Articles | Volume 18, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1125-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1125-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 May 2022
Research article |
| 24 May 2022
| 24 May 2022
A multi-ice-core, annual-layer-counted Greenland ice-core chronology for the last 3800 years: GICC21
Physics of Ice, Climate, and Earth, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Mai Winstrup
DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
Tobias Erhardt
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger
Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Eliza Cook
Physics of Ice, Climate, and Earth, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Camilla Marie Jensen
Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger
Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Anders Svensson
Physics of Ice, Climate, and Earth, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Bo Møllesøe Vinther
Physics of Ice, Climate, and Earth, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Raimund Muscheler
Quaternary Sciences, Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Sune Olander Rasmussen
Physics of Ice, Climate, and Earth, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Related authors
Chloe A. Brashear, Tyler R. Jones, Valerie Morris, Bruce H. Vaughn, William H. G. Roberts, William B. Skorski, Abigail G. Hughes, Richard Nunn, Sune Olander Rasmussen, Kurt M. Cuffey, Bo M. Vinther, Todd Sowers, Christo Buizert, Vasileios Gkinis, Christian Holme, Mari F. Jensen, Sofia E. Kjellman, Petra M. Langebroek, Florian Mekhaldi, Kevin S. Rozmiarek, Jonathan W. Rheinlænder, Margit H. Simon, Giulia Sinnl, Silje Smith-Johnsen, and James W. C. White
Clim. Past, 21, 529–546, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-529-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-529-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We use a series of spectral techniques to quantify the strength of high-frequency climate variability in northeastern Greenland to 50 000 ka before present. Importantly, we find that variability consistently decreases hundreds of years prior to Dansgaard–Oeschger warming events. Model simulations suggest a change in North Atlantic sea ice behavior contributed to this pattern, thus providing new information on the conditions which preceded abrupt climate change during the Last Glacial Period.
Naoko Nagatsuka, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Koji Fujita, Yuki Komuro, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Jun Ogata, Kaori Fukuda, Yoshimi Ogawa-Tsukagawa, Kyotaro Kitamura, Ayaka Yonekura, Fumio Nakazawa, Yukihiko Onuma, Naoyuki Kurita, Sune Olander Rasmussen, Giulia Sinnl, Trevor James Popp, and Dorthe Dahl-Jensen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1666, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1666, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new high-temporal-resolution record of mineral composition in a northeastern Greenland ice-core (EGRIP) over the past 100 years. The ice core dust composition and its variation differed significantly from a northwestern Greenland ice core, which is likely due to differences in the geological sources of the dust. Our results suggest that the EGRIP ice core dust was constantly supplied from Northern Eurasia, North America, and Asia with minor contribution from Greenland coast.
Sune Olander Rasmussen, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Hubertus Fischer, Katrin Fuhrer, Steffen Bo Hansen, Margareta Hansson, Christine S. Hvidberg, Ulf Jonsell, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Urs Ruth, Jakob Schwander, Marie-Louise Siggaard-Andersen, Giulia Sinnl, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, Anders M. Svensson, and Bo M. Vinther
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3351–3364, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3351-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3351-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Timescales are essential for interpreting palaeoclimate data. The data series presented here were used for annual-layer identification when constructing the timescales named the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) and the revised version GICC21. Hopefully, these high-resolution data sets will be useful also for other purposes.
Giulia Sinnl, Florian Adolphi, Marcus Christl, Kees C. Welten, Thomas Woodruff, Marc Caffee, Anders Svensson, Raimund Muscheler, and Sune Olander Rasmussen
Clim. Past, 19, 1153–1175, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1153-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1153-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The record of past climate is preserved by several archives from different regions, such as ice cores from Greenland or Antarctica or speleothems from caves such as the Hulu Cave in China. In this study, these archives are aligned by taking advantage of the globally synchronous production of cosmogenic radionuclides. This produces a new perspective on the global climate in the period between 20 000 and 25 000 years ago.
Julien Westhoff, Giulia Sinnl, Anders Svensson, Johannes Freitag, Helle Astrid Kjær, Paul Vallelonga, Bo Vinther, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, and Ilka Weikusat
Clim. Past, 18, 1011–1034, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1011-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1011-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a melt event record from an ice core from central Greenland, which covers the past 10 000 years. Our record displays warm summer events, which can be used to enhance our understanding of the past climate. We compare our data to anomalies in tree ring width, which also represents summer temperatures, and find a good correlation. Furthermore, we investigate an outstandingly warm event in the year 986 AD or 991 AD, which has not been analyzed before.
Tamara Annina Gerber, Christine Schøtt Hvidberg, Sune Olander Rasmussen, Steven Franke, Giulia Sinnl, Aslak Grinsted, Daniela Jansen, and Dorthe Dahl-Jensen
The Cryosphere, 15, 3655–3679, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3655-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3655-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We simulate the ice flow in the onset region of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream to determine the source area and past accumulation rates of ice found in the EastGRIP ice core. This information is required to correct for bias in ice-core records introduced by the upstream flow effects. Our results reveal that the increasing accumulation rate with increasing upstream distance is predominantly responsible for the constant annual layer thicknesses observed in the upper 900 m of the ice core.
Seyedhamidreza Mojtabavi, Frank Wilhelms, Eliza Cook, Siwan M. Davies, Giulia Sinnl, Mathias Skov Jensen, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Anders Svensson, Bo M. Vinther, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Gwydion Jones, Nanna B. Karlsson, Sergio Henrique Faria, Vasileios Gkinis, Helle Astrid Kjær, Tobias Erhardt, Sarah M. P. Berben, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Iben Koldtoft, and Sune Olander Rasmussen
Clim. Past, 16, 2359–2380, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2359-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2359-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present a first chronology for the East Greenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP) over the Holocene and last glacial termination. After field measurements and processing of the ice-core data, the GICC05 timescale is transferred from the NGRIP core to the EGRIP core by means of matching volcanic events and common patterns (381 match points) in the ECM and DEP records. The new timescale is named GICC05-EGRIP-1 and extends back to around 15 kyr b2k.
Nicolas Stoll, Ilka Weikusat, Daniela Jansen, Paul Bons, Kyra Darányi, Julien Westhoff, María-Gema Llorens, David Wallis, Jan Eichler, Tomotaka Saruya, Tomoyuki Homma, Sune Olander Rasmussen, Giulia Sinnl, Anders Svensson, Martyn Drury, Frank Wilhelms, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, and Johanna Kerch
The Cryosphere, 19, 3805–3830, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3805-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3805-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A better understanding of ice flow requires more observational data. The EastGRIP core is the first ice core through an active ice stream. We discuss crystal orientation data determining the present deformation regimes. A comparison with other deep cores shows the unique properties of EastGRIP and shows that deep ice likely originates from the Eemian. We further show that the overall plug flow of NEGIS is characterised by many small-scale variations, which remain to be considered in ice flow models.
Niklas Kappelt, Eric Wolff, Marcus Christl, Christof Vockenhuber, Philip Gautschi, and Raimund Muscheler
Clim. Past, 21, 1585–1594, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1585-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1585-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
By measuring the radioactive decay of atmospherically produced 36Cl and 10Be in an ice core drilled in West Antarctica, we were able to determine the age of the deepest sample close to bedrock to be about 550 thousand years old. This means that the ice in this location, known as Skytrain Ice Rise, has survived several warm periods in the past, at least since marine isotope stage 11.
Mikkel Langgaard Lauritzen, Anne Solgaard, Nicholas Mossor Rathmann, Bo Møllesøe Vinther, Aslak Grindsted, Brice Noël, Guðfinna Aðalgeirsdóttir, and Christine Schøtt Hvidberg
The Cryosphere, 19, 3599–3622, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3599-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3599-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the Holocene (past 11 700 years) to understand how the Greenland Ice Sheet has changed. Using 841 computer simulations, we tested different scenarios and matched them to historical ice elevation data, confirming our model's accuracy. Results show that Greenland's melting has raised sea levels by about 5.3 m since the Holocene began and by around 12 mm in just the past 500 years.
Iris Arndt, Jonathan Erez, David Evans, Tobias Erhardt, Adam Levi, and Wolfgang Müller
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3479, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores daily geochemical variations in giant clam (Tridacna) shells from controlled, isotopically-labelled day-night growth experiments. Results show five times higher daytime calcification rates. Light availability and metabolic activity significantly influence elemental incorporation mechanisms. The findings enhance our understanding of clam geochemistry and growth dynamics, offering valuable insights for studies on past environmental changes.
Qin Tao, Cheng Shen, Raimund Muscheler, and Jesper Sjolte
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3471, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3471, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using model simulations and reconstructions over the last millennium, we identify distinct North Atlantic Oscillation-related winter climate responses following tropical versus extratropical eruptions, with improved model-data agreement in simulations that use the latest volcanic forcing. Our paleoclimate data-model comparison provides new evidence of volcanic climate impacts, which are strongly dependent on the choice of forcing dataset, model configuration, and eruption event selection.
Paolo Gabrielli, Theo M. Jenk, Michele Bertó, Giuliano Dreossi, Daniela Festi, Werner Kofler, Mai Winstrup, Klaus Oeggl, Margit Schwikowski, Barbara Stenni, and Carlo Barbante
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2174, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2174, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A low latitude-high altitude Alpine ice core record was obtained in 2011 from the glacier Alto dell’Ortles (Eastern Alps, Italy) and provided evidence of one of the oldest Alpine ice core records spanning the last ~7000 years, back to the last Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum. Here we provide a new Alto dell’Ortles chronology of improved accuracy that will allow to constrain Holocene climatic and environmental histories emerging from this high-altitude glacial archive of Central Europe.
Naoko Nagatsuka, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Kana Nagashima, Koji Fujita, Yuki Komuro, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Jun Ogata, Kaori Fukuda, Yoshimi Ogawa-Tsukagawa, Kyotaro Kitamura, Ayaka Yonekura, Fumio Nakazawa, Yukihiko Onuma, Naoyuki Kurita, Sune Olander Rasmussen, Giulia Sinnl, Trevor James Popp, and Dorthe Dahl-Jensen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1522, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1522, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first continuous records of dust size, composition, and temporal variations in potential sources from the northeastern Greenland ice core (EGRIP) over the past 100 years. Using a multi-proxy provenance approach based on individual particle analysis, we identify the primary dust sources as the Asian (Gobi) and African (Sahara) deserts. Our findings show shifts in their contributions since the 1970s–1980s, highlighting the effectiveness of this approach during low dust periods.
