Articles | Volume 21, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-161-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-161-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Jan 2025
Research article |
| 27 Jan 2025
| 27 Jan 2025
Last-millennium volcanic forcing and climate response using SO2 emissions
Lauren R. Marshall
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
now at: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
Anja Schmidt
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IPA), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Meteorological Institute, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Andrew P. Schurer
School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Nathan Luke Abraham
Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Cambridge, UK
Lucie J. Lücke
School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Rob Wilson
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
Kevin J. Anchukaitis
School of Geography, Development and Environment and Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Gabriele C. Hegerl
School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Ben Johnson
Met office, Exeter, UK
Bette L. Otto-Bliesner
Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Esther C. Brady
Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Myriam Khodri
LOCEAN/IPSL, Sorbonne University/IRD/CNRS/MNHN, Paris, France
Kohei Yoshida
Department of Atmosphere, Ocean, and Earth System Modeling, Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan
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Cited
6 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Enhanced characterization of SO2 plume height and column density using the second UV spectral band of TROPOMI L. Fabris et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1801-2026
- Unraveling volcanic cooling in semi-arid climates: model–observation gaps and multi-eruption impacts over Iran G. Roshan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-026-08282-8
- A climate of conflict: How the little ice age sparked rebellions and revolutions across Europe D. Kaniewski et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105038
- Using reduced-complexity volcanic aerosol and climate models to produce large ensemble simulations of Holocene temperature M. Verkerk et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1755-2025
- The Impact of Volcanic Eruptions on Tropical Hydroclimate R. D’Agostino et al. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-071025-112048
- Long-Term Volcanic Signal in 21st-Century Climate Projections with a 25-Member Stochastic Ensemble Using SOCOL-MPIOM M. Tkachenko & E. Rozanov https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17060577
6 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Enhanced characterization of SO2 plume height and column density using the second UV spectral band of TROPOMI L. Fabris et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1801-2026
- Unraveling volcanic cooling in semi-arid climates: model–observation gaps and multi-eruption impacts over Iran G. Roshan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-026-08282-8
- A climate of conflict: How the little ice age sparked rebellions and revolutions across Europe D. Kaniewski et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105038
- Using reduced-complexity volcanic aerosol and climate models to produce large ensemble simulations of Holocene temperature M. Verkerk et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1755-2025
- The Impact of Volcanic Eruptions on Tropical Hydroclimate R. D’Agostino et al. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-071025-112048
- Long-Term Volcanic Signal in 21st-Century Climate Projections with a 25-Member Stochastic Ensemble Using SOCOL-MPIOM M. Tkachenko & E. Rozanov https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17060577
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 07 Aug 2026
Short summary
Large volcanic eruptions have caused temperature deviations over the past 1000 years; however, climate model results and reconstructions of surface cooling using tree rings do not match. We explore this mismatch using the latest models and find a better match to tree-ring reconstructions for some eruptions. Our results show that the way in which eruptions are simulated in models matters for the comparison to tree-rings, particularly regarding the spatial spread of volcanic aerosol.
Large volcanic eruptions have caused temperature deviations over the past 1000 years; however,...
