Articles | Volume 10, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1605-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1605-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
29 Aug 2014
Research article |
| 29 Aug 2014
Arctic Holocene proxy climate database – new approaches to assessing geochronological accuracy and encoding climate variables
H. S. Sundqvist
Department of Physical Geography & Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
D. S. Kaufman
School of Earth Sciences & Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
N. P. McKay
School of Earth Sciences & Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
N. L. Balascio
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
J. P. Briner
Department of Geology, University at Buffalo, New York, USA
L. C. Cwynar
Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
H. P. Sejrup
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
H. Seppä
Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
D. A. Subetto
Northern Water Problems Institute, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
J. T. Andrews
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
Y. Axford
Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
H. J. B. Birks
Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, UK
School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, London, UK
S. J. Brooks
Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
A. de Vernal
GEOTOP, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
A. E. Jennings
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
F. C. Ljungqvist
Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of History, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
K. M. Rühland
Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, Ontario, Canada
C. Saenger
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
J. P. Smol
Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, Ontario, Canada
A. E. Viau
Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
Related authors
No articles found.
Jianpu Bian, Jouni Räisänen, and Heikki Seppä
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3673, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3673, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Climate of the Past (CP).
Short summary
Short summary
This research examines the impact of the global ITCZ northward migration on Hadley cell dynamics and terrestrial hydroclimate during the mid-Holocene. Our results reveal that the ITCZ shift caused a contraction and weakening of the northern Hadley cell and an expansion and intensification of the southern cell. These changes led to increased precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere and decreased precipitation in the Southern Hemisphere, altering regional aridity patterns.
Christopher L. Hancock, Michael P. Erb, Nicholas P. McKay, Sylvia G. Dee, and Ruza F. Ivanovic
Clim. Past, 20, 2663–2684, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2663-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2663-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstruct global hydroclimate anomalies for the past 21 000 years using a data assimilation methodology blending observations recorded in lake sediments with the climate dynamics simulated by climate models. The reconstruction resolves data–model disagreement in east Africa and North America, and we find that changing global temperatures and associated circulation patterns, as well as orbital forcing, are the dominant controls on global precipitation over this interval.
Darrell Kaufman and Valérie Masson-Delmotte
Clim. Past, 20, 2587–2594, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2587-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2587-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rather than reverting to a dedicated paleoclimate chapter, knowledge about pre-industrial climate should be further integrated with other lines of evidence throughout the next assessment reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Laura J. Larocca, James M. Lea, Michael P. Erb, Nicholas P. McKay, Megan Phillips, Kara A. Lamantia, and Darrell S. Kaufman
The Cryosphere, 18, 3591–3611, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3591-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3591-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present summer snowline altitude (SLA) time series for 269 Arctic glaciers. Between 1984 and 2022, SLAs rose ∼ 150 m, equating to a ∼ 127 m shift per 1 °C of summer warming. SLA is most strongly correlated with annual temperature variables, highlighting their dual effect on ablation and accumulation processes. We show that SLAs are rising fastest on low-elevation glaciers and that > 50 % of the studied glaciers could have SLAs that exceed the maximum ice elevation by 2100.
Alice Paine, Joost Frieling, Timothy Shanahan, Tamsin Mather, Nicholas McKay, Stuart Robinson, David Pyle, Isabel Fendley, Ruth Kiely, and William Gosling
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2123, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2123, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Few tropical Hg records extend beyond ~12 ka, meaning our current understanding of Hg behaviour may not fully account for the impact of long-term hydroclimate changes on the Hg cycle in these environments. Here, we present a ~96,000-year Hg record from Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana. A coupled response is observed between Hg flux and shifts in sediment composition reflective of changes in lake level, and suggesting that hydroclimate may be a key driver of tropical Hg cycling over millennial-timescales.
Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist, Bo Christiansen, Lea Schneider, and Peter Thejll
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-41, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-41, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for CP
Short summary
Short summary
We study the climatic signal, with focus on volcanic-induced shocks, in two long annual records of wine production quantity (spanning 1444–1786) from present-day Luxembourg, close to the northern limit of viticulture in Europe. Highly significant wine production declines are found during years following major volcanic events. Furthermore, warmer and drier climate conditions favoured wine production, with spring and summer conditions being the most important ones.
Yurui Zhang, Hans Renssen, Heikki Seppä, Zhen Li, and Xingrui Li
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-46, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-46, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for CP
Short summary
Short summary
The upper and lower atmosphere are interacted. The polar regions, with a high-speed and cyclonically rotating winds, provide a window that the upper air flow affects the mid-latitudes' weather which results in intra-seasonal climate variability. To explore their impacts on glacial-interglacial cycles, we analysed climate model results, and found that the stretched upper air flow increases glacial climate variability via more cold air outbreaks, highlighting their connections on multi-timescales.