Chloe A. Brashear, Tyler R. Jones, Valerie Morris, Bruce H. Vaughn, William H. G. Roberts, William B. Skorski, Abigail G. Hughes, Richard Nunn, Sune Olander Rasmussen, Kurt M. Cuffey, Bo M. Vinther, Todd Sowers, Christo Buizert, Vasileios Gkinis, Christian Holme, Mari F. Jensen, Sofia E. Kjellman, Petra M. Langebroek, Florian Mekhaldi, Kevin S. Rozmiarek, Jonathan W. Rheinlænder, Margit H. Simon, Giulia Sinnl, Silje Smith-Johnsen, and James W. C. White
Clim. Past, 21, 529–546, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-529-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-529-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We use a series of spectral techniques to quantify the strength of high-frequency climate variability in northeastern Greenland to 50 000 ka before present. Importantly, we find that variability consistently decreases hundreds of years prior to Dansgaard–Oeschger warming events. Model simulations suggest a change in North Atlantic sea ice behavior contributed to this pattern, thus providing new information on the conditions which preceded abrupt climate change during the Last Glacial Period.
Sindhu Vudayagiri, Bo Vinther, Johannes Freitag, Peter L. Langen, and Thomas Blunier
Clim. Past, 21, 517–528, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-517-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-517-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Air trapped in polar ice during snowfall reflects atmospheric pressure at the time of occlusion, serving as a proxy for elevation. However, melting, firn structure changes, and air pressure variability complicate this relationship. We measured total air content (TAC) in the RECAP ice core from Renland ice cap, eastern Greenland, spanning 121 000 years. Melt layers and short-term TAC variations, whose origins remain unclear, present challenges in interpreting elevation changes.
Jonathan Ortved Melcher, Sune Halkjær, Peter Ditlevsen, Peter L. Langen, Guido Vettoretti, and Sune Olander Rasmussen
Clim. Past, 21, 115–132, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-115-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-115-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a new model that simulates Dansgaard–Oeschger events, dramatic and irregular climate shifts within past ice ages. The model consists of simplified equations inspired by ocean current dynamics. We fine-tune this model to capture the Dansgaard–Oeschger events with unprecedented accuracy, providing deeper insights into past climate patterns. This helps us understand and predict complex climate changes, aiding future climate change resilience efforts.
Frédéric Parrenin, Marie Bouchet, Christo Buizert, Emilie Capron, Ellen Corrick, Russell Drysdale, Kenji Kawamura, Amaëlle Landais, Robert Mulvaney, Ikumi Oyabu, and Sune Olander Rasmussen
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8735–8750, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8735-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8735-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Paleochrono-1.1 probabilistic dating model allows users to derive a common and optimized chronology for several paleoclimatic sites from various archives (ice cores, speleothems, marine cores, lake cores, etc.). It combines prior sedimentation scenarios with chronological information such as dated horizons, dated intervals, stratigraphic links and (for ice cores) Δdepth observations. Paleochrono-1.1 is available under an open-source license.
Jakob Schwander, Thomas F. Stocker, Remo Walther, Samuel Marending, Tobias Erhardt, Chantal Zeppenfeld, and Jürg Jost
The Cryosphere, 18, 5613–5617, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The RADIX (Rapid Access Drilling and Ice eXtraction) optical dust logger is part of the exploratory 20 mm drilling system at the University of Bern and is inserted into the hole after drilling. Temperature and attitude sensors were successfully tested but not the dust sensor, as no RADIX hole reached the required bubble-free ice. In 2023, we tested the logger with an adapter for the deep borehole of the East Greenland Ice-core Project and obtained a good Late Glacial–Early Holocene dust record.
Mai Winstrup, Heidi Ranndal, Signe Hillerup Larsen, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Robert S. Fausto, and Louise Sandberg Sørensen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5405–5428, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5405-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5405-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Surface topography across the marginal zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet is constantly evolving. Here we present an annual series (2019–2022) of summer digital elevation models (PRODEMs) for the Greenland Ice Sheet margin, covering all outlet glaciers from the ice sheet. The PRODEMs are based on fusion of CryoSat-2 radar altimetry and ICESat-2 laser altimetry. With their high spatial and temporal resolution, the PRODEMs will enable detailed studies of the changes in marginal ice sheet elevations.
Emma Pearce, Dimitri Zigone, Coen Hofstede, Andreas Fichtner, Joachim Rimpot, Sune Olander Rasmussen, Johannes Freitag, and Olaf Eisen
The Cryosphere, 18, 4917–4932, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4917-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4917-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study near EastGRIP camp in Greenland shows varying firn properties by direction (crucial for studying ice stream stability, structure, surface mass balance, and past climate conditions). We used dispersion curve analysis of Love and Rayleigh waves to show firn is nonuniform along and across the flow of an ice stream due to wind patterns, seasonal variability, and the proximity to the edge of the ice stream. This method better informs firn structure, advancing ice stream understanding.
Margaret Mallory Harlan, Jodi Fox, Helle Astrid Kjær, Tessa R. Vance, Anders Svensson, and Eliza Cook
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-64, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-64, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for CP
Short summary
Short summary
We identify two tephra horizons in the Mount Brown South (MBS) ice core originating from the mid-1980s eruptive period of Mt. Erebus and the 1991 eruption of Cerro Hudson. They represent an important addition to East Antarctic tephrochronology, with implications for understanding atmospheric dynamics and ice core chronologies. This work underpins the importance of the MBS ice core as a new tephrochronological archive in an underrepresented region of coastal East Antarctica.
Margaret Harlan, Helle Astrid Kjær, Aylin de Campo, Anders Svensson, Thomas Blunier, Vasileios Gkinis, Sarah Jackson, Christopher Plummer, and Tessa Vance
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-335, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-335, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides high-resolution chemistry and impurity measurements from the Mount Brown South ice core in East Antarctica, from 873 to 2009 CE. Measurements include sodium, ammonium, hydrogen peroxide, electrolytic conductivity, and insoluble microparticles. Data are provided on three scales: 1 mm and 3 cm averaged depth resolution and decadally averaged. The paper also describes the continuous flow analysis systems used to collect the data as well as uncertainties and data quality.
Susanne Preunkert, Pascal Bohleber, Michel Legrand, Adrien Gilbert, Tobias Erhardt, Roland Purtschert, Lars Zipf, Astrid Waldner, Joseph R. McConnell, and Hubertus Fischer
The Cryosphere, 18, 2177–2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice cores from high-elevation Alpine glaciers are an important tool to reconstruct the past atmosphere. However, since crevasses are common at these glacier sites, rigorous investigations of glaciological conditions upstream of drill sites are needed before interpreting such ice cores. On the basis of three ice cores extracted at Col du Dôme (4250 m a.s.l; French Alps), an overall picture of a dynamic crevasse formation is drawn, which disturbs the depth–age relation of two of the three cores.
Johannes Lohmann, Jiamei Lin, Bo M. Vinther, Sune O. Rasmussen, and Anders Svensson
Clim. Past, 20, 313–333, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-313-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-313-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first attempt to constrain the climatic impact of volcanic eruptions with return periods of hundreds of years by the oxygen isotope records of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores covering the last glacial period. A clear multi-annual volcanic cooling signal is seen, but its absolute magnitude is subject to the unknown glacial sensitivity of the proxy. Different proxy signals after eruptions during cooler versus warmer glacial stages may reflect a state-dependent climate response.
Laura Melling, Amber Leeson, Malcolm McMillan, Jennifer Maddalena, Jade Bowling, Emily Glen, Louise Sandberg Sørensen, Mai Winstrup, and Rasmus Lørup Arildsen
The Cryosphere, 18, 543–558, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-543-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-543-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes on glaciers hold large volumes of water which can drain through the ice, influencing estimates of sea level rise. To estimate water volume, we must calculate lake depth. We assessed the accuracy of three satellite-based depth detection methods on a study area in western Greenland and considered the implications for quantifying the volume of water within lakes. We found that the most popular method of detecting depth on the ice sheet scale has higher uncertainty than previously assumed.
Minjie Zheng, Hongyu Liu, Florian Adolphi, Raimund Muscheler, Zhengyao Lu, Mousong Wu, and Nønne L. Prisle
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 7037–7057, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7037-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7037-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The radionuclides 7Be and 10Be are useful tracers for atmospheric transport studies. Here we use the GEOS-Chem to simulate 7Be and 10Be with different production rates: the default production rate in GEOS-Chem and two from the state-of-the-art beryllium production model. We demonstrate that reduced uncertainties in the production rates can enhance the utility of 7Be and 10Be as tracers for evaluating transport and scavenging processes in global models.
Chiara I. Paleari, Florian Mekhaldi, Tobias Erhardt, Minjie Zheng, Marcus Christl, Florian Adolphi, Maria Hörhold, and Raimund Muscheler
Clim. Past, 19, 2409–2422, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2409-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2409-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we test the use of excess meltwater from continuous flow analysis from a firn core from Greenland for the measurement of 10Be for solar activity reconstructions. We show that the quality of results is similar to the measurements on clean firn, which opens the possibility to obtain continuous 10Be records without requiring large amounts of clean ice. Furthermore, we investigate the possibility of identifying solar storm signals in 10Be records from Greenland and Antarctica.
Tobias Erhardt, Camilla Marie Jensen, Florian Adolphi, Helle Astrid Kjær, Remi Dallmayr, Birthe Twarloh, Melanie Behrens, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Kaori Fukuda, Jun Ogata, François Burgay, Federico Scoto, Ilaria Crotti, Azzurra Spagnesi, Niccoló Maffezzoli, Delia Segato, Chiara Paleari, Florian Mekhaldi, Raimund Muscheler, Sophie Darfeuil, and Hubertus Fischer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5079–5091, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5079-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5079-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The presented paper provides a 3.8 kyr long dataset of aerosol concentrations from the East Greenland Ice coring Project (EGRIP) ice core. The data consists of 1 mm depth-resolution profiles of calcium, sodium, ammonium, nitrate, and electrolytic conductivity as well as decadal averages of these profiles. Alongside the data a detailed description of the measurement setup as well as a discussion of the uncertainties are given.
Marie Bouchet, Amaëlle Landais, Antoine Grisart, Frédéric Parrenin, Frédéric Prié, Roxanne Jacob, Elise Fourré, Emilie Capron, Dominique Raynaud, Vladimir Ya Lipenkov, Marie-France Loutre, Thomas Extier, Anders Svensson, Etienne Legrain, Patricia Martinerie, Markus Leuenberger, Wei Jiang, Florian Ritterbusch, Zheng-Tian Lu, and Guo-Min Yang
Clim. Past, 19, 2257–2286, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2257-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2257-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A new federative chronology for five deep polar ice cores retrieves 800 000 years of past climate variations with improved accuracy. Precise ice core timescales are key to studying the mechanisms linking changes in the Earth’s orbit to the diverse climatic responses (temperature and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations). To construct the chronology, new measurements from the oldest continuous ice core as well as glaciological modeling estimates were combined in a statistical model.
