Articles | Volume 18, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1729-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1729-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| 
02 Aug 2022
Review article |
| 02 Aug 2022
| 02 Aug 2022
Antarctic sea ice over the past 130 000 years – Part 1: a review of what proxy records tell us
Xavier Crosta
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC, Pessac, France
Karen E. Kohfeld
School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser
University, Vancouver, Canada
School of Environmental Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
Helen C. Bostock
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Matthew Chadwick
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
Alice Du Vivier
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Oliver Esper
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
Johan Etourneau
Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC, Pessac, France
EPHE/PSL Research University, Paris, France
Jacob Jones
School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser
University, Vancouver, Canada
Amy Leventer
Colgate University, NY, USA
Juliane Müller
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
Rachael H. Rhodes
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing
Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
Claire S. Allen
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
Pooja Ghadi
School of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University,
Taleigao Plateau, Goa 403206, India
Nele Lamping
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
Carina B. Lange
Departamento de Oceanografía and Centro Oceanográfico COPAS Sur-Austral/COPAS Coastal, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
Centro de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de
Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
Kelly-Anne Lawler
Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National
University, Canberra, Australia
David Lund
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Avery Point, Groton, CT, USA
Alice Marzocchi
National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
Katrin J. Meissner
Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales,
Sydney, Australia
ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New
South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Laurie Menviel
Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales,
Sydney, Australia
The Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science,
University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
Abhilash Nair
National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Vasco da Gama, Goa
403 804, India
Molly Patterson
Geological Sciences and Environmental Studies, Binghamton
University, NY, USA
Jennifer Pike
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University,
UK
Joseph G. Prebble
GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
Christina Riesselman
Departments of Geology and Marine Science, University of Otago,
Dunedin, New Zealand
Henrik Sadatzki
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
Louise C. Sime
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
Sunil K. Shukla
Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, India
Lena Thöle
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the
Netherlands
Maria-Elena Vorrath
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
Wenshen Xiao
State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Jiao Yang
State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
Related authors
Isabel A. Dove, Ian W. Bishop, Xavier Crosta, Natascha Riedinger, R. Patrick Kelly, and Rebecca S. Robinson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2564, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2564, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
The diatom-bound nitrogen isotope proxy is used to study how efficiently diatoms in the Southern Ocean help to remove CO2 from the atmosphere, but may be biased by different diatom species. We examine a specific type of diatom, Chaetoceros resting spores (CRS), commonly preserved in Southern Ocean sediments. We find that CRS record surprisingly low δ15NDB values compared to other diatoms, yet changes in their relative abundance over time does not significantly bias previously published records.
Matthew Chadwick, Xavier Crosta, Oliver Esper, Lena Thöle, and Karen E. Kohfeld
Clim. Past, 18, 1815–1829, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1815-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1815-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Algae preserved in seafloor sediments have allowed us to reconstruct how Antarctic sea ice has varied between cold and warm time periods in the last 130 000 years. The patterns and timings of sea-ice increase and decrease vary between different parts of the Southern Ocean. Sea ice is most sensitive to changing climate at the external edges of Southern Ocean gyres (large areas of rotating ocean currents).
Ryan A. Green, Laurie Menviel, Katrin J. Meissner, Xavier Crosta, Deepak Chandan, Gerrit Lohmann, W. Richard Peltier, Xiaoxu Shi, and Jiang Zhu
Clim. Past, 18, 845–862, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Climate models are used to predict future climate changes and as such, it is important to assess their performance in simulating past climate changes. We analyze seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean simulated from numerical PMIP3, PMIP4 and LOVECLIM simulations during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Comparing these simulations to proxy data, we provide improved estimates of LGM seasonal sea-ice cover. Our estimate of summer sea-ice extent is 20 %–30 % larger than previous estimates.
Jacob Jones, Karen E. Kohfeld, Helen Bostock, Xavier Crosta, Melanie Liston, Gavin Dunbar, Zanna Chase, Amy Leventer, Harris Anderson, and Geraldine Jacobsen
Clim. Past, 18, 465–483, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-465-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-465-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We provide new winter sea ice and summer sea surface temperature estimates for marine core TAN1302-96 (59° S, 157° E) in the Southern Ocean. We find that sea ice was not consolidated over the core site until ~65 ka and therefore believe that sea ice may not have been a major contributor to early glacial CO2 drawdown. Sea ice does appear to have coincided with Antarctic Intermediate Water production and subduction, suggesting it may have influenced intermediate ocean circulation changes.
Matthew Chadwick, Claire S. Allen, Louise C. Sime, Xavier Crosta, and Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
Clim. Past, 18, 129–146, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-129-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-129-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Algae preserved in marine sediments have allowed us to reconstruct how much winter sea ice was present around Antarctica during a past time period (130 000 years ago) when the climate was warmer than today. The patterns of sea-ice increase and decrease vary between different parts of the Southern Ocean. The Pacific sector has a largely stable sea-ice extent, whereas the amount of sea ice in the Atlantic sector is much more variable with bigger decreases and increases than other regions.
Kelly-Anne Lawler, Giuseppe Cortese, Matthieu Civel-Mazens, Helen Bostock, Xavier Crosta, Amy Leventer, Vikki Lowe, John Rogers, and Leanne K. Armand
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5441–5453, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5441-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5441-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Radiolarians found in marine sediments are used to reconstruct past Southern Ocean environments. This requires a comprehensive modern dataset. The Southern Ocean Radiolarian (SO-RAD) dataset includes radiolarian counts from sites in the Southern Ocean. It can be used for palaeoceanographic reconstructions or to study modern species diversity and abundance. We describe the data collection and include recommendations for users unfamiliar with procedures typically used by the radiolarian community.
Kate E. Ashley, Xavier Crosta, Johan Etourneau, Philippine Campagne, Harry Gilchrist, Uthmaan Ibraheem, Sarah E. Greene, Sabine Schmidt, Yvette Eley, Guillaume Massé, and James Bendle
Biogeosciences, 18, 5555–5571, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5555-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5555-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the potential for the use of carbon isotopes of algal fatty acid as a new proxy for past primary productivity in Antarctic coastal zones. Coastal polynyas are hotspots of primary productivity and are known to draw down CO2 from the atmosphere. Reconstructions of past productivity changes could provide a baseline for the role of these areas as sinks for atmospheric CO2.
Fanny Lhardy, Nathaëlle Bouttes, Didier M. Roche, Xavier Crosta, Claire Waelbroeck, and Didier Paillard
Clim. Past, 17, 1139–1159, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1139-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1139-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Climate models struggle to simulate a LGM ocean circulation in agreement with paleotracer data. Using a set of simulations, we test the impact of boundary conditions and other modelling choices. Model–data comparisons of sea-surface temperatures and sea-ice cover support an overall cold Southern Ocean, with implications on the AMOC strength. Changes in implemented boundary conditions are not sufficient to simulate a shallower AMOC; other mechanisms to better represent convection are required.
Kate E. Ashley, Robert McKay, Johan Etourneau, Francisco J. Jimenez-Espejo, Alan Condron, Anna Albot, Xavier Crosta, Christina Riesselman, Osamu Seki, Guillaume Massé, Nicholas R. Golledge, Edward Gasson, Daniel P. Lowry, Nicholas E. Barrand, Katelyn Johnson, Nancy Bertler, Carlota Escutia, Robert Dunbar, and James A. Bendle
Clim. Past, 17, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a multi-proxy record of Holocene glacial meltwater input, sediment transport, and sea-ice variability off East Antarctica. Our record shows that a rapid Antarctic sea-ice increase during the mid-Holocene (~ 4.5 ka) occurred against a backdrop of increasing glacial meltwater input and gradual climate warming. We suggest that mid-Holocene ice shelf cavity expansion led to cooling of surface waters and sea-ice growth, which slowed basal ice shelf melting.
Lisa Claire Orme, Xavier Crosta, Arto Miettinen, Dmitry V. Divine, Katrine Husum, Elisabeth Isaksson, Lukas Wacker, Rahul Mohan, Olivier Ther, and Minoru Ikehara
Clim. Past, 16, 1451–1467, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1451-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1451-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A record of past sea temperature in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, spanning the last 14 200 years, has been developed by analysis of fossil diatoms in marine sediment. During the late deglaciation the reconstructed temperature changes were highly similar to those over Antarctica, most likely due to a reorganisation of global ocean and atmospheric circulation. During the last 11 600 years temperatures gradually cooled and became increasingly variable.
Nathaelle Bouttes, Didier Swingedouw, Didier M. Roche, Maria F. Sanchez-Goni, and Xavier Crosta
Clim. Past, 14, 239–253, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-239-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-239-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric CO2 is key for climate change. CO2 is lower during the oldest warm period of the last million years, the interglacials, than during the most recent ones (since 430 000 years ago). This difference has not been explained yet, but could be due to changes of ocean circulation. We test this hypothesis and the role of vegetation and ice sheets using an intermediate complexity model. We show that only small changes of CO2 can be obtained, underlying missing feedbacks or mechanisms.
Philippine Campagne, Xavier Crosta, Sabine Schmidt, Marie Noëlle Houssais, Olivier Ther, and Guillaume Massé
Biogeosciences, 13, 4205–4218, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4205-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4205-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Diatoms and biomarkers have been recently used for palaeoclimate reconstructions in the Southern Ocean. Few sediment-based ecological studies have investigated their relationships with environmental conditions. Here, we compare high-resolution sedimentary records with meteorological data to study relationships between our proxies and recent atmospheric and sea surface changes. Our results indicate that coupled wind pattern and sea surface variability act as the proximal forcing at that scale.
J. Etourneau, L. G. Collins, V. Willmott, J.-H. Kim, L. Barbara, A. Leventer, S. Schouten, J. S. Sinninghe Damsté, A. Bianchini, V. Klein, X. Crosta, and G. Massé
Clim. Past, 9, 1431–1446, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1431-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1431-2013, 2013
P. Mathiot, H. Goosse, X. Crosta, B. Stenni, M. Braida, H. Renssen, C. J. Van Meerbeeck, V. Masson-Delmotte, A. Mairesse, and S. Dubinkina
Clim. Past, 9, 887–901, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-887-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-887-2013, 2013
Laura L. Landrum, Alice K. DuVivier, Marika M. Holland, Kristen Krumhardt, and Zephyr Sylvester
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3490, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3490, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic polynyas – areas of open water surrounded by sea ice or sea ice and land – are key players in Antarctic marine ecosystems. Changes in the physical characteristics of polynyas will influence how these ecosystems respond to a changing climate. This work explores how to best compare polynyas identified in satellite data and climate model data to verify that the model captures important features of Antarctic sea ice and marine ecosystems, and we show how polynyas may change.
Sentia Goursaud Oger, Louise C. Sime, and Max Holloway
Clim. Past, 20, 2539–2560, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2539-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2539-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic ice cores provide information about past temperatures. Here, we run new climate model simulations, including stable water isotopes for the historical period. Across one-third of Antarctica, there is no strong connection between isotopes and temperature and a weak connection for most of the rest of Antarctica. This disconnect between isotopes and temperature is largely driven by changes in Antarctic sea ice. Our results are helpful for temperature reconstructions from ice core records.
Helene Hoffmann, Jason Day, Rachael H. Rhodes, Mackenzie Grieman, Jack Humby, Isobel Rowell, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Robert Mulvaney, Sally Gibson, and Eric Wolff
The Cryosphere, 18, 4993–5013, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4993-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4993-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice cores are archives of past atmospheric conditions. In deep and old ice, the layers containing this information get thinned to the millimetre scale or below. We installed a setup for high-resolution (182 μm) chemical impurity measurements in ice cores using the laser ablation technique at the University of Cambridge. In a first application to the Skytrain ice core from Antarctica, we discuss the potential to detect fine-layered structures in ice up to an age of 26 000 years.
John Slattery, Louise C. Sime, Francesco Muschitiello, and Keno Riechers
Clim. Past, 20, 2431–2454, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2431-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2431-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Dansgaard–Oeschger events are a series of abrupt past climate change events during which the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean in the North Atlantic underwent rapid changes. One current topic of interest is the order in which these different changes occurred, which remains unknown. In this work, we find that the current best method used to investigate this topic is subject to substantial bias. This implies that it is not possible to reliably determine the order of the different changes.
Ana-Cristina Mârza, Laurie Menviel, and Luke C. Skinner
Geochronology, 6, 503–519, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-503-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-503-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Radiocarbon serves as a powerful dating tool, but the calibration of marine radiocarbon dates presents significant challenges because the whole surface ocean cannot be represented by a single calibration curve. Here we use climate model outputs and data to assess a novel method for developing regional marine calibration curves. Our results are encouraging and point to a way forward for solving the marine radiocarbon age calibration problem without relying on model simulations of the past.
Gabriel M. Pontes, Pedro Leite Silva Dias, and Laurie Menviel
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3062, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3062, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Climate of the Past (CP).
Short summary
Short summary
El Niño events are the main driver of year-to-year tropical climate variability. Understanding how El Niño activity is affected by different climate states is of great relevance to socioeconomic, ecosystem and climate risk management. Through analysis of past and future climate simulations, we show that ENSO sensitivity to mean state changes is more complex than previously thought, exhibiting a nonlinear behavior.
Bartholomé Duboc, Katrin J. Meissner, Laurie Menviel, Nicholas K. H. Yeung, Babette Hoogakker, Tilo Ziehn, and Matthew Chamberlain
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2675, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2675, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use an Earth System Model to simulate ocean oxygen during two past warm periods, the Last Interglacial (~129–115 ka) and Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 9e (~336-321 ka). The global ocean is overall less oxygenated compared to the preindustrial simulation. Large regions in the Mediterranean Sea are oxygen deprived in the Last Interglacial simulation, and to a lesser extent in the MIS 9e simulation, due to an intensification and expansion of the African Monsoon and enhanced river run-off.
Tsai-Wen Lin, Tommaso Tesi, Jens Hefter, Hendrik Grotheer, Jutta Wollenburg, Florian Adolphi, Henning Bauch, Alessio Nogarotto, Juliane Müller, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-60, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-60, 2024
Preprint under review for CP
Short summary
Short summary
In order to understand the mechanisms governing permafrost organic matter re-mobilization, we investigated organic matter composition during past intervals of rapid sea-level rise, of inland warming, and of dense sea-ice cover in the Laptev Sea. We find that sea-level rise resulted in wide-spread erosion and transport of permafrost materials to the ocean, but erosion is mitigated by regional dense sea ice cover. Factors like inland warming or floods increase permafrost mobilization locally.
Rachael H. Rhodes, Yvan Bollet-Quivogne, Piers Barnes, Mirko Severi, and Eric W. Wolff
Clim. Past, 20, 2031–2043, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2031-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2031-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Some ionic components slowly move through glacier ice by diffusion, but the rate of this diffusion, its exact mechanism(s), and the factors that might influence it are poorly understood. In this study, we model how peaks in sulfate, deposited at Dome C on the Antarctic ice sheet after volcanic eruptions, change with depth and time. We find that the sulfate diffusion rate in ice is relatively fast in young ice near the surface, but the rate is markedly reduced over time.
Raffaella Tolotti, Amy Leventer, Federica Donda, Leanne Armand, Taryn Noble, Phil O'Brien, Xiang Zhao, David Heslop, Alix Post, Roberto Romeo, Andrea Caburlotto, Diego Cotterle, and Nicola Corradi
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 349–382, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-349-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-349-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
New tephra layer and microsiliceous assemblages are identified. Sediment records are contextualized for the Sabrina Coast continental rise chronological and paleoclimatic context. Some in-depth studies on margin instabilities, tephrochronology, and biostratigraphic/paleoenvironmental and sedimentary evolution are suggested. We performed this study to implement knowledge on the Antarctic biochronostratigraphy and microsiliceous sedimentation and benefited from international-level collaboration.
Joseph A. Ruggiero, Reed P. Scherer, Joseph Mastro, Cesar G. Lopez, Marcus Angus, Evie Unger-Harquail, Olivia Quartz, Amy Leventer, and Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 323–336, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-323-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-323-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify sea surface temperature (SST) in the past Southern Ocean using the diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis that displays variable population with SST. We explore the use of this relatively new proxy by applying it to sediment assemblages from the Sabrina Coast and Amundsen Sea. We find that Amundsen Sea and Sabrina Coast F. kerguelensis populations are different from each other. An understanding of F. kerguelensis dynamics may help us generate an SST proxy to apply to ancient sediments.
Megan Jeffers, Chris Chapman, Bernadette M. Sloyan, and Helen Bostock
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2265, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2265, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The East Australian Current (EAC) significantly impacts the marine environment of Australia's east coast. This study analyses physical and biogeochemical data from around the EAC mooring array between 2012 to 2022 to understand nutrient variability at approximately 27° S. Both seasonality and the EAC's lateral position affects the distribution of nutrients in the water column. These findings reveal occurrences of the upwelling of deep EAC nutrient rich water into the oligotrophic surface waters.
Piers Larkman, Rachael H. Rhodes, Nicolas Stoll, Carlo Barbante, and Pascal Bohleber
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1723, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1723, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Impurities in ice cores can be preferentially located at the boundaries between crystals of ice, impacting the interpretation of high-resolution data collected from ice core samples. This work finds that one dimensional signals can be significantly effected by this association, meaning experiments collecting data at high resolution must be carefully designed. Accounting for this effect is important for interpreting ice core data, especially for deep ice samples.
Jack T. R. Wilkin, Sev Kender, Rowan Dejardin, Claire S. Allen, Victoria L. Peck, George E. A. Swann, Erin L. McClymont, James D. Scourse, Kate Littler, and Melanie J. Leng
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 165–186, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia has a dynamic glacial history and is sensitive to climate change. Using benthic foraminifera and various geochemical proxies, we reconstruct inner–middle shelf productivity and infer glacial evolution since the late deglacial, identifying new mid–late-Holocene glacial readvances. Fursenkoina fusiformis acts as a good proxy for productivity.
Grace Duke, Josie Frazer, Briar Taylor-Silva, and Christina Riesselman
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 139–163, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-139-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-139-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Diatoms are dust-sized algae commonly found in the upper 100 m of the Southern Ocean. In this paper, we describe three new species found in sediments west of the Ross Sea, East Antarctica, aged about 3--2 Ma: Fragilariopsis clava, Fragilariopsis armandae, and Rouxia raggattensis. These species may be useful for determining the age of sediments and past environmental conditions at other locations around the Southern Ocean.
Qinggang Gao, Emilie Capron, Louise C. Sime, Rachael H. Rhodes, Rahul Sivankutty, Xu Zhang, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, and Martin Werner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1261, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1261, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Marine sediment and ice core records suggest a warmer Southern Ocean and Antarctica at the early last interglacial, ~127 thousand years ago. However, when only forced by orbital parameters and greenhouse gas concentrations during that period, state-of-the-art climate models do not reproduce the magnitude of warming. Here we show that much of the warming at southern mid-to-high latitudes can be reproduced by a UK climate model HadCM3 with a 3000-year freshwater forcing over the North Atlantic.
Xavier Faïn, Sophie Szopa, Vaishali Naïk, Patricia Martinerie, David M. Etheridge, Rachael H. Rhodes, Cathy M. Trudinger, Vasilii V. Petrenko, Kévin Fourteau, and Phillip Place
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-653, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-653, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) plays a crucial role in the atmosphere's oxidizing capacity. In this study, we analyse how historical (1850–2014) [CO] outputs from state-of-the-art global chemistry-climate models over Greenland and Antarctica are able to capture both absolute values and trends recorded in multi-site ice archives. A disparity in [CO] growth rates emerges in the Northern Hemisphere between models and observations from 1920–1975 CE, possibly linked to uncertainties in CO emission factors.
Brooke Snoll, Ruza Ivanovic, Lauren Gregoire, Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Laurie Menviel, Takashi Obase, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Nathaelle Bouttes, Chengfei He, Feng He, Marie Kapsch, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Juan Muglia, and Paul Valdes
Clim. Past, 20, 789–815, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-789-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Geological records show rapid climate change throughout the recent deglaciation. The drivers of these changes are still misunderstood but are often attributed to shifts in the Atlantic Ocean circulation from meltwater input. A cumulative effort to understand these processes prompted numerous simulations of this period. We use these to explain the chain of events and our collective ability to simulate them. The results demonstrate the importance of the meltwater amount used in the simulation.
Phoebe A. Hudson, Adrien C. H. Martin, Simon A. Josey, Alice Marzocchi, and Athanasios Angeloudis
Ocean Sci., 20, 341–367, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-341-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-341-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite salinity data are used for the first time to study variability in Arctic freshwater transport from the Lena River and are shown to be a valuable tool for studying this region. These data confirm east/westerly wind is the main control on fresh water and sea ice transport rather than the volume of river runoff. The strong role of the wind suggests understanding how wind patterns will change is key to predicting future Arctic circulation and sea ice concentration.
Qinggang Gao, Louise C. Sime, Alison J. McLaren, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Emilie Capron, Rachael H. Rhodes, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Xiaoxu Shi, and Martin Werner
The Cryosphere, 18, 683–703, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-683-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-683-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic precipitation is a crucial component of the climate system. Its spatio-temporal variability impacts sea level changes and the interpretation of water isotope measurements in ice cores. To better understand its climatic drivers, we developed water tracers in an atmospheric model to identify moisture source conditions from which precipitation originates. We find that mid-latitude surface winds exert an important control on moisture availability for Antarctic precipitation.
Wee Wei Khoo, Juliane Müller, Oliver Esper, Wenshen Xiao, Christian Stepanek, Paul Gierz, Gerrit Lohmann, Walter Geibert, Jens Hefter, and Gesine Mollenhauer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-246, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-246, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using a multiproxy approach, we analyzed biomarkers and diatom assemblages from a marine sediment core from the Powell Basin, Weddell Sea. The results reveal the first continuous coastal Antarctic sea ice record since the Last Penultimate Glacial. Our findings contribute valuable insights into past glacial-interglacial sea ice response to a changing climate and enhance our understanding of the ocean-sea ice-ice shelf interactions and dynamics.
Babette Hoogakker, Catherine Davis, Yi Wang, Stepanie Kusch, Katrina Nilsson-Kerr, Dalton Hardisty, Allison Jacobel, Dharma Reyes Macaya, Nicolaas Glock, Sha Ni, Julio Sepúlveda, Abby Ren, Alexandra Auderset, Anya Hess, Katrina Meissner, Jorge Cardich, Robert Anderson, Christine Barras, Chandranath Basak, Harold Bradbury, Inda Brinkmann, Alexis Castillo, Madelyn Cook, Kassandra Costa, Constance Choquel, Paula Diz, Jonas Donnenfield, Felix Elling, Zeynep Erdem, Helena Filipsson, Sebastian Garrido, Julia Gottschalk, Anjaly Govindankutty Menon, Jeroen Groeneveld, Christian Hallman, Ingrid Hendy, Rick Hennekam, Wanyi Lu, Jean Lynch-Stieglitz, Lelia Matos, Alfredo Martínez-García, Giulia Molina, Práxedes Muñoz, Simone Moretti, Jennifer Morford, Sophie Nuber, Svetlana Radionovskaya, Morgan Raven, Christopher Somes, Anja Studer, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Raúl Tapia, Martin Tetard, Tyler Vollmer, Shuzhuang Wu, Yan Zhang, Xin-Yuan Zheng, and Yuxin Zhou
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2981, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2981, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Paleo-oxygen proxies can extend current records, bound pre-anthropogenic baselines, provide datasets necessary to test climate models under different boundary conditions, and ultimately understand how ocean oxygenation responds on longer timescales. Here we summarize current proxies used for the reconstruction of Cenozoic seawater oxygen levels. This includes an overview of the proxy's history, how it works, resources required, limitations, and future recommendations.