Mette Kusk Gillespie, Liss Marie Andreassen, Matthias Huss, Simon de Villiers, Kamilla Hauknes Sjursen, Jostein Aasen, Jostein Bakke, Jan Magne Cederstrøm, Halgeir Elvehøy, Bjarne Kjøllmoen, Even Loe, Marte Meland, Kjetil Melvold, Sigurd Daniel Nerhus, Torgeir Opeland Røthe, Eivind Nagel Wilhelm Støren, Kåre Øst, and Jacob Clement Yde
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-167, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-167, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present an extensive new ice thickness dataset from Jostedalsbreen ice cap which will serve as baseline for future studies of regional climate-induced change. Results show that Jostedalsbreen currently (~2020) has a maximum ice thickness of ~630 m, a mean ice thickness of 154 m ± 22 m and an ice volume of 70.6 ± 10.2 km3. Ice of less than 50 m thickness covers two narrow regions of the ice cap, and Jostedalsbreen is likely to separate into three smaller ice caps in a warming climate.
Tzu Tung Chen, Rodney Edvinsson, Karin Modig, Hans W. Linderholm, and Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2023-92, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2023-92, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for CP
Short summary
Short summary
We study the climate effects on mortality, using annual mortality records and meteorological data, in Sweden between 1749 and 1859. It is found that colder winter and spring temperatures increased mortality, while no statistically significant associations were observed between summer or autumn temperatures and mortality, and only weak associations existed with precipitation. Further research is needed about which specific diseases caused the mortality increase following cold winters and springs.
Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist, Bo Christiansen, Jan Esper, Heli Huhtamaa, Lotta Leijonhufvud, Christian Pfister, Andrea Seim, Martin Karl Skoglund, and Peter Thejll
Clim. Past, 19, 2463–2491, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2463-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2463-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We study the climate signal in long harvest series from across Europe between the 16th and 18th centuries. The climate–harvest yield relationship is found to be relatively weak but regionally consistent and similar in strength and sign to modern climate–harvest yield relationships. The strongest climate–harvest yield patterns are a significant summer soil moisture signal in Sweden, a winter temperature and precipitation signal in Switzerland, and spring temperature signals in Spain.
Gifford H. Miller, Simon L. Pendleton, Alexandra Jahn, Yafang Zhong, John T. Andrews, Scott J. Lehman, Jason P. Briner, Jonathan H. Raberg, Helga Bueltmann, Martha Raynolds, Áslaug Geirsdóttir, and John R. Southon
Clim. Past, 19, 2341–2360, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2341-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2341-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Receding Arctic ice caps reveal moss killed by earlier ice expansions; 186 moss kill dates from 71 ice caps cluster at 250–450, 850–1000 and 1240–1500 CE and continued expanding 1500–1880 CE, as recorded by regions of sparse vegetation cover, when ice caps covered > 11 000 km2 but < 100 km2 at present. The 1880 CE state approached conditions expected during the start of an ice age; climate models suggest this was only reversed by anthropogenic alterations to the planetary energy balance.
Sabrina Hohmann, Michal Kucera, and Anne de Vernal
Clim. Past, 19, 2027–2051, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2027-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2027-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Drivers for dinocyst assemblage compositions differ regionally and through time. Shifts in the assemblages can sometimes only be interpreted robustly by locally and sometimes globally calibrated transfer functions, questioning the reliability of environmental reconstructions. We suggest the necessity of a thorough evaluation of transfer function performance and significance for downcore applications to disclose the drivers for present and fossil dinocyst assemblages in a studied core location.
Gabriel West, Darrell S. Kaufman, Martin Jakobsson, and Matt O'Regan
Geochronology, 5, 285–299, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-285-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-285-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We report aspartic and glutamic acid racemization analyses on Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi from the Arctic Ocean (AO). The rates of racemization in the species are compared. Calibrating the rate of racemization in C. wuellerstorfi for the past 400 ka allows the estimation of sample ages from the central AO. Estimated ages are older than existing age assignments (as previously observed for N. pachyderma), confirming that differences are not due to taxonomic effects.