Anja Løkkegaard, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Christian Zdanowicz, Gary D. Clow, Martin P. Lüthi, Samuel H. Doyle, Henrik H. Thomsen, David Fisher, Joel Harper, Andy Aschwanden, Bo M. Vinther, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Harry Zekollari, Toby Meierbachtol, Ian McDowell, Neil Humphrey, Anne Solgaard, Nanna B. Karlsson, Shfaqat A. Khan, Benjamin Hills, Robert Law, Bryn Hubbard, Poul Christoffersen, Mylène Jacquemart, Julien Seguinot, Robert S. Fausto, and William T. Colgan
The Cryosphere, 17, 3829–3845, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3829-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3829-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a database compiling 95 ice temperature profiles from the Greenland ice sheet and peripheral ice caps. Ice viscosity and hence ice flow are highly sensitive to ice temperature. To highlight the value of the database in evaluating ice flow simulations, profiles from the Greenland ice sheet are compared to a modeled temperature field. Reoccurring discrepancies between modeled and observed temperatures provide insight on the difficulties faced when simulating ice temperatures.
Naoko Nagatsuka, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Koji Fujita, Yuki Komuro, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Jun Ogata, Kaori Fukuda, Yoshimi Ogawa-Tsukagawa, Kyotaro Kitamura, Ayaka Yonekura, Fumio Nakazawa, Yukihiko Onuma, Naoyuki Kurita, Sune Olander Rasmussen, Giulia Sinnl, Trevor James Popp, and Dorthe Dahl-Jensen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1666, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1666, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new high-temporal-resolution record of mineral composition in a northeastern Greenland ice-core (EGRIP) over the past 100 years. The ice core dust composition and its variation differed significantly from a northwestern Greenland ice core, which is likely due to differences in the geological sources of the dust. Our results suggest that the EGRIP ice core dust was constantly supplied from Northern Eurasia, North America, and Asia with minor contribution from Greenland coast.
Sune Olander Rasmussen, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Hubertus Fischer, Katrin Fuhrer, Steffen Bo Hansen, Margareta Hansson, Christine S. Hvidberg, Ulf Jonsell, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Urs Ruth, Jakob Schwander, Marie-Louise Siggaard-Andersen, Giulia Sinnl, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, Anders M. Svensson, and Bo M. Vinther
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3351–3364, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3351-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3351-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Timescales are essential for interpreting palaeoclimate data. The data series presented here were used for annual-layer identification when constructing the timescales named the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) and the revised version GICC21. Hopefully, these high-resolution data sets will be useful also for other purposes.
Giulia Sinnl, Florian Adolphi, Marcus Christl, Kees C. Welten, Thomas Woodruff, Marc Caffee, Anders Svensson, Raimund Muscheler, and Sune Olander Rasmussen
Clim. Past, 19, 1153–1175, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1153-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1153-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The record of past climate is preserved by several archives from different regions, such as ice cores from Greenland or Antarctica or speleothems from caves such as the Hulu Cave in China. In this study, these archives are aligned by taking advantage of the globally synchronous production of cosmogenic radionuclides. This produces a new perspective on the global climate in the period between 20 000 and 25 000 years ago.
Nicolas Stoll, Julien Westhoff, Pascal Bohleber, Anders Svensson, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Carlo Barbante, and Ilka Weikusat
The Cryosphere, 17, 2021–2043, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2021-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2021-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Impurities in polar ice play a role regarding its climate signal and internal deformation. We bridge different scales using different methods to investigate ice from the Last Glacial Period derived from the EGRIP ice core in Greenland. We characterise different types of cloudy bands, i.e. frequently occurring milky layers in the ice, and analyse their chemistry with Raman spectroscopy and 2D imaging. We derive new insights into impurity localisation and deposition conditions.
Robert Mulvaney, Eric W. Wolff, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Helene H. Hoffmann, Jack D. Humby, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Rachael H. Rhodes, Isobel F. Rowell, Frédéric Parrenin, Loïc Schmidely, Hubertus Fischer, Thomas F. Stocker, Marcus Christl, Raimund Muscheler, Amaelle Landais, and Frédéric Prié
Clim. Past, 19, 851–864, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-851-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-851-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present an age scale for a new ice core drilled at Skytrain Ice Rise, an ice rise facing the Ronne Ice Shelf in Antarctica. Various measurements in the ice and air phases are used to match the ice core to other Antarctic cores that have already been dated, and a new age scale is constructed. The 651 m ice core includes ice that is confidently dated to 117 000–126 000 years ago, in the last interglacial. Older ice is found deeper down, but there are flow disturbances in the deeper ice.
Niccolò Maffezzoli, Eliza Cook, Willem G. M. van der Bilt, Eivind N. Støren, Daniela Festi, Florian Muthreich, Alistair W. R. Seddon, François Burgay, Giovanni Baccolo, Amalie R. F. Mygind, Troels Petersen, Andrea Spolaor, Sebastiano Vascon, Marcello Pelillo, Patrizia Ferretti, Rafael S. dos Reis, Jefferson C. Simões, Yuval Ronen, Barbara Delmonte, Marco Viccaro, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, and Carlo Barbante
The Cryosphere, 17, 539–565, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-539-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-539-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Multiple lines of research in ice core science are limited by manually intensive and time-consuming optical microscopy investigations for the detection of insoluble particles, from pollen grains to volcanic shards. To help overcome these limitations and support researchers, we present a novel methodology for the identification and autonomous classification of ice core insoluble particles based on flow image microscopy and neural networks.
Zhiheng Du, Jiao Yang, Lei Wang, Ninglian Wang, Anders Svensson, Zhen Zhang, Xiangyu Ma, Yaping Liu, Shimeng Wang, Jianzhong Xu, and Cunde Xiao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5349–5365, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5349-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5349-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A dataset of the radiogenic strontium and neodymium isotopic compositions from the three poles (the third pole, the Arctic, and Antarctica) were integrated to obtain new findings. The dataset enables us to map the standardized locations in the three poles, while the use of sorting criteria related to the sample type permits us to trace the dust sources and sinks. The purpose of this dataset is to try to determine the variable transport pathways of dust at three poles.
Antoine Grisart, Mathieu Casado, Vasileios Gkinis, Bo Vinther, Philippe Naveau, Mathieu Vrac, Thomas Laepple, Bénédicte Minster, Frederic Prié, Barbara Stenni, Elise Fourré, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Jean Jouzel, Martin Werner, Katy Pol, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Maria Hoerhold, Trevor Popp, and Amaelle Landais
Clim. Past, 18, 2289–2301, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2289-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2289-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a compilation of high-resolution (11 cm) water isotopic records, including published and new measurements, for the last 800 000 years from the EPICA Dome C ice core, Antarctica. Using this new combined water isotopes (δ18O and δD) dataset, we study the variability and possible influence of diffusion at the multi-decadal to multi-centennial scale. We observe a stronger variability at the onset of the interglacial interval corresponding to a warm period.
Helle Astrid Kjær, Patrick Zens, Samuel Black, Kasper Holst Lund, Anders Svensson, and Paul Vallelonga
Clim. Past, 18, 2211–2230, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2211-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2211-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Six shallow cores from northern Greenland spanning a distance of 426 km were retrieved during a traversal in 2015. We identify several recent acid horizons associated with Icelandic eruptions and eruptions in the Barents Sea region and obtain a robust forest fire proxy associated primarily with Canadian forest fires. We also observe an increase in the large dust particle fluxes that we attribute to an activation of Greenland local sources in recent years (1998–2015).
Johannes Lohmann and Anders Svensson
Clim. Past, 18, 2021–2043, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2021-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2021-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Major volcanic eruptions are known to cause considerable short-term impacts on the global climate. Their influence on long-term climate variability and regime shifts is less well-understood. Here we show that very large, bipolar eruptions occurred more frequently than expected by chance just before abrupt climate change events in the last glacial period (Dansgaard–Oeschger events). Thus, such large eruptions may in some cases act as short-term triggers for abrupt regime shifts of the climate.
Julien Westhoff, Giulia Sinnl, Anders Svensson, Johannes Freitag, Helle Astrid Kjær, Paul Vallelonga, Bo Vinther, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, and Ilka Weikusat
Clim. Past, 18, 1011–1034, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1011-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1011-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a melt event record from an ice core from central Greenland, which covers the past 10 000 years. Our record displays warm summer events, which can be used to enhance our understanding of the past climate. We compare our data to anomalies in tree ring width, which also represents summer temperatures, and find a good correlation. Furthermore, we investigate an outstandingly warm event in the year 986 AD or 991 AD, which has not been analyzed before.
Tobias Erhardt, Matthias Bigler, Urs Federer, Gideon Gfeller, Daiana Leuenberger, Olivia Stowasser, Regine Röthlisberger, Simon Schüpbach, Urs Ruth, Birthe Twarloh, Anna Wegner, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Takayuki Kuramoto, Helle A. Kjær, Paul T. Vallelonga, Marie-Louise Siggaard-Andersen, Margareta E. Hansson, Ailsa K. Benton, Louise G. Fleet, Rob Mulvaney, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Nerilie Abram, Thomas F. Stocker, and Hubertus Fischer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1215–1231, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1215-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1215-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The datasets presented alongside this manuscript contain high-resolution concentration measurements of chemical impurities in deep ice cores, NGRIP and NEEM, from the Greenland ice sheet. The impurities originate from the deposition of aerosols to the surface of the ice sheet and are influenced by source, transport and deposition processes. Together, these records contain detailed, multi-parameter records of past climate variability over the last glacial period.
Jiamei Lin, Anders Svensson, Christine S. Hvidberg, Johannes Lohmann, Steffen Kristiansen, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, Sune Olander Rasmussen, Eliza Cook, Helle Astrid Kjær, Bo M. Vinther, Hubertus Fischer, Thomas Stocker, Michael Sigl, Matthias Bigler, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, and Robert Mulvaney
Clim. Past, 18, 485–506, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-485-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-485-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We employ acidity records from Greenland and Antarctic ice cores to estimate the emission strength, frequency and climatic forcing for large volcanic eruptions from the last half of the last glacial period. A total of 25 volcanic eruptions are found to be larger than any eruption in the last 2500 years, and we identify more eruptions than obtained from geological evidence. Towards the end of the glacial period, there is a notable increase in volcanic activity observed for Greenland.