Jennifer Cocks, Alessandro Silvano, Alice Marzocchi, Oana Dragomir, Noémie Schifano, Anna E. Hogg, and Alberto C. Naveira Garabato
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3050, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3050, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Heat and freshwater fluxes in the Southern Ocean mediate global ocean circulation and abyssal ventilation. These fluxes manifest as changes in steric height: sea level anomalies from changes in ocean density. We compute the steric height anomaly of the Southern Ocean using satellite data and validate it against in-situ observations. We analyse interannual patterns, drawing links to climate variability, and discuss the effectiveness of the method, highlighting issues and suggesting improvements.
Takashi Obase, Laurie Menviel, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Tristan Vadsaria, Ruza Ivanovic, Brooke Snoll, Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Paul Valdes, Lauren Gregoire, Marie-Luise Kapsch, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Nathaelle Bouttes, Didier Roche, Fanny Lhardy, Chengfei He, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Zhengyu Liu, and Wing-Le Chan
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2023-86, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2023-86, 2023
Revised manuscript under review for CP
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyses transient simulations of the last deglaciation performed by six climate models to understand the processes driving southern high latitude temperature changes. We find that atmospheric CO2 changes and AMOC changes are the primary drivers of the major warming and cooling during the middle stage of the deglaciation. The multi-model analysis highlights the model’s sensitivity of CO2, AMOC to meltwater, and the meltwater history on temperature changes in southern high latitudes.
Isabel A. Dove, Ian W. Bishop, Xavier Crosta, Natascha Riedinger, R. Patrick Kelly, and Rebecca S. Robinson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2564, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2564, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
The diatom-bound nitrogen isotope proxy is used to study how efficiently diatoms in the Southern Ocean help to remove CO2 from the atmosphere, but may be biased by different diatom species. We examine a specific type of diatom, Chaetoceros resting spores (CRS), commonly preserved in Southern Ocean sediments. We find that CRS record surprisingly low δ15NDB values compared to other diatoms, yet changes in their relative abundance over time does not significantly bias previously published records.
Xavier Faïn, David M. Etheridge, Kévin Fourteau, Patricia Martinerie, Cathy M. Trudinger, Rachael H. Rhodes, Nathan J. Chellman, Ray L. Langenfelds, Joseph R. McConnell, Mark A. J. Curran, Edward J. Brook, Thomas Blunier, Grégory Teste, Roberto Grilli, Anthony Lemoine, William T. Sturges, Boris Vannière, Johannes Freitag, and Jérôme Chappellaz
Clim. Past, 19, 2287–2311, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2287-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2287-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We report on a 3000-year record of carbon monoxide (CO) levels in the Southern Hemisphere's high latitudes by combining ice core and firn air measurements with modern direct atmospheric samples. Antarctica [CO] remained stable (–835 to 1500 CE), decreased during the Little Ice Age, and peaked around 1985 CE. Such evolution reflects stable biomass burning CO emissions before industrialization, followed by growth from CO anthropogenic sources, which decline after 1985 due to improved combustion.
Laurie C. Menviel, Paul Spence, Andrew E. Kiss, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Hakase Hayashida, Matthew H. England, and Darryn Waugh
Biogeosciences, 20, 4413–4431, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4413-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4413-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
As the ocean absorbs 25% of the anthropogenic emissions of carbon, it is important to understand the impact of climate change on the flux of carbon between the ocean and the atmosphere. Here, we use a very high-resolution ocean, sea-ice, carbon cycle model to show that the capability of the Southern Ocean to uptake CO2 has decreased over the last 40 years due to a strengthening and poleward shift of the southern hemispheric westerlies. This trend is expected to continue over the coming century.
Frida S. Hoem, Adrián López-Quirós, Suzanna van de Lagemaat, Johan Etourneau, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Carlota Escutia, Henk Brinkhuis, Francien Peterse, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Peter K. Bijl
Clim. Past, 19, 1931–1949, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1931-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1931-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present two new sea surface temperature (SST) records in comparison with available SST records to reconstruct South Atlantic paleoceanographic evolution. Our results show a low SST gradient in the Eocene–early Oligocene due to the persistent gyral circulation. A higher SST gradient in the Middle–Late Miocene infers a stronger circumpolar current. The southern South Atlantic was the coldest region in the Southern Ocean and likely the main deep-water formation location in the Middle Miocene.
Julia Rieke Hagemann, Lester Lembke-Jene, Frank Lamy, Maria-Elena Vorrath, Jérôme Kaiser, Juliane Müller, Helge W. Arz, Jens Hefter, Andrea Jaeschke, Nicoletta Ruggieri, and Ralf Tiedemann
Clim. Past, 19, 1825–1845, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1825-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1825-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Alkenones and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids (GDGTs) are common biomarkers for past water temperatures. In high latitudes, determining temperature reliably is challenging. We analyzed 33 Southern Ocean sediment surface samples and evaluated widely used global calibrations for both biomarkers. For GDGT-based temperatures, previously used calibrations best reflect temperatures >5° C; (sub)polar temperature bias necessitates a new calibration which better aligns with modern values.
Himadri Saini, Katrin J. Meissner, Laurie Menviel, and Karin Kvale
Clim. Past, 19, 1559–1584, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1559-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1559-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the changes in atmospheric CO2 during the last glacial cycle is crucial to comprehend the impact of climate change in the future. Previous research has hypothesised a key role of greater aeolian iron input into the Southern Ocean in influencing the global atmospheric CO2 levels by impacting the changes in the marine phytoplankton response. In our study, we test this iron hypothesis using climate modelling and constrain the impact of ocean iron supply on global CO2 decrease.
Georgia R. Grant, Jonny H. T. Williams, Sebastian Naeher, Osamu Seki, Erin L. McClymont, Molly O. Patterson, Alan M. Haywood, Erik Behrens, Masanobu Yamamoto, and Katelyn Johnson
Clim. Past, 19, 1359–1381, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1359-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1359-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Regional warming will differ from global warming, and climate models perform poorly in the Southern Ocean. We reconstruct sea surface temperatures in the south-west Pacific during the mid-Pliocene, a time 3 million years ago that represents the long-term outcomes of 3 °C warming, which is expected for the future. Comparing these results to climate model simulations, we show that the south-west Pacific region will warm by 1 °C above the global average if atmospheric CO2 remains above 350 ppm.
Elizabeth R. Thomas, Diana O. Vladimirova, Dieter R. Tetzner, B. Daniel Emanuelsson, Nathan Chellman, Daniel A. Dixon, Hugues Goosse, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Amy C. F. King, Michael Sigl, Danielle G. Udy, Tessa R. Vance, Dominic A. Winski, V. Holly L. Winton, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Akira Hori, Chavarukonam M. Laluraj, Joseph R. McConnell, Yuko Motizuki, Kazuya Takahashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoichi Nakai, Franciéle Schwanck, Jefferson Cardia Simões, Filipe Gaudie Ley Lindau, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Sarah Wauthy, Cunde Xiao, Jiao Yang, Ellen Mosely-Thompson, Tamara V. Khodzher, Ludmila P. Golobokova, and Alexey A. Ekaykin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2517–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The concentration of sodium and sulfate measured in Antarctic ice cores is related to changes in both sea ice and winds. Here we have compiled a database of sodium and sulfate records from 105 ice core sites in Antarctica. The records span all, or part, of the past 2000 years. The records will improve our understanding of how winds and sea ice have changed in the past and how they have influenced the climate of Antarctica over the past 2000 years.
Lena Mareike Thöle, Peter Dirk Nooteboom, Suning Hou, Rujian Wang, Senyan Nie, Elisabeth Michel, Isabel Sauermilch, Fabienne Marret, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Peter Kristian Bijl
J. Micropalaeontol., 42, 35–56, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-35-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-35-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dinoflagellate cysts can be used to infer past oceanographic conditions in the Southern Ocean. This requires knowledge of their present-day ecologic affinities. We add 66 Antarctic-proximal surface sediment samples to the Southern Ocean data and derive oceanographic conditions at those stations. Dinoflagellate cysts are clearly biogeographically separated along latitudinal gradients of temperature, sea ice, nutrients, and salinity, which allows us to reconstruct these parameters for the past.
Maria-Elena Vorrath, Juliane Müller, Paola Cárdenas, Thomas Opel, Sebastian Mieruch, Oliver Esper, Lester Lembke-Jene, Johan Etourneau, Andrea Vieth-Hillebrand, Niko Lahajnar, Carina B. Lange, Amy Leventer, Dimitris Evangelinos, Carlota Escutia, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Clim. Past, 19, 1061–1079, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1061-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1061-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sea ice is important to stabilize the ice sheet in Antarctica. To understand how the global climate and sea ice were related in the past we looked at ancient molecules (IPSO25) from sea-ice algae and other species whose dead cells accumulated on the ocean floor over time. With chemical analyses we could reconstruct the history of sea ice and ocean temperatures of the past 14 000 years. We found out that sea ice became less as the ocean warmed, and more phytoplankton grew towards today's level.
Irene Malmierca-Vallet, Louise C. Sime, and the D–O community members
Clim. Past, 19, 915–942, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-915-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-915-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Greenland ice core records feature Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–O) events, abrupt warming episodes followed by a gradual-cooling phase during mid-glacial periods. There is uncertainty whether current climate models can effectively represent the processes that cause D–O events. Here, we propose a Marine Isotopic Stage 3 (MIS3) baseline protocol which is intended to provide modelling groups investigating D–O oscillations with a common framework.
Louise C. Sime, Rahul Sivankutty, Irene Vallet-Malmierca, Agatha M. de Boer, and Marie Sicard
Clim. Past, 19, 883–900, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-883-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-883-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
It is not known if the Last Interglacial (LIG) experienced Arctic summers that were sea ice free: models show a wide spread in LIG Arctic temperature and sea ice results. Evaluation against sea ice markers is hampered by few observations. Here, an assessment of 11 climate model simulations against summer temperatures shows that the most skilful models have a 74 %–79 % reduction in LIG sea ice. The measurements of LIG areas indicate a likely mix of ice-free and near-ice-free LIG summers.
Maria Vittoria Guarino, Louise C. Sime, Rachel Diamond, Jeff Ridley, and David Schroeder
Clim. Past, 19, 865–881, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-865-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-865-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the response of the atmosphere, ocean, and ice domains to the release of a large volume of glacial meltwaters thought to have occurred during the Last Interglacial period. We show that the signal that originated in the North Atlantic travels over great distances across the globe. It modifies the ocean gyre circulation in the Northern Hemisphere as well as the belt of westerly winds in the Southern Hemisphere, with consequences for Antarctic sea ice.
Robert Mulvaney, Eric W. Wolff, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Helene H. Hoffmann, Jack D. Humby, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Rachael H. Rhodes, Isobel F. Rowell, Frédéric Parrenin, Loïc Schmidely, Hubertus Fischer, Thomas F. Stocker, Marcus Christl, Raimund Muscheler, Amaelle Landais, and Frédéric Prié
Clim. Past, 19, 851–864, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-851-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-851-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present an age scale for a new ice core drilled at Skytrain Ice Rise, an ice rise facing the Ronne Ice Shelf in Antarctica. Various measurements in the ice and air phases are used to match the ice core to other Antarctic cores that have already been dated, and a new age scale is constructed. The 651 m ice core includes ice that is confidently dated to 117 000–126 000 years ago, in the last interglacial. Older ice is found deeper down, but there are flow disturbances in the deeper ice.
Lea Pesjak, Andrew McMinn, Zanna Chase, and Helen Bostock
Clim. Past, 19, 419–437, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-419-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-419-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses diatom assemblages, biogenic silica and Si/Al data over the last 140 kyr from core TAN1302-44 (64°54' S, 144°32' E) to define glacial-to-interglacial paleoenvironments near Antarctica with respect to sea ice duration and ocean circulation. It has found that the sea ice season increased gradually during the last glacial, reaching a maximum before decreasing at the end of MIS 2. Following this, Circumpolar Deep Water increased relative to other times prior to ice sheet retreat.
François Burgay, Rafael Pedro Fernández, Delia Segato, Clara Turetta, Christopher S. Blaszczak-Boxe, Rachael H. Rhodes, Claudio Scarchilli, Virginia Ciardini, Carlo Barbante, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, and Andrea Spolaor
The Cryosphere, 17, 391–405, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-391-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-391-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents the first ice-core record of bromine (Br) in the Antarctic plateau. By the observation of the ice core and the application of atmospheric chemical models, we investigate the behaviour of bromine after its deposition into the snowpack, with interest in the effect of UV radiation change connected to the formation of the ozone hole, the role of volcanic deposition, and the possible use of Br to reconstruct past sea ice changes from ice core collect in the inner Antarctic plateau.
Zhiheng Du, Jiao Yang, Lei Wang, Ninglian Wang, Anders Svensson, Zhen Zhang, Xiangyu Ma, Yaping Liu, Shimeng Wang, Jianzhong Xu, and Cunde Xiao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5349–5365, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5349-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5349-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A dataset of the radiogenic strontium and neodymium isotopic compositions from the three poles (the third pole, the Arctic, and Antarctica) were integrated to obtain new findings. The dataset enables us to map the standardized locations in the three poles, while the use of sorting criteria related to the sample type permits us to trace the dust sources and sinks. The purpose of this dataset is to try to determine the variable transport pathways of dust at three poles.
Matthew Chadwick, Xavier Crosta, Oliver Esper, Lena Thöle, and Karen E. Kohfeld
Clim. Past, 18, 1815–1829, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1815-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1815-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Algae preserved in seafloor sediments have allowed us to reconstruct how Antarctic sea ice has varied between cold and warm time periods in the last 130 000 years. The patterns and timings of sea-ice increase and decrease vary between different parts of the Southern Ocean. Sea ice is most sensitive to changing climate at the external edges of Southern Ocean gyres (large areas of rotating ocean currents).
Helen Eri Amsler, Lena Mareike Thöle, Ingrid Stimac, Walter Geibert, Minoru Ikehara, Gerhard Kuhn, Oliver Esper, and Samuel Laurent Jaccard
Clim. Past, 18, 1797–1813, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1797-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1797-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present sedimentary redox-sensitive trace metal records from five sediment cores retrieved from the SW Indian Ocean. These records are indicative of oxygen-depleted conditions during cold periods and enhanced oxygenation during interstadials. Our results thus suggest that deep-ocean oxygenation changes were mainly controlled by ocean ventilation and that a generally more sluggish circulation contributed to sequestering remineralized carbon away from the atmosphere during glacial periods.
Dieter R. Tetzner, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Claire S. Allen, and Mackenzie M. Grieman
Clim. Past, 18, 1709–1727, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1709-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1709-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds are drivers of recent environmental changes in West Antarctica. However, our understanding of this relationship is limited by short and sparse observational records. Here we present the first regional wind study based on the novel use of diatoms preserved in Antarctic ice cores. Our results demonstrate that diatom abundance is the optimal record for reconstructing wind strength variability over the Southern Hemisphere westerly wind belt.
Stefan Mulitza, Torsten Bickert, Helen C. Bostock, Cristiano M. Chiessi, Barbara Donner, Aline Govin, Naomi Harada, Enqing Huang, Heather Johnstone, Henning Kuhnert, Michael Langner, Frank Lamy, Lester Lembke-Jene, Lorraine Lisiecki, Jean Lynch-Stieglitz, Lars Max, Mahyar Mohtadi, Gesine Mollenhauer, Juan Muglia, Dirk Nürnberg, André Paul, Carsten Rühlemann, Janne Repschläger, Rajeev Saraswat, Andreas Schmittner, Elisabeth L. Sikes, Robert F. Spielhagen, and Ralf Tiedemann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2553–2611, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Stable isotope ratios of foraminiferal shells from deep-sea sediments preserve key information on the variability of ocean circulation and ice volume. We present the first global atlas of harmonized raw downcore oxygen and carbon isotope ratios of various planktonic and benthic foraminiferal species. The atlas is a foundation for the analyses of the history of Earth system components, for finding future coring sites, and for teaching marine stratigraphy and paleoceanography.
Joanne S. Johnson, Ryan A. Venturelli, Greg Balco, Claire S. Allen, Scott Braddock, Seth Campbell, Brent M. Goehring, Brenda L. Hall, Peter D. Neff, Keir A. Nichols, Dylan H. Rood, Elizabeth R. Thomas, and John Woodward
The Cryosphere, 16, 1543–1562, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1543-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1543-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Recent studies have suggested that some portions of the Antarctic Ice Sheet were less extensive than present in the last few thousand years. We discuss how past ice loss and regrowth during this time would leave its mark on geological and glaciological records and suggest ways in which future studies could detect such changes. Determining timing of ice loss and gain around Antarctica and conditions under which they occurred is critical for preparing for future climate-warming-induced changes.
Ryan A. Green, Laurie Menviel, Katrin J. Meissner, Xavier Crosta, Deepak Chandan, Gerrit Lohmann, W. Richard Peltier, Xiaoxu Shi, and Jiang Zhu
Clim. Past, 18, 845–862, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Climate models are used to predict future climate changes and as such, it is important to assess their performance in simulating past climate changes. We analyze seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean simulated from numerical PMIP3, PMIP4 and LOVECLIM simulations during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Comparing these simulations to proxy data, we provide improved estimates of LGM seasonal sea-ice cover. Our estimate of summer sea-ice extent is 20 %–30 % larger than previous estimates.
Xavier Faïn, Rachael H. Rhodes, Philip Place, Vasilii V. Petrenko, Kévin Fourteau, Nathan Chellman, Edward Crosier, Joseph R. McConnell, Edward J. Brook, Thomas Blunier, Michel Legrand, and Jérôme Chappellaz
Clim. Past, 18, 631–647, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-631-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-631-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a regulated pollutant and one of the key components determining the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. In this study, we analyzed five ice cores from Greenland at high resolution for CO concentrations by coupling laser spectrometry with continuous melting. By combining these new datasets, we produced an upper-bound estimate of past atmospheric CO abundance since preindustrial times for the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes, covering the period from 1700 to 1957 CE.
Dipayan Choudhury, Laurie Menviel, Katrin J. Meissner, Nicholas K. H. Yeung, Matthew Chamberlain, and Tilo Ziehn
Clim. Past, 18, 507–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-507-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-507-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the effects of a warmer climate from the Earth's paleoclimate (last interglacial) on the marine carbon cycle of the Southern Ocean using a carbon-cycle-enabled state-of-the-art climate model. We find a 150 % increase in CO2 outgassing during this period, which results from competition between higher sea surface temperatures and weaker oceanic circulation. From this we unequivocally infer that the carbon uptake by the Southern Ocean will reduce under a future warming scenario.
Jacob Jones, Karen E. Kohfeld, Helen Bostock, Xavier Crosta, Melanie Liston, Gavin Dunbar, Zanna Chase, Amy Leventer, Harris Anderson, and Geraldine Jacobsen
Clim. Past, 18, 465–483, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-465-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-465-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We provide new winter sea ice and summer sea surface temperature estimates for marine core TAN1302-96 (59° S, 157° E) in the Southern Ocean. We find that sea ice was not consolidated over the core site until ~65 ka and therefore believe that sea ice may not have been a major contributor to early glacial CO2 drawdown. Sea ice does appear to have coincided with Antarctic Intermediate Water production and subduction, suggesting it may have influenced intermediate ocean circulation changes.
Dieter R. Tetzner, Claire S. Allen, and Elizabeth R. Thomas
The Cryosphere, 16, 779–798, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The presence of diatoms in Antarctic ice cores has been scarcely documented and poorly understood. Here we present a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of the diatom record preserved in a set of Antarctic ice cores. Our results reveal that the timing and amount of diatoms deposited present a strong geographical division. This study highlights the potential of the diatom record preserved in Antarctic ice cores to provide useful information about past environmental changes.
Erin L. McClymont, Michael J. Bentley, Dominic A. Hodgson, Charlotte L. Spencer-Jones, Thomas Wardley, Martin D. West, Ian W. Croudace, Sonja Berg, Darren R. Gröcke, Gerhard Kuhn, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, Louise Sime, and Richard A. Phillips
Clim. Past, 18, 381–403, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-381-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-381-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sea ice is important for our climate system and for the unique ecosystems it supports. We present a novel way to understand past Antarctic sea-ice ecosystems: using the regurgitated stomach contents of snow petrels, which nest above the ice sheet but feed in the sea ice. During a time when sea ice was more extensive than today (24 000–30 000 years ago), we show that snow petrel diet had varying contributions of fish and krill, which we interpret to show changing sea-ice distribution.
Molly O. Patterson, Richard H. Levy, Denise K. Kulhanek, Tina van de Flierdt, Huw Horgan, Gavin B. Dunbar, Timothy R. Naish, Jeanine Ash, Alex Pyne, Darcy Mandeno, Paul Winberry, David M. Harwood, Fabio Florindo, Francisco J. Jimenez-Espejo, Andreas Läufer, Kyu-Cheul Yoo, Osamu Seki, Paolo Stocchi, Johann P. Klages, Jae Il Lee, Florence Colleoni, Yusuke Suganuma, Edward Gasson, Christian Ohneiser, José-Abel Flores, David Try, Rachel Kirkman, Daleen Koch, and the SWAIS 2C Science Team
Sci. Dril., 30, 101–112, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-101-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-101-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
How much of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet will melt and how quickly it will happen when average global temperatures exceed 2 °C is currently unknown. Given the far-reaching and international consequences of Antarctica’s future contribution to global sea level rise, the SWAIS 2C Project was developed in order to better forecast the size and timing of future changes.
Nick Thompson, Ulrich Salzmann, Adrián López-Quirós, Peter K. Bijl, Frida S. Hoem, Johan Etourneau, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Sabine Roignant, Emma Hocking, Michael Amoo, and Carlota Escutia
Clim. Past, 18, 209–232, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
New pollen and spore data from the Antarctic Peninsula region reveal temperate rainforests that changed and adapted in response to Eocene climatic cooling, roughly 35.5 Myr ago, and glacially related disturbance in the early Oligocene, approximately 33.5 Myr ago. The timing of these events indicates that the opening of ocean gateways alone did not trigger Antarctic glaciation, although ocean gateways may have played a role in climate cooling.
María H. Toyos, Gisela Winckler, Helge W. Arz, Lester Lembke-Jene, Carina B. Lange, Gerhard Kuhn, and Frank Lamy
Clim. Past, 18, 147–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-147-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-147-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Past export production in the southeast Pacific and its link to Patagonian ice dynamics is unknown. We reconstruct biological productivity changes at the Pacific entrance to the Drake Passage, covering the past 400 000 years. We show that glacial–interglacial variability in export production responds to glaciogenic Fe supply from Patagonia and silica availability due to shifts in oceanic fronts, whereas dust, as a source of lithogenic material, plays a minor role.
Matthew Chadwick, Claire S. Allen, Louise C. Sime, Xavier Crosta, and Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
Clim. Past, 18, 129–146, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-129-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-129-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Algae preserved in marine sediments have allowed us to reconstruct how much winter sea ice was present around Antarctica during a past time period (130 000 years ago) when the climate was warmer than today. The patterns of sea-ice increase and decrease vary between different parts of the Southern Ocean. The Pacific sector has a largely stable sea-ice extent, whereas the amount of sea ice in the Atlantic sector is much more variable with bigger decreases and increases than other regions.
