Articles | Volume 18, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1125-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1125-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 May 2022
Research article |
| 24 May 2022
| 24 May 2022
A multi-ice-core, annual-layer-counted Greenland ice-core chronology for the last 3800 years: GICC21
Physics of Ice, Climate, and Earth, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Mai Winstrup
DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
Tobias Erhardt
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger
Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Eliza Cook
Physics of Ice, Climate, and Earth, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Camilla Marie Jensen
Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger
Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Anders Svensson
Physics of Ice, Climate, and Earth, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Bo Møllesøe Vinther
Physics of Ice, Climate, and Earth, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Raimund Muscheler
Quaternary Sciences, Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Sune Olander Rasmussen
Physics of Ice, Climate, and Earth, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cited
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Linking crystallographic orientation and ice stream dynamics: evidence from the EastGRIP ice core N. Stoll et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3805-2025
- Atmospheric radiocarbon levels were highly variable during the last deglaciation S. Talamo et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00929-9
- Volcanism and the Greenland ice cores: A new tephrochronological framework for the last glacial-interglacial transition (LGIT) based on cryptotephra deposits in three ice cores E. Cook et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107596
- SE‐Dome II Ice Core Dating With Half‐Year Precision: Increasing Melting Events From 1799 to 2020 in Southeastern Greenland K. Kawakami et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD038874
- A record of volcanic eruptions over the past 2,200 years from Vostok firn cores, central East Antarctica A. Veres et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1075739
- Identification of tephra horizons in a glacier on the Ushkovsky volcano (Kamchatka) N. Gorbach et al. https://doi.org/10.31857/S2076673424010053
- Ice-core data used for the construction of the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 and 2021 (GICC05 and GICC21) S. Rasmussen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3351-2023
- An overview of the calendar year timelines used in quaternary science and human history, with special reference to sub-annual dating S. Helama https://doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2026.919
- Pan-European atmospheric lead pollution, enhanced blood lead levels, and cognitive decline from Roman-era mining and smelting J. McConnell et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419630121
- Climate field reconstructions for the North Atlantic region of annual and seasonal resolution spanning CE 1241–1970 J. Sjolte & Q. Tao https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-915-2026
- Timing and structure of the short-lived Dansgaard-Oeschger 6 event in the Asian monsoon system Q. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112953
- The significance of volcanic ash in Greenland ice cores during the Common Era G. Plunkett et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107936
- The influence of climate change on the $$\delta ^{18}\text {O}$$ and $$\delta ^{2}$$H signatures of meteoric waters in Europe and North America O. Weisser et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-024-02137-6
- High-resolution aerosol data from the top 3.8 kyr of the East Greenland Ice coring Project (EGRIP) ice core T. Erhardt et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5079-2023
- Decadal-to-centennial increases of volcanic aerosols from Iceland challenge the concept of a Medieval Quiet Period I. Gabriel et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01350-6
- A new, ~4500‐year varve record and high‐resolution tephrochronology from lake Hämälänlampi, eastern Finland, provides age constraints for the Furnas C and the Glen Garry/Askja A‐2000 eruptions M. Kalliokoski et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.70079
- Reconstruction of mass balance and firn stratigraphy during the 1996–2011 warm period at high altitude on Mount Ortles, Eastern Alps: a comparison of modelled and ice core results L. Carturan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3443-2025
- Mercury accumulation over the Holocene revealed from a Greenlandic ice core Z. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea0517
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- High-resolution analyses of concentrations and sizes of refractory black carbon particles deposited in northwestern Greenland over the past 350 years – Part 2: Seasonal and temporal trends in refractory black carbon originated from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning K. Goto-Azuma et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-657-2025
- Linking crystallographic orientation and ice stream dynamics: evidence from the EastGRIP ice core N. Stoll et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3805-2025
- Atmospheric radiocarbon levels were highly variable during the last deglaciation S. Talamo et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00929-9
- Volcanism and the Greenland ice cores: A new tephrochronological framework for the last glacial-interglacial transition (LGIT) based on cryptotephra deposits in three ice cores E. Cook et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107596
- SE‐Dome II Ice Core Dating With Half‐Year Precision: Increasing Melting Events From 1799 to 2020 in Southeastern Greenland K. Kawakami et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD038874
- A record of volcanic eruptions over the past 2,200 years from Vostok firn cores, central East Antarctica A. Veres et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1075739
- Identification of tephra horizons in a glacier on the Ushkovsky volcano (Kamchatka) N. Gorbach et al. https://doi.org/10.31857/S2076673424010053
- Ice-core data used for the construction of the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 and 2021 (GICC05 and GICC21) S. Rasmussen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3351-2023
- An overview of the calendar year timelines used in quaternary science and human history, with special reference to sub-annual dating S. Helama https://doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2026.919
- Pan-European atmospheric lead pollution, enhanced blood lead levels, and cognitive decline from Roman-era mining and smelting J. McConnell et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419630121
- Climate field reconstructions for the North Atlantic region of annual and seasonal resolution spanning CE 1241–1970 J. Sjolte & Q. Tao https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-915-2026
- Timing and structure of the short-lived Dansgaard-Oeschger 6 event in the Asian monsoon system Q. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112953
- The significance of volcanic ash in Greenland ice cores during the Common Era G. Plunkett et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107936
- The influence of climate change on the $$\delta ^{18}\text {O}$$ and $$\delta ^{2}$$H signatures of meteoric waters in Europe and North America O. Weisser et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-024-02137-6
- High-resolution aerosol data from the top 3.8 kyr of the East Greenland Ice coring Project (EGRIP) ice core T. Erhardt et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5079-2023
- Decadal-to-centennial increases of volcanic aerosols from Iceland challenge the concept of a Medieval Quiet Period I. Gabriel et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01350-6
- A new, ~4500‐year varve record and high‐resolution tephrochronology from lake Hämälänlampi, eastern Finland, provides age constraints for the Furnas C and the Glen Garry/Askja A‐2000 eruptions M. Kalliokoski et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.70079
- Reconstruction of mass balance and firn stratigraphy during the 1996–2011 warm period at high altitude on Mount Ortles, Eastern Alps: a comparison of modelled and ice core results L. Carturan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3443-2025
- Mercury accumulation over the Holocene revealed from a Greenlandic ice core Z. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea0517
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Short summary
A new Greenland ice-core timescale, covering the last 3800 years, was produced using the machine learning algorithm StratiCounter. We synchronized the ice cores using volcanic eruptions and wildfires. We compared the new timescale to the tree-ring timescale, finding good alignment both between the common signatures of volcanic eruptions and of solar activity. Our Greenlandic timescales is safe to use for the Late Holocene, provided one uses our uncertainty estimate.
A new Greenland ice-core timescale, covering the last 3800 years, was produced using the machine...