Paolo Gabrielli, Theo Manuel Jenk, Michele Bertó, Giuliano Dreossi, Daniela Festi, Werner Kofler, Mai Winstrup, Klaus Oeggl, Margit Schwikowski, Barbara Stenni, and Carlo Barbante
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2022-20, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2022-20, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We present a methodology that reduces the chronological uncertainty of an Alpine ice core record from the glacier Alto dell’Ortles, Italy. This chronology will allow the constraint of the Holocene climatic and environmental histories emerging from this archive of Central Europe. This method will allow to obtain accurate chronologies also from other ice cores from-low latitude/high-altitude glaciers that typically suffer from larger dating uncertainties compared with well dated polar records.
Nicolas Stoll, Maria Hörhold, Tobias Erhardt, Jan Eichler, Camilla Jensen, and Ilka Weikusat
The Cryosphere, 16, 667–688, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-667-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-667-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We mapped and analysed solid inclusion in the upper 1340 m of the EGRIP ice core with Raman spectroscopy and microstructure mapping, based on bulk dust content derived via continuous flow analysis. We observe a large variety in mineralogy throughout the core and samples. The main minerals are sulfates, especially gypsum, and terrestrial dust minerals, such as quartz, mica, and feldspar. A change in mineralogy occurs around 900 m depth indicating a climate-related imprint.
Nicolas Stoll, Jan Eichler, Maria Hörhold, Tobias Erhardt, Camilla Jensen, and Ilka Weikusat
The Cryosphere, 15, 5717–5737, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5717-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5717-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We did a systematic analysis of the location of inclusions in the EGRIP ice core, the first ice core from an ice stream. We combine this with crystal orientation and grain size data, enabling the first overview about the microstructure of this unique ice core. Micro-inclusions show a strong spatial variability and patterns (clusters or horizontal layers); roughly one-third is located at grain boundaries. More holistic approaches are needed to understand deformation processes in the ice better.
Helle Astrid Kjær, Lisa Lolk Hauge, Marius Simonsen, Zurine Yoldi, Iben Koldtoft, Maria Hörhold, Johannes Freitag, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Anders Svensson, and Paul Vallelonga
The Cryosphere, 15, 3719–3730, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3719-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3719-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ice core analyses are often done in home laboratories after costly transport of samples from the field. This limits the amount of sample that can be analysed.
Here, we present the first truly field-portable continuous flow analysis (CFA) system for the analysis of impurities in snow, firn and ice cores while still in the field: the lightweight in situ analysis (LISA) box.
LISA is demonstrated in Greenland to reconstruct accumulation, conductivity and peroxide in snow cores.
Tamara Annina Gerber, Christine Schøtt Hvidberg, Sune Olander Rasmussen, Steven Franke, Giulia Sinnl, Aslak Grinsted, Daniela Jansen, and Dorthe Dahl-Jensen
The Cryosphere, 15, 3655–3679, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3655-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3655-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We simulate the ice flow in the onset region of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream to determine the source area and past accumulation rates of ice found in the EastGRIP ice core. This information is required to correct for bias in ice-core records introduced by the upstream flow effects. Our results reveal that the increasing accumulation rate with increasing upstream distance is predominantly responsible for the constant annual layer thicknesses observed in the upper 900 m of the ice core.
Delia Segato, Maria Del Carmen Villoslada Hidalgo, Ross Edwards, Elena Barbaro, Paul Vallelonga, Helle Astrid Kjær, Marius Simonsen, Bo Vinther, Niccolò Maffezzoli, Roberta Zangrando, Clara Turetta, Dario Battistel, Orri Vésteinsson, Carlo Barbante, and Andrea Spolaor
Clim. Past, 17, 1533–1545, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1533-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1533-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Human influence on fire regimes in the past is poorly understood, especially at high latitudes. We present 5 kyr of fire proxies levoglucosan, black carbon, and ammonium in the RECAP ice core in Greenland and reconstruct for the first time the fire regime in the high North Atlantic region, comprising coastal east Greenland and Iceland. Climate is the main driver of the fire regime, but at 1.1 kyr BP a contribution may be made by the deforestation resulting from Viking colonization of Iceland.
Nathalie Van der Putten, Florian Adolphi, Anette Mellström, Jesper Sjolte, Cyriel Verbruggen, Jan-Berend Stuut, Tobias Erhardt, Yves Frenot, and Raimund Muscheler
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-69, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-69, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
In recent decades, Southern Hemisphere westerlies (SHW) moved equator-ward during periods of low solar activity leading to increased winds/precipitation at 46° S, Indian Ocean. We present a terrestrial SHW proxy-record and find stronger SHW influence at Crozet, shortly after 2.8 ka BP, synchronous with a climate shift in the Northern Hemisphere, attributed to a major decline in solar activity. The bipolar response to solar forcing is supported by a climate model forced by solar irradiance only.
Andreas Plach, Bo M. Vinther, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Sindhu Vudayagiri, and Thomas Blunier
Clim. Past, 17, 317–330, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-317-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-317-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In light of recent large-scale melting of the Greenland ice sheet
(GrIS), e.g., in the summer of 2012 several days with surface melt
on the entire ice sheet (including elevations above 3000 m), we use
computer simulations to estimate the amount of melt during a
warmer-than-present period of the past. Our simulations show more
extensive melt than today. This is important for the interpretation of
ice cores which are used to reconstruct the evolution of the ice sheet
and the climate.
Lu Zhou, Julienne Stroeve, Shiming Xu, Alek Petty, Rachel Tilling, Mai Winstrup, Philip Rostosky, Isobel R. Lawrence, Glen E. Liston, Andy Ridout, Michel Tsamados, and Vishnu Nandan
The Cryosphere, 15, 345–367, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-345-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-345-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Snow on sea ice plays an important role in the Arctic climate system. Large spatial and temporal discrepancies among the eight snow depth products are analyzed together with their seasonal variability and long-term trends. These snow products are further compared against various ground-truth observations. More analyses on representation error of sea ice parameters are needed for systematic comparison and fusion of airborne, in situ and remote sensing observations.
Helle Astrid Kjær, Patrick Zens, Ross Edwards, Martin Olesen, Ruth Mottram, Gabriel Lewis, Christian Terkelsen Holme, Samuel Black, Kasper Holst Lund, Mikkel Schmidt, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Bo Vinther, Anders Svensson, Nanna Karlsson, Jason E. Box, Sepp Kipfstuhl, and Paul Vallelonga
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-337, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-337, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
We have reconstructed accumulation in 6 firn cores and 8 snow cores in Northern Greenland and compared with a regional Climate model over Greenland. We find the model underestimate precipitation especially in north-eastern part of the ice cap- an important finding if aiming to reconstruct surface mass balance.
Temperatures at 10 meters depth at 6 sites in Greenland were also determined and show a significant warming since the 1990's of 0.9 to 2.5 °C.
Michael Sarnthein, Kevin Küssner, Pieter M. Grootes, Blanca Ausin, Timothy Eglinton, Juan Muglia, Raimund Muscheler, and Gordon Schlolaut
Clim. Past, 16, 2547–2571, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2547-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2547-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The dating technique of 14C plateau tuning uses U/Th-based model ages, refinements of the Lake Suigetsu age scale, and the link of surface ocean carbon to the globally mixed atmosphere as basis of age correlation. Our synthesis employs data of 20 sediment cores from the global ocean and offers a coherent picture of global ocean circulation evolving over glacial-to-deglacial times on semi-millennial scales to be compared with climate records stored in marine sediments, ice cores, and speleothems.
Johannes Lohmann and Anders Svensson
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-160, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-160, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Major volcanic eruptions are known to cause considerable short-term impacts on the global climate. Their influence on long-term climate variability and regime shifts is less well understood. Here we show that very large, bipolar eruptions occurred more frequently than expected by chance just before abrupt climate change events in the last glacial period (the Dansgaard-Oeschger events). Thus, such large eruptions may in some cases act as short-term triggers to abrupt regime shifts of the climate.
Leonie Peti, Kathryn E. Fitzsimmons, Jenni L. Hopkins, Andreas Nilsson, Toshiyuki Fujioka, David Fink, Charles Mifsud, Marcus Christl, Raimund Muscheler, and Paul C. Augustinus
Geochronology, 2, 367–410, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-367-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-367-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Orakei Basin – a former maar lake in Auckland, New Zealand – provides an outstanding sediment record over the last ca. 130 000 years, but an age model is required to allow the reconstruction of climate change and volcanic eruptions contained in the sequence. To construct a relationship between depth in the sediment core and age of deposition, we combined tephrochronology, radiocarbon dating, luminescence dating, and the relative intensity of the paleomagnetic field in a Bayesian age–depth model.
Seyedhamidreza Mojtabavi, Frank Wilhelms, Eliza Cook, Siwan M. Davies, Giulia Sinnl, Mathias Skov Jensen, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Anders Svensson, Bo M. Vinther, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Gwydion Jones, Nanna B. Karlsson, Sergio Henrique Faria, Vasileios Gkinis, Helle Astrid Kjær, Tobias Erhardt, Sarah M. P. Berben, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Iben Koldtoft, and Sune Olander Rasmussen
Clim. Past, 16, 2359–2380, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2359-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2359-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present a first chronology for the East Greenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP) over the Holocene and last glacial termination. After field measurements and processing of the ice-core data, the GICC05 timescale is transferred from the NGRIP core to the EGRIP core by means of matching volcanic events and common patterns (381 match points) in the ECM and DEP records. The new timescale is named GICC05-EGRIP-1 and extends back to around 15 kyr b2k.
Jann Schrod, Dominik Kleinhenz, Maria Hörhold, Tobias Erhardt, Sarah Richter, Frank Wilhelms, Hubertus Fischer, Martin Ebert, Birthe Twarloh, Damiano Della Lunga, Camilla M. Jensen, Joachim Curtius, and Heinz G. Bingemer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12459–12482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12459-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12459-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations of the last 6 centuries are presented from an ice core in Greenland. The data are accompanied by physical and chemical aerosol data. INPs are correlated to the dust signal from the ice core and seem to follow the annual input of mineral dust. We find no clear trend in the INP concentration. However, modern-day concentrations are higher and more variable than the concentrations of the past. This might have significant atmospheric implications.
Cited articles
Abbott, P. M. and Davies, S. M. Volcanism and the Greenland ice-cores: the
tephra record, Earth-Sci. Rev., 115, 173–191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.09.001, 2012.
Abbott, P. M., Jensen, B. J. L., Lowe, D. J., Suzuki, T., and Veres, D.: Crossing new frontiers: extending tephrochronology as a global geoscientific research tool, J. Quaternary Sci., 35, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3184, 2020.