Karin Kvale, David P. Keller, Wolfgang Koeve, Katrin J. Meissner, Christopher J. Somes, Wanxuan Yao, and Andreas Oschlies
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 7255–7285, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7255-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7255-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new model of biological marine silicate cycling for the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model (UVic ESCM). This new model adds diatoms, which are a key aspect of the biological carbon pump, to an existing ecosystem model. Our modifications change how the model responds to warming, with net primary production declining more strongly than in previous versions. Diatoms in particular are simulated to decline with climate warming due to their high nutrient requirements.
Kelly-Anne Lawler, Giuseppe Cortese, Matthieu Civel-Mazens, Helen Bostock, Xavier Crosta, Amy Leventer, Vikki Lowe, John Rogers, and Leanne K. Armand
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5441–5453, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5441-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5441-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Radiolarians found in marine sediments are used to reconstruct past Southern Ocean environments. This requires a comprehensive modern dataset. The Southern Ocean Radiolarian (SO-RAD) dataset includes radiolarian counts from sites in the Southern Ocean. It can be used for palaeoceanographic reconstructions or to study modern species diversity and abundance. We describe the data collection and include recommendations for users unfamiliar with procedures typically used by the radiolarian community.
Rachel Diamond, Louise C. Sime, David Schroeder, and Maria-Vittoria Guarino
The Cryosphere, 15, 5099–5114, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5099-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5099-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 3 (HadGEM3) is the first coupled climate model to simulate an ice-free summer Arctic during the Last Interglacial (LIG), 127 000 years ago, and yields accurate Arctic surface temperatures. We investigate the causes and impacts of this extreme simulated ice loss and, in particular, the role of melt ponds.
Nele Lamping, Juliane Müller, Jens Hefter, Gesine Mollenhauer, Christian Haas, Xiaoxu Shi, Maria-Elena Vorrath, Gerrit Lohmann, and Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
Clim. Past, 17, 2305–2326, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2305-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2305-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed biomarker concentrations on surface sediment samples from the Antarctic continental margin. Highly branched isoprenoids and GDGTs are used for reconstructing recent sea-ice distribution patterns and ocean temperatures respectively. We compared our biomarker-based results with data obtained from satellite observations and estimated from a numerical model and find reasonable agreements. Further, we address caveats and provide recommendations for future investigations.
Kate E. Ashley, Xavier Crosta, Johan Etourneau, Philippine Campagne, Harry Gilchrist, Uthmaan Ibraheem, Sarah E. Greene, Sabine Schmidt, Yvette Eley, Guillaume Massé, and James Bendle
Biogeosciences, 18, 5555–5571, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5555-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5555-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the potential for the use of carbon isotopes of algal fatty acid as a new proxy for past primary productivity in Antarctic coastal zones. Coastal polynyas are hotspots of primary productivity and are known to draw down CO2 from the atmosphere. Reconstructions of past productivity changes could provide a baseline for the role of these areas as sinks for atmospheric CO2.
Jun Shao, Lowell D. Stott, Laurie Menviel, Andy Ridgwell, Malin Ödalen, and Mayhar Mohtadi
Clim. Past, 17, 1507–1521, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1507-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1507-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Planktic and shallow benthic foraminiferal stable carbon isotope
(δ13C) data show a rapid decline during the last deglaciation. This widespread signal was linked to respired carbon released from the deep ocean and its transport through the upper-ocean circulation. Using numerical simulations in which a stronger flux of respired carbon upwells and outcrops in the Southern Ocean, we find that the depleted δ13C signal is transmitted to the rest of the upper ocean through air–sea gas exchange.
Alice Marzocchi, A. J. George Nurser, Louis Clément, and Elaine L. McDonagh
Ocean Sci., 17, 935–952, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-935-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-935-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean absorbs a large proportion of the excess heat and anthropogenic carbon in the climate system. This uptake is modulated by air–sea fluxes and by the processes that transport water from the surface into the ocean’s interior. We performed numerical simulations with interannually varying passive tracers and identified the key role of surface atmospheric forcing in setting the longer-term variability in the distribution of the tracers after they are transported below the ocean’s surface.
Charlotte L. Spencer-Jones, Erin L. McClymont, Nicole J. Bale, Ellen C. Hopmans, Stefan Schouten, Juliane Müller, E. Povl Abrahamsen, Claire Allen, Torsten Bickert, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Elaine Mawbey, Victoria Peck, Aleksandra Svalova, and James A. Smith
Biogeosciences, 18, 3485–3504, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3485-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3485-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term ocean temperature records are needed to fully understand the impact of West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse. Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are powerful tools for reconstructing ocean temperature but can be difficult to apply to the Southern Ocean. Our results show active GDGT synthesis in relatively warm depths of the ocean. This research improves the application of GDGT palaeoceanographic proxies in the Southern Ocean.
Fanny Lhardy, Nathaëlle Bouttes, Didier M. Roche, Xavier Crosta, Claire Waelbroeck, and Didier Paillard
Clim. Past, 17, 1139–1159, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1139-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1139-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Climate models struggle to simulate a LGM ocean circulation in agreement with paleotracer data. Using a set of simulations, we test the impact of boundary conditions and other modelling choices. Model–data comparisons of sea-surface temperatures and sea-ice cover support an overall cold Southern Ocean, with implications on the AMOC strength. Changes in implemented boundary conditions are not sufficient to simulate a shallower AMOC; other mechanisms to better represent convection are required.
Janica C. Bühler, Carla Roesch, Moritz Kirschner, Louise Sime, Max D. Holloway, and Kira Rehfeld
Clim. Past, 17, 985–1004, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-985-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-985-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present three new isotope-enabled simulations for the last millennium (850–1850 CE) and compare them to records from a global speleothem database. Offsets between the simulated and measured oxygen isotope ratios are fairly small. While modeled oxygen isotope ratios are more variable on decadal timescales, proxy records are more variable on (multi-)centennial timescales. This could be due to a lack of long-term variability in complex model simulations, but proxy biases cannot be excluded.
Nicholas King-Hei Yeung, Laurie Menviel, Katrin J. Meissner, Andréa S. Taschetto, Tilo Ziehn, and Matthew Chamberlain
Clim. Past, 17, 869–885, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-869-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-869-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Last Interglacial period (LIG) is characterised by strong orbital forcing compared to the pre-industrial period (PI). This study compares the mean climate state of the LIG to the PI as simulated by the ACCESS-ESM1.5, with a focus on the southern hemispheric monsoons, which are shown to be consistently weakened. This is associated with cooler terrestrial conditions in austral summer due to decreased insolation, and greater pressure and subsidence over land from Hadley cell strengthening.
John J. Cassano, Melissa A. Nigro, Mark W. Seefeldt, Marwan Katurji, Kelly Guinn, Guy Williams, and Alice DuVivier
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 969–982, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-969-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-969-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Between January 2012 and June 2017, a small unmanned aerial system (sUAS), or drone, known as the Small Unmanned Meteorological Observer (SUMO), was used to observe the lowest 1000 m of the Antarctic atmosphere. During six Antarctic field campaigns, 116 SUMO flights were completed. These flights took place during all seasons over both permanent ice and ice-free locations on the Antarctic continent and over sea ice in the western Ross Sea providing unique observations of the Antarctic atmosphere.
Shannon A. Bengtson, Laurie C. Menviel, Katrin J. Meissner, Lise Missiaen, Carlye D. Peterson, Lorraine E. Lisiecki, and Fortunat Joos
Clim. Past, 17, 507–528, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-507-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-507-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The last interglacial was a warm period that may provide insights into future climates. Here, we compile and analyse stable carbon isotope data from the ocean during the last interglacial and compare it to the Holocene. The data show that Atlantic Ocean circulation was similar during the last interglacial and the Holocene. We also establish a difference in the mean oceanic carbon isotopic ratio between these periods, which was most likely caused by burial and weathering carbon fluxes.
Masa Kageyama, Louise C. Sime, Marie Sicard, Maria-Vittoria Guarino, Anne de Vernal, Ruediger Stein, David Schroeder, Irene Malmierca-Vallet, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Cecilia Bitz, Pascale Braconnot, Esther C. Brady, Jian Cao, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Danny Feltham, Chuncheng Guo, Allegra N. LeGrande, Gerrit Lohmann, Katrin J. Meissner, Laurie Menviel, Polina Morozova, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Ryouta O'ishi, Silvana Ramos Buarque, David Salas y Melia, Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Julienne Stroeve, Xiaoxu Shi, Bo Sun, Robert A. Tomas, Evgeny Volodin, Nicholas K. H. Yeung, Qiong Zhang, Zhongshi Zhang, Weipeng Zheng, and Tilo Ziehn
Clim. Past, 17, 37–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-37-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-37-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Last interglacial (ca. 127 000 years ago) is a period with increased summer insolation at high northern latitudes, resulting in a strong reduction in Arctic sea ice. The latest PMIP4-CMIP6 models all simulate this decrease, consistent with reconstructions. However, neither the models nor the reconstructions agree on the possibility of a seasonally ice-free Arctic. Work to clarify the reasons for this model divergence and the conflicting interpretations of the records will thus be needed.
Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Esther C. Brady, Anni Zhao, Chris M. Brierley, Yarrow Axford, Emilie Capron, Aline Govin, Jeremy S. Hoffman, Elizabeth Isaacs, Masa Kageyama, Paolo Scussolini, Polychronis C. Tzedakis, Charles J. R. Williams, Eric Wolff, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Pascale Braconnot, Silvana Ramos Buarque, Jian Cao, Anne de Vernal, Maria Vittoria Guarino, Chuncheng Guo, Allegra N. LeGrande, Gerrit Lohmann, Katrin J. Meissner, Laurie Menviel, Polina A. Morozova, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Ryouta O'ishi, David Salas y Mélia, Xiaoxu Shi, Marie Sicard, Louise Sime, Christian Stepanek, Robert Tomas, Evgeny Volodin, Nicholas K. H. Yeung, Qiong Zhang, Zhongshi Zhang, and Weipeng Zheng
Clim. Past, 17, 63–94, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-63-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-63-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The CMIP6–PMIP4 Tier 1 lig127k experiment was designed to address the climate responses to strong orbital forcing. We present a multi-model ensemble of 17 climate models, most of which have also completed the CMIP6 DECK experiments and are thus important for assessing future projections. The lig127ksimulations show strong summer warming over the NH continents. More than half of the models simulate a retreat of the Arctic minimum summer ice edge similar to the average for 2000–2018.
Kate E. Ashley, Robert McKay, Johan Etourneau, Francisco J. Jimenez-Espejo, Alan Condron, Anna Albot, Xavier Crosta, Christina Riesselman, Osamu Seki, Guillaume Massé, Nicholas R. Golledge, Edward Gasson, Daniel P. Lowry, Nicholas E. Barrand, Katelyn Johnson, Nancy Bertler, Carlota Escutia, Robert Dunbar, and James A. Bendle
Clim. Past, 17, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a multi-proxy record of Holocene glacial meltwater input, sediment transport, and sea-ice variability off East Antarctica. Our record shows that a rapid Antarctic sea-ice increase during the mid-Holocene (~ 4.5 ka) occurred against a backdrop of increasing glacial meltwater input and gradual climate warming. We suggest that mid-Holocene ice shelf cavity expansion led to cooling of surface waters and sea-ice growth, which slowed basal ice shelf melting.
Irene Malmierca-Vallet, Louise C. Sime, Paul J. Valdes, and Julia C. Tindall
Clim. Past, 16, 2485–2508, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2485-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2485-2020, 2020
Maria-Elena Vorrath, Juliane Müller, Lorena Rebolledo, Paola Cárdenas, Xiaoxu Shi, Oliver Esper, Thomas Opel, Walter Geibert, Práxedes Muñoz, Christian Haas, Gerhard Kuhn, Carina B. Lange, Gerrit Lohmann, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Clim. Past, 16, 2459–2483, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2459-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2459-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We tested the applicability of the organic biomarker IPSO25 for sea ice reconstructions in the industrial era at the western Antarctic Peninsula. We successfully evaluated our data with satellite sea ice observations. The comparison with marine and ice core records revealed that sea ice interpretations must consider climatic and sea ice dynamics. Sea ice biomarker production is mainly influenced by the Southern Annular Mode, while the El Niño–Southern Oscillation seems to have a minor impact.
Práxedes Muñoz, Lorena Rebolledo, Laurent Dezileau, Antonio Maldonado, Christoph Mayr, Paola Cárdenas, Carina B. Lange, Katherine Lalangui, Gloria Sanchez, Marco Salamanca, Karen Araya, Ignacio Jara, Gabriel Easton, and Marcel Ramos
Biogeosciences, 17, 5763–5785, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5763-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5763-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze marine sedimentary records to study temporal changes in oxygen and productivity in marine waters of central Chile. We observed increasing oxygenation and decreasing productivity from 6000 kyr ago to the modern era that seem to respond to El Niño–Southern Oscillation activity. In the past centuries, deoxygenation and higher productivity are re-established, mainly in the northern zones of Chile and Peru. Meanwhile, in north-central Chile the deoxygenation trend is maintained.
Josephine R. Brown, Chris M. Brierley, Soon-Il An, Maria-Vittoria Guarino, Samantha Stevenson, Charles J. R. Williams, Qiong Zhang, Anni Zhao, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Pascale Braconnot, Esther C. Brady, Deepak Chandan, Roberta D'Agostino, Chuncheng Guo, Allegra N. LeGrande, Gerrit Lohmann, Polina A. Morozova, Rumi Ohgaito, Ryouta O'ishi, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, W. Richard Peltier, Xiaoxu Shi, Louise Sime, Evgeny M. Volodin, Zhongshi Zhang, and Weipeng Zheng
Clim. Past, 16, 1777–1805, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1777-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1777-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the largest source of year-to-year variability in the current climate, but the response of ENSO to past or future changes in climate is uncertain. This study compares the strength and spatial pattern of ENSO in a set of climate model simulations in order to explore how ENSO changes in different climates, including past cold glacial climates and past climates with different seasonal cycles, as well as gradual and abrupt future warming cases.
Nadine Mengis, David P. Keller, Andrew H. MacDougall, Michael Eby, Nesha Wright, Katrin J. Meissner, Andreas Oschlies, Andreas Schmittner, Alexander J. MacIsaac, H. Damon Matthews, and Kirsten Zickfeld
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 4183–4204, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4183-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4183-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we evaluate the newest version of the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model (UVic ESCM 2.10). Combining recent model developments as a joint effort, this version is to be used in the next phase of model intercomparison and climate change studies. The UVic ESCM 2.10 is capable of reproducing changes in historical temperature and carbon fluxes well. Additionally, the model is able to reproduce the three-dimensional distribution of many ocean tracers.
Heike H. Zimmermann, Kathleen R. Stoof-Leichsenring, Stefan Kruse, Juliane Müller, Ruediger Stein, Ralf Tiedemann, and Ulrike Herzschuh
Ocean Sci., 16, 1017–1032, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-1017-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-1017-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study targets high-resolution, diatom-specific sedimentary ancient DNA using a DNA metabarcoding approach. Diatom DNA has been preserved with substantial taxonomic richness in the eastern Fram Strait over the past 30 000 years with taxonomic composition being dominated by cold-water and sea-ice-associated diatoms. Taxonomic reorganisations took place after the Last Glacial Maximum and after the Younger Dryas. Peak proportions of pennate diatoms might indicate past sea-ice presence.
Erin L. McClymont, Heather L. Ford, Sze Ling Ho, Julia C. Tindall, Alan M. Haywood, Montserrat Alonso-Garcia, Ian Bailey, Melissa A. Berke, Kate Littler, Molly O. Patterson, Benjamin Petrick, Francien Peterse, A. Christina Ravelo, Bjørg Risebrobakken, Stijn De Schepper, George E. A. Swann, Kaustubh Thirumalai, Jessica E. Tierney, Carolien van der Weijst, Sarah White, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Michiel L. J. Baatsen, Esther C. Brady, Wing-Le Chan, Deepak Chandan, Ran Feng, Chuncheng Guo, Anna S. von der Heydt, Stephen Hunter, Xiangyi Li, Gerrit Lohmann, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, W. Richard Peltier, Christian Stepanek, and Zhongshi Zhang
Clim. Past, 16, 1599–1615, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1599-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1599-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the sea-surface temperature response to an interval of climate ~ 3.2 million years ago, when CO2 concentrations were similar to today and the near future. Our geological data and climate models show that global mean sea-surface temperatures were 2.3 to 3.2 ºC warmer than pre-industrial climate, that the mid-latitudes and high latitudes warmed more than the tropics, and that the warming was particularly enhanced in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Lisa Claire Orme, Xavier Crosta, Arto Miettinen, Dmitry V. Divine, Katrine Husum, Elisabeth Isaksson, Lukas Wacker, Rahul Mohan, Olivier Ther, and Minoru Ikehara
Clim. Past, 16, 1451–1467, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1451-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1451-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A record of past sea temperature in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, spanning the last 14 200 years, has been developed by analysis of fossil diatoms in marine sediment. During the late deglaciation the reconstructed temperature changes were highly similar to those over Antarctica, most likely due to a reorganisation of global ocean and atmospheric circulation. During the last 11 600 years temperatures gradually cooled and became increasingly variable.
Charles J. R. Williams, Maria-Vittoria Guarino, Emilie Capron, Irene Malmierca-Vallet, Joy S. Singarayer, Louise C. Sime, Daniel J. Lunt, and Paul J. Valdes
Clim. Past, 16, 1429–1450, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1429-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1429-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Computer simulations of the geological past are an important tool to improve our understanding of climate change. We present results from two simulations using the latest version of the UK's climate model, the mid-Holocene (6000 years ago) and Last Interglacial (127 000 years ago). The simulations reproduce temperatures consistent with the pattern of incoming radiation. Model–data comparisons indicate that some regions (and some seasons) produce better matches to the data than others.
Andrew H. MacDougall, Thomas L. Frölicher, Chris D. Jones, Joeri Rogelj, H. Damon Matthews, Kirsten Zickfeld, Vivek K. Arora, Noah J. Barrett, Victor Brovkin, Friedrich A. Burger, Micheal Eby, Alexey V. Eliseev, Tomohiro Hajima, Philip B. Holden, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes, Charles Koven, Nadine Mengis, Laurie Menviel, Martine Michou, Igor I. Mokhov, Akira Oka, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Gary Shaffer, Andrei Sokolov, Kaoru Tachiiri, Jerry Tjiputra, Andrew Wiltshire, and Tilo Ziehn
Biogeosciences, 17, 2987–3016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2987-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2987-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Zero Emissions Commitment (ZEC) is the change in global temperature expected to occur following the complete cessation of CO2 emissions. Here we use 18 climate models to assess the value of ZEC. For our experiment we find that ZEC 50 years after emissions cease is between −0.36 to +0.29 °C. The most likely value of ZEC is assessed to be close to zero. However, substantial continued warming for decades or centuries following cessation of CO2 emission cannot be ruled out.
Alice K. DuVivier, Patricia DeRepentigny, Marika M. Holland, Melinda Webster, Jennifer E. Kay, and Donald Perovich
The Cryosphere, 14, 1259–1271, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1259-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1259-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In autumn 2019, a ship will be frozen into the Arctic sea ice for a year to study system changes. We analyze climate model data from a group of experiments and follow virtual sea ice floes throughout a year. The modeled sea ice conditions along possible tracks are highly variable. Observations that sample a wide range of sea ice conditions and represent the variety and diversity in possible conditions are necessary for improving climate model parameterizations over all types of sea ice.
Quentin Dalaiden, Hugues Goosse, François Klein, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Max Holloway, Louise Sime, and Elizabeth R. Thomas
The Cryosphere, 14, 1187–1207, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1187-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1187-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Large uncertainties remain in Antarctic surface temperature reconstructions over the last millennium. Here, the analysis of climate model outputs reveals that snow accumulation is a more relevant proxy for surface temperature reconstructions than δ18O. We use this finding in data assimilation experiments to compare to observed surface temperatures. We show that our continental temperature reconstruction outperforms reconstructions based on δ18O, especially for East Antarctica.
Maria Luisa Sánchez-Montes, Erin L. McClymont, Jeremy M. Lloyd, Juliane Müller, Ellen A. Cowan, and Coralie Zorzi
Clim. Past, 16, 299–313, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-299-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-299-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we present new climate reconstructions in SW Alaska from recovered marine sediments in the Gulf of Alaska. We find that glaciers reached the Gulf of Alaska during a cooling climate 2.9 million years ago, and after that the Cordilleran Ice Sheet continued growing during a global drop in atmospheric CO2 levels. Cordilleran Ice Sheet growth could have been supported by an increase in heat supply to the SW Alaska and warm ocean evaporation–mountain precipitation mechanisms.
Maria-Vittoria Guarino, Louise C. Sime, David Schroeder, Grenville M. S. Lister, and Rosalyn Hatcher
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 139–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-139-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-139-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
When the same weather or climate simulation is run on different high-performance computing (HPC) platforms, model outputs may not be identical for a given initial condition. Here, we investigate the behaviour of the Preindustrial simulation prepared by the UK Met Office for the forthcoming CMIP6 under different computing environments. Discrepancies between the means of key climate variables were analysed at different timescales, from decadal to centennial.
Juan Pablo Corella, Niccolo Maffezzoli, Carlos Alberto Cuevas, Paul Vallelonga, Andrea Spolaor, Giulio Cozzi, Juliane Müller, Bo Vinther, Carlo Barbante, Helle Astrid Kjær, Ross Edwards, and Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Clim. Past, 15, 2019–2030, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-2019-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-2019-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides the first reconstruction of atmospheric iodine levels in the Arctic during the last 11 700 years from an ice core record in coastal Greenland. Dramatic shifts in iodine level variability coincide with abrupt climatic transitions in the North Atlantic. Since atmospheric iodine levels have significant environmental and climatic implications, this study may serve as a past analog to predict future changes in Arctic climate in response to global warming.
Anna Mikis, Katharine R. Hendry, Jennifer Pike, Daniela N. Schmidt, Kirsty M. Edgar, Victoria Peck, Frank J. C. Peeters, Melanie J. Leng, Michael P. Meredith, Chloe L. C. Jones, Sharon Stammerjohn, and Hugh Ducklow
Biogeosciences, 16, 3267–3282, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3267-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3267-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic marine calcifying organisms are threatened by regional climate change and ocean acidification. Future projections of regional carbonate production are challenging due to the lack of historical data combined with complex climate variability. We present a 6-year record of flux, morphology and geochemistry of an Antarctic planktonic foraminifera, which shows that their growth is most sensitive to sea ice dynamics and is linked with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation.
Laurie Menviel, Emilie Capron, Aline Govin, Andrea Dutton, Lev Tarasov, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Russell N. Drysdale, Philip L. Gibbard, Lauren Gregoire, Feng He, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Masa Kageyama, Kenji Kawamura, Amaelle Landais, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Ikumi Oyabu, Polychronis C. Tzedakis, Eric Wolff, and Xu Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 3649–3685, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3649-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3649-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
As part of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) working group on Quaternary Interglacials, we propose a protocol to perform transient simulations of the penultimate deglaciation for the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4). This design includes time-varying changes in orbital forcing, greenhouse gas concentrations, continental ice sheets as well as freshwater input from the disintegration of continental ice sheets. Key paleo-records for model-data comparison are also included.
