Articles | Volume 21, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-161-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-161-2025
Research article
 | 
27 Jan 2025
Research article |  | 27 Jan 2025

Last-millennium volcanic forcing and climate response using SO2 emissions

Lauren R. Marshall, Anja Schmidt, Andrew P. Schurer, Nathan Luke Abraham, Lucie J. Lücke, Rob Wilson, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Gabriele C. Hegerl, Ben Johnson, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Esther C. Brady, Myriam Khodri, and Kohei Yoshida

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Cited articles

Abdelkader, M., Stenchikov, G., Pozzer, A., Tost, H., and Lelieveld, J.: The effect of ash, water vapor, and heterogeneous chemistry on the evolution of a Pinatubo-size volcanic cloud, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 471–500, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-471-2023, 2023. 
Anchukaitis, K. J. and Smerdon, J. E.: Progress and uncertainties in global and hemispheric temperature reconstructions of the Common Era, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 286, 107537, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107537, 2022. 
Anchukaitis, K. J., Wilson, R., Briffa, K. R., Büntgen, U., Cook, E. R., D'Arrigo, R., Davi, N., Esper, J., Frank, D., Gunnarson, B. E., Hegerl, G., Helama, S., Klesse, S., Krusic, P. J., Linderholm, H. W., Myglan, V., Osborn, T. J., Zhang, P., Rydval, M., Schneider, L., Schurer, A., Wiles, G., and Zorita, E.: Last millennium Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures from tree rings: Part II, spatially resolved reconstructions, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 163, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.02.020, 2017. 
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Short summary
Large volcanic eruptions have caused temperature deviations over the past 1000 years; however, climate model results and reconstructions of surface cooling using tree rings do not match. We explore this mismatch using the latest models and find a better match to tree-ring reconstructions for some eruptions. Our results show that the way in which eruptions are simulated in models matters for the comparison to tree-rings, particularly regarding the spatial spread of volcanic aerosol.

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