Rachel M. Walter, Hussein R. Sayani, Thomas Felis, Kim M. Cobb, Nerilie J. Abram, Ariella K. Arzey, Alyssa R. Atwood, Logan D. Brenner, Émilie P. Dassié, Kristine L. DeLong, Bethany Ellis, Julien Emile-Geay, Matthew J. Fischer, Nathalie F. Goodkin, Jessica A. Hargreaves, K. Halimeda Kilbourne, Hedwig Krawczyk, Nicholas P. McKay, Andrea L. Moore, Sujata A. Murty, Maria Rosabelle Ong, Riovie D. Ramos, Emma V. Reed, Dhrubajyoti Samanta, Sara C. Sanchez, Jens Zinke, and the PAGES CoralHydro2k Project Members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2081–2116, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2081-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2081-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Accurately quantifying how the global hydrological cycle will change in the future remains challenging due to the limited availability of historical climate data from the tropics. Here we present the CoralHydro2k database – a new compilation of peer-reviewed coral-based climate records from the last 2000 years. This paper details the records included in the database and where the database can be accessed and demonstrates how the database can investigate past tropical climate variability.
Jan Petřík, Katarína Adameková, Sándor Kele, Rastislav Milovský, Libor Petr, Peter Tóth, and Nicholas McKay
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-118, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-118, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Our analysis of the Santovka sedimentary record in Slovakia uncovered two major climate shifts at 8.2 and 7.4 ka BP. These shifts likely impacted temperature and humidity, and/or air mass circulation, and were caused by the drying of the lake at 7.4 ka BP. The sedimentary infill provides important information on the region's past climate, and future research must focus on its impact on the last hunter gatherers and first farmers in the context of spreading agriculture in Europe.
Michael P. Erb, Nicholas P. McKay, Nathan Steiger, Sylvia Dee, Chris Hancock, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Lauren J. Gregoire, and Paul Valdes
Clim. Past, 18, 2599–2629, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2599-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2599-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To look at climate over the past 12 000 years, we reconstruct spatial temperature using natural climate archives and information from model simulations. Our results show mild global mean warmth around 6000 years ago, which differs somewhat from past reconstructions. Undiagnosed seasonal biases in the data could explain some of the observed temperature change, but this still would not explain the large difference between many reconstructions and climate models over this period.
Stephanie H. Arcusa, Nicholas P. McKay, Charlotte Wiman, Sela Patterson, Samuel E. Munoz, and Marco A. Aquino-López
Geochronology, 4, 409–433, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-409-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-409-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Annually banded lake sediment can track environmental change with high resolution in locations where alternatives are not available. Yet, information about chronology is often affected by poor appearance. Traditional methods struggle with these records. To overcome this obstacle we demonstrate a Bayesian approach that combines information from radiocarbon dating and laminations on cores from Columbine Lake, Colorado, expanding possibilities for producing high-resolution records globally.
Gregor Pfalz, Bernhard Diekmann, Johann-Christoph Freytag, Liudmila Syrykh, Dmitry A. Subetto, and Boris K. Biskaborn
Geochronology, 4, 269–295, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-269-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-269-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use age–depth modeling systems to understand the relationship between age and depth in lake sediment cores. However, depending on which modeling system we use, the model results may vary. We provide a tool to link different modeling systems in an interactive computational environment and make their results comparable. We demonstrate the power of our tool by highlighting three case studies in which we test our application for single-sediment cores and a collection of multiple sediment cores.
Darrell S. Kaufman and Nicholas P. McKay
Clim. Past, 18, 911–917, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-911-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-911-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Global mean surface temperatures are rising to levels unprecedented in over 100 000 years. This conclusion takes into account both recent global warming and likely future warming, which thereby enables a direct comparison with paleotemperature reconstructions on multi-century timescales.
Lauren J. Davies, Britta J. L. Jensen, and Darrell S. Kaufman
Geochronology, 4, 121–141, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-121-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-121-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Subarctic and Arctic lake sediments provide key data to understand natural climate variability and future climate change. However, they can be difficult to date accurately and of limited use without a robust chronology. We use volcanic ash deposits from the last ~4000 BP to identify anomalously old radiocarbon ages at Cascade Lake, Alaska. A provisional ~15 000-year Bayesian age model is produced for the lake, and a new location for ash from five Late Holocene eruptions is reported.