James A. Menking, Edward J. Brook, Sarah A. Shackleton, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Michael N. Dyonisius, Vasilii Petrenko, Joseph R. McConnell, Rachael H. Rhodes, Thomas K. Bauska, Daniel Baggenstos, Shaun Marcott, and Stephen Barker
Clim. Past, 15, 1537–1556, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1537-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1537-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
An ice core from Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, spans a period ~ 70 000 years ago when Earth entered the last ice age. Chemical analyses of the ice and air bubbles allow for an independent determination of the ages of the ice and gas bubbles. The difference between the age of the ice and the bubbles at any given depth, called ∆age, is unusually high in the Taylor Glacier core compared to the Taylor Dome ice core situated to the south. This implies a dramatic accumulation gradient between the sites.
Maria-Elena Vorrath, Juliane Müller, Oliver Esper, Gesine Mollenhauer, Christian Haas, Enno Schefuß, and Kirsten Fahl
Biogeosciences, 16, 2961–2981, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2961-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2961-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The study highlights new approaches in the investigation of past sea ice in Antarctica to reconstruct the climate conditions in earth's history and reveal its future development under global warming. We examined the distribution of organic remains from different algae at the Western Antarctic Peninsula and compared it to fossil and satellite records. We evaluated IPSO25 – the sea ice proxy for the Southern Ocean with 25 carbon atoms – as a useful tool for sea ice reconstructions in this region.
Xin Yang, Markus M. Frey, Rachael H. Rhodes, Sarah J. Norris, Ian M. Brooks, Philip S. Anderson, Kouichi Nishimura, Anna E. Jones, and Eric W. Wolff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8407–8424, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8407-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8407-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This is a comprehensive model–data comparison aiming to evaluate the proposed mechanism of sea salt aerosol (SSA) production from blowing snow on sea ice. Some key parameters such as snow salinity and blowing-snow size distribution were constrained by data collected in the Weddell Sea. The good agreement between modelled SSA and the cruise data strongly indicates that sea ice surface is a large SSA source in polar regions, a process which has not been considered in current climate models.
Karin F. Kvale, Katherine E. Turner, Angela Landolfi, and Katrin J. Meissner
Biogeosciences, 16, 1019–1034, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1019-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1019-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Drivers motivating the evolution of calcifying phytoplankton are poorly understood. We explore differences in global ocean chemistry with and without calcifiers during rapid climate changes. We find the presence of phytoplankton calcifiers stabilizes the volume of low oxygen regions and consequently stabilizes the concentration of nitrate, which is an important nutrient required for photosynthesis. By stabilizing nitrate concentrations, calcifiers improve their growth conditions.
Daniel P. Lowry, Nicholas R. Golledge, Laurie Menviel, and Nancy A. N. Bertler
Clim. Past, 15, 189–215, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-189-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-189-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Using two climate models, we seek to better understand changes in Antarctic climate and Southern Ocean conditions during the last deglaciation. We highlight the importance of sea ice and ice topography changes for Antarctic surface temperatures and snow accumulation as well as the sensitivity of Southern Ocean temperatures to meltwater fluxes. The results demonstrate that climate model simulations of the deglaciation could be greatly improved by considering ice–ocean interactions and feedbacks.
Michael A. Brunke, John J. Cassano, Nicholas Dawson, Alice K. DuVivier, William J. Gutowski Jr., Joseph Hamman, Wieslaw Maslowski, Bart Nijssen, J. E. Jack Reeves Eyre, José C. Renteria, Andrew Roberts, and Xubin Zeng
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 4817–4841, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4817-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4817-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Regional Arctic System Model version 1 (RASM1) was recently developed for high-resolution simulation of the coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea ice–land system in the Arctic. Its simulation of the atmosphere–land–ocean–sea ice interface is evaluated by using the spread in recent reanalyses and a global Earth system model as baselines. Such comparisons reveal that RASM1 simulates precipitation well and improves the simulation of surface fluxes over sea ice.
Amaëlle Landais, Emilie Capron, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Samuel Toucanne, Rachael Rhodes, Trevor Popp, Bo Vinther, Bénédicte Minster, and Frédéric Prié
Clim. Past, 14, 1405–1415, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1405-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1405-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
During the last glacial–interglacial climate transition (120 000 to 10 000 years before present), Greenland climate and midlatitude North Atlantic climate and water cycle vary in phase over the succession of millennial events. We identify here one notable exception to this behavior with a decoupling unambiguously identified through a combination of water isotopic tracers measured in a Greenland ice core. The midlatitude moisture source becomes warmer and wetter at 16 200 years before present.
Laurie Menviel, Emilie Capron, Aline Govin, Andrea Dutton, Lev Tarasov, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Russell Drysdale, Philip Gibbard, Lauren Gregoire, Feng He, Ruza Ivanovic, Masa Kageyama, Kenji Kawamura, Amaelle Landais, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Ikumi Oyabu, Polychronis Tzedakis, Eric Wolff, and Xu Zhang
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-106, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-106, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The penultimate deglaciation (~ 138–128 ka), which represents the transition into the Last Interglacial period, provides a framework to investigate the climate and environmental response to large changes in boundary conditions. Here, as part of the PAGES-PMIP working group on Quaternary Interglacials, we propose a protocol to perform transient simulations of the penultimate deglaciation as well as a selection of paleo records for upcoming model-data comparisons.
Dominic A. Hodgson, Kelly Hogan, James M. Smith, James A. Smith, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Alastair G. C. Graham, Peter Fretwell, Claire Allen, Vicky Peck, Jan-Erik Arndt, Boris Dorschel, Christian Hübscher, Andrew M. Smith, and Robert Larter
The Cryosphere, 12, 2383–2399, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2383-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2383-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the Coats Land ice margin, Antarctica, providing a multi-disciplinary geophysical assessment of the ice sheet configuration through its last advance and retreat; a description of the physical constraints on the stability of the past and present ice and future margin based on its submarine geomorphology and ice-sheet geometry; and evidence that once detached from the bed, the ice shelves in this region were predisposed to rapid retreat back to coastal grounding lines.
Kaitlin A. Naughten, Katrin J. Meissner, Benjamin K. Galton-Fenzi, Matthew H. England, Ralph Timmermann, Hartmut H. Hellmer, Tore Hattermann, and Jens B. Debernard
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 1257–1292, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1257-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1257-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
MetROMS and FESOM are two ocean/sea-ice models which resolve Antarctic ice-shelf cavities and consider thermodynamics at the ice-shelf base. We simulate the period 1992–2016 with both models, and with two options for resolution in FESOM, and compare output from the three simulations. Ice-shelf melt rates, sub-ice-shelf circulation, continental shelf water masses, and sea-ice processes are compared and evaluated against available observations.
Nathaelle Bouttes, Didier Swingedouw, Didier M. Roche, Maria F. Sanchez-Goni, and Xavier Crosta
Clim. Past, 14, 239–253, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-239-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-239-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric CO2 is key for climate change. CO2 is lower during the oldest warm period of the last million years, the interglacials, than during the most recent ones (since 430 000 years ago). This difference has not been explained yet, but could be due to changes of ocean circulation. We test this hypothesis and the role of vegetation and ice sheets using an intermediate complexity model. We show that only small changes of CO2 can be obtained, underlying missing feedbacks or mechanisms.
Nancy A. N. Bertler, Howard Conway, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Daniel B. Emanuelsson, Mai Winstrup, Paul T. Vallelonga, James E. Lee, Ed J. Brook, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Taylor J. Fudge, Elizabeth D. Keller, W. Troy Baisden, Richard C. A. Hindmarsh, Peter D. Neff, Thomas Blunier, Ross Edwards, Paul A. Mayewski, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Christo Buizert, Silvia Canessa, Ruzica Dadic, Helle A. Kjær, Andrei Kurbatov, Dongqi Zhang, Edwin D. Waddington, Giovanni Baccolo, Thomas Beers, Hannah J. Brightley, Lionel Carter, David Clemens-Sewall, Viorela G. Ciobanu, Barbara Delmonte, Lukas Eling, Aja Ellis, Shruthi Ganesh, Nicholas R. Golledge, Skylar Haines, Michael Handley, Robert L. Hawley, Chad M. Hogan, Katelyn M. Johnson, Elena Korotkikh, Daniel P. Lowry, Darcy Mandeno, Robert M. McKay, James A. Menking, Timothy R. Naish, Caroline Noerling, Agathe Ollive, Anaïs Orsi, Bernadette C. Proemse, Alexander R. Pyne, Rebecca L. Pyne, James Renwick, Reed P. Scherer, Stefanie Semper, Marius Simonsen, Sharon B. Sneed, Eric J. Steig, Andrea Tuohy, Abhijith Ulayottil Venugopal, Fernando Valero-Delgado, Janani Venkatesh, Feitang Wang, Shimeng Wang, Dominic A. Winski, V. Holly L. Winton, Arran Whiteford, Cunde Xiao, Jiao Yang, and Xin Zhang
Clim. Past, 14, 193–214, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-193-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-193-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Temperature and snow accumulation records from the annually dated Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core show that for the past 2 700 years, the eastern Ross Sea warmed, while the western Ross Sea showed no trend and West Antarctica cooled. From the 17th century onwards, this dipole relationship changed. Now all three regions show concurrent warming, with snow accumulation declining in West Antarctica and the eastern Ross Sea.
Rowan Dejardin, Sev Kender, Claire S. Allen, Melanie J. Leng, George E. A. Swann, and Victoria L. Peck
J. Micropalaeontol., 37, 25–71, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-25-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-25-2018, 2018
Karin F. Kvale and Katrin J. Meissner
Biogeosciences, 14, 4767–4780, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4767-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4767-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Climate models containing ocean biogeochemistry contain a lot of poorly constrained parameters, which makes model tuning difficult. For more than 20 years modellers have generally assumed phytoplankton light attenuation parameter value choice has an insignificant affect on model ocean primary production; thus, it is often overlooked for tuning. We show that an empirical range of light attenuation parameter values can affect primary production, with increasing sensitivity under climate change.
Paul J. Valdes, Edward Armstrong, Marcus P. S. Badger, Catherine D. Bradshaw, Fran Bragg, Michel Crucifix, Taraka Davies-Barnard, Jonathan J. Day, Alex Farnsworth, Chris Gordon, Peter O. Hopcroft, Alan T. Kennedy, Natalie S. Lord, Dan J. Lunt, Alice Marzocchi, Louise M. Parry, Vicky Pope, William H. G. Roberts, Emma J. Stone, Gregory J. L. Tourte, and Jonny H. T. Williams
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 3715–3743, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3715-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3715-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we describe the family of climate models used by the BRIDGE research group at the University of Bristol as well as by various other institutions. These models are based on the UK Met Office HadCM3 models and here we describe the various modifications which have been made as well as the key features of a number of configurations in use.
Imogen M. Browne, Christopher M. Moy, Christina R. Riesselman, Helen L. Neil, Lorelei G. Curtin, Andrew R. Gorman, and Gary S. Wilson
Clim. Past, 13, 1301–1322, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1301-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1301-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The westerly winds determine weather patterns and exert an effect on carbon dioxide (CO2) flux in and out of the Southern Ocean, an important sink for atmospheric CO2. Our research reconstructs changes in the westerlies over the past 5000 years, using a marine sediment core record collected from the subantarctic Auckland Islands. Our results indicate an intensification of the westerlies around 1600 years ago, contemporaneous with other records from comparable latitudes across the Pacific Ocean.
Rachael H. Rhodes, Xin Yang, Eric W. Wolff, Joseph R. McConnell, and Markus M. Frey
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9417–9433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9417-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9417-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Sea salt aerosol comes from the open ocean or the sea ice surface. In the polar regions, this opens up the possibility of reconstructing sea ice history using sea salt recorded in ice cores. We use a chemical transport model to demonstrate that the sea ice source of aerosol is important in the Arctic. For the first time, we simulate realistic Greenland ice core sea salt in a process-based model. The importance of the sea ice source increases from south to north across the Greenland ice sheet.
Daniela Niemeyer, Tronje P. Kemena, Katrin J. Meissner, and Andreas Oschlies
Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 357–367, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-357-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-357-2017, 2017
Olivia J. Maselli, Nathan J. Chellman, Mackenzie Grieman, Lawrence Layman, Joseph R. McConnell, Daniel Pasteris, Rachael H. Rhodes, Eric Saltzman, and Michael Sigl
Clim. Past, 13, 39–59, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-39-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-39-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed two Greenland ice cores for methanesulfonate (MSA) and bromine (Br) and concluded that both species are suitable proxies for local sea ice conditions. Interpretation of the records reveals that there have been sharp declines in sea ice in these areas in the past 250 years. However, at both sites the Br record deviates from MSA during the industrial period, raising questions about the value of Br as a sea ice proxy during recent periods of high, industrial, atmospheric acid pollution.
Louise C. Sime, Dominic Hodgson, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Claire Allen, Bianca Perren, Stephen Roberts, and Agatha M. de Boer
Clim. Past, 12, 2241–2253, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2241-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2241-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Latitudinal shifts in the Southern Ocean westerly wind jet could explain large observed changes in the glacial to interglacial ocean CO2 inventory. However there is considerable disagreement in modelled deglacial-warming jet shifts. Here multi-model output is used to show that expansion of sea ice during the glacial period likely caused a slight poleward shift and intensification in the westerly wind jet. Issues with model representation of the winds caused much of the previous disagreement.
Philippine Campagne, Xavier Crosta, Sabine Schmidt, Marie Noëlle Houssais, Olivier Ther, and Guillaume Massé
Biogeosciences, 13, 4205–4218, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4205-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4205-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Diatoms and biomarkers have been recently used for palaeoclimate reconstructions in the Southern Ocean. Few sediment-based ecological studies have investigated their relationships with environmental conditions. Here, we compare high-resolution sedimentary records with meteorological data to study relationships between our proxies and recent atmospheric and sea surface changes. Our results indicate that coupled wind pattern and sea surface variability act as the proximal forcing at that scale.
Rachael H. Rhodes, Xavier Faïn, Edward J. Brook, Joseph R. McConnell, Olivia J. Maselli, Michael Sigl, Jon Edwards, Christo Buizert, Thomas Blunier, Jérôme Chappellaz, and Johannes Freitag
Clim. Past, 12, 1061–1077, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1061-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1061-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Local artifacts in ice core methane data are superimposed on consistent records of past atmospheric variability. These artifacts are not related to past atmospheric history and care should be taken to avoid interpreting them as such. By investigating five polar ice cores from sites with different conditions, we relate isolated methane spikes to melt layers and decimetre-scale variations as "trapping signal" associated with a difference in timing of air bubble closure in adjacent firn layers.
Michael Sigl, Tyler J. Fudge, Mai Winstrup, Jihong Cole-Dai, David Ferris, Joseph R. McConnell, Ken C. Taylor, Kees C. Welten, Thomas E. Woodruff, Florian Adolphi, Marion Bisiaux, Edward J. Brook, Christo Buizert, Marc W. Caffee, Nelia W. Dunbar, Ross Edwards, Lei Geng, Nels Iverson, Bess Koffman, Lawrence Layman, Olivia J. Maselli, Kenneth McGwire, Raimund Muscheler, Kunihiko Nishiizumi, Daniel R. Pasteris, Rachael H. Rhodes, and Todd A. Sowers
Clim. Past, 12, 769–786, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-769-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-769-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present a chronology (WD2014) for the upper part (0–2850 m; 31.2 ka BP) of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core, which is based on layer counting of distinctive annual cycles preserved in the elemental, chemical and electrical conductivity records. We validated the chronology by comparing it to independent high-accuracy, absolutely dated chronologies. Given its demonstrated high accuracy, WD2014 can become a reference chronology for the Southern Hemisphere.
B. Srain, S. Pantoja, J. Sepúlveda, C. B. Lange, P. Muñoz, R. E. Summons, J. McKay, and M. Salamanca
Biogeosciences, 12, 6045–6058, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6045-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6045-2015, 2015
A. Marzocchi, D. J. Lunt, R. Flecker, C. D. Bradshaw, A. Farnsworth, and F. J. Hilgen
Clim. Past, 11, 1271–1295, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1271-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1271-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the climatic response to orbital forcing through the analysis of an ensemble of simulations covering a late Miocene precession cycle. Including orbital variability in our model–data comparison reduces the mismatch between the proxy record and model output. Our results indicate that ignoring orbital variability could lead to miscorrelations in proxy reconstructions. The North African summer monsoon's sensitivity is high to orbits, moderate to paleogeography and low to CO2.
C. Buizert, K. M. Cuffey, J. P. Severinghaus, D. Baggenstos, T. J. Fudge, E. J. Steig, B. R. Markle, M. Winstrup, R. H. Rhodes, E. J. Brook, T. A. Sowers, G. D. Clow, H. Cheng, R. L. Edwards, M. Sigl, J. R. McConnell, and K. C. Taylor
Clim. Past, 11, 153–173, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-153-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-153-2015, 2015
H. Kuehn, L. Lembke-Jene, R. Gersonde, O. Esper, F. Lamy, H. Arz, G. Kuhn, and R. Tiedemann
Clim. Past, 10, 2215–2236, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2215-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2215-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Annually laminated sediments from the NE Bering Sea reveal a decadal-scale correlation to Greenland ice core records during termination I, suggesting an atmospheric teleconnection. Lamination occurrence is tightly coupled to Bølling-Allerød and Preboreal warm phases. Increases in export production, closely coupled to SST and sea ice changes, are hypothesized to be a main cause of deglacial anoxia, rather than changes in overturning/ventilation rates of mid-depth waters entering the Bering Sea.
X. Faïn, J. Chappellaz, R. H. Rhodes, C. Stowasser, T. Blunier, J. R. McConnell, E. J. Brook, S. Preunkert, M. Legrand, T. Debois, and D. Romanini
Clim. Past, 10, 987–1000, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-987-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-987-2014, 2014
K. F. Kvale, K. J. Meissner, D. P. Keller, M. Eby, and A. Schmittner
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-1709-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-1709-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted
L. Menviel, A. Timmermann, T. Friedrich, and M. H. England
Clim. Past, 10, 63–77, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-63-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-63-2014, 2014
J. Etourneau, L. G. Collins, V. Willmott, J.-H. Kim, L. Barbara, A. Leventer, S. Schouten, J. S. Sinninghe Damsté, A. Bianchini, V. Klein, X. Crosta, and G. Massé
Clim. Past, 9, 1431–1446, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1431-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1431-2013, 2013
P. Mathiot, H. Goosse, X. Crosta, B. Stenni, M. Braida, H. Renssen, C. J. Van Meerbeeck, V. Masson-Delmotte, A. Mairesse, and S. Dubinkina
Clim. Past, 9, 887–901, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-887-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-887-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Proxy Use-Development-Validation | Archive: Marine Archives | Timescale: Pleistocene
Testing the reliability of global surface temperature reconstructions of the last glacial cycle
Monsoon-driven changes in aeolian and fluvial sediment input to the central Red Sea recorded throughout the last 200 000 years
Orbital CO2 reconstruction using boron isotopes during the late Pleistocene, an assessment of accuracy
Bayesian age models and stacks: combining age inferences from radiocarbon and benthic δ18O stratigraphic alignment
A 600 kyr reconstruction of deep Arctic seawater δ18O from benthic foraminiferal δ18O and ostracode Mg ∕ Ca paleothermometry
Reorganization of Atlantic Waters at sub-polar latitudes linked to deep-water overflow in both glacial and interglacial climate states
Parallel between the isotopic composition of coccolith calcite and carbon levels across Termination II: developing a new paleo-CO2 probe
A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP)
Contrasting late-glacial paleoceanographic evolution between the upper and lower continental slope of the western South Atlantic
Modal shift in North Atlantic seasonality during the last deglaciation
Technical note: PaleoDataView – a software toolbox for the collection, homogenization and visualization of marine proxy data
Sensitivity to species selection indicates the effect of nuisance variables on marine microfossil transfer functions
Insensitivity of alkenone carbon isotopes to atmospheric CO2 at low to moderate CO2 levels
Extreme lowering of deglacial seawater radiocarbon recorded by both epifaunal and infaunal benthic foraminifera in a wood-dated sediment core
A Late Quaternary climate record based on long-chain diol proxies from the Chilean margin
Moving beyond the age–depth model paradigm in deep-sea palaeoclimate archives: dual radiocarbon and stable isotope analysis on single foraminifera
Quantifying the effect of seasonal and vertical habitat tracking on planktonic foraminifera proxies
Water and carbon stable isotope records from natural archives: a new database and interactive online platform for data browsing, visualizing and downloading
Palaeo-sea-level and palaeo-ice-sheet databases: problems, strategies, and perspectives
Multiproxy reconstruction for Kuroshio responses to northern hemispheric oceanic climate and the Asian Monsoon since Marine Isotope Stage 5.1 (∼88 ka)
Hydrographic changes in the Agulhas Recirculation Region during the late Quaternary
Salinity changes in the Agulhas leakage area recorded by stable hydrogen isotopes of C37 alkenones during Termination I and II
Mismatch between the depth habitat of planktonic foraminifera and the calibration depth of SST transfer functions may bias reconstructions
Jean-Philippe Baudouin, Nils Weitzel, Maximilian May, Lukas Jonkers, Andrew M. Dolman, and Kira Rehfeld
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1387, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1387, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We explore past global temperatures, critical for climate change comprehension. We devise a method to test temperature reconstruction using climate simulations. Uncertainties, mainly from past temperature measurement methods and age determination, impact reconstructions over time. While more data enhances accuracy for long-term trends, high quality data are more important for short-term precision. Our study lays the groundwork for better reconstructions and suggests avenues for improvement.
Werner Ehrmann, Paul A. Wilson, Helge W. Arz, Hartmut Schulz, and Gerhard Schmiedl
Clim. Past, 20, 37–52, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-37-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-37-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climatic and associated hydrological changes controlled the aeolian versus fluvial transport processes and the composition of the sediments in the central Red Sea through the last ca. 200 kyr. We identify source areas of the mineral dust and pulses of fluvial discharge based on high-resolution grain size, clay mineral, and geochemical data, together with Nd and Sr isotope data. We provide a detailed reconstruction of changes in aridity/humidity.
Elwyn de la Vega, Thomas B. Chalk, Mathis P. Hain, Megan R. Wilding, Daniel Casey, Robin Gledhill, Chongguang Luo, Paul A. Wilson, and Gavin L. Foster
Clim. Past, 19, 2493–2510, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2493-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2493-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate how faithfully the boron isotope composition of foraminifera records atmospheric CO2 by comparing it to the high-fidelity CO2 record from the Antarctic ice cores. We evaluate potential factors and find that partial dissolution of foraminifera shells, assumptions of seawater chemistry, and the biology of foraminifera all have a negligible effect on reconstructed CO2. This gives confidence in the use of boron isotopes beyond the interval when ice core CO2 is available.
Taehee Lee, Devin Rand, Lorraine E. Lisiecki, Geoffrey Gebbie, and Charles Lawrence
Clim. Past, 19, 1993–2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1993-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1993-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding of past climate change depends, in part, on how accurately we can estimate the ages of events recorded in geologic archives. Here we present a new software package, called BIGMACS, to improve age estimates for paleoclimate data from ocean sediment cores. BIGMACS creates multiproxy age estimates that reduce age uncertainty by probabilistically combining information from direct age estimates, such as radiocarbon dates, and the alignment of regional paleoclimate time series.
Jesse R. Farmer, Katherine J. Keller, Robert K. Poirier, Gary S. Dwyer, Morgan F. Schaller, Helen K. Coxall, Matt O'Regan, and Thomas M. Cronin
Clim. Past, 19, 555–578, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-555-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-555-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen isotopes are used to date marine sediments via similar large-scale ocean patterns over glacial cycles. However, the Arctic Ocean exhibits a different isotope pattern, creating uncertainty in the timing of past Arctic climate change. We find that the Arctic Ocean experienced large local oxygen isotope changes over glacial cycles. We attribute this to a breakdown of stratification during ice ages that allowed for a unique low isotope value to characterize the ice age Arctic Ocean.