Adolphi, F. and Muscheler, R.: Synchronizing the Greenland ice core and radiocarbon timescales over the Holocene – Bayesian wiggle-matching of cosmogenic radionuclide records, Clim. Past, 12, 15–30, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-15-2016, 2016.
Adolphi, F., Bronk Ramsey, C., Erhardt, T., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Turney, C. S. M., Cooper, A., Svensson, A., Rasmussen, S. O., Fischer, H., and Muscheler, R.: Connecting the Greenland ice-core and
Ahlstrøm, A. P. and PROMICE project team: A new Programme for Monitoring the Mass Loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet, Geol. Surv. Den. Greenl., 15, 61–64, https://doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v15.5045, 2007.
Andersen, K. K., Svensson, A., Johnsen, S. J., Rasmussen, S. O., Bigler, M.,
Röthlisberger, R., Ruth, U., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., Peder Steffensen, J., Dahl-Jensen, D., Vinther, B. M., and Clausen, H. B.: The Greenland ice core chronology 2005, 15–42 ka. Part 1: constructing the time scale, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 25, 3246–3257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.08.002, 2006.
Baillie, M. G.: Proposed re-dating of the European ice core chronology by
seven years prior to the 7th century AD, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L15813, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034755, 2008.
Baillie, M. G.: Volcanoes, ice-cores and tree-rings: one story or two?, Antiquity, 84, 202–215, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00099877, 2010.
Barbante, C., Kehrwald, N. M., Marianelli, P., Vinther, B. M., Steffensen, J. P., Cozzi, G., Hammer, C. U., Clausen, H. B., and Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L.: Greenland ice core evidence of the 79 AD Vesuvius eruption, Clim. Past, 9, 1221–1232, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1221-2013, 2013.
Beer, J., Finkel, R. C., Bonani, G., Gäggeler, H., Görlach, U.,
Jacob, P., Klockow, D., Langway, C. C., Neftel, A., Oeschger, H., Schotterer, U., Schwander, J., Siegenthaler, U., Suter, M., Wagenbach, D., and Wölfli, W.: Seasonal variations in the concentration of 10Be, Cl−, NO
Bourne, A. J., Cook, E., Abbott, P. M., Seierstad, I. K., Steffensen, J. P.,
Svensson, A., Fischer, H., Schüpbach, S., and Davies, S. M.: A tephra lattice for Greenland and a reconstruction of volcanic events spanning 25–45 ka b2k, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 118, 122–141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.07.017, 2015.
Bronk Ramsey, C.: Radiocarbon dating: revolutions in understanding, Archaeometry, 50, 249–275, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2008.00394.x, 2008.
Büntgen, U., Allen, K., Anchukaitis, K. J., et al.: The influence of
decision-making in tree ring-based climate reconstructions, Nat. Commun., 12, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23627-6, 2021.
Clausen, H. B. and Hammer, C. U.: The Laki and Tambora eruptions as revealed in Greenland ice cores from 11 locations, Ann. Glaciol., 10,
16–22, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500004092, 1988.
Clausen, H. B., Hammer, C. U., Hvidberg, C. S., Dahl-Jensen, D., Steffensen,
J. P., Kipfstuhl, J., and Legrand, M.: A comparison of the volcanic records
over the past 4000 years from the Greenland Ice Core Project and Dye 3
Greenland ice cores, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 26707–26723, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JC00587, 1997.
Cook, E., Davies, S. M., Guðmundsdóttir, E. R., Abbott, P. M., and
Pearce, N. J.: First identification and characterization of Borrobol-type
tephra in the Greenland ice cores: new deposits and improved age estimates,
J. Quaternary Sci., 33, 212–224, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3016, 2018a.
Cook, E., Portnyagin, M., Ponomareva, V., Bazanova, L., Svensson, A., and
Garbe-Schönberg, D.: First identification of cryptotephra from the
Kamchatka Peninsula in a Greenland ice core: Implications of a widespread
marker deposit that links Greenland to the Pacific northwest, Quaternary
Sci. Rev., 181, 200–206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.11.036, 2018b.
Coulter, S. E., Pilcher, J. R., Plunkett, G., Baillie, M., Hall, V. A.,
Steffensen, J. P., Vinther, B. M., Clausen, H. B., and Johnsen, S. J.: Holocene tephras highlight complexity of volcanic signals in Greenland ice cores, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D21303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jd017698, 2012.
Dahl-Jensen, D., Gundestrup, N. S., Miller, H., Watanabe, O., Johnsen, S.
J., Steffensen, J. P., Clausen, H. B., Svensson, A., and Larsen, L. B.: The NorthGRIP deep drilling programme, Ann. Glaciol., 35, 1–4,
https://doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817275, 2002.
Dansgaard, W.: Stable isotopes in precipitation, Tellus, 16, 436–468, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v16i4.8993, 1964.
Dansgaard, W., Johnsen, S. J., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Gundestrup,
N. S., Hammer, C. U., Hvidberg, C. S., Steffensen, J. P., Sveinbjörnsdottir, A. E., Jouzel, J., and Bond, G.: Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250-kyr ice-core record, Nature, 364, 218–220, https://doi.org/10.1038/364218a0, 1993.
Erhardt, T., Jensen, C. M., Borovinskaya, O., and Fischer, H.: Single
particle characterization and total elemental concentration measurements in
polar ice using continuous flow analysis-inductively coupled plasma
time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 13275–13283, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03886, 2019.
Erhardt, T., Bigler, M., Federer, U., Gfeller, G., Leuenberger, D., Stowasser, O., Röthlisberger, R., Schüpbach, S., Ruth, U., Twarloh, B., Wegner, A., Goto-Azuma, K., Takayuki, K., Kjær, H. A., Vallelonga, P. T., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., Hansson, M. E., Benton, A. K., Fleet, L. G., Mulvaney, R., Thomas, E. R., Abram, N. J., Stocker, T. F., and Fischer, H.: High resolution aerosol concentration data from the Greenland NorthGRIP and NEEM deep ice cores, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.935838, 2021.
Erhardt, T., Bigler, M., Federer, U., Gfeller, G., Leuenberger, D., Stowasser, O., Röthlisberger, R., Schüpbach, S., Ruth, U., Twarloh, B., Wegner, A., Goto-Azuma, K., Kuramoto, T., Kjær, H. A., Vallelonga, P. T., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., Hansson, M. E., Benton, A. K., Fleet, L. G., Mulvaney, R., Thomas, E. R., Abram, N., Stocker, T. F., and Fischer, H.: High-resolution aerosol concentration data from the Greenland NorthGRIP and NEEM deep ice cores, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1215–1231, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1215-2022, 2022.
Faïn, X., Chappellaz, J., Rhodes, R. H., Stowasser, C., Blunier, T., McConnell, J. R., Brook, E. J., Preunkert, S., Legrand, M., Debois, T., and Romanini, D.: High resolution measurements of carbon monoxide along a late Holocene Greenland ice core: evidence for in situ production, Clim. Past, 10, 987–1000, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-987-2014, 2014.
Fiacco Jr., R. J., Thordarson, T., Germani, M. S., Self, S., Palais, J. M.,
Whitlow, S., and Grootes, P. M.: Atmospheric aerosol loading and transport
due to the 1783–84 Laki eruption in Iceland, interpreted from ash particles
and acidity in the GISP2 ice core, Quaternary Res., 42, 231–240, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1074, 1994.
Fischer, H., Werner, M., Wagenbach, D., Schwager, M., Thorsteinnson, T.,
Wilhelms, F., Kipfstuhl, J., and Sommer, S.: Little ice age clearly recorded in northern Greenland ice cores, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1749–1752, https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL01177, 1998.
Fischer, H., Schüpbach, S., Gfeller, G., Bigler, M., Röthlisberger,
R., Erhardt, T., Stocker, T. F., Mulvaney, R., and Wolff, E. W.: Millennial changes in North American wildfire and soil activity over the last glacial cycle, Nat. Geosci., 8, 723–727, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2495, 2015.
Fuhrer, K., Neftel, A., Anklin, M., Staffelbach, T., and Legrand, M.:
High-resolution ammonium ice core record covering a complete
glacial-interglacial cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 4147–4164, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD02903, 1996.
Fuhrer, K., Wolff, E. W., and Johnsen, S. J.: Timescales for dust
variability in the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) ice core in the last
100,000 years, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 31043–31052, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jd900929, 1999.
Gautier, E., Savarino, J., Erbland, J., Lanciki, A., and Possenti, P.: Variability of sulfate signal in ice core records based on five replicate cores, Clim. Past, 12, 103–113, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-103-2016, 2016.
Geng, L., Alexander, B., Cole-Dai, J., Steig, E. J., Savarino, J., Sofen, E. D., and Schauer, A. J.: Nitrogen isotopes in ice core nitrate linked to
anthropogenic atmospheric acidity change, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 5808–5812, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319441111, 2014.
Gerber, T. A., Hvidberg, C. S., Rasmussen, S. O., Franke, S., Sinnl, G., Grinsted, A., Jansen, D., and Dahl-Jensen, D.: Upstream flow effects revealed in the EastGRIP ice core using Monte Carlo inversion of a two-dimensional ice-flow model, The Cryosphere, 15, 3655–3679, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3655-2021, 2021.
Gfeller, G., Fischer, H., Bigler, M., Schüpbach, S., Leuenberger, D., and Mini, O.: Representativeness and seasonality of major ion records derived from NEEM firn cores, The Cryosphere, 8, 1855–1870, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1855-2014, 2014.
Gkinis, V., Simonsen, S. B., Buchardt, S. L., White, J. W. C., and Vinther, B. M.: Water isotope diffusion rates from the NorthGRIP ice core for the last 16 000 years – Glaciological and paleoclimatic implications, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 405, 132–141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.08.022, 2014.
Grieman, M. M., Aydin, M., Isaksson, E., Schwikowski, M., and Saltzman, E. S.: Aromatic acids in an Arctic ice core from Svalbard: a proxy record of biomass burning, Clim. Past, 14, 637–651, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-637-2018, 2018.
Grönvold, K., Óskarsson, N., Johnsen, S. J., Clausen, H. B., Hammer, C. U., Bond, G., and Bard, E.: Ash layers from Iceland in the Greenland GRIP ice core correlated with oceanic and land sediments, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 135, 149–155, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(95)00145-3, 1995.
Guillet, S., Corona, C., Ludlow, F., Oppenheimer, C., and Stoffel, M.: Climatic and societal impacts of a “forgotten” cluster of volcanic eruptions in 1108-1110 CE, Scientific reports, 10, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63339-3, 2020.