Vojtěch Abraham, Sheila Hicks, Helena Svobodová-Svitavská, Elissaveta Bozilova, Sampson Panajiotidis, Mariana Filipova-Marinova, Christin Eldegard Jensen, Spassimir Tonkov, Irena Agnieszka Pidek, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Marcelina Zimny, Eliso Kvavadze, Anna Filbrandt-Czaja, Martina Hättestrand, Nurgül Karlıoğlu Kılıç, Jana Kosenko, Maria Nosova, Elena Severova, Olga Volkova, Margrét Hallsdóttir, Laimdota Kalniņa, Agnieszka M. Noryśkiewicz, Bożena Noryśkiewicz, Heather Pardoe, Areti Christodoulou, Tiiu Koff, Sonia L. Fontana, Teija Alenius, Elisabeth Isaksson, Heikki Seppä, Siim Veski, Anna Pędziszewska, Martin Weiser, and Thomas Giesecke
Biogeosciences, 18, 4511–4534, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4511-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4511-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a continental dataset of pollen accumulation rates (PARs) collected by pollen traps. This absolute measure of pollen rain (grains cm−2 yr−1) has a positive relationship to current vegetation and latitude. Trap and fossil PARs have similar values within one region, so it opens up possibilities for using fossil PARs to reconstruct past changes in plant biomass and primary productivity. The dataset is available in the Neotoma Paleoecology Database.
Douglas P. Steen, Joseph S. Stoner, Jason P. Briner, and Darrell S. Kaufman
Geochronology Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2021-19, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2021-19, 2021
Publication in GChron not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
Paleomagnetic data from Cascade Lake (Brooks Range, Alaska) extend the radiometric-based age model of the sedimentary sequence extending back 21 kyr. Correlated ages based on prominent features in paleomagnetic secular variations (PSV) diverge from the radiometric ages in the upper 1.6 m, by up to about 2000 years at around 4 ka. Four late Holocene cryptotephra in this section support the PSV chronology and suggest the influence of hard water or aged organic material.
Cody C. Routson, Darrell S. Kaufman, Nicholas P. McKay, Michael P. Erb, Stéphanie H. Arcusa, Kendrick J. Brown, Matthew E. Kirby, Jeremiah P. Marsicek, R. Scott Anderson, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Jessica R. Rodysill, Matthew S. Lachniet, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Joseph R. Bennett, Michelle F. Goman, Sarah E. Metcalfe, Jennifer M. Galloway, Gerrit Schoups, David B. Wahl, Jesse L. Morris, Francisca Staines-Urías, Andria Dawson, Bryan N. Shuman, Daniel G. Gavin, Jeffrey S. Munroe, and Brian F. Cumming
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1613–1632, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1613-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1613-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a curated database of western North American Holocene paleoclimate records, which have been screened on length, resolution, and geochronology. The database gathers paleoclimate time series that reflect temperature, hydroclimate, or circulation features from terrestrial and marine sites, spanning a region from Mexico to Alaska. This publicly accessible collection will facilitate a broad range of paleoclimate inquiry.
Nicholas P. McKay, Julien Emile-Geay, and Deborah Khider
Geochronology, 3, 149–169, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-149-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-149-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes geoChronR, an R package that streamlines the process of quantifying age uncertainties, propagating uncertainties through several common analyses, and visualizing the results. In addition to describing the structure and underlying theory of the package, we present five real-world use cases that illustrate common workflows in geoChronR. geoChronR is built on the Linked PaleoData framework, is open and extensible, and we welcome feedback and contributions from the community.
Masa Kageyama, Louise C. Sime, Marie Sicard, Maria-Vittoria Guarino, Anne de Vernal, Ruediger Stein, David Schroeder, Irene Malmierca-Vallet, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Cecilia Bitz, Pascale Braconnot, Esther C. Brady, Jian Cao, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Danny Feltham, Chuncheng Guo, Allegra N. LeGrande, Gerrit Lohmann, Katrin J. Meissner, Laurie Menviel, Polina Morozova, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Ryouta O'ishi, Silvana Ramos Buarque, David Salas y Melia, Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Julienne Stroeve, Xiaoxu Shi, Bo Sun, Robert A. Tomas, Evgeny Volodin, Nicholas K. H. Yeung, Qiong Zhang, Zhongshi Zhang, Weipeng Zheng, and Tilo Ziehn
Clim. Past, 17, 37–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-37-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-37-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Last interglacial (ca. 127 000 years ago) is a period with increased summer insolation at high northern latitudes, resulting in a strong reduction in Arctic sea ice. The latest PMIP4-CMIP6 models all simulate this decrease, consistent with reconstructions. However, neither the models nor the reconstructions agree on the possibility of a seasonally ice-free Arctic. Work to clarify the reasons for this model divergence and the conflicting interpretations of the records will thus be needed.
Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Esther C. Brady, Anni Zhao, Chris M. Brierley, Yarrow Axford, Emilie Capron, Aline Govin, Jeremy S. Hoffman, Elizabeth Isaacs, Masa Kageyama, Paolo Scussolini, Polychronis C. Tzedakis, Charles J. R. Williams, Eric Wolff, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Pascale Braconnot, Silvana Ramos Buarque, Jian Cao, Anne de Vernal, Maria Vittoria Guarino, Chuncheng Guo, Allegra N. LeGrande, Gerrit Lohmann, Katrin J. Meissner, Laurie Menviel, Polina A. Morozova, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Ryouta O'ishi, David Salas y Mélia, Xiaoxu Shi, Marie Sicard, Louise Sime, Christian Stepanek, Robert Tomas, Evgeny Volodin, Nicholas K. H. Yeung, Qiong Zhang, Zhongshi Zhang, and Weipeng Zheng
Clim. Past, 17, 63–94, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-63-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-63-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The CMIP6–PMIP4 Tier 1 lig127k experiment was designed to address the climate responses to strong orbital forcing. We present a multi-model ensemble of 17 climate models, most of which have also completed the CMIP6 DECK experiments and are thus important for assessing future projections. The lig127ksimulations show strong summer warming over the NH continents. More than half of the models simulate a retreat of the Arctic minimum summer ice edge similar to the average for 2000–2018.
Chris S. M. Turney, Richard T. Jones, Nicholas P. McKay, Erik van Sebille, Zoë A. Thomas, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, and Christopher J. Fogwill
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3341–3356, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3341-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3341-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) experienced global temperatures and sea levels higher than today. The direct contribution of warmer conditions to global sea level (thermosteric) are uncertain. We report a global network of sea surface temperatures. We find mean global annual temperature anomalies of 0.2 ± 0.1˚C and an early maximum peak of 0.9 ± 0.1˚C. Our reconstruction suggests warmer waters contributed on average 0.08 ± 0.1 m and a peak contribution of 0.39 ± 0.1 m to global sea level.
Basil A. S. Davis, Manuel Chevalier, Philipp Sommer, Vachel A. Carter, Walter Finsinger, Achille Mauri, Leanne N. Phelps, Marco Zanon, Roman Abegglen, Christine M. Åkesson, Francisca Alba-Sánchez, R. Scott Anderson, Tatiana G. Antipina, Juliana R. Atanassova, Ruth Beer, Nina I. Belyanina, Tatiana A. Blyakharchuk, Olga K. Borisova, Elissaveta Bozilova, Galina Bukreeva, M. Jane Bunting, Eleonora Clò, Daniele Colombaroli, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Stéphanie Desprat, Federico Di Rita, Morteza Djamali, Kevin J. Edwards, Patricia L. Fall, Angelica Feurdean, William Fletcher, Assunta Florenzano, Giulia Furlanetto, Emna Gaceur, Arsenii T. Galimov, Mariusz Gałka, Iria García-Moreiras, Thomas Giesecke, Roxana Grindean, Maria A. Guido, Irina G. Gvozdeva, Ulrike Herzschuh, Kari L. Hjelle, Sergey Ivanov, Susanne Jahns, Vlasta Jankovska, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Ikuko Kitaba, Piotr Kołaczek, Elena G. Lapteva, Małgorzata Latałowa, Vincent Lebreton, Suzanne Leroy, Michelle Leydet, Darya A. Lopatina, José Antonio López-Sáez, André F. Lotter, Donatella Magri, Elena Marinova, Isabelle Matthias, Anastasia Mavridou, Anna Maria Mercuri, Jose Manuel Mesa-Fernández, Yuri A. Mikishin, Krystyna Milecka, Carlo Montanari, César Morales-Molino, Almut Mrotzek, Castor Muñoz Sobrino, Olga D. Naidina, Takeshi Nakagawa, Anne Birgitte Nielsen, Elena Y. Novenko, Sampson Panajiotidis, Nata K. Panova, Maria Papadopoulou, Heather S. Pardoe, Anna Pędziszewska, Tatiana I. Petrenko, María J. Ramos-Román, Cesare Ravazzi, Manfred Rösch, Natalia Ryabogina, Silvia Sabariego Ruiz, J. Sakari Salonen, Tatyana V. Sapelko, James E. Schofield, Heikki Seppä, Lyudmila Shumilovskikh, Normunds Stivrins, Philipp Stojakowits, Helena Svobodova Svitavska, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Ioan Tantau, Willy Tinner, Kazimierz Tobolski, Spassimir Tonkov, Margarita Tsakiridou, Verushka Valsecchi, Oksana G. Zanina, and Marcelina Zimny
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2423–2445, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2423-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2423-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) contains pollen counts and associated metadata for 8134 modern pollen samples from across the Eurasian region. The EMPD is part of, and complementary to, the European Pollen Database (EPD) which contains data on fossil pollen found in Late Quaternary sedimentary archives. The purpose of the EMPD is to provide calibration datasets and other data to support palaeoecological research on past climates and vegetation cover over the Quaternary period.