Dakota E. Holmes, Tali L. Babila, Ulysses Ninnemann, Gordon Bromley, Shane Tyrrell, Greig A. Paterson, Michelle J. Curran, and Audrey Morley
Clim. Past, 18, 989–1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our proxy-based observations of the glacial inception following MIS 11 advance our mechanistic understanding of (and elucidates antecedent conditions that can lead to) high-magnitude climate instability during low- and intermediate-ice boundary conditions. We find that irrespective of the magnitude of climate variability or boundary conditions, the reorganization between Polar Water and Atlantic Water at subpolar latitudes appears to influence deep-water flow in the Nordic Seas.
Camille Godbillot, Fabrice Minoletti, Franck Bassinot, and Michaël Hermoso
Clim. Past, 18, 449–464, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We test a new method to reconstruct past atmospheric CO2 levels based on the geochemistry of pelagic algal biominerals (coccoliths), which recent culture and numerical experiments have related to ambient CO2 concentrations. By comparing the isotopic composition of fossil coccoliths to the inferred surface ocean CO2 level at the time they calcified, we outline a transfer function and argue that coccolith vital effects can be used to reconstruct geological pCO2 beyond the ice core record.
André Paul, Stefan Mulitza, Rüdiger Stein, and Martin Werner
Clim. Past, 17, 805–824, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-805-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-805-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Maps and fields of near-sea-surface temperature differences between the past and present can be used to visualize and quantify climate changes and perform simulations with climate models. We used a statistical method to map sparse and scattered data for the Last Glacial Maximum time period (23 000 to 19 000 years before present) to a regular grid. The estimated global and tropical cooling would imply an equilibrium climate sensitivity in the lower to middle part of the currently accepted range.
Leticia G. Luz, Thiago P. Santos, Timothy I. Eglinton, Daniel Montluçon, Blanca Ausin, Negar Haghipour, Silvia M. Sousa, Renata H. Nagai, and Renato S. Carreira
Clim. Past, 16, 1245–1261, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1245-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Two sediment cores retrieved from the SE Brazilian continental margin were studied using multiple organic (alkenones) and inorganic (oxygen isotopes in carbonate shells and water) proxies to reconstruct the sea surface temperature (SST) over the last 50 000 years. The findings indicate the formation of strong thermal gradients in the region during the last climate transition, a feature that may become more frequent in the future scenario of global water circulation changes.
Geert-Jan A. Brummer, Brett Metcalfe, Wouter Feldmeijer, Maarten A. Prins, Jasmijn van 't Hoff, and Gerald M. Ganssen
Clim. Past, 16, 265–282, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-265-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-265-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Here, mid-ocean seasonality is resolved through time, using differences in the oxygen isotope composition between individual shells of the commonly used (sub)polar planktonic foraminifera species in ocean-climate reconstruction, N. pachyderma and G. bulloides. Single-specimen isotope measurements during the deglacial period revealed a surprising bimodality, the cause of which was investigated.
Michael Langner and Stefan Mulitza
Clim. Past, 15, 2067–2072, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-2067-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-2067-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Collections of paleoclimate data provide valuable information on the functioning of the Earth system but are often difficult to manage due to the inconsistency of data formats and reconstruction methods. We present a software toolbox that combines a simple document-based database with functionality for the visualization and management of marine proxy data. The program allows the efficient homogenization of larger paleoceanographic data sets into quality-controlled and transparent data products.
Lukas Jonkers and Michal Kučera
Clim. Past, 15, 881–891, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-881-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-881-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Fossil plankton assemblages have been widely used to reconstruct SST. In such approaches, full taxonomic resolution is often used. We assess whether this is required for reliable reconstructions as some species may not respond to SST. We find that only a few species are needed for low reconstruction errors but that species selection has a pronounced effect on reconstructions. We suggest that the sensitivity of a reconstruction to species pruning can be used as a measure of its robustness.
Marcus P. S. Badger, Thomas B. Chalk, Gavin L. Foster, Paul R. Bown, Samantha J. Gibbs, Philip F. Sexton, Daniela N. Schmidt, Heiko Pälike, Andreas Mackensen, and Richard D. Pancost
Clim. Past, 15, 539–554, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-539-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-539-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how atmospheric CO2 has affected the climate of the past is an important way of furthering our understanding of how CO2 may affect our climate in the future. There are several ways of determining CO2 in the past; in this paper, we ground-truth one method (based on preserved organic matter from alga) against the record of CO2 preserved as bubbles in ice cores over a glacial–interglacial cycle. We find that there is a discrepancy between the two.
Patrick A. Rafter, Juan-Carlos Herguera, and John R. Southon
Clim. Past, 14, 1977–1989, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1977-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1977-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon’s radioactive isotope (radiocarbon) is a useful tool for oceanographers investigating carbon cycling in the modern ocean and ice age oceans (using foraminifera microfossils). Here we used sediment cores with excellent age constraints and abundant foraminifera microfossils to examine interspecies radiocarbon differences. All species demonstrate the same extreme radiocarbon depletion, and we argue that these observations represent important changes in seawater carbon chemistry.
Marijke W. de Bar, Dave J. Stolwijk, Jerry F. McManus, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Clim. Past, 14, 1783–1803, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1783-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1783-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present a past sea surface temperature and paleoproductivity record over the last 150 000 years for ODP Site 1234 (Chilean margin). We tested the applicability of long-chain diol proxies for the reconstrucion of SST (LDI), past upwelling conditions (diol index), and nutrient concentrations (NDI). The LDI likely reflects past temperature changes, but the diol index and NDI are perhaps more indicative of Proboscia diatom productivity rather than upwelling and/or nutrient conditions.
Bryan C. Lougheed, Brett Metcalfe, Ulysses S. Ninnemann, and Lukas Wacker
Clim. Past, 14, 515–526, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-515-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-515-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Palaeoclimate reconstructions from deep-sea sediment archives provide valuable insight into past rapid climate change, but only a small proportion of the ocean is suitable for such reconstructions using the existing state of the art, i.e. the age–depth approach. We use dual radiocarbon (14C) and stable isotope analysis on single foraminifera to bypass the long-standing age–depth approach, thus facilitating past ocean chemistry reconstructions from vast, previously untapped ocean areas.
Lukas Jonkers and Michal Kučera
Clim. Past, 13, 573–586, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-573-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-573-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Planktonic foraminifera – the most important proxy carriers in palaeoceanography – adjust their seasonal and vertical habitat. They are thought to do so in a way that minimises the change in their environment, implying that proxy records based on these organisms may not capture the full amplitude of past climate change. Here we demonstrate that they indeed track a particular thermal habitat and suggest that this could lead to a 40 % underestimation of reconstructed temperature change.
Timothé Bolliet, Patrick Brockmann, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Franck Bassinot, Valérie Daux, Dominique Genty, Amaelle Landais, Marlène Lavrieux, Elisabeth Michel, Pablo Ortega, Camille Risi, Didier M. Roche, Françoise Vimeux, and Claire Waelbroeck
Clim. Past, 12, 1693–1719, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1693-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1693-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new database of past climate proxies which aims to facilitate the distribution of data by using a user-friendly interface. Available data from the last 40 years are often fragmented, with lots of different formats, and online libraries are sometimes nonintuitive. We thus built a new dynamic web portal for data browsing, visualizing, and batch downloading of hundreds of datasets presenting a homogeneous format.
André Düsterhus, Alessio Rovere, Anders E. Carlson, Benjamin P. Horton, Volker Klemann, Lev Tarasov, Natasha L. M. Barlow, Tom Bradwell, Jorie Clark, Andrea Dutton, W. Roland Gehrels, Fiona D. Hibbert, Marc P. Hijma, Nicole Khan, Robert E. Kopp, Dorit Sivan, and Torbjörn E. Törnqvist
Clim. Past, 12, 911–921, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-911-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-911-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This review/position paper addresses problems in creating new interdisciplinary databases for palaeo-climatological sea-level and ice-sheet data and gives an overview on new advances to tackle them. The focus therein is to define and explain strategies and highlight their importance to allow further progress in these fields. It also offers important insights into the general problem of designing competitive databases which are also applicable to other communities within the palaeo-environment.
X. Shi, Y. Wu, J. Zou, Y. Liu, S. Ge, M. Zhao, J. Liu, A. Zhu, X. Meng, Z. Yao, and Y. Han
Clim. Past, 10, 1735–1750, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1735-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1735-2014, 2014
D. K. Naik, R. Saraswat, N. Khare, A. C. Pandey, and R. Nigam
Clim. Past, 10, 745–758, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-745-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-745-2014, 2014
S. Kasper, M. T. J. van der Meer, A. Mets, R. Zahn, J. S. Sinninghe Damsté, and S. Schouten
Clim. Past, 10, 251–260, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-251-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-251-2014, 2014
R. J. Telford, C. Li, and M. Kucera
Clim. Past, 9, 859–870, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-859-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-859-2013, 2013
Cited articles
Abernathey, R. P., Cerovecki, I., Holland, P. R., Newsom, E., Mazloff, M.,
and Talley, L. D.: Water-mass transformation by sea ice in the upper branch
of the Southern Ocean overturning, Nat. Geosci., 9, 596–601, 2016.
Abram, N. J., Wolff, E. W., and Curran, M. A. J.: A review of sea ice proxy
information from polar ice cores, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 79, 168–183,
2013.
Ackley, S. F.: A review of sea-ice weather relationships in the Southern
Hemisphere, in: Proceeding of the Canberra Symposium: Sea Level, Ice and
Climatic Change, edited by: Allison, I., IAHS Publication, Guildfold, UK, Vol.
131, 127–159, 1980.
Ainley, D., Woehler, E. J., and Lescroël, A.: Birds and Antarctic sea
ice, in: Sea Ice, Third Edition, edited by: Thomas, D. N., Wiley-Blackwell,
Oxford, UK, 570–582, 2017.
Alkama, R., Koffi, E. N., Vavrus, S. J., Diehl, T., Francis, J. A., Stroeve,
J., Forzieri, G., Vihma, T., and Cescatti, A.: Wind amplifies the polar sea
ice retreat, Environ. Res. Lett., 15, 124022,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abc379, 2020.
Allen, C. S., Oakes-Fretwell, L., Anderson, J. B., and Hodgson, D. A.: A
record of Holocene glacial and oceanographic variability in Neny Fjord,
Antarctic Peninsula, Holocene, 20, 551–564, 2010.
Allen, C. S., Pike, J., and Pudsey, C. J.: Last glacial–interglacial
sea-ice cover in the SW Atlantic and its potential role in global
deglaciation, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 2446–2458, 2011.
Ancel, A., Kooyman, G. L., Ponganis, P. J., Gendner, J. P., Lignon, J.,
Mestre, X., Huin, N., Thorson, P. H., Robisson, P., and Le Maho, Y.:
Foraging behaviour of emperor penguins as a resource detector in winter and
summer, Nature, 360, 336–339, 1992.
Andreas, E. L. and Ackley, S. F.: On the differences in ablation seasons of
Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, J. Atmos. Sci., 39,
440–447, 1982.
Armand, L., Ferry, A., and Leventer, A.: Ch. 26. Advances in palaeo sea-ice
estimation, in: Sea Ice Edition 3, edited by: Thomas, D., Wiley-Blackwell,
Oxford, UK, 600–629, 2017.
Armand, L. K., Crosta, X., Romero, O., and Pichon, J.-J.: The biogeography
of major diatom taxa in Southern Ocean sediments: 1. Sea ice related
species, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol., 223, 93–126,
2005.
Arrigo, K. R., Mills, M. M., Kropuenske, L. R., van Dijken, G. L.,
Alderkamp, A.-C., and Robinson, D. H.: Photophysiology in two major Southern
Ocean phytoplankton taxa: Photosynthesis and growth of Phaeocystis antarctica and Fragilariopsis cylindrus under different
irradiance levels, Integr. Compar. Biol., 50, 950–966,
2010.
Arrigo, K. R. and van Dijken, G. L.: Phytoplankton dynamics within 37
Antarctic coastal polynya systems, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans,
108, 3271, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JC001739, 2003.
Arrigo, K. R. and van Dijken, G. L.: Interannual variation in air-sea
CO2 flux in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: A model analysis, J.
Geophys. Res., 112, C03020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003492, 2007.
Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G., and Pabi, S.: Impact of a shrinking Arctic
ice cover on marine primary production, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L19603, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035028,
2008.
Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G. L., and Strong, A. L.: Environmental controls
of marine productivity hot spots around Antarctica, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 120, 5545–5565, 2015.
Arzel, O., Fichefet, T., and Goosse, H.: Sea ice evolution over the 20th and
21st centuries as simulated by current AOGCMs, Ocean Modell., 12, 401–415,
2006.
Ashley, K. E., McKay, R., Etourneau, J., Jimenez-Espejo, F. J., Condron, A., Albot, A., Crosta, X., Riesselman, C., Seki, O., Massé, G., Golledge, N. R., Gasson, E., Lowry, D. P., Barrand, N. E., Johnson, K., Bertler, N., Escutia, C., Dunbar, R., and Bendle, J. A.: Mid-Holocene Antarctic sea-ice increase driven by marine ice sheet retreat, Clim. Past, 17, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1-2021, 2021.
Bagniewski, W., Meissner, K. J., and Menviel, L.: Exploring the oxygen
isotope fingerprint of Dansgaard-Oeschger variability and Heinrich events,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 159, 1–14, 2017.
Barbara, L., Crosta, X., Leventer, A., Schmidt, S., Etourneau, J., Domack,
E., and Massé, G.: Environmental responses of the Northeast Antarctic
Peninsula to the Holocene climate variability, Paleoceanography, 31,
131–147, 2016.
Barbara, L., Crosta, X., Massé, G., and Ther, O.: Deglacial environments
in eastern Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29,
2731–2740, 2010.
Bauska, T. K., Marcott, S. A., and Brook, E.J. : Abrupt changes in the
global carbon cycle during the last glacial period, Nat. Geosci., 14,
91–96, 2021.
Bayer-Giraldi, M., Uhlig, C., John, U., Mock, T., and Valentin, K.:
Antifreeze proteins in polar sea ice diatoms : Diversity and gene expression
in the genus Fragilariopsis, Environ. Microbiol., 12, 1041–1052,
2010.
Belt, S. T.: Source-specific biomarkers as proxies for Arctic and Antarctic
sea ice, Org. Geochem., 125, 277–298, 2018.
Belt, S. T., Brown, T. A., Smik, L., Tatarek, A., Wiktor, J., Stowasser, G.,
Assmy, P., Allen, C. S., and Husum, K.: Identification of C25 highly
branched isoprenoid (HBI) alkenes in diatoms of the genus Rhizosolenia in polar and
sub-polar marine phytoplankton, Org. Geochem., 110, 65–72, 2017.
Belt, S. T., Smik, L., Brown, T. A., Kim, J. H., Rowland, S. J., Allen, C.
S., Gal, J. K., Shin, K. H., Lee, J. I., and Taylor, K. W. R.: Source
identification and distribution reveals the potential of the geochemical
Antarctic sea ice proxy IPSO25, Nat. Commun., 7, 12655, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12655, 2016.
Benz, V., Esper, O., Gersonde, R., Lamy, F., and Tiedemann, R.: Last Glacial
Maximum sea surface temperature and sea-ice extent in the Pacific sector of
the Southern Ocean, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 146, 216–237, 2016.
Bianchi, C. and Gersonde, R.: Climate evolution at the last deglaciation:
The role of the Southern Ocean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 228,
407–424, 2004.
Bintanja, R., van Oldenborgh, G. J., Drijfhout, S. S., Wouters, B., and
Katsman, C. A.: Important role for ocean warming and increased ice-shelf
melt in Antarctic sea-ice expansion, Nat. Geosci., 6, 376–379, 2013.
Bintanja, R., van Oldenborgh, G. J., and Katsman, C. A.: The effect of
increased fresh water from Antarctic ice shelves on future trends in
Antarctic sea ice, Ann. Glaciol., 56, 120–126, https://doi.org/10.3189/2015AoG69A001, 2015.
Blockley, E., Vancoppenolle, M., Hunke, E., Bitz, C., Feltham, D., Lemieux,
J.-F., Losch, M., Maisonnave, E., Notz, D., Rampal, P., Tietsche, S.,
Tremblay, B., Turner, A., Massonnet, F., Olason, E., Roberts, A., Aksenov,
Y., Fichefet, T., Garric, G., Iovino, D., Madec, G., Rousset, C., Salas y
Melia, D., and Schroeder, D.: The future of sea ice modeling: Where do we go
from here?, BAMS Meeting Summary, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0073.1, 2020.
Bouttes, N., Paillard, D., and Roche, D. M.: Impact of brine-induced stratification on the glacial carbon cycle, Clim. Past, 6, 575–589, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-575-2010, 2010.
Bracegirdle, T. J., Connolley, W. M., and Turner, J.: Antarctic climate
change over the twenty first century, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D03103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008933, 2008.
Brovkin, V., Ganopolski, A., Archer, D., and Munhoven, G.: Glacial CO2 cycle as a succession of key physical and biogeochemical processes, Clim. Past, 8, 251–264, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-251-2012, 2012.
Burke, K. D., Williams, J. D., Chandler, M. A., Haywood, A. M., Lunt, D. J., and
Otto-Bliesner, B. L.: Pliocene and Eocene provide best analogs for
near-future climates, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
115, 13288–13293, 2018.
Burckle, L. H.: Diatom dissolution patterns in sediments of the Southern
ocean, Geol. Soc. Am. J., 15, 536–537, 1983.
Burckle, L.H. and Cirilli, J.: Origin of Diatom Ooze Belt in the Southern
Ocean: Implications for Late Quaternary Paleoceanography, Micropaleontology,
33, 82–86, 1987.
Burckle, L. H., Jacob, S. S., and McLaughlin, R. B.: Late austral spring diatom
distribution between New Zealand and the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica:
Hydrography and sediment correlations, Micropaleontology, 33, 74–81,
1987.
Burckle, L. H. and Mortlock, R.: Sea-ice extent in the Southern Ocean during
the Last Glacial Maximum: another approach to the problem, Ann.
Glaciol., 27, 302–304, 1998.
Burckle, L. H., Robinson, D., and Cooke, D.: Reappraisal of sea-ice
distribution in Atlantic and Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean at 18,000
yr BP, Nature, 299, 435–437, 1982.
Cabedo-Sanz, P., Smik, L., and Belt, S. T.: On the stability of various
highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) lipids in stored sediments and sediment
extracts, Org. Geochem., 97, 74–77, 2016.
Campagne, P., Crosta, X., Houssais, M. N., Swingedouw, D., Schmidt, S.,
Martin, A., Devred, E., Capo, S., Marieu, V., Closset, I., and Massé,
G.: Glacial ice and atmospheric forcing on the Mertz Glacier Polynya over
the past 250 years, Nat. Commun., 6, 6642, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7642, 2015.
Capron, E., Govin, A., Stone, E. J., Masson-Delmotte, V., Mulitza, S.,
Otto-Bliesner, B., Rasmussen, T. L., Sime, L. C., Waelbroeck, C., and Wolff,
E. W.: Temporal and spatial structure of multi-millennial temperature
changes at high latitudes during the Last Interglacial, Quaternary Sci.
Rev., 103, 116–133, 2014.
Capron, E., Govin, A., Feng, R., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., and Wolff, E. W.: Critical evaluation of climate syntheses to benchmark CMIP6/CMIP4 127 k Last Interglacial simulations in the high-latitude regions, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 168, 137–150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.04.019, 2017.
Cavalieri, D. J. and Parkinson, C. L.: Antarctic sea ice variability and
trends, 1979–2006, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C07004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004564, 2008.
Cavalieri, D. J., Parkinson, C. L., and Vinnikov, K. Y.: 30-Year satellite
record reveals contrasting Arctic and Antarctic decadal sea ice variability,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1970, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018031, 2003.
Chadwick, M., Jones, J., Lawler, K.-A., Prebble, J., Kohfeld, K. E., and
Crosta, X.: Understanding glacial-interglacial changes in Southern Ocean sea
ice, PAGES Magazine, 27, 86, https://doi.org/10.22498/pages.27.2.86, 2019.
Chadwick, M., Allen, C. S., Sime, L. C., and Hillenbrand, C. D.: Analysing
the timing of peak warming and minimum winter sea-ice extent in the Southern
Ocean during MIS 5e, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 229, 106134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106134, 2020.
Chadwick, M., Allen, C. S., Sime, L. C., Crosta, X., and Hillenbrand, C.-D.: Reconstructing Antarctic winter sea-ice extent during Marine Isotope Stage 5e, Clim. Past, 18, 129–146, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-129-2022, 2022a.
Chadwick, M., Crosta, X., Esper, O., Thöle, L., and Kohfeld, K. E.: Compilation of Southern Ocean sea-ice records covering the last glacial-interglacial cycle (12–130 ka), Clim. Past Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2022-15, in review, 2022b.
Chadwick, M., Crosta, X., Esper, O., and Kohfeld, K. E.: Southern Ocean marine sediment core sea-ice records for the last 150,000 years, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.943275, 2022c.
Chandler, D. and Langebroek, P.: Southern Ocean sea surface temperature
synthesis: Part 1. Evaluation of temperature proxies at glacial-interglacial
time scales, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 271, 107191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107191, 2021a.
Chandler, D. and Langebroek, P.: Southern Ocean sea surface temperature
synthesis: Part 2. Penultimate glacial and last interglacial, Quaternary
Sci. Rev., 271, 107190, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107190, 2021b.
Chase, Z., Kohfeld, K., and Matsumoto, K.: Controls on rates of opal burial
in the Southern Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 1599–1616, 2015.
Ciasto, L. M., Simpkins, G. R., and England, M. H.: Teleconnections between
Tropical Pacific SST Anomalies and Extratropical Southern Hemisphere
Climate, J. Climate, 28, 56–65, 2015.
CLIMAP Project Members: Seasonal reconstructions of the Earth’s surface at the last glacial maximum, Geological Society of America Map and Chart Series, MC-36, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades NY, USA, 1981.
Collins, L. G., Allen, C. S., Pike, J., Hodgson, D. A., Weckström, K.,
and Massé, G.: Evaluating highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) biomarkers as
a novel Antarctic sea-ice proxy in deep ocean glacial age sediments,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 79, 87–98, 2013.
Comiso, J. C.: Large-scale characteristics and variability of the global sea
ice cover, in: Sea Ice: An Introduction to its Physics, Chemistry, Biology
and Geology, edited by: Thomas, D. N. and Dieckmann, G., Wiley-Blackwell,
Oxford, UK, 112–142, 2003.
Comiso, J. C., Gersten, R. A., Stock, L. V., Turner, J., Perez, G. J., and Cho, K.: Positive trend in the Antarctic sea ice cover and associated changes in surface temperature, J. Climate, 30, 2251–2267, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0408.1, 2017.
Cooke, D. W. and Hays, J. D.: Estimates of Antarctic ocean seasonal
ice-cover during glacial intervals, in: Antarctic Geoscience, edited by: Craddock, C., University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI, USA, 1017–1025, 1982.
Crosta, X., Debret, M., Denis, D., Courty, M. A., and Ther, O.: Holocene
long- and short-term climate changes off Adélie Land, East Antarctica,
Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 8, Q11009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001718, 2007.
