In this review article we present Svalbard’s unique geological archive, revealing its climate history over the last 540 million years. We uncover how this Arctic region recorded key global events, including end Permian mass extinction, and climate crises like the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. The overall climate trend recorded in sedimentary successions in Svalbard is discussed in context of global climate fluctuations and continuous drift of Svalbard from near equator to Arctic latitudes.