Chris M. Brierley, Anni Zhao, Sandy P. Harrison, Pascale Braconnot, Charles J. R. Williams, David J. R. Thornalley, Xiaoxu Shi, Jean-Yves Peterschmitt, Rumi Ohgaito, Darrell S. Kaufman, Masa Kageyama, Julia C. Hargreaves, Michael P. Erb, Julien Emile-Geay, Roberta D'Agostino, Deepak Chandan, Matthieu Carré, Partrick J. Bartlein, Weipeng Zheng, Zhongshi Zhang, Qiong Zhang, Hu Yang, Evgeny M. Volodin, Robert A. Tomas, Cody Routson, W. Richard Peltier, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Polina A. Morozova, Nicholas P. McKay, Gerrit Lohmann, Allegra N. Legrande, Chuncheng Guo, Jian Cao, Esther Brady, James D. Annan, and Ayako Abe-Ouchi
Clim. Past, 16, 1847–1872, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1847-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1847-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an initial exploration and comparison to climate reconstructions of the new climate model simulations of the mid-Holocene (6000 years ago). These use state-of-the-art models developed for CMIP6 and apply the same experimental set-up. The models capture several key aspects of the climate, but some persistent issues remain.
Bronwen L. Konecky, Nicholas P. McKay, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Laia Comas-Bru, Emilie P. Dassié, Kristine L. DeLong, Georgina M. Falster, Matt J. Fischer, Matthew D. Jones, Lukas Jonkers, Darrell S. Kaufman, Guillaume Leduc, Shreyas R. Managave, Belen Martrat, Thomas Opel, Anais J. Orsi, Judson W. Partin, Hussein R. Sayani, Elizabeth K. Thomas, Diane M. Thompson, Jonathan J. Tyler, Nerilie J. Abram, Alyssa R. Atwood, Olivier Cartapanis, Jessica L. Conroy, Mark A. Curran, Sylvia G. Dee, Michael Deininger, Dmitry V. Divine, Zoltán Kern, Trevor J. Porter, Samantha L. Stevenson, Lucien von Gunten, and Iso2k Project Members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2261–2288, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020, 2020
Lukas Jonkers, Olivier Cartapanis, Michael Langner, Nick McKay, Stefan Mulitza, Anne Strack, and Michal Kucera
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1053–1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1053-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1053-2020, 2020
Paul D. Zander, Sönke Szidat, Darrell S. Kaufman, Maurycy Żarczyński, Anna I. Poraj-Górska, Petra Boltshauser-Kaltenrieder, and Martin Grosjean
Geochronology, 2, 63–79, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-63-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-63-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Recent technological advances allow researchers to obtain radiocarbon ages from smaller samples than previously possible. We investigate the reliability and precision of radiocarbon ages obtained from miniature (11–150 μg C) samples of terrestrial plant fragments taken from sediment cores from Lake Żabińskie, Poland. We further investigate how sampling density (the number of ages per 1000 years) and sample mass (which is related to age precision) influence the performance of age–depth models.
Aurélie Marcelle Renée Aubry, Stijn De Schepper, and Anne de Vernal
J. Micropalaeontol., 39, 41–60, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-41-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-41-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We used organic-walled microfossils to better define the Plio–Pleistocene transition (2.56 Ma) that is associated with the intensification of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation. The disappearance of species around 2.75 Ma reflects an ecological response accompanying the Greenland ice sheet growth.
A strong regionalism marks the Labrador Sea and suggests cooler conditions than elsewhere in the North Atlantic, although our zone boundaries are contemporaneous with the eastern North Atlantic.
Ellie Broadman, Lorna L. Thurston, Erik Schiefer, Nicholas P. McKay, David Fortin, Jason Geck, Michael G. Loso, Matt Nolan, Stéphanie H. Arcusa, Christopher W. Benson, Rebecca A. Ellerbroek, Michael P. Erb, Cody C. Routson, Charlotte Wiman, A. Jade Wong, and Darrell S. Kaufman
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1957–1970, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1957-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1957-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Rapid climate warming is impacting physical processes in Arctic environments. Glacier–fed lakes are influenced by many of these processes, and they are impacted by the changing behavior of weather, glaciers, and rivers. We present data from weather stations, river gauging stations, lake moorings, and more, following 4 years of environmental monitoring in the watershed of Lake Peters, a glacier–fed lake in Arctic Alaska. These data can help us study the changing dynamics of this remote setting.