Crosta, X., Denis, D., and Ther, O.: Sea ice seasonality during the
Holocene, Adélie Land, East Antarctica, Mar. Micropaleontol., 66,
222–232, 2008.
Crosta, X., Etourneau, J., Orme, L., Dalaiden, Q., Campagne, P., Swingedouw,
D., Goosse, H., Massé, G., Miettinen, A., McKay, R.M., Dunbar, R.B.,
Escutia, C., and Ikehara, M.: Multi-decadal trends in Antarctic sea-ice
extent driven by ENSO-SAM over the last 2,000 years, Nat. Geosci., 14,
156–160, 2021.
Crosta, X., Pichon, J.-J., and Burckle, L. H.: Application of modern analog
technique to marine Antarctic diatoms: Reconstruction of maximum sea-ice
extent at the Last Glacial Maximum, Paleoceanography, 13, 284–297, 1998.
Crosta, X., Romero, O., Armand, L. K., and Pichon, J.-J.: The biogeography
of major diatom taxa in Southern Ocean sediments: 2. Open ocean related
species, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 223, 66–92,
2005.
Crosta, X., Sturm, A., Armand, L., and Pichon, J.-J.: Late Quaternary sea
ice history in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean as recorded by diatom
assemblages, Mar. Micropaleontol., 50, 209–223, 2004.
Deb, P., Dash, M. K., and Pandey, P. C.: Effect of Pacific warm and cold
events on the sea ice behavior in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean,
Deep Sea Res. Part I, 84, 59–72, 2014.
Debret, M., Sebag, D., Crosta, X., Massei, N., Petit, J. R., Chapron, E.,
and Bout-Roumazeilles, V.: Evidence from wavelet analysis for a mid-Holocene
transition in global climate forcing, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28,
2675–2688, 2009.
DeFelice, D. R.: Relative diatom abundance as tool for monitoring winter sea
ice fluctuations in southeast Atlantic, Ant. J. United
States, 14, 105–106, 1979a.
DeFelice, D. R.: Surface Lithofacies, Biofacies, and Diatom Diversity
Patterns as Models for Delineation of Climatic Change in the Southeast
Atlantic Ocean, Ph.D., Geology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL,
USA, 209 pp., 1979b.
DeJong, H. B. and Dunbar, R. B.: Air-Sea CO2 exchange in the Ross Sea,
Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 8167–8181, 2017.
Delworth, T. L. and Zeng, F.: Simulated impact of altered Southern
Hemisphere winds on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20708, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001718, 2008.
Denis, D., Crosta, X., Barbara, L., Massé, G., Renssen, H., Ther, O.,
and Giraudeau, J.: Sea ice and wind variability during the Holocene in East
Antarctica: insight on middle–high latitude coupling, Quaternary Sci.
Rev., 29, 3709–3719, 2010.
De Schepper, S., Ray, J. L., Sandness Skaar, K., Ijaz, U. Z., Stein, R., and
Larsen, A.: The potential of sedimentary ancient DNA for reconstructing past
sea ice evolution, The ISME J., 13, 2566–2577, 2019.
de Vernal, A., Eynaud, F., Henry, M., Hillaire-Marcel, C., Londeix, L.,
Mangin, S., Matthiessen, J., Marret, F., Radi, T., Rochon, A., Solignac, S.,
and Turon, J.-L.: Reconstruction of sea-surface conditions at middle to
high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during the Last Glacial Maximum
(LGM) based on dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24,
897–924, 2005.
Dieckmann, G., Rohardt, G., Hellmer, H., and Kipfstuhl, J.: The occurrence
of ice platelets at 250 m depth near the Filchner Ice Shelf and its
significance for sea ice biology, Deep Sea Res. Part A, 33, 141–148, 1986.
Di Tullio, G. R., Grebmeier, J. M., Arrigo, K. R., Lizotte, M. P., Robinson,
D. H., Leventer, A., Barry, J. P., VanWoert, M. L., and Dunbar, R. R.: Rapid
and early export of Phaeocystis antarctica blooms in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, Nature,
404, 595–598, 2000.
Divine, D. V., Koç, N., Isaksson, E., Nielsen, S., Crosta, X., and
Godtliebsen, F.: Holocene Antarctic climate variability from ice and marine
sediment cores: Insights on ocean-atmosphere interaction, Quaternary Sci.
Rev., 29, 303–312, 2010.
Doddridge, E. W. and Marshall, J.: Modulation of the seasonal cycle of
Antarctic sea ice extent related to the Southern Annular Mode, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 44, 9761–9768, 2017.
Eayrs, C., Li, X., Raphael, M. N., and Holland, D. M.: Rapid decline in
Antarctic sea ice in recent years hints at future change, Nat. Geosci.,
14, 460–464, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00768-3, 2021.
Eicken, H.: The role of sea ice in structuring Antarctic ecosystems, Polar
Biol., 12, 3–13, 1992.
England, M. R., Polvani, L., Sun, L., and Deser, C.: Tropical response to
projected declined in Arctic and Antarctic sea-ice loss, Nat. Geosci.,
13, 275–281, 2020.
Esper, O. and Gersonde, R.: New tools for the reconstruction of Pleistocene
Antarctic sea ice, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 399,
260–283, 2014.
Esper, O., Gersonde, R., and Kadagies, N.: Diatom distribution in
southeastern Pacific surface sediments and their relationship to modern
environmental variables, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol.,
287, 1–27, 2010.
Esper, O. and Zonneveld, K. A. F.: The potential of organic-walled
dinoflagellate cysts for the reconstruction of past sea-surface conditions
in the Southern Ocean, Mar. Micropaleontol., 65, 185–212, 2007.
Etourneau, J., Collins, L. G., Willmott, V., Kim, J.-H., Barbara, L., Leventer, A., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., Bianchini, A., Klein, V., Crosta, X., and Massé, G.: Holocene climate variations in the western Antarctic Peninsula: evidence for sea ice extent predominantly controlled by changes in insolation and ENSO variability, Clim. Past, 9, 1431–1446, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1431-2013, 2013.
Fan, T., Deser, C., and Schneider, D. P.: Recent Antarctic sea ice trends in
the context of Southern Ocean surface climate variations since 1950,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 2419–2426, 2014.
Ferrari, R., Jansen, M. F., Adkins, J. F., Burke, A., Stewart, A. L., and
Thompson, A. F.: Antarctic sea ice control on ocean circulation in present
and glacial times, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111,
8753–8758, 2014.
Ferreira, D., Marshall, J., Bitz, C. M., Solomon, S., and Plumb, A.:
Antarctic Ocean and Sea Ice Response to Ozone Depletion: A Two-Time-Scale
Problem, J. Climate, 28, 1206–1226, 2015.
Ferry, A. J., Crosta, X., Quilty, P. G., Fink, D., Howard, W., and Armand,
L. K.: First records of winter sea ice concentration in the southwest
Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, Paleoceanography, 30, 1525–1539,
2015a.
Ferry, A. J., Prvan, T., Jersky, B., Crosta, X., and Armand, L. K.:
Statistical modeling of Southern Ocean marine diatom proxy and winter sea
ice data: Model comparison and developments, Prog. Oceanogr., 131,
100–112, 2015b.
Fetterer, F., Knowles, K., Meier, W. N., Savoie, M., and Windnagel, A. K.:
Sea Ice Index, National Snow and Ice Data Center, https://doi.org/10.7265/N5K072F8, Boulder, Colorado, USA,
2017 (updated daily).
Fischer, H., Fundel, F., Ruth, U., Twarloh, B., Wegner, A., Udisti, R.,
Becagli, S., Castellano, E., Morganti, A., Severi, M., Wolff, E., Littot,
G., Röthlisberger, R., Mulvaney, R., Hutterli, M. A., Kaufmann, P.,
Federer, U., Lambert, F., Bigler, M., Hansson, M., Jonsell, U., de Angelis,
M., Boutron, C., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., Steffensen, J. P., Barbante, C.,
Gaspari, V., Gabrielli, P., and Wagenbach, D.: Reconstruction of millennial
changes in dust emission, transport and regional sea ice coverage using the
deep EPICA ice cores from the Atlantic and Indian Ocean sector of
Antarctica, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 260, 340–354, 2007.
Fischer, H., Meissner, K. J., Mix, A. C., Abram, N. J., Austermann, J., Brovkin, V., Capron, E., Colombaroli, D., Daniau, A.-L., Dyez, K. A., Felis, T., Finkelstein, S. A., Jaccard, S. L., McClymont, E. L., Rovere, A., Sutter, J., Wolff, E. W., Affolter, S., Bakker, P., Ballesteros-Cánovas, J. A., Barbante, C., Caley, T., Carlson, A. E., Churakova, O., Cortese, G., Cumming, B. F., Davis, B. A. S., de Vernal, A., Emile-Geay, J., Fritz, S. C., Gierz, P., Gottschalk, J., Holloway, M. D., Joos, F., Kucera, M., Loutre, M.-F., Lunt, D. J., Marcisz, K., Marlon, J. R., Martinez, P., Masson-Delmotte, V., Nehrbass-Ahles, C., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Raible, C. C., Risebrobakken, B., Sánchez Goñi, M. F., Arrigo, J. S., Sarnthein, M., Sjolte, J., Stocker, T. F., Velasquez Alvárez, P. A., Tinner, W., Valdes, P. J., Vogel, H., Wanner, H., Yan, Q., Yu, Z., Ziegler, M., and Zhou, L.: Palaeoclimate constraints on the impact of 2 ∘C anthropogenic warming and beyond, Nat. Geosci.,
11, 474–485, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0146-0, 2018.
Fischer, H., Traufetter, F., Oerter, H., Weller, R., and Miller, H.:
Prevalence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave over the last two millennia
recorded in Dronning Maud Land ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31,
L08202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019186, 2004.
Fogt, R. L., Sleinkofer, A. M., Raphael, M. N., and Handcock, M. S.: A
regime shift in seasonal toal Antarctic sea ice extent in the twentieth
century, Nat. Clim. Change, 12, 54–62, 2022.
Fraser, W. R., Pitman, R. L., and Ainley, D. G.: Seabird and fur seal
responses to vertically migrating winter krill swarms in Antarctica, Pol.
Biol., 10, 37–41, 1989.
Frey, M. M., Norris, S. J., Brooks, I. M., Anderson, P. S., Nishimura, K., Yang, X., Jones, A. E., Nerentorp Mastromonaco, M. G., Jones, D. H., and Wolff, E. W.: First direct observation of sea salt aerosol production from blowing snow above sea ice, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2549–2578, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2549-2020, 2020.
Gagné, M. È., Gillett, N. P., and Fyfe, J. C.: Observed and
simulated changes in Antarctic sea ice extent over the past 50 years,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 90–95, 2015.
Galbraith, E. D. and Skinner, L. C.: The Biological Pump during the Last
Glacial Maximum, Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 12, 559–586, 2020.
Garrison, D. L., Sullivan, C. W., and Ackley, S. F.: Sea Ice Microbial
Communities in Antarctica, BioScience, 36, 243–250, 1986.
Gersonde, R., Abelmann, A., Brathauer, U., Becquey, S., Bianchi, C.,
Cortese, G., Grobe, H., Kuhn, G., Niebler, H. S., Segl, M., Sieger, R.,
Zielinski, U., and Futterer, D. K.: Last glacial sea surface temperatures
and sea-ice extent in the Southern Ocean (Atlantic-Indian sector): A
multiproxy approach, Paleoceanography, 18, 1061, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000809, 2003.
Gersonde, R., Crosta, X., Abelmann, A., and Armand, L.: Sea-surface
temperature and sea ice distribution of the Southern Ocean at the EPILOG
Last Glacial Maximum – A circum-Antarctic view based on siliceous
microfossil records, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24 869–896, 2005.
Gersonde, R. and Zielinski, U.: The reconstruction of late Quaternary
Antarctic sea-ice distribution – The use of diatoms as a proxy for sea-ice,
Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol., 162, 263–286, 2000.
Ghadi, P., Nair, A., Crosta, X., Mohan, R., Manoj, M. C., and Meloth, T.:
Antarctic sea-ice and palaeoproductivity variation over the last 156,000
years in the Indian sector of Southern Ocean, Mar. Micropaleontol., 160,
101894, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2020.101894, 2020.
Gildor, H. and Tziperman, E.: Sea ice as the glacial cycle's climatic
switch: Role of seasonal and orbital forcing, Paleoceanography, 15,
605–615, 2000.
Giordano, M. R., Kalnajs, L. E., Goetz, J. D., Avery, A. M., Katz, E., May, N. W., Leemon, A., Mattson, C., Pratt, K. A., and DeCarlo, P. F.: The importance of blowing snow to halogen-containing aerosol in coastal Antarctica: influence of source region versus wind speed, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16689–16711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16689-2018, 2018.
Goosse, H. and Zunz, V.: Decadal trends in the Antarctic sea ice extent ultimately controlled by ice–ocean feedback, The Cryosphere, 8, 453–470, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-453-2014, 2014.
Gordon, A. L.: Seasonality of Southern Ocean sea ice, J. Geophys.l
Res., 86, 4193–4197, 1981.
Green, R. A., Menviel, L., Meissner, K. J., Crosta, X., Chandan, D., Lohmann, G., Peltier, W. R., Shi, X., and Zhu, J.: Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum, Clim. Past, 18, 845–862, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022, 2022.
Greene, C. A., Young, D. A., Gwyther, D. E., Galton-Fenzi, B. K., and Blankenship, D. D.: Seasonal dynamics of Totten Ice Shelf controlled by sea ice buttressing, The Cryosphere, 12, 2869–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2869-2018, 2018.
Hall, A.: The Role of Surface Albedo Feedback in Climate, J.
Climate, 17, 1550–1568, 2004.
Hall, A. and Visbeck, M.: Synchronous variability in the Southern Hemisphere
atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean resulting from the Annular Mode, J.
Climate, 15, 3043–3057, 2002.
Hao, G., Shen, H., Sun, Y., and Li, C.: Rapid decrease in Antarctic sea ice
in recent years, Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 40, 119–128,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-021-1762-x, 2021.
Hasle, G. R.: An analysis of the Phytoplankton of the Pacific Southern
Ocean: abundance, composition, and distribution during the Brattegg
Expedition, 1947–1948, Hvalradets Skrifter, 52, 1–168, 1969.
Hays, J. D., Lozano, J. A., Shackleton, N., and Irving, G.: Reconstruction
of the Atlantic and western Indian ocean sectors of the 18,000 B. P.
Antarctic Ocean, Geol. Soc. Am. Memoirs, 145, 337–372, 1976.
Heroy, D. C., Sjunneskog, C., and Anderson, J. B.: Holocene climate change
in the Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula: Evidence from sediment and
diatom analysis, Ant. Sci., 20, 69–87, 2008.
Hewitt, H. T., Roberts, M., Mathiot, P., Biastoch, A., Blockley, E.,
Chassignet, E. P., Fox-Kemper, B., Hyder, P., Marshall, D. P., Popova, E.,
Treguier, A.-M., Zanna, L., Yool, A., Yu, Y., Beadling, R., Bell, M.,
Kuhlbrodt, T., Arsouze, T., Bellucci, A., Castruccio, F., Gan, B.,
Putrasahan, D., Roberts, C. D., Van Roekel, L., and Zhang, Q.: Resolving and
Parameterising the Ocean Mesoscale in Earth System Models, Curr. Clim.
Change Rep., 6, 137–152, 2020.
Hobbs, W. R., Bindoff, N. L., and Raphael, M. N.: New perspectives on
observed and simulated Antarctic sea ice extent trends using optimal
fingerprinting techniques, J. Climate, 28, 1543–1560, 2014.
Hobbs, W. R., Massom, R., Stammerjohn, S., Reid, P., Williams, G., and
Meier, W.: A review of recent changes in Southern Ocean sea ice, their
drivers and forcings, Global Planet. Change, 143, 228–250, 2016.
Hobbs, W. R. and Raphael, M. N.: The Pacific zonal asymmetry and its
influence on Southern Hemisphere sea ice variability, Ant. Sci., 22,
559–571, 2010.
Hoffman, J. S., Clark, P. U., Parnell, A. C., and Feng, H.: Regional and
global sea-surface temperatures during the last interglaciation, Science,
355, 276–279, 2017.
Holland, M. M., Landrum, L., Raphael, M., and Stammerjohn, S.: Springtime
winds drive Ross Sea ice variability and change in the following autumn,
Nat. Commun., 8, 731, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00820-0, 2017.
Holland, P. R.: The seasonality of Antarctic sea ice trends, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 41, 4230–4237, 2014.
Holland, P. R. and Kwok, R.: Wind-driven trends in Antarctic sea-ice drift,
Nat. Geosci., 5, 872–875, 2012.
Holloway, M. D., Sime, L. C., Allen, C. S., Hillenbrand, C.-D., Bunch, P.,
Wolff, E., and Valdes, P. J.: The spatial structure of the 128 ka Antarctic
sea ice minimum, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 11129–11139, 2017.
Holloway, M. D., Sime, L. C., Singarayer, J. S., Tindall, J. C., Bunch, P.,
and Valdes, P. J.: Antarctic last interglacial isotope peak in response to
sea ice retreat not ice-sheet collapse, Nat. Commun., 7, 12293, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12293, 2016.
Holloway, M. D., Sime, L. C., Singarayer, J. S., Tindall, J. C., and Valdes,
P. J.: Simulating the 128-ka Antarctic climate response to Northern
Hemisphere ice sheet melting using the isotope-enabled HadCM3, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 45, 11921–911929, 2018.
Hoppmann, M., Richter, M. E., Smith, I. J., Jendersie, S., Langhorne, P. J.,
Thomas, D. N., Dieckmann, G. S.: Platelet ice, the Southern Ocean's hidden
ice: a review, Ann. Glaciol., 61, 341–368, 2020.
Huang, J., Jaeglé, L., and Shah, V.: Using CALIOP to constrain blowing snow emissions of sea salt aerosols over Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16253–16269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16253-2018, 2018.
Hunke, E. C., Lipscomb, W. H., Turner, A. K., Jeffery, N., and Elliot, S.:
CICE: The Los Alamos Sea Ice Model, documentation and software user's
manual, version 5.1, Los Alamos Natl. Lab., Los Alamos, N. M. USA, 2015.
Hutson, W. H.: The Agulhas Current during the late Pleistocene: Analysis of
modern faunal analogues, Science, 207, 64–66, 1980.
Iizuka, Y., Hondoh, T., and Fujii, Y.: Antarctic sea ice extent during the
Holocene reconstructed from inland ice core evidence, J. Geophys.
Res., 113, D15114, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009326, 2008.
Imbrie, J. and Kipp, N.: A new micropaleontological method for quantitative
paleoclimatology: Application to a late Pleistocene Caribbean core, in: Late
Cenozoic Ages, edited by: Turekian, K. K., Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 71–181, 1971.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): The Physical Science
Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp., 2013.
Jeffries, M. O., Krouse, H. R., Hurst-Cushing, B., and Maksym, T.: Snow-ice
accretion and snow-cover depletion on Antarctic first-year sea-ice floes,
Ann. Glaciol., 33, 51–60, 2001.
Jena, B., Kumar, A., Ravichandran, M., and Kern, S.: Mechanism of sea-ice
expansion in the Indian Ocean sector of Antarctica: Insights from satellite
observation and model reanalysis, PloS one, 13, e0203222–e0203222, 2018.
Jones, J. M., Gille, S. T., Goosse, H., Abram, N. J., Canziani, P. O.,
Charman, D. J., Clem, K. R., Crosta, X., de Lavergne, C., Eisenman, I.,
England, M. H., Fogt, R. L., Frankcombe, L. M., Marshall, G. J.,
Masson-Delmotte, V., Morrison, A. K., Orsi, A. J., Raphael, M. N., Renwick,
J. A., Schneider, D. P., Simpkins, G. R., Steig, E. J., Stenni, B.,
Swingedouw, D., and Vance, T. R.: Assessing recent trends in high-latitude
Southern Hemisphere surface climate, Nat. Clim. Change, 6, 917–926,
2016.
Jones, J., Kohfeld, K. E., Bostock, H., Crosta, X., Liston, M., Dunbar, G., Chase, Z., Leventer, A., Anderson, H., and Jacobsen, G.: Sea ice changes in the southwest Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean during the last 140 000 years, Clim. Past, 18, 465–483, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-465-2022, 2022.
Jourdain, B., Preunkert, S., Cerri, O., Castebrunet, H., Udisti, R., and
Legrand, M.: Year-round record of size-segregated aerosol composition in
central Antarctica (Concordia station): Implications for the degree of
fractionation of sea-salt particles, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D14308, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009584, 2008.
Kaczmarska, I., Barbrick, N. E., Ehrman, J. M., and Cant, G. P.: Eucampia
Index as an indicator of the Late Pleistocene oscillations of the winter
sea-ice extent at the ODP Leg 119 Site 745B at the Kerguelen Plateau,
Hydrobiologia, 269/270, 103–112, 1993.
Kennedy, F., Martin, A., Castrisios, K., Cimoli, E., McMinn, A., and Ryan,
K.G.: Rapid manipulation in irradiance induces oxidative free-radical
release in a fast-ice algal community (McMurdo Sound, Antarctica), Front. Plant Sci., 11, 588005, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.588005, 2020.
Kim, S., Yoo, K.-C., Lee, J. I., Khim, B.-K., Bak, Y.-S, Lee, M. K., Lee,
J., Domack, E. W., Christ, A. J., and Yoon, H. I.: Holocene paleoceanography
of Bigo Bay, west Antarctic Peninsula: Connections between surface water
productivity and nutrient utilization and its implication for surface-deep
water mass exchange, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 192, 59–70, 2018.
Kohfeld, K. E. and Chase, Z.: Temporal evolution of mechanisms controlling
ocean carbon uptake during the last glacial cycle, Earth Planet.
Sci. Lett., 472, 206–215, 2017.
Kohyama, T. and Hartmann, D. L.: Antarctic Sea Ice Response to Weather and
Climate Modes of Variability, J. Climate, 29, 721–741, 2015.
Kusahara, K., Williams, G. D., Massom, R., Reid, P., and Hasumi, H.:
Spatiotemporal dependence of Antarctic sea ice variability to dynamic and
thermodynamic forcing: A coupled ocean–sea ice model study, Clim.
Dynam., 52, 3791–3807, 2019.
Kwok, R. and Comiso, J. C.: Spatial patterns of variability in Antarctic
surface temperature: Connections to the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode and
the Southern Oscillation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1705, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015415, 2002.
Kwok, R., Comiso, J. C., Lee, T., and Holland, P. R.: Linked trends in the
South Pacific sea ice edge and Southern Oscillation Index, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 43, 10295–210302, 2016.
Labrousse, S., Sallée, J.-B., Fraser, A. D., Massom, R. A., Reid, P.,
Sumner, M., Guinet, C., Harcourt, R., McMahon, C., Bailleul, F., Hindell, M.
A., and Charrassin, J.-B.: Under the sea ice: Exploring the relationship
between sea ice and the foraging behaviour of southern elephant seals in
East Antarctica, Prog. Oceanogr., 156, 17–40, 2017.
Labrousse, S., Williams, G., Tamura, T., Bestley, S., Sallée, J.-B.,
Fraser, A. D., Sumner, M., Roquet, F., Heerah, K., Picard, B., Guinet, C.,
Harcourt, R., McMahon, C., Hindell, M. A., and Charrassin, J.-B.: Coastal
polynyas: Winter oases for subadult southern elephant seals in East
Antarctica, Sci. Rep., 8, 3183, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21388-9, 2018.