Hammer, C. U.: Acidity of polar ice cores in relation to absolute dating,
past volcanism, and radio–echoes, J. Glaciol., 25, 359–372,
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000015227, 1980.
Helama, S., Seppä, H., Bjune, A. E., and Birks, H. J.: Fusing
pollen-stratigraphic and dendroclimatic proxy data to reconstruct summer
temperature variability during the past 7.5 ka in subarctic Fennoscandia,
J. Paleolimnol., 48, 275–286, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-012-9598-1, 2012.
Herron, M. M.: Impurity sources of F−, Cl−, NO
Johnsen, S.: Stable isotope homogenization of polar firn and ice, in: Proc. of Symp. on Isotopes and Impurities in Snow and Ice, Int. Ass. of Hydrol. Sci., Commission of Snow and Ice, I.U.G.G. XVI, General Assembly, Grenoble,
August–September 1975, IAHS-AISH Publ., 388–392,
http://hydrologie.org/redbooks/a118/iahs_118_0210.pdf (last access: 19 April 2022), 1977.
Johnsen, S. J., Dansgaard, W., and White, J. W.: The origin of Arctic
precipitation under present and glacial conditions, Tellus B, 41, 452–468,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.1989.tb00321.x, 1989.
Johnsen, S. J., Clausen, H. B., Dansgaard, W., Fuhrer, K., Gundestrup, N.,
Hammer, C. U., Iversen, P., Jouzel, J., Stauffer, B., and Steffensen, J. P.: Irregular glacial interstadials recorded in a new Greenland ice core, Nature, 359, 311–313, https://doi.org/10.1038/359311a0, 1992.
Johnsen, S. J., Clausen, H. B., Cuffey, K. M., Hoffmann, G., Schwander, J., and Creyts, T. (2000). Diffusion of stable isotopes in polar firn and ice: the isotope effect in firn diffusion, in: Physics of ice core records, edited by: Hondoh, T., Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo, 121–140, https://doi.org/10.7916/D8KW5D4X, 2000.
Johnsen, S. J., Dahl-Jensen, D., Gundestrup, N., Steffensen, J. P., Clausen, H. B., Miller, H., Masson-Delmotte, V., Sveinbjörnsdottir, A. E., and White, J.: Oxygen isotope and palaeotemperature records from six Greenland ice-core stations: Camp Century, Dye-3, GRIP, GISP2, Renland and NorthGRIP, J. Quaternary Sci., 16, 299–307, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.622, 2001.
Jouzel, J., Alley, R. B., Cuffey, K. M., Dansgaard, W., Grootes, P., Hoffmann, G., Johnsen, S. J., Koster, R. D., Peel, D., Shuman, C. A., Stievenard, M., Stuiver, M., and White, J.: Validity of the temperature reconstruction from water isotopes in ice cores, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 26471–26487, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JC01283, 1997.
Kaufmann, P. R., Federer, U., Hutterli, M. A., Bigler, M., Schüpbach, S., Ruth, U., Schmitt, J., and Stocker, T. F.: An improved continuous flow analysis system for high-resolution field measurements on ice cores, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 8044–8050, https://doi.org/10.1021/es8007722, 2008.
Laepple, T., Münch, T., Casado, M., Hoerhold, M., Landais, A., and Kipfstuhl, S.: On the similarity and apparent cycles of isotopic variations in East Antarctic snow pits, The Cryosphere, 12, 169–187, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-169-2018, 2018.
Langway, C. C., Oeschger, H., and Dansgaard Jr., W.: The Greenland Ice Sheet Program in perspective, American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., 33, 5–8, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM033p0001, 1985.
Lavigne, F., Degeai, J. P., Komorowski, J. C., Guillet, S., Robert, V.,
Lahitte, P., Oppenheimer, C., Stoffel, M., Vidal, C. M., Surono, Pratomo, I., Wassmer, P., Hajdas, I., Hadmoko, D. S., and de Belizal, E.: Source of the great AD 1257 mystery eruption unveiled, Samalas volcano, Rinjani Volcanic Complex, Indonesia, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 16742–16747, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1307520110, 2013.
Legrand, M., McConnell, J., Fischer, H., Wolff, E. W., Preunkert, S., Arienzo, M., Chellman, N., Leuenberger, D., Maselli, O., Place, P., Sigl, M., Schüpbach, S., and Flannigan, M.: Boreal fire records in Northern Hemisphere ice cores: a review, Clim. Past, 12, 2033–2059, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2033-2016, 2016.
Lin, J., Svensson, A., Hvidberg, C. S., Lohmann, J., Kristiansen, S., Dahl-Jensen, D., Steffensen, J. P., Rasmussen, S. O., Cook, E., Kjær, H. A., Vinther, B. M., Fischer, H., Stocker, T., Sigl, M., Bigler, M., Severi, M., Traversi, R., and Mulvaney, R.: Magnitude, frequency and climate forcing of global volcanism during the last glacial period as seen in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores (60–9 ka), Clim. Past, 18, 485–506, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-485-2022, 2021.
Lohne, Ø. S., Mangerud, J. A. N., and Birks, H. H.: Precise 14C ages of the Vedde and Saksunarvatn ashes and the Younger Dryas boundaries from western Norway and their comparison with the Greenland Ice Core (GICC05) chronology, J. Quaternary Sci., 28, 490–500, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2640, 2013.
McAneney, J. and Baillie, M.: Absolute tree-ring dates for the Late Bronze
Age eruptions of Aniakchak and Thera in light of a proposed revision of
ice-core chronologies, Antiquity, 93, 99–112, https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2018.165, 2019.
McConnell, R. J., Wilson, A. I., Stohl, A., Arienzo, M. M., Chellman, N. J.,
Eckhardt, S., Thompson, E. M., Pollard, A. M., and Steffensen, J. P.: Lead pollution recorded in Greenland ice indicates European emissions tracked plagues, wars, and imperial expansion during antiquity, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 5726–5731, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721818115, 2018.
McConnell, J. R., Sigl, M., Plunkett, G., Burke, A., Kim, W. M., Raible, C.
C., Wilson, A. I., Manning, J. G., Ludlow, F., Chellman, N. J., Innes, H. M., Yang, Z., Larsen, Jessica F., Schaefer, J. R., Kipfstuhl, S., Mojtabavi, S., Wilhelms, F., Opel, T., Meyer, H., and Steffensen, J. P.: Extreme climate after massive eruption of Alaska's Okmok volcano in 43 BCE and effects on the late Roman Republic and Ptolemaic Kingdom, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117, 15443–15449, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002722117, 2020.
McGwire, K. C., McConnell, J. R., Alley, R. B., Banta, J. R., Hargreaves, G.
M., and Taylor, K. C.: Dating annual layers of a shallow Antarctic ice core
with an optical scanner, J. Glaciol., 54, 831–838, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214308787780021, 2008.
Meese, D. A., Gow, A. J., Alley, R. B., Zielinski, G. A., Grootes, P. M.,
Ram, M., Taylor, K. C., Mayewski, P. A., and Bolzan, J. F.: The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 depth-age scale: methods and results, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 26411–26423, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JC00269, 1997.
Mekhaldi, F., Muscheler, R., Adolphi, F., Aldahan, A., Beer, J., McConnell,
J. R., Possnert, G., Sigl, M., Svensson, A., Synal, H.-A., Welten, K. C., and Woodruff, T. E.: Multiradionuclide evidence for the solar origin of the cosmic-ray events of AD 774/5 and 993/4, Nat. Commun., 6, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9611, 2015.
Mojtabavi, S., Wilhelms, F., Cook, E., Davies, S. M., Sinnl, G., Skov Jensen, M., Dahl-Jensen, D., Svensson, A., Vinther, B. M., Kipfstuhl, S., Jones, G., Karlsson, N. B., Faria, S. H., Gkinis, V., Kjær, H. A., Erhardt, T., Berben, S. M. P., Nisancioglu, K. H., Koldtoft, I., and Rasmussen, S. O.: A first chronology for the East Greenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP) over the Holocene and last glacial termination, Clim. Past, 16, 2359–2380, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2359-2020, 2020a.
Mojtabavi, S., Wilhelms, F., Cook, E., Davies, S. M., Sinnl, G., Skov Jensen, M., Dahl-Jensen, D., Svensson, A. M., Vinther, B. M., Kipfstuhl, S., Karlsson, N. B., Faria, S. H., Gkinis, V., Kjær, H. A., Erhardt, T., Berben, S. M P, Nisancioglu, K. H., Koldtoft, I., and Rasmussen, S. O.: Chronology for the East GReenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP), PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922139, 2020b.
Mojtabavi, S., Wilhelms, F., Cook, E., Davies, S. M., Sinnl, G., Skov Jensen, M., Dahl-Jensen, D., Svensson, A. M., Vinther, B. M., Kipfstuhl, S., Karlsson, N. B., Faria, S. H., Gkinis, V., Kjær, H. A., Erhardt, T., Berben, S. M. P., Nisancioglu, K. H., Koldtoft, I., and Rasmussen, S. O.: Specific conductivity measured with the dielectric profiling (DEP) technique on the NEEM ice core (down to 1493.295 m depth), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922193, 2020c.
Mojtabavi, S., Wilhelms, F., Cook, E., Davies, S. M., Sinnl, G., Skov Jensen, M., Dahl-Jensen, D., Svensson, A. M., Vinther, B. M., Kipfstuhl, S., Karlsson, N. B., Faria, S. H., Gkinis, V., Kjær, H. A., Erhardt, T., Berben, S. M. P., Nisancioglu, K. H., Koldtoft, I., and Rasmussen, S. O.: Specific conductivity measured with the dielectric profiling (DEP) technique on the NGRIP1 ice core (down to 1371.69 m depth), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922191, 2020d.
Mojtabavi, S., Eisen, O., Franke, S., Jansen, D., Steinhage, D., Paden, J. D., Dahl-Jensen, D., Weikusat, I., Eichler, J., and Wilhelms, F.: Specific conductivity measured with the dielectric profiling (DEP) technique on the NGRIP2 ice core (down to 1298.525 m depth), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922306, 2020e.
Mosley-Thompson, E., McConnell, J. R., Bales, R. C., Li, Z., Lin, P. N.,
Steffen, K., Thompson, L. G., Edwards, R., and Bathke, D.: Local to regional-scale variability of annual net accumulation on the Greenland ice sheet from PARCA cores, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 33839–33851, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900067, 2001.
Muscheler, R., Beer, J., Wagner, G., Laj, C., Kissel, C., Raisbeck, G. M., Yiou, F., and Kubik, P. W.: Changes in the carbon cycle during the last
deglaciation as indicated by the comparison of 10Be and 14C records, Earth
Planet. Sc. Lett., 219, 325–340, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(03)00722-2, 2004.