Gabriel West, Darrell S. Kaufman, Francesco Muschitiello, Matthias Forwick, Jens Matthiessen, Jutta Wollenburg, and Matt O'Regan
Geochronology, 1, 53–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-53-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-53-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We report amino acid racemization analyses of foraminifera from well-dated sediment cores from the Yermak Plateau, Arctic Ocean. Sample ages are compared with model predictions, revealing that the rates of racemization generally conform to a global compilation of racemization rates at deep-sea sites. These results highlight the need for further studies to test and explain the origin of the purportedly high rate of racemization indicated by previous analyses of central Arctic sediments.
Raymond S. Bradley and Jostein Bakke
Clim. Past, 15, 1665–1676, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1665-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1665-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We review paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic records from the northern North Atlantic to assess the nature of climatic conditions at 4.2 ka BP. There was a general decline in temperatures after ~ 5 ka BP, which led to the onset of neoglaciation. Although a few records do show a distinct anomaly around 4.2 ka BP (associated with a glacial advance), this is not widespread and we interpret it as a local manifestation of the overall climatic deterioration that characterized the late Holocene.
Chris S. M. Turney, Helen V. McGregor, Pierre Francus, Nerilie Abram, Michael N. Evans, Hugues Goosse, Lucien von Gunten, Darrell Kaufman, Hans Linderholm, Marie-France Loutre, and Raphael Neukom
Clim. Past, 15, 611–615, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-611-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-611-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This PAGES (Past Global Changes) 2k (climate of the past 2000 years working group) special issue of Climate of the Past brings together the latest understanding of regional change and impacts from PAGES 2k groups across a range of proxies and regions. The special issue has emerged from a need to determine the magnitude and rate of change of regional and global climate beyond the timescales accessible within the observational record.
Liisa Ilvonen, José Antonio López-Sáez, Lasse Holmström, Francisca Alba-Sánchez, Sebastián Pérez-Díaz, José S. Carrión, and Heikki Seppä
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-33, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-33, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In the Iberian Peninsula, precipitation is a key driver of vegetation changes. Here, we use a pollen-climate calibration set and fossil pollen data from seven sites in Spain to reconstruct annual precipitation values for the last 15 000 years using two different quantitative methods. The results suggest that the precipitation changes have occurred in pace with the temperature changes in northern Europe, with warm periods in the North corresponding with humid periods in the Iberian Peninsula.
Benedict T. I. Reinardy, Adam D. Booth, Anna L. C. Hughes, Clare M. Boston, Henning Åkesson, Jostein Bakke, Atle Nesje, Rianne H. Giesen, and Danni M. Pearce
The Cryosphere, 13, 827–843, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-827-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-827-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Cold-ice processes may be widespread within temperate glacier systems but the role of cold-ice processes in temperate glacier systems is relatively unknown. Climate forcing is the main control on glacier mass balance but potential for heterogeneous thermal conditions at temperate glaciers calls for improved model assessments of future evolution of thermal conditions and impacts on glacier dynamics and mass balance. Cold-ice processes need to be included in temperate glacier land system models.
Michael Boy, Erik S. Thomson, Juan-C. Acosta Navarro, Olafur Arnalds, Ekaterina Batchvarova, Jaana Bäck, Frank Berninger, Merete Bilde, Zoé Brasseur, Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Dimitri Castarède, Maryam Dalirian, Gerrit de Leeuw, Monika Dragosics, Ella-Maria Duplissy, Jonathan Duplissy, Annica M. L. Ekman, Keyan Fang, Jean-Charles Gallet, Marianne Glasius, Sven-Erik Gryning, Henrik Grythe, Hans-Christen Hansson, Margareta Hansson, Elisabeth Isaksson, Trond Iversen, Ingibjorg Jonsdottir, Ville Kasurinen, Alf Kirkevåg, Atte Korhola, Radovan Krejci, Jon Egill Kristjansson, Hanna K. Lappalainen, Antti Lauri, Matti Leppäranta, Heikki Lihavainen, Risto Makkonen, Andreas Massling, Outi Meinander, E. Douglas Nilsson, Haraldur Olafsson, Jan B. C. Pettersson, Nønne L. Prisle, Ilona Riipinen, Pontus Roldin, Meri Ruppel, Matthew Salter, Maria Sand, Øyvind Seland, Heikki Seppä, Henrik Skov, Joana Soares, Andreas Stohl, Johan Ström, Jonas Svensson, Erik Swietlicki, Ksenia Tabakova, Throstur Thorsteinsson, Aki Virkkula, Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer, Yusheng Wu, Paul Zieger, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2015–2061, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2015-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2015-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Nordic Centre of Excellence CRAICC (Cryosphere–Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate), funded by NordForsk in the years 2011–2016, is the largest joint Nordic research and innovation initiative to date and aimed to strengthen research and innovation regarding climate change issues in the Nordic region. The paper presents an overview of the main scientific topics investigated and provides a state-of-the-art comprehensive summary of what has been achieved in CRAICC.