Lafond, A., Leblanc, K., Legras, J., Cornet, V., and Quéguiner, B.: The
structure of diatom communities constrains biogeochemical properties in
surface waters of the Southern Ocean (Kerguelen Plateau), J. Mar.
Syst., 212, 103458, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2020.103458, 2020.
Lamping, N., Müller, J., Hefter, J., Mollenhauer, G., Haas, C., Shi, X., Vorrath, M.-E., Lohmann, G., and Hillenbrand, C.-D.: Evaluation of lipid biomarkers as proxies for sea ice and ocean temperatures along the Antarctic continental margin, Clim. Past, 17, 2305–2326, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2305-2021, 2021.
Lamping, N., Müller, J., Esper, O., Hillenbrand, C.-D., Smith, J. A.,
and Kuhn, G.: Highly branched isoprenoids reveal onset of deglaciation
followed by dynamic sea-ice conditions in the western Amundsen Sea,
Antarctica, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 228, 106103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106103, 2020.
Landrum, L., Holland, M. M., Schneider, D. P., and Hunke, E.: Antarctic sea
ice climatology, variability, and late twentieth-century change in CCSM4,
J. Climate, 25, 4817–4838, 2012.
Langhorne, P. J., Hughes, K. G., Gough, A. J., Smith, I. J., Williams, M. J.
M., Robinson, N. J., Stevens, C. L., Rack, W., Price, D., Leonard, G. H.,
Mahoney, A. R., Haas, C., and Haskell, T. G.: Observed platelet ice
distributions in Antarctic sea ice: An index for ocean-ice shelf heat flux,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 5442–5451, 2015.
Lannuzel, D., Schoemann, V., de Jong, J., Pasquer, B., van der Merwe, P.,
Masson, F., Tison, J.-L., and Bowie, A.: Distribution of dissolved iron in
Antarctic sea ice: Spatial, seasonal, and inter-annual variability, J. Geophys. Res., 115, G03022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG001031, 2010.
Lawler, K.-A., Cortese, G., Civel-Mazens, M., Bostock, H., Crosta, X., Leventer, A., Lowe, V., Rogers, J., and Armand, L. K.: The Southern Ocean Radiolarian (SO-RAD) dataset: a new compilation of modern radiolarian census data, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5441–5453, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5441-2021, 2021.
Lecomte, O., Goosse, H., Fichefet, T., de Lavergne, C., Barthélemy, A..,
and Zunz, V.: Vertical ocean heat redistribution sustaining sea-ice
concentration trends in the Ross Sea, Nat. Commun., 8, 258, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00347-4, 2017.
Leventer, A.: The fate of sea ice diatoms and their use as
paleoenvironmental indicators, in: Antarctic Sea Ice: Biological Processes, edited by:
Lizotte, M. P. and Arrigo, K. R., American Geophysical Union,
Washington, DC, USA, vol. 73, 121–137, 1998.
Leventer, A.: Modern distribution of diatoms in sediments from the George V
Coast, Antarctica, Mar. Micropaleontol., 19, 315–332, 1992.
Leventer, A., Domack, E. W., Ishman, S. E., Brachfeld, S., McClennen, C. E.,
and Manley, P.: Productivity cycles of 200–300 years in the Antarctic
Peninsula region: Understanding linkages among the sun, atmosphere, oceans,
sea ice, and biota, GSA Bulletin, 108, 1626–1644, 1996.
Leventer, A., Dunbar, R. B., and DeMaster, D. J.: Diatom Evidence for Late
Holocene Climatic Events in Granite Harbor, Antarctica, Paleoceanography, 8,
373–386, 1993.
Levine, J. G., Yang, X., Jones, A. E., and Wolff, E. W.: Sea salt as an ice
core proxy for past sea ice extent: A process-based model study, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 5737–5756, 2014.
Lhardy, F., Bouttes, N., Roche, D. M., Crosta, X., Waelbroeck, C., and Paillard, D.: Impact of Southern Ocean surface conditions on deep ocean circulation during the LGM: a model analysis, Clim. Past, 17, 1139–1159, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1139-2021, 2021.
Li, S., Huang, G., Li, X., Liu, J., and Fan, G.: An assessment of the
Antarctic sea ice mass budget simulation in CMIP6 historical experiment,
Front. Earth Sci., 9, 649743,, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.649743, 2021.
Li, Q., Xiao, W., Wang, R., and Chen, Z.: Diatom based reconstruction of
climate evolution through the Last Glacial Maximum to Holocene in the
Cosmonaut Sea, East Antarctica, Deep-Sea Res. II, 194, 104960, 2021.
Liu, J., Martinson, D. G., Yuan, X., and Rind, D.: Evaluating Antarctic sea
ice variability and its teleconnections in global climate models,
Int. J. Climatol., 22, 885–900, 2002.
Loeb, V., Siegel, V., Holm-Hansen, O., Hewitt, R., Fraser, W., Trivelpiece,
W., and Trivelpiece, S.: Effect of sea-ice extent and krill or salp
dominance on the Antarctic food web, Nature, 387, 897–900, 1997.
Lowe, V., Cortese, G., Lawler, L.-A., Civel-Mazens, M., and Bostock, H. C.:
Ecoregionalisation of the Southern Ocean using radiolarians, Front.
Mar. Sci., 9, 829676, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.829676, 2022.
Lund, D. C., Chase, Z., Kohfeld, K. E., and Wilson, E. A.: Tracking Southern
Ocean sea ice extent with Winter Water: A new method based on the oxygen
isotopic signature of foraminifera, Paleoceanogr. Paleoclimatol.,
36, e2020PA004095, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA004095, 2021.
Mahowald, N. M., Lamarque, J. F., Tie, X. X., and Wolff, E.: Sea-salt
aerosol response to climate change: Last Glacial Maximum, preindustrial, and
doubled carbon dioxide climates, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 111, D05303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006459, 2006.
Maksym, T.: Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice Change: Contrasts, Commonalities,
and Causes, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 11, 187–213, 2019.
Maksym, T., Stammerjohn, S. E., Ackley, S., and Massom, R.: Antarctic Sea
Ice – A Polar Opposite?, Oceanography, 25, 140–151, 2012.
Malmierca-Vallet, I., Sime, L. C., Tindall, J. C., Capron, E., Valdes, P.
J., and Vinther, B. M.: Simulating the Last Interglacial Greenland stable
water isotope peak: The role of Arctic sea ice changes, Quaternary Sci.
Rev., 198, 1–14, 2018.
Marcott, S. A., Bauska, T. K., Buizert, C., Steig, E. J., Rosen, J. L.,
Cuffrey, K. M., Fudge, T. J., Severinghaus, J. P., Ahn, J., Kalk, M.L.,
McConnell, J. R., Sowers, T., Taylor, K. C., White, J. W. C., and Brook, E.
J.: Centennial-scale changes in the global carbon cycle during the last
deglaciation, Nature, 514, 616–619, 2014.
MARGO Project Members: Constraints on the magnitude and patterns of ocean
cooling at the Last Glacial Maximum, Nat. Geosci., 2, 127–132, 2009.
Markle, B. R., Steig, E. J., Roe, G. H., Winckler, G., and McConnell, J. R.:
Concomitant variability in high-latitude aerosols, water isotopes and the
hydrologic cycle, Nat. Geosci., 11, 853–859, 2018.
Marzocchi, A. and Jansen, M. F.: Connecting Antarctic sea ice to deep-ocean
circulation in modern and glacial climate simulations, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 44, 6286–6295, 2017.
Marzocchi, A. and Jansen, M. F.: Global cooling linked to increased glacial
carbon storage via changes in Antarctic sea ice, Nat. Geosci., 12,
1001–1005, 2019.
Massé, G., Belt, S. T., Crosta, X., Schmidt, S., Snape, I., Thomas, D.
N., and Rowland, S. J.: Highly branched isoprenoids as proxies for variable
sea ice conditions in the Southern Ocean, Antarc. Sci., 23, 487–498,
2011.
Massom, R. A., Eicken, H., Hass, C., Jeffries, M. O., Drinkwater, M. R.,
Sturm, M., Worby, A. P., Wu, X., Lytle, V. I., Ushio, S., Morris, K., Reid,
P. A., Warren, S. G., and Allison, I.: Snow on Antarctic sea ice, Rev.
Geophys., 39, 413–445, 2001.
Massom, R. A., Harris, P. T., Michael, K. J., and Potter, M. J.: The
distribution and formative processes of latent-heat polynyas in East
Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 27, 420–426, 1998.
Massom, R. A., Scambos, T. A., Bennetts, L. G., Reid, P., Squire, V. A., and
Stammerjohn, S. E.: Antarctic ice shelf disintegration triggered by sea ice
loss and ocean swell, Nature, 558, 383–389, 2018.
Massom, R. A. and Stammerjohn, S. E.: Antarctic sea ice change and
variability – Physical and ecological implications, Polar Sci., 4,
149–186, 2010.
Masson-Delmotte, V., Buiron, D., Ekaykin, A., Frezzotti, M., Gallée, H., Jouzel, J., Krinner, G., Landais, A., Motoyama, H., Oerter, H., Pol, K., Pollard, D., Ritz, C., Schlosser, E., Sime, L. C., Sodemann, H., Stenni, B., Uemura, R., and Vimeux, F.: A comparison of the present and last interglacial periods in six Antarctic ice cores, Clim. Past, 7, 397–423, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-397-2011, 2011.
Matear, R. J., O'Kane, T. J., Risbey, J. S., and Chamberlain, M.: Sources of
heterogeneous variability and trends in Antarctic sea-ice, Nat.
Commun., 6, 8656, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9656, 2015.
McClymont, E. L., Bentley, M. J., Hodgson, D. A., Spencer-Jones, C. L., Wardley, T., West, M. D., Croudace, I. W., Berg, S., Gröcke, D. R., Kuhn, G., Jamieson, S. S. R., Sime, L., and Phillips, R. A.: Summer sea-ice variability on the Antarctic margin during the last glacial period reconstructed from snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea) stomach-oil deposits, Clim. Past, 18, 381–403, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-381-2022, 2022.
Meehl, G. A., Arblaster, J. M., Bitz, C. M., Chung, C. T. Y., and Teng, H.:
Antarctic sea-ice expansion between 2000 and 2014 driven by tropical Pacific
decadal climate variability, Nat. Geosci., 9, 590–595, 2016.
Menviel, L., Joos, F., and Ritz, S. P.: Simulating atmospheric CO2,
13C and the marine carbon cycle during the Last Glacial-Interglacial
cycle: possible role for a deepening of the mean remineralization depth and
an increase in the oceanic nutrient inventory, Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
56, 46–68, 2012.
Menviel, L., Spence, P., and England, M. H.: Contribution of enhanced
Antarctic Bottom Water formation to Antarctic warm events and
millennial-scale atmospheric CO2 increase, Earth Planet. Sci.
Lett., 413, 37–50, 2015.
Menviel, L., Spence, P., Yu, J., Chamberlain, M. A., Matear, R. J.,
Meissner, K. J., and England, M. H.: Southern Hemisphere westerlies as a
driver of the early deglacial atmospheric CO2 rise, Nat.
Commun., 9, 2503, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04876-4, 2018.
Mezgec, K., Stenni, B., Crosta, X., Masson-Delmotte, V., Baroni, C., Braida,
M., Ciardini, V., Colizza, E., Melis, R., Salvatore, M. C., Severi, M.,
Scarchilli, C., Traversi, R., Udisti, R., and Frezzotti, M.: Holocene sea
ice variability driven by wind and polynya efficiency in the Ross Sea,
Nat. Commun., 8, 1334, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01455-x, 2017.
Mix, A. C., Bard, E., and Schneider, R.: Environmental processes of the ice age: land, oceans, glaciers (EPILOG), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 20, 627–658, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00145-1, 2001.
Mohrmann, M., Heuzé, C., and Swart, S.: Southern Ocean polynyas in CMIP6 models, The Cryosphere, 15, 4281–4313, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4281-2021, 2021.
Nair, A., Mohan, R., Crosta, X., Manoj, M. C., Thamban, M., and Marieu, V.:
Southern Ocean sea ice and frontal changes during the Lçte Quaternary
and their linkages to Asian summer monsoon, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 213,
93–104, 2019.
Neori, A. and Holm-Hansen, O.: Effect of temperature on rate of
photosynthesis in Antarctic phytoplankton, Polar Biol., 1, 33–38, 1982.
Nicholls, K. W., Østerhus, S., Makinson, K., Gammelsrød, T., and
Fahrbach, E.: Ice-ocean processes over the continental shelf of the southern
Weddell Sea, Antarctica: A review, Rev. Geophys., 47, RG3003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007RG000250, 2009.
Nicolas, J. P., Vogelmann, A. M., Scott, R. C., Wilson, A. B., Cadeddu, M.
P., Bromwich, D. H., Verlinde, J., Lubin, D., Russell, L. M., Jenkinson, C.,
Powers, H. H., Ryczek, M., Stone, G., and Wille, J. D.: January 2016
extensive summer melt in West Antarctica favoured by strong El Niño,
Nat. Commun., 8, 15799, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15799, 2017.
Nielsen, S. H. H., Koc, N., and Crosta, X.: Holocene climate in the Atlantic
sector of the southern ocean: controlled by insolation or oceanic
circulation?, Geol. Soc. Am., 32, 317–320, 2004.
Nissen, C. and Vogt, M.: Factors controlling the competition between Phaeocystis and diatoms in the Southern Ocean and implications for carbon export fluxes, Biogeosciences, 18, 251–283, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-251-2021, 2021.
Noone, D. and Simmonds, I.: Sea ice control of water isotope transport to
Antarctica and implications for ice core interpretation, J.
Geophys. Res., 109, D07105, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004228, 2004.
Norkko, A., Thrush, S. F., Cummings, V. J., Gibbs, M. M., Andrew, N. L.,
Norkko, J., and Schwarz, A.-M.: Trophic structure of coastal Antarctic food
webs associated with changes in sea ice and food supply, Ecology, 88,
2810–2820, 2007.
Ohshima, K. I., Fukamachi, Y., Williams, G. D., Nihashi, S., Roquet, F.,
Kitade, Y., Tamura, T., Hirano, D., Herraiz-Borreguero, L., Field, I.,
Hindell, M., Aoki, S., and Wakatsuchi, M.: Antarctic Bottom Water production
by intense sea-ice formation in the Cape Darnley polynya, Nat. Geosci.,
6, 235–240, 2013.
Olbers, D., Gouretsky, V., Seiß, G., and Schröter, J.: Hydrographic
Atlas of the Southern Ocean, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Bremerhaven, https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/2325/ (last access: 29 July 2022), 1992.
Orsi, A. H., Whitworth III, T., and Nowlin Jr., W. D.: On the meridional
extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Deep-Sea Res. I,
42, 641–673, 1995.
Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Brady, E. C., Zhao, A., Brierley, C. M., Axford, Y., Capron, E., Govin, A., Hoffman, J. S., Isaacs, E., Kageyama, M., Scussolini, P., Tzedakis, P. C., Williams, C. J. R., Wolff, E., Abe-Ouchi, A., Braconnot, P., Ramos Buarque, S., Cao, J., de Vernal, A., Guarino, M. V., Guo, C., LeGrande, A. N., Lohmann, G., Meissner, K. J., Menviel, L., Morozova, P. A., Nisancioglu, K. H., O'ishi, R., Salas y Mélia, D., Shi, X., Sicard, M., Sime, L., Stepanek, C., Tomas, R., Volodin, E., Yeung, N. K. H., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Z., and Zheng, W.: Large-scale features of Last Interglacial climate: results from evaluating the lig127k simulations for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6)–Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4), Clim. Past, 17, 63–94, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-63-2021, 2021.
Pant, V., Moher, J., and Seelanki, V.: Multi-decadal variations in the
oceanic CO2 uptake and biogeochemical parameters over the northern and
southern high latitudes, Polar Sci., 18, 102–112, 2018.
Parkinson, C. L.: A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases
followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 14414–14423, 2019.
Parkinson, C. L. and Cavalieri, D. J.: Antarctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979–2010, The Cryosphere, 6, 871–880, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-871-2012, 2012.
Parkinson, C. L. and DiGirolamo, N. E.: Sea ice extents continue to set new
records: Arctic, Antarctic, and global results, Remote Sens.
Environ., 267, 112753, 2021.
Peck, V. L., Allen, C. S., Kender, S., McClymont, E. L., and Hodgson, D. A.:
Oceanographic variability on the West Antarctic Peninsula during the
Holocene and the influence of upper circumpolar deep water, Quaternary
Sci. Rev., 119, 54–65, 2015.
Pellichero, V., Sallée, J.-B., Chapman, C. C., and Downes, S. M.: The
southern ocean meridional overturning in the sea-ice sector is driven by
freshwater fluxes, Nat. Commun., 9, 1789, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04101-2, 2018.
Petit, J. R. and Delmonte, B.: A model for large glacial–interglacial
climate-induced changes in dust and sea salt concentrations in deep ice
cores (central Antarctica): Palaeoclimatic implications and prospects for
refining ice core chronologies, Tellus B, 61, 768–790, 2009.
Petrich, C. and Eicken, H.: Overview of sea ice growth and properties, in: Sea Ice, Third Edition, edited by: Thomas, D. N., Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 1–41, ISBN 9781118778388, 2017.
Pike, J., Crosta, X., Maddison, E. J., Stickley, C. E., Denis, D., Barbara,
L., and Renssen, H.: Observations on the relationship between the Antarctic
coastal diatoms Thalassiosira antarctica Comber and Porosira glacialis (Grunow) Jørgensen and sea ice
concentrations during the late Quaternary, Mar. Micropaleontol., 73,
14–25, 2009.
Pike, J., Swann, G. E. A., Leng, M. J., and Snelling, A. M.: Glacial
discharge along the west Antarctic Peninsula during the Holocene, Nat.
Geosci., 6, 199–202, 2013.
Polvani, L. M. and Smith, K. L.: Can natural variability explain observed
Antarctic sea ice trends? New modeling evidence from CMIP5, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 40, 3195–3199, 2013.
Prebble, J. G., Crouch, E. M., Carter, L., Cortese, G., Bostock, H. C., and
Neil, H.: An expanded modern dinoflagellate cyst dataset for the Southwest
Pacific and Southern Hemisphere with environmental associations, Mar.
Micropaleontol., 101, 33–48, 2013.
Purich, A., Cai, W., England, M. H., and Cowan, T.: Evidence for link
between modelled trends in Antarctic sea ice and underestimated westerly
wind changes, Nat. Commun., 7, 10409, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10409, 2016.
Purkey, S. G., W. M. Smethie Jr., Gebbie, G., Gordon, A. L., Sonnerup, R.
E., Warner, M. J., and Bullister, J. L.: A Synoptic View of the Ventilation
and Circulation of Antarctic Bottom Water from Chlorofluorocarbons and
Natural Tracers, Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 10, 503–527, 2018.
Rackow, T., Danilov, S., Goessling, H. F., Hellmer, H. H., Sein, D. V.,
Semmler, T., Sidorenko, D., and Jung, T.: Delayed Antarctic sea-ice decline
in high-resolution climate change simulations, Nat. Commun., 13,
637, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28259-y, 2022.
Ragueneau, O., Tréguer, P., Leynaert, A., Anderson, R. F., Brzezinski,
M. A., DeMaster, D. J., Dugdale, R. C., Dymond, J., Fischer, G.,
François, R., Heinze, C., Maier-Reimer, E., Martin-Jézéquel, V.,
Nelson, D. M., and Quéguiner, B.: A review of the Si cycle in the modern
ocean: recent progress and missing gaps in the application of biogenic opal
as a paleoproductivity proxy, Global Planet. Change, 26, 317–365,
2000.
Rahaman, W., Thamban, M., and Laluraj, C.: Twentieth-century sea ice
variability in the Weddell Sea and its effect on moisture transport:
Evidence from a coastal East Antarctic ice core record, The Holocene, 26,
338–349, 2016.
Rankin, A. M., Wolff, E. W., and Martin, S.: Frost flowers: Implications for
tropospheric chemistry and ice core interpretation, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 107, 4683, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002492, 2002.
Raphael, M. N.: The influence of atmospheric zonal wave three on Antarctic
sea ice variability, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112,
D12112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007852, 2007.
Reader, M. C. and McFarlane, N.: Sea-salt aerosol distribution during the
Last Glacial Maximum and its implications for mineral dust, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4253, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002063, 2003.
Renssen, H., Goosse, H., Fichefet, T., Masson-Delmotte, V., and Koç, N.:
Holocene climate evolution in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere
simulated by a coupled atmosphere-sea ice-ocean-vegetation model, The
Holocene, 15, 951–964, 2005.
Rhodes, R. H., Kohfeld, K. E., Bostock, H., Crosta, X., Leventer, A.,
Meissner, K., and Esper, O.: Understanding past changes in sea ice in the
Southern Ocean, PAGES Magazine, 27, 31, https://doi.org/10.22498/pages.27.1.31, 2019.
Rhodes, R. H., Yang, X., and Wolff, E. W.: Sea Ice Versus Storms: What
Controls Sea Salt in Arctic Ice Cores?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45,
5572–5580, 2018.
Riaux-Gobin, C., Dieckmann, G. S., Poulin, M., Neveux, J., Labrune, C., and
Vétion, G.: Environmental conditions, particle flux and sympagic
microalgal succession in spring before the sea-ice break-up in Adélie
Land, East Antarctica, Pol. Res., 32, 19675, https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v32i0.19675, 2013.
Riaux-Gobin, C. and Poulin, M.: Possible symbiosis of Berkeleya adeliensis Medlin, Synedropsis fragilis (Manguin)
Hasle et al. and Nitzschia lecointei van Heurck (Bacillariophyta) associated with land-fast ice
in Adelie Land, Ant. Diatom Res., 19, 265–274, 2004.
Rigual-Hernández, A. S., Trull, T. W., Gray, S. G., and Armand, L. K.:
The fate of diatom valves in the Subantarctic and Polar Frontal Zones of the
Southern Ocean: Sediment trap versus surface sediment assemblages,
Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 457, 129–143, 2016.
Rintoul, S. R.: The global influence of localized dynamics in the Southern
Ocean, Nature, 558, 209–218, 2018.
Rintoul, S. R.: On the Origin and Influence of Adélie Land Bottom Water, in: Ocean, Ice, and Atmosphere: Interactions at the Antarctic Continental
Margin, edited byL Jacobs, S. S. and Weiss, R. F., Antarctic Research Series,
vol. 75, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 151–171, 1998.
Roach, L. A., Bitz, C. M., Horvat, C., and Dean, S. M.: Advances in Modeling
Interactions Between Sea Ice and Ocean Surface Waves, J. Adv.
Model. Earth Syst., 11, 4167–4181, 2019.
Roach, L. A., Dörr, J., Holmes, C. R., Massonnet, F., Blockley, E. W.,
Notz, D., Rackow, T., Raphael, M. N., O'Farrell, S. P., Bailey, D. A., and
Bitz, C. M.: Antarctic sea ice in CMIP6, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47,
e2019GL086729, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086729, 2020.
Roche, D. M., Crosta, X., and Renssen, H.: Evaluating Southern Ocean sea-ice
for the Last Glacial Maximum and pre-industrial climates: PMIP-2 models and
data evidence, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 56, 99–106, 2012.
Romero, O. E., Armand, L. K., Crosta, X., and Pichon, J. J.: The
biogeography of major diatom taxa in Southern Ocean surface sediments: 3.