Muscheler, R., Beer, J., Kubik, P. W., and Synal, H.-A.: Geomagnetic field
intensity during the last 60,000 years based on 10Be and 36Cl from the Summit ice cores and 14C, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 1849–1860, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.01.012, 2005.
Muscheler, R.: 14C and 10Be around 1650 cal BC, in: Time’s Up! – Dating the Minoan Eruption of Santorini, Acts of the Minoan Eruption Chronology Workshop, Sandbjerg November 2007, edited by: Heinemeier, J. and Friedrich, W., Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens, Bd. 10, Aarhus University Press, 275–284, ISBN 978-87-7934-024-4, 2009.
Muscheler, R., Adolphi, F., and Knudsen, M.: Assessing the differences
between the IntCal and Greenland ice-core time scales for the last 14,000
years via the common cosmogenic radionuclide variations, Quaternary Sci.
Rev., 106, 81–87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.08.017, 2014.
Muscheler, R., Adolphi, F., Heaton, T. J., Ramsey, C. B., Svensson, A., Van
Der Plicht, J., and Reimer, P. J.: Testing and improving the IntCal20
calibration curve with independent records, Radiocarbon, 62, 1079–1094,
https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2020.54, 2020.
Nakagawa, T., Tarasov, P., Staff, R., Ramsey, C. B., Marshall, M.,
Schlolaut, G., Bryant, C., Brauer, A., Lamb, H., Haraguchi, T., Gotanda, K., Kitaba, I., Kitagawa, H., van der Plicht, J., Yonenobu, H., Omori, T., Yokoyama, Y., Tada, R., and Yasuda, Y.: The spatio-temporal structure of the Lateglacial to early Holocene transition reconstructed from the pollen
record of Lake Suigetsu and its precise correlation with other key global
archives: Implications for palaeoclimatology and archaeology, Global Planet. Change, 202, 103493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103493, 2021.
NEEM community members: Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a
Greenland folded ice core, Nature, 493, 489–494, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11789, 2013.
Neff, P. D.: A review of the brittle ice zone in polar ice cores, Ann.
Glaciol., 55, 72–82, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014AoG68A023, 2014.
Neftel, A., Moor, E., Oeschger, H., and Stauffer, B.: Evidence from polar
ice cores for the increase in atmospheric CO2 in the past two
centuries, Nature, 315, 45–47, https://doi.org/10.1038/315045a0, 1985.
North Greenland Ice Core Project members: High resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period, Nature, 431, 147–151, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02805, 2004.
O'Hare, P., Mekhaldi, F., Adolphi, F., Raisbeck, G., Aldahan, A., Anderberg, E., Beer, J., Christl, M., Fahrni, S., Synal, H.-A., Park, J., Possnert, G., Southon, J., Bard, E., ASTER Team, and Muscheler, R.: Multiradionuclide evidence for an extreme solar proton event around 2,610 B.P. (∼660 BC), P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 5961–5966, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815725116, 2019.
Palais, J. M., Taylor, K., Mayewski, P. A., and Grootes, P.: Volcanic ash
from the 1362 AD Oraefajokull eruption (Iceland) in the Greenland ice
sheet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1241–1244, https://doi.org/10.1029/91GL01557, 1991.
Palais, J. M., Germani, M. S., and Zielinski, G. A.: Inter-hemispheric
transport of volcanic ash from a 1259 AD volcanic eruption to the Greenland
and Antarctic ice sheets, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 801–804,
https://doi.org/10.1029/92GL00240, 1992.
Park, J., Southon, J., Fahrni, S., Creasman, P., and Mewaldt, R.: Relationship between solar activity and Δ14C peaks in AD 775, AD
994, and 660 BC, Radiocarbon, 59, 1147–1156, https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2017.59,
2017.
Pearce, N. J., Westgate, J. A., Preece, S. J., Eastwood, W. J., and
Perkins, W. T.: Identification of Aniakchak (Alaska) tephra in Greenland ice core challenges the 1645 BC date for Minoan eruption of Santorini,
Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 5, Q03005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gc000672, 2004.
Pearson, C., Salzer, M., Wacker, L., Brewer, P., Sookdeo, A., and Kuniholm,
P.: Securing timelines in the ancient Mediterranean using multiproxy annual
tree-ring data, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117, 8410–8415, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917445117, 2020.
Pedro, J. B., Jochum, M., Buizert, C., He, F., Barker, S., and Rasmussen,
S. O.: Beyond the bipolar seesaw: Toward a process understanding of
interhemispheric coupling, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 192, 27–46,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.05.005, 2018.
Plunkett, G., Sigl, M., Schwaiger, H. F., Tomlinson, E. L., Toohey, M., McConnell, J. R., Pilcher, J. R., Hasegawa, T., and Siebe, C.: No evidence for tephra in Greenland from the historic eruption of Vesuvius in 79 CE: implications for geochronology and paleoclimatology, Clim. Past, 18, 45–65, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-45-2022, 2022.
Qiao, J., Colgan, W., Jakobs, G., and Nielsen, S.: High-Resolution Tritium
Profile in an Ice Core from Camp Century, Greenland, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 13638–13645, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01975, 2021.
Rasmussen, S. O., Andersen, K. K., Svensson, A. M., Steffensen, J. P.,
Vinther, B. M., Clausen, H. B., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., Johnsen, S. J., Larsen, L. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Bigler, M., Röthlisberger, R., Fischer, H., Goto-Azuma, K., Hansson, M. E., and Ruth, U.: A new Greenland ice core
chronology for the last glacial termination, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D06102, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006079, 2006.
Rasmussen, S. O., Seierstad, I. K., Andersen, K. K., Bigler, M.,
Dahl-Jensen, D., and Johnsen, S. J.: Synchronization of the NGRIP, GRIP, and GISP2 ice cores across MIS 2 and palaeoclimatic implications, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 27, 18–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.01.016, 2008.
Rasmussen, S. O., Abbott, P. M., Blunier, T., Bourne, A. J., Brook, E., Buchardt, S. L., Buizert, C., Chappellaz, J., Clausen, H. B., Cook, E., Dahl-Jensen, D., Davies, S. M., Guillevic, M., Kipfstuhl, S., Laepple, T., Seierstad, I. K., Severinghaus, J. P., Steffensen, J. P., Stowasser, C., Svensson, A., Vallelonga, P., Vinther, B. M., Wilhelms, F., and Winstrup, M.: A first chronology for the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core, Clim. Past, 9, 2713–2730, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2713-2013, 2013a.
Rasmussen, S. O., Abbott, P. M., Blunier, T., Bourne, M., Brook, E. J., Buchardt, S. L., Buizert, C., Chappellaz, J. A., Clausen, H. B., Cook, E., Dahl-Jensen, D., Davies, S. M., Guillevic, M., Kipfstuhl, S., Laepple, T., Seierstad, I. K., Severinghaus, J. P., Steffensen, J. P., Stowasser, C., Svensson, A. M., Vallelonga, P. T., Vinther, B. M., Wilhelms, F., and Winstrup, M.: Specific conductivity and hydrogen ions measured on two ice core (NEEM and NGRIP), PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.831528, 2013b.
Rasmussen, S. O., Abbott, P. M., Blunier, T., Bourne, A. J., Brook, E. J., Buchardt, S. L., Buizert, C., Chappellaz, J. A., Clausen, H. B., Cook, E., Dahl-Jensen, D., Davies, S. M., Guillevic, M., Kipfstuhl, S., Laepple, T., Seierstad, I. K., Severinghaus, J., Steffensen, J. P., Stowasser, C., Svensson, A. M., Vallelonga, P., Vinther, B. M., Wilhelms, F., and Winstrup, M.: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - NEEM Ice Core NEEM-1 Time Scale, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/gab6-fa09, 2013c.
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey,
C. B., Buck, C. E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Haflidason, H., Hajdas, I., Hatté, C., Heaton, T. J., Hoffmann, D. L., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, Konrad A., Kaiser, K. F., Kromer, B., Manning, S. W., Niu, M., Reimer, R. W., Richards, D. A., Scott, E. M., Southon, J. R., Staff, R. A., Turney, C. S. M., and Van Der Plicht, J.: IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50,000 years cal BP, Radiocarbon, 55, 1869–1887 https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16947, 2013.
Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E., Bard, E., et al.: The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP), Radiocarbon, 62, 725–757, https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2020.41, 2020.
Rhodes, R. H., Yang, X., and Wolff, E. W.: Sea ice versus storms: what
controls sea salt in arctic ice cores?, Geophys. Res. Let., 45, 5572–5580, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl077403, 2018.
Robock, A. and Free, M. P.: Ice cores as an index of global volcanism from
1850 to the present, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 11549–11567, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD00825, 1995.
Röthlisberger, R., Mulvaney, R., Wolff, E. W., Hutterli, M. A., Bigler,
M., Sommer, S., and Jouzel, J.: Dust and sea salt variability in central
East Antarctica (Dome C) over the last 45 kyrs and its implications for
southern high-latitude climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1963,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015186, 2002.
Sakurai, H., Tokanai, F., Miyake, F., Horiuchi, K., Masuda, K., Miyahara,
H., Ohyama, M., Sakamoto, M., Mitsutani, T., and Moriya, T.: Prolonged production of 14C during the ∼660 BCE solar proton event from Japanese tree rings, Sci. Rep., 10, 660, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-57273-2, 2020.
Salzer, M. W. and Hughes, M. K.: Bristlecone pine tree rings and volcanic
eruptions over the last 5000 yr, Quaternary Res., 67, 57–68,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.07.004, 2007.
Seierstad, I. K., Abbott, P. M., Bigler, M., Blunier, T., Bourne, A. J.,
Brook, E., Buchardt, S. L., Buizert, C., Clausen, Henrik B., Cook, E., Dahl-Jensen, D., Davies, S. M., Guillevic, M., Johnsen, S. J., Pedersen, D. S., Popp, T. J., Rasmussen, S. O., Severinghaus, J. P., Svensson, A., and Vinther, B. M.: Consistently dated records from the Greenland GRIP, GISP2 and NGRIP ice cores for the past 104 ka reveal regional millennial-scale δ18O gradients with possible Heinrich event imprint, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 106, 29–46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.032, 2014.
Sigl, M., McConnell, J. R., Layman, L., Maselli, O., McGwire, K., Pasteris,
D., Dahl-Jensen, D., Steffensen, J. P., Vinther, B., Edwards, R., Mulvaney, R., and Kipfstuhl, S.: A new bipolar ice core record of volcanism from WAIS
Divide and NEEM and implications for climate forcing of the last 2000 years, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 1151–1169, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jd018603, 2013.