Tropical/Subtropical species, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol.
Palaeoecol., 223, 49–65, 2005.
Rontani, J.-F., Smik, L., Belt, S. T., Vaultier, F., Armbrecht, L.,
Leventer, A., and Armand, L. K.: Abiotic degradation of highly branched
isoprenoid alkenes and other lipids in the water column off East Antarctica,
Mar. Chem., 210, 34–47, 2019.
Rontani, J. F., Belt, S. T., Vaultier, F., Brown, T. A., and Massé, G.:
Autoxidative and photooxidative reactivity of Highly Branched Isoprenoid
(HBI) alkenes, Lipids, 49, 481–494, 2014.
Roscoe, H. K., Brooks, B., Jackson, A. V., Smith, M. H., Walker, S. J.,
Obbard, R. W., and Wolff, E. W.: Frost flowers in the laboratory: Growth,
characteristics, aerosol, and the underlying sea ice, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 116, D12301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015144, 2011.
Rossi, L., Sporta Caputi, S., Calizza, E., Careddu, G., Oliverio, M.,
Schiaparelli, S., and Constantini, M.L.: Antarctic food web architecture
under varying dynamics of sea ice cover, Sci. Rep., 9, 12454,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48245-7, 2019.
Röthlisberger, R., Bigler, M., Wolff, E. W., Joos, F., Monnin, E.,
Hutterli, M. A.: Ice core evidence for the extent of past atmospheric
CO2 change due to iron fertilisation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31,
L16207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020338, 2004.
Röthlisberger, R., Crosta, X., Abram, N. J., Armand, L., and Wolff, E.
W.: Potential and limitations of marine and ice core sea ice proxies: An
example from the Indian Ocean sector, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29,
296–302, 2010.
Rye, C. D., Marshall, J., Kelley, M., Russell, G., Nazarenko, L. S., Kostov,
Y., Schmidt, G. A., and Hansen, J.: Antarctic glacial melt as a driver of
recent Southern Ocean climate trends, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47,
e2019GL086892, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086892, 2020.
Rysgaard, S., Bendtsen, J., Delille, B., Dieckmann, G. S., Glud, R. N.,
Kennedy, H., Mortensen, J., Papadimitriou, S., Thomas, D. N., and Tison,
J.-L.: Sea ice contribution to the air–sea CO2 exchange in the Arctic
and Southern oceans, Tellus B, 63, 823–830, 2011.
Sabu, P., Subeesh, M. P., Sivakrishnan, K. K., and Anilkumar, N.: Causes and
impacts of anomalous warming in the Prydz Bay, East Antarctica during
austral summer 2016-17, Polar Sci., 30, 100660, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2021.100660, 2021.
Sarmiento, J. L., Gruber, N., Brzezinski, M. A., and Dunne, J. P.:
High-latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological
productivity, Nature, 427, 56–60, 2004.
Schönhardt, A., Begoin, M., Richter, A., Wittrock, F., Kaleschke, L., Gómez Martín, J. C., and Burrows, J. P.: Simultaneous satellite observations of IO and BrO over Antarctica, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6565–6580, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6565-2012, 2012.
Seguin, A. M., Norman, A.-L., and Barrie, L.: Evidence of sea ice source in
aerosol sulfate loading and size distribution in the Canadian High Arctic
from isotopic analysis, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119,
1087–1096, 2014.
Severi, M., Becagli, S., Caiazzo, L., Ciardini, V., Colizza, E., Giardi, F.,
Mezgec, K., Scarchilli, C., Stenni, B., Thomas, E. R., Traversi, R., and
Udisti, R.: Sea salt sodium record from Talos Dome (East Antarctica) as a
potential proxy of the Antarctic past sea ice extent, Chemosphere, 177,
266–274, 2017.
Shemesh, A., Hodell, D., Crosta, X., Kanfoush, S., Charles, C., and
Guilderson, T.: Sequence of events during the last deglaciation in Southern
Ocean sediments and Antarctic ice cores, Paleoceanography, 17, 1056, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000PA000599,
2002.
Shevenell, A., Ingalls, A. E., Domack, E. W., and Kelly, C.: Holocene
Southern Ocean temperature variability west of the Antarctic Peninsula,
Nature, 470, 250–254, 2011.
Shin, S. I., Liu, Z., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Brady, E. C., Kutzbach, J. E., and
Vavrus, S.: Southern Ocean sea-ice control on the glacial North Atlantic
thermohaline circulation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1096, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015513, 2003.
Shu, Q., Song, Z., and Qiao, F.: Assessment of sea ice simulations in the CMIP5 models, The Cryosphere, 9, 399–409, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-399-2015, 2015.
Shukla, S. K., Crosta, X., and Ikehara, M.: Sea surface temperatures in the
Indian Sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean for the four interglacial periods,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL090994, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090994, 2021.
Sigmond, M. and Fyfe, J. C.: Has the ozone hole contributed to increased
Antarctic sea ice extent?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18502, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044301, 2010.
Sime, L. C., Hopcroft, P. O., and Rhodes, R. H.: Impact of abrupt sea ice
loss on Greenland water isotopes during the last glacial period, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
116, 4099–4104, 2019.
Simmonds, I.: Comparing and contrasting the behaviour of Arctic and
Antarctic sea ice over the 35 year period 1979-2013, Ann. Glaciol.,
56, 18–28, 2015.
Simpkins, G. R., Ciasto, L. M., Thompson, D. W. J., and England, M. H.:
Seasonal Relationships between Large-Scale Climate Variability and Antarctic
Sea Ice Concentration, J. Climate, 25, 5451–5469, 2012.
Singh, H. K. A., Landrum, L., Holland, M. M., Bailey, D. A., and DuVivier,
A. K.: An overview of Antarctic sea ice in the Community Earth System Model
version 2, part I: Analysis of the seasonal cycle in the context of sea ice
thermodynamics and coupled atmosphere-ocean-ice processes, J.
Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 12, e2020MS002143, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002143, 2020.
Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., Rijpstra, W. I. C., Coolen, M. J. L., Schouten,
S., and Volkman, J. K.: Rapid sulfurisation of highly branched isoprenoid
(HBI) alkenes in sulfidic Holocene sediments from Ellis Fjord, Antarctica,
Org. Geochem., 38, 128–139, 2007.
Sjunneskog, C. and Taylor, F.: Postglacial marine diatom record of the
Palmer Deep, Antarctic Peninsula (ODP Leg 178, Site 1098) 1. Total diatom
abundance, Paleoceanography, 17, 10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000PA000563, 2002.
Smik, L., Belt, S. T., Lieser, J. L., Armand, L. K., and Leventer, A.:
Distributions of highly branched isoprenoid alkenes and other algal lipids
in surface waters from East Antarctica: Further insights for biomarker-based
paleo sea-ice reconstruction, Org. Geochem., 95, 71–80, 2016.
Spolaor, A., Vallelonga, P., Plane, J. M. C., Kehrwald, N., Gabrieli, J., Varin, C., Turetta, C., Cozzi, G., Kumar, R., Boutron, C., and Barbante, C.: Halogen species record Antarctic sea ice extent over glacial–interglacial periods, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6623–6635, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6623-2013, 2013.
Stein, K., Timmermann, A., Kwon, E. Y., and Friedrich, T.: Timing and
magnitude of Southern Ocean sea ice/carbon cycle feedbacks, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117.
4498–4504, 2020.
Stuecker, M. F., Bitz, C. M., and Armour, K. C.: Conditions leading to the
unprecedented low Antarctic sea ice extent during the 2016 austral spring
season, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 9008–9019, 2017.
Sturm, M. and Massom, R. A.: Snow in the sea ice system: friend or foe?, in:
Sea Ice, 3rd Edition, edited by: Thomas, D. N., Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK,
65–109, 2017.
Swingedouw, D., Fichefet, T., Huybrechts, P., Goosse, H., Driesschaert, E.,
and Loutre, M.-F.: Antarctic ice-sheet melting provides negative feedbacks
on future climate warming, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L17705, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034410, 2008.
Takao, S., Nakaoka, S.-I., Hashihama, F., Shimada, K., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H.,
Hirawake, T., Kanda, J., Hashida, G., and Suzuki, K.: Effects of
phytoplankton community composition and productivity on sea surface
pCO2 variations in the Southern Ocean, Deep Sea Res. Part I, 160, 103263, 2020.
Tamsitt, V., Drake, H. F., Morrison, A. K., Talley, L. D., Dufour, C. O.,
Gray, A. R., Griffies, S. M., Mazloff, M. R., Sarmiento, J. L., Wang, J.,
and Weijer, W.: Spiraling pathways of global deep waters to the surface of
the Southern Ocean, Nat. Commun., 8, 172, 2017.
Taylor, F. and Sjunneskog, C.: Postglacial marine diatom record of the
Palmer Deep, Antarctic Peninsula (ODP Leg 178, Site 1098) 2. Diatom
assemblages, Paleoceanography, 17, 8001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000PA000564, 2002.
Taylor, F., Whitehead, J., and Domack, E.: Holocene paleoclimate change in
the Antarctic Peninsula: evidence from the diatom, sedimentary and
geochemical record, Mar. Micropaleontol., 41, 25–43, 2001.
Thomas, D. N. and Dieckmann, G. S.: Antarctic sea ice: A habitat for
extremophile, Science, 295, 641–644, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1063391, 2022.
Thomas, E. R., Allen, C. S., Etourneau, J., King, A. C. F., Severi, M.,
Winton, V. H. L., Mueller, J., Crosta, X., and Peck, V. L.: Antarctic sea
ice proxies from Marine and ice core archives suitable for reconstructing
sea ice over the past 2000 Years, Geosciences, 9, 506, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9120506, 2019.
Totten, R. L., Reuel Fonseca, A. N., Smith Wellner, J., Munoz, Y. P.,
Anderson, J. B., Tobin, T. S., and Lehrmann, A. A.: Oceanographic and
climatic influences on Trooz Glacier, Antarctica, during the Holocene,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 276, 107279, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107279, 2022.
Turner, J., Hosking, J. S., Marshall, G. J., Phillips, T., and Bracegirdle,
T. J.: Antarctic sea ice increase consistent with intrinsic variability of
the Amundsen Sea Low, Clim. Dynam., 46, 2391–2402, 2016.
Turner, J., Hosking, J. S., Phillips, T., and Marshall, G. J.: Temporal and
spatial evolution of the Antarctic sea ice prior to the September 2012
record maximum extent, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5894–5898, 2013.
Turner, J., Phillips, T., Marshall, G. J., Hosking, J. S., Pope, J. O.,
Bracegirdle, T. J., and Deb, P.: Unprecedented springtime retreat of
Antarctic sea ice in 2016, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 6868–6875,
2017.
Vallelonga, P., Maffezzoli, N., Moy, A. D., Curran, M. A. J., Vance, T. R., Edwards, R., Hughes, G., Barker, E., Spreen, G., Saiz-Lopez, A., Corella, J. P., Cuevas, C. A., and Spolaor, A.: Sea-ice-related halogen enrichment at Law Dome, coastal East Antarctica, Clim. Past, 13, 171–184, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-171-2017, 2017.
Vallelonga, P., Maffezzoli, N., Saiz-Lopez, A., Scoto, F., Kjaer, H.A., and
Spolar, A.: Sea-ice reconstructions from bromine and iodine in ice cores,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 269, 107133, 2021.
Vance, T. R., van Ommen, T. D., Curran, M. A. J., Plummer, C. T., and Moy,
A. D.: A millennial proxy record of ENSO and Eastern Australian rainfall
from the Law Dome ice core, East Antarctica, J. Climate, 26,
710–725, 2013.
Vancoppenolle, M., Fichefet, T., and Goosse, H.: Simulating the mass balance
and salinity of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice. 2. Importance of sea ice
salinity variations, Ocean Modell., 27, 54–69, 2009.
Vancoppenolle, M., Meiners, K. M., Michel, C., Bopp, L., Brabant, F.,
Carnat, G., Delille, B., Lannuzel, D., Madec, G., Moreau, S., Tison, J.-L.,
and van der Merwe, P.: Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles:
Emerging views and challenges, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 79, 207–230, 2013.
Van Den Broeke, M., Reijmer, C., Van As, D., Van de Wal, R., and Oerlemans,
J.: Seasonal cycles of Antarctic surface energy balance from automatic
weather stations, Ann. Glaciol., 41, 131–139, 2005.
Van Leeuwe, M. A., Tedesco, L., Arrigo, K. R., Assmy, P., Campbell, K.,
Meiners, K. M., Rintala, J.-M., Selz, V., Thomas, D. N., and Stefels, J.:
Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and
Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis, Elem. Sci. Anth., 6, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.267, 2018.
Veres, D., Bazin, L., Landais, A., Toyé Mahamadou Kele, H., Lemieux-Dudon, B., Parrenin, F., Martinerie, P., Blayo, E., Blunier, T., Capron, E., Chappellaz, J., Rasmussen, S. O., Severi, M., Svensson, A., Vinther, B., and Wolff, E. W.: The Antarctic ice core chronology (AICC2012): an optimized multi-parameter and multi-site dating approach for the last 120 thousand years, Clim. Past, 9, 1733–1748, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1733-2013, 2013.
Vernet, M., Geibert, W., Hoppema, M., Brown, P. J., Haas, C.,
Hellmer, H. H., Jokat, W., Jullion, L., Mazloff, M., Bakker,
D. C. E., Brearley, J. A., Croot, P., Hattermann, T., Hauck,
J., Hillenbrand, C.-D., Hoppe, C. J. M., Huhn, O., Koch, B.
P., Lechtenfeld, O. J., Meredith, M. P., Naveira Garabato, A.
C., Nöthig, E.-M., Peeken, I., Rutgers van der Loeff, M. M.,
Schmidtko, S., Schröder, M., Strass, V. H., Torres-Valdés, S.,
and Verdy, A.: The Weddell Gyre, Southern
Ocean: Present Knowledge and Future Challenges, Rev. Geophys., 57,
623–708, 2019.
Von Quillfeldt, C. H.: The diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus and its potential as an indicator species
for cold water rather than for sea ice, Vie Milieu, 54, 137–143, 2004.
Vorrath, M.-E., Müller, J., Esper, O., Mollenhauer, G., Haas, C., Schefuß, E., and Fahl, K.: Highly branched isoprenoids for Southern Ocean sea ice reconstructions: a pilot study from the Western Antarctic Peninsula, Biogeosciences, 16, 2961–2981, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2961-2019, 2019.
Vorrath, M.-E., Müller, J., Rebolledo, L., Cárdenas, P., Shi, X., Esper, O., Opel, T., Geibert, W., Muñoz, P., Haas, C., Kuhn, G., Lange, C. B., Lohmann, G., and Mollenhauer, G.: Sea ice dynamics in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctic Peninsula, during the past 240 years: a multi-proxy intercomparison study, Clim. Past, 16, 2459–2483, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2459-2020, 2020.
Wadhams, P., Lange, M. A., and Ackley, S. F.: The ice thickness distribution
across the Atlantic sector of the Antarctic Ocean in midwinter, J.
Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 92, 14535–14552, 1987.
Wagenbach, D., Ducroz, F., Mulvaney, R., Keck, L., Minikin, A., Legrand, M.,
Hall, J. S., and Wolff, E. W.: Sea-salt aerosol in coastal Antarctic
regions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 10961–10974,
1998.
Wang, X. and Wu, Z.: Variability in Polar Sea Ice (1989–2018), IEEE
Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., 18, 1520–1524, 2021.
Weber, M. E., Bailey, I., Hemming, S. R., Martos, Y. M., Reilly, B. T.,
Ronge, T. A., Brachfeld, S., Williams, T., Raymo, M., Belt, S. T., Smik, L.,
Vogel, H., Peck, V. L., Armbrecht, L., Cage, A., Cardillo, F. G., Du, Z.,
Fauth, G., Fogwill, C. J., Garcia, M., Garnworthy, M., Glüder, A.,
Guitard, M., Gutjahr, M., Hernández-Almeida, I., Hoem, F. S., Hwang,
J.-H., Iizuka, M., Kato, Y., Kenlee, B., OConnell, S., Pérez, L. F.,
Seki, O., Stevens, L., Tauxe, L., Tripathi, S., Warnock, J., and Zheng, X.:
Antiphased dust deposition and productivity in the Antarctic Zone over te
1.5 million years, Nat. Commun., 13, 2044, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29642-5, 2022.
Weeks, W. F. and Ackley, S. F.: The growth, structure, and properties of sea
ice, CRREL Monograph, 81-1, 129 pp., 1982.
Weller, R., Traufetter, F., Fischer, H., Oerter, H., Piel, C., and Miller,
H.: Postdepositional losses of methane sulfonate, nitrate, and chloride at
the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica deep-drilling site in
Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D07301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004189, 2004.
White, W. B. and Peterson, R. G.: An Antarctic circumpolar wave in surface
pressure, wind, temperature and sea-ice extent, Nature, 380, 699–702, 1996.
Whitehead, J. M. and McMinn, A.: Kerguelen Plateau Quaternary–late Pliocene
palaeoenvironments: From diatom, silicoflagellate and sedimentological data,
Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 186, 335–368, 2002.
Whitehead, J. M., Wotherspoon, S., and Bohaty, S. M.: Minimal Antarctic sea
ice during the Pliocene, Geology, 33, 137–140, 2005.
Wing, S. R., Leicther, J. J., Wing, L. C., Stokes, D., Genovese, S. J.,
McMullin, R. M., and Shatova, O. A.: Contribution of sea ice microbial
production to Antarctic benthic communities is drvien by sea ice dynamics
and composition of functional guilds, Global Change Biol., 24,
3642–3653, 2018.
Winski, D. A., Osterberg, E. C., Kreutz, K. J., Ferris, D. G., Cole-Dai, J.,
Thundercloud, Z., Huang, J., Alexander, B., Jaeglé, L., Kennedy, J. A.,
Larrick, C., Kahle, E. C., Steig, E. J., and Jones, T. R.: Seasonally
resolved Holocene sea ice variability inferred from South Pole ice core
chemistry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL091602, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091602, 2021.
Wolff, E. W., Barbante, C., Becagli, S., Bigler, M., Boutron, C. F.,
Castellano, E., de Angelis, M., Federer, U., Fischer, H., Fundel, F.,
Hansson, M., Hutterli, M., Jonsell, U., Karlin, T., Kaufmann, P., Lambert,
F., Littot, G. C., Mulvaney, R., Röhlisberger, R., Ruth, U., Severi, M.,
Siggaard-Andersen, M. L., Sime, L. C., Steffensen, J. P., Stocker, T. F.,
Traversi, R., Twarloh, B., Udisti, R., Wagenbach, D., and Wegner, A.:
Changes in environment over the last 800,000 years from chemical analysis of
the EPICA Dome C ice core, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 285–295, 2010.
Wolff, E. W., Fischer, H., Fundel, F., Ruth, U., Twarloh, B., Littot, G. C.,
Mulvaney, R., Röthlisberger, R., de Angelis, M., Boutron, C. F.,
Hansson, M., Jonsell, U., Hutterli, M. A., Lambert, F., Kaufmann, P.,
Stauffer, B., Stocker, T. F., Steffensen, J. P., Bigler, M.,
Siggaard-Andersen, M. L., Udisti, R., Becagli, S., Castellano, E., Severi,
M., Wagenbach, D., Barbante, C., Gabrielli, P., and Gaspari, V.: Southern
Ocean sea-ice extent, productivity and iron flux over the past eight glacial
cycles, Nature, 440, 491–496, 2006.
Wolff, E.W., Rhodes, R.H., and Legrand, M.: Chapter 7 - Sea Salt in the
Polar Regions, in: Advances in Atmospheric Chemistry, volume 3: Chemistry in
the Cryosphere Part 1, edited by: Shepson, P. B. and Domine, F., World
Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore, 365–410 pp., 2021.
Worby, A. P., Geiger, C. A., Paget, M. J., van Woert, M. L., Ackley, S. F.,
and DeLiberty, T. L.: Thickness distribution of Antarctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C05S92, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004254, 2008.
Wright, S. W. and van den Enden, R. L.: Phytoplankton community structure
and stocks in the East Antarctic marginal ice zone (BROKE survey,
January–March 1996) determined by CHEMTAX analysis of HPLC pigment
signatures, Deep-Sea Res. II, 47, 2363–2400, 2000.
Wright, S. W., van den Enden, R. L., Pearce, I., Davidson, A. T., Scott, F.
J., and Westwood, K. J.: Phytoplankton community structure and stocks in the
Southern Ocean (30–80∘ E) determined by CHEMTAX analysis of HPLC
pigment signatures, Deep-Sea Res. II, 57, 758–778, 2010.
Xiao, W. S., Esper, O., and Gersonde, R.: Last Glacial – Holocene climate
variability in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, Quaternary Sci.
Rev., 135, 115–137, 2016.
Yang, X., Frey, M. M., Rhodes, R. H., Norris, S. J., Brooks, I. M., Anderson, P. S., Nishimura, K., Jones, A. E., and Wolff, E. W.: Sea salt aerosol production via sublimating wind-blown saline snow particles over sea ice: parameterizations and relevant microphysical mechanisms, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8407–8424, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8407-2019, 2019.
Yang, X., Pyle, J. A., and Cox, R. A.: Sea salt aerosol production and
bromine release: Role of snow on sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
35, L16815, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034536, 2008.
Yang, J., Xiao, C., Liu, J., Li, S., and Qin, D.: Variability of Antarctic
sea ice extent over the past 200 years, Sci. Bull., 66, 2394–2404,
2021.
Yeung, N. K.-H., Menviel, L., Meissner, K. J., and Sikes, E. L.: Assessing he
spatial origin of Meltwater Pulse 1A using oxygen-isotope fingerprinting,
Paleoceanogr. Paleoclimatol., 34, 2031–2046, 2019.
Yuan, N., Ding, M., Ludescher, J., and Bunde, A.: Increase of the Antarctic
Sea Ice Extent is highly significant only in the Ross Sea, Sci.
Rep., 7, 41096, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41096, 2017.
Yuan, X.: ENSO-related impacts on Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis of
phenomenon and mechanisms, Ant. Sci., 16, 415–425, 2004.
Zielinski, U. and Gersonde, R.: Diatom distribution in Southern Ocean
surface sediments (Atlantic sector): Implications for paleoenvironmental
reconstructions, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 129,
213–250, 1997.
Zielinski, U., Gersonde, R., Sieger, R., and Fütterer, D.: Quaternary
surface water temperature estimations: Calibration of a diatom transfer
function for the Southern Ocean, Paleoceanography, 13, 365–383, 1998.
Zunz, V., Goosse, H., and Massonnet, F.: How does internal variability influence the ability of CMIP5 models to reproduce the recent trend in Southern Ocean sea ice extent?, The Cryosphere, 7, 451–468, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-451-2013, 2013.
Zwally, H. J., Comiso, J. C., Parkinson, C. L., Cavalieri, D. J., and
Gloersen, P.: Variability of Antarctic sea ice 1979–1998, J.
Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 107, 3041, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000733, 2002.
Short summary
Despite its importance in the global climate, our knowledge of Antarctic sea-ice changes throughout the last glacial–interglacial cycle is extremely limited. As part of the Cycles of Sea Ice Dynamics in the Earth system (C-SIDE) Working Group, we review marine- and ice-core-based sea-ice proxies to provide insights into their applicability and limitations. By compiling published records, we provide information on Antarctic sea-ice dynamics over the past 130 000 years.
Despite its importance in the global climate, our knowledge of Antarctic sea-ice changes...