Sigl, M., Winstrup, M., McConnell, J. R., Welten, K. C., Plunkett, G.,
Ludlow, F., Büntgen, U., Caffee, M., Chellman, N., Dahl-Jensen, D., Fischer, H., Kipfstuhl, S., Kostick, C., Maselli, O. J., Mekhaldi, F., Mulvaney, R., Muscheler, R., Pasteris, D. R., Pilcher, J. R., Salzer, M., Schüpbach, S., Steffensen, J. P., Vinther, B. M., and Woodruff, T. E.: Timing and climate forcing of volcanic eruptions for the past 2,500 years, Nature, 523, 543–549, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14565, 2015.
Sigl, M., Fudge, T. J., Winstrup, M., Cole-Dai, J., Ferris, D., McConnell, J. R., Taylor, K. C., Welten, K. C., Woodruff, T. E., Adolphi, F., Bisiaux, M., Brook, E. J., Buizert, C., Caffee, M. W., Dunbar, N. W., Edwards, R., Geng, L., Iverson, N., Koffman, B., Layman, L., Maselli, O. J., McGwire, K., Muscheler, R., Nishiizumi, K., Pasteris, D. R., Rhodes, R. H., and Sowers, T. A.: The WAIS Divide deep ice core WD2014 chronology – Part 2: Annual-layer counting (0–31 ka BP), Clim. Past, 12, 769–786, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-769-2016, 2016.
Sjolte, J., Sturm, C., Adolphi, F., Vinther, B. M., Werner, M., Lohmann, G., and Muscheler, R.: Solar and volcanic forcing of North Atlantic climate inferred from a process-based reconstruction, Clim. Past, 14, 1179–1194, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1179-2018, 2018.
Smith, C. L., Fairchild, I. J., Spötl, C., Frisia, S., Borsato, A.,
Moreton, S. G., and Wynn, P. M.: Chronology building using objective
identification of annual signals in trace element profiles of
stalagmites, Quat. Geochronol., 4, 11–21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.06.005, 2009.
Sun, C., Plunkett, G., Liu, J., Zhao, H., Sigl, M., McConnell, J. R., Pilcher, J. R., Vinther, B., Steffensen, J. P., and Hall, V.: Ash from Changbaishan Millennium eruption recorded in Greenland ice: implications for determining the eruption's timing and impact, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 694–701, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058642, 2014.
Svensson, A., Andersen, K. K., Bigler, M., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Davies, S. M., Johnsen, S. J., Muscheler, R., Parrenin, F., Rasmussen, S. O., Röthlisberger, R., Seierstad, I., Steffensen, J. P., and Vinther, B. M.: A 60 000 year Greenland stratigraphic ice core chronology, Clim. Past, 4, 47–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-4-47-2008, 2008.
Svensson, A., Dahl-Jensen, D., Steffensen, J. P., Blunier, T., Rasmussen, S. O., Vinther, B. M., Vallelonga, P., Capron, E., Gkinis, V., Cook, E., Kjær, H. A., Muscheler, R., Kipfstuhl, S., Wilhelms, F., Stocker, T. F., Fischer, H., Adolphi, F., Erhardt, T., Sigl, M., Landais, A., Parrenin, F., Buizert, C., McConnell, J. R., Severi, M., Mulvaney, R., and Bigler, M.: Bipolar volcanic synchronization of abrupt climate change in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores during the last glacial period, Clim. Past, 16, 1565–1580, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1565-2020, 2020.
Taylor, K., Alley, R., Fiacco, J., Grootes, P., Lamorey, G., Mayewski, P.,
and Spencer, M.: Ice-core dating and chemistry by direct-current electrical
conductivity, J. Glaciol., 38, 325–332,
https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000002215, 1992.
Taylor, K. C., Lamorey, G. W., Doyle, G. A., Alley, R. B., Grootes, P. M.,
Mayewski, P. A., White, J. W. C., and Barlow, L. K.: The 'flickering switch' of late Pleistocene climate change, Nature, 361, 432–436, https://doi.org/10.1038/361432a0, 1993.
Torbenson, M. C., Plunkett, G., Brown, D. M., Pilcher, J. R., and
Leuschner, H. H.: Asynchrony in key Holocene chronologies: Evidence from
Irish bog pines, Geology, 43, 799–802, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36914.1, 2015.
Vidal, C. M., Métrich, N., Komorowski, J.-C., Pratomo, I., Michel, A.,
Kartadinata, N., Robert, V., and Lavigne, F.: The 1257 Samalas eruption
Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era, Sci. Rep., 6, 34868, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34868, 2016.
Vinther, B. M., Johnsen, S. J., Andersen, K. K., Clausen, H. B., and
Hansen, A. W.: NAO signal recorded in the stable isotopes of Greenland ice
cores, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1387, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016193, 2003.
Vinther, B. M., Clausen, H. B., Johnsen, S. J., Rasmussen, S. O., Andersen, K. K., Buchardt, S. L., Dahl-Jensen, D., Seierstad, I. K., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., Steffensen, J. P., Svensson, A., Olsen, J., and Heinemeier, J.: A synchronized dating of three Greenland ice cores throughout the Holocene, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D13102, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006921, 2006.
Vinther, B. M., Buchardt, S. L., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Johnsen,
S. J., Fisher, D. A., Koerner, R. M., Raynaud, D., Lipenkov, V., Andersen, K. K., Blunier, T., Rasmussen, S. O., Steffensen, J. P., and Svensson, A. M.: Holocene thinning of the Greenland ice sheet, Nature, 461, 385–388,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08355, 2009.
Vinther, B. M., Jones, P. D., Briffa, K. R., Clausen, H. B., Andersen, K.
K., Dahl-Jensen, D., and Johnsen, S. J.: Climatic signals in multiple highly resolved stable isotope records from Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 522–538, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.002, 2010.
WAIS Divide Project Members: Precise interpolar phasing of abrupt climate
change during the last ice age, Nature, 520, 661–665,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14401, 2015.
Walker, M. J., Berkelhammer, M., Björck, S., Cwynar, L. C., Fisher, D.
A., Long, A. J., Lowe, J. J., Newnham, R. M., Rasmussen, S. O., and Weiss, H.: Formal subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch: a Discussion Paper by a Working Group of INTIMATE (Integration of ice-core, marine and terrestrial records) and the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (International Commission on Stratigraphy), J. Quaternary Sci., 27, 649–659, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2565, 2012.
Warming, E., Svensson, A., Vallelonga, P., and Bigler, M.: A technique for
continuous detection of drill liquid in ice cores, J. Glaciol., 59, 503–506, https://doi.org/10.3189/2013JoG12J124, 2013.
Westhoff, J., Sinnl, G., Svensson, A., Freitag, J., Kjær, H. A., Vallelonga, P., Vinther, B., Kipfstuhl, S., Dahl-Jensen, D., and Weikusat, I.: Melt in the Greenland EastGRIP ice core reveals Holocene warming events, Clim. Past Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-89, in review, 2021.
Whitlow, S., Mayewski, P. A., and Dibb, J. E.: A comparison of major
chemical species seasonal concentration and accumulation at the South Pole
and Summit, Greenland, Atmos. Environ. A-Gen., 26, 2045–2054, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(92)90089-4, 1992.
Wilhelms, F., Kipfstuhl, J., Miller, H., Heinloth, K., and Firestone, J.:
Precise dielectric profiling of ice cores: a new device with improved
guarding and its theory, J. Glaciol., 44, 171–174,
https://doi.org/10.3189/S002214300000246X, 1998.
Winstrup, M.: An automated method for annual layer counting in ice cores: and an application to visual stratigraphy data from the ngrip ice core, Doctoral dissertation, Københavns Universitet, Niels Bohr Institutet, 2011.
Winstrup, M.: A Hidden Markov Model Approach to Infer Timescales for
High-Resolution Climate Archives, Proceedings of the 30th AAAI Conference on
Artificial Intelligence and the 28th Innovative Applications of Artificial
Intelligence Conference, Phoenix, Arizona USA, 12–17 February 2016, Vol.
VI, 4053, 8 pp.,
https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/19084 (last access: 19 April 2022), 2016.
Winstrup, M., Svensson, A. M., Rasmussen, S. O., Winther, O., Steig, E. J., and Axelrod, A. E.: An automated approach for annual layer counting in ice cores, Clim. Past, 8, 1881–1895, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1881-2012, 2012.
Zdanowicz, C. M., Proemse, B. C., Edwards, R., Feiteng, W., Hogan, C. M., Kinnard, C., and Fisher, D.: Historical black carbon deposition in the Canadian High Arctic: a >250-year long ice-core record from Devon Island, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12345–12361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12345-2018, 2018.
Zielinski, G. A., Mayewski, P. A., Meeker, L. D., Whitlow, S., Twickler, M.
S., Morrison, M., Meese, D. A., Gow, A. J., and Alley, R. B.: Record of volcanism since 7000 BC from the GISP2 Greenland ice core and implications for the volcano-climate system, Science, 264, 948–952, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.264.5161.948, 1994.
Zielinski, G. A., Germani, M. S., Larsen, G., Baillie, M. G., Whitlow, S.,
Twickler, M. S., and Taylor, K.: Evidence of the Eldgjá (Iceland)
eruption in the GISP2 Greenland ice core: relationship to eruption processes
and climatic conditions in the tenth century, The Holocene, 5, 129–140,
https://doi.org/10.1177/095968369500500201, 1995.
Zielinski, G. A., Mayewski, P. A., Meeker, L. D., Grönvold, K., Germani,
M. S., Whitlow, S., Twickler, M. S., and Taylor, K.: Volcanic aerosol records and tephrochronology of the Summit, Greenland, ice cores, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 26625–26640, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JC03547, 1997.
Download
The requested paper has a corresponding corrigendum published. Please read the corrigendum first before downloading the article.
- Article
(3414 KB) - Full-text XML
- Corrigendum
-
Supplement
(4783 KB) - BibTeX
- EndNote
Short summary
A new Greenland ice-core timescale, covering the last 3800 years, was produced using the machine learning algorithm StratiCounter. We synchronized the ice cores using volcanic eruptions and wildfires. We compared the new timescale to the tree-ring timescale, finding good alignment both between the common signatures of volcanic eruptions and of solar activity. Our Greenlandic timescales is safe to use for the Late Holocene, provided one uses our uncertainty estimate.
A new Greenland ice-core timescale, covering the last 3800 years, was produced using the machine...