Áslaug Geirsdóttir, Gifford H. Miller, John T. Andrews, David J. Harning, Leif S. Anderson, Christopher Florian, Darren J. Larsen, and Thor Thordarson
Clim. Past, 15, 25–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-25-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-25-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Compositing climate proxies in sediment from seven Iceland lakes documents abrupt summer cooling between 4.5 and 4.0 ka, statistically indistinguishable from 4.2 ka. Although the decline in summer insolation was an important factor, a combination of superposed changes in ocean circulation and explosive Icelandic volcanism were likely responsible for the abrupt perturbation recorded by our proxies. Lake and catchment proxies recovered to a colder equilibrium state following the perturbation.
Richard H. Levy, Gavin B. Dunbar, Marcus J. Vandergoes, Jamie D. Howarth, Tony Kingan, Alex R. Pyne, Grant Brotherston, Michael Clarke, Bob Dagg, Matthew Hill, Evan Kenton, Steve Little, Darcy Mandeno, Chris Moy, Philip Muldoon, Patrick Doyle, Conrad Raines, Peter Rutland, Delia Strong, Marianna Terezow, Leise Cochrane, Remo Cossu, Sean Fitzsimons, Fabio Florindo, Alexander L. Forrest, Andrew R. Gorman, Darrell S. Kaufman, Min Kyung Lee, Xun Li, Pontus Lurcock, Nicholas McKay, Faye Nelson, Jennifer Purdie, Heidi A. Roop, S. Geoffrey Schladow, Abha Sood, Phaedra Upton, Sharon L. Walker, and Gary S. Wilson
Sci. Dril., 24, 41–50, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-24-41-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-24-41-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A new annually resolvable sedimentary record of southern hemisphere climate has been recovered from Lake Ohau, South Island, New Zealand. The Lake Ohau Climate History (LOCH) Project acquired cores from two sites that preserve an 80 m thick sequence of laminated mud that accumulated since the lake formed ~ 17 000 years ago. Cores were recovered using a purpose-built barge and drilling system designed to recover soft sediment from relatively thick sedimentary sequences at water depths up to 100 m.
Bryan N. Shuman, Cody Routson, Nicholas McKay, Sherilyn Fritz, Darrell Kaufman, Matthew E. Kirby, Connor Nolan, Gregory T. Pederson, and Jeannine-Marie St-Jacques
Clim. Past, 14, 665–686, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-665-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-665-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A synthesis of 93 published records reveals that moisture availability increased over large portions of North America over the past 2000 years, the Common Era (CE). In many records, the second millennium CE tended to be wetter than the first millennium CE. The long-term changes formed the background for annual to multi-decade variations, such as "mega-droughts", and also provide a context for amplified rates of hydrologic change today.
Darrell S. Kaufman and PAGES 2k special-issue editorial team
Clim. Past, 14, 593–600, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-593-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-593-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We explain the procedure used to attain a high and consistent level of data stewardship across a special issue of the journal Climate of the Past. We discuss the challenges related to (1) determining which data are essential for public archival, (2) using data generated by others, and (3) understanding data citations. We anticipate that open-data sharing in paleo sciences will accelerate as the advantages become more evident and as practices that reduce data loss become the accepted convention.
Johannes P. Werner, Dmitry V. Divine, Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist, Tine Nilsen, and Pierre Francus
Clim. Past, 14, 527–557, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-527-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-527-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new gridded Arctic summer temperature reconstruction back to the first millennium CE. Our method respects the age uncertainties of the data, which results in a more precise reconstruction.
The spatial average shows a millennium-scale cooling trend which is reversed in the mid-19th century. While temperatures in the 10th century were probably as warm as in the 20th century, the spatial coherence of the recent warm episodes seems unprecedented.
The spatial average shows a millennium-scale cooling trend which is reversed in the mid-19th century. While temperatures in the 10th century were probably as warm as in the 20th century, the spatial coherence of the recent warm episodes seems unprecedented.
Marie Nicolle, Maxime Debret, Nicolas Massei, Christophe Colin, Anne deVernal, Dmitry Divine, Johannes P. Werner, Anne Hormes, Atte Korhola, and Hans W. Linderholm
Clim. Past, 14, 101–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-101-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-101-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic climate variability for the last 2 millennia has been investigated using statistical and signal analyses from North Atlantic, Siberia and Alaska regionally averaged records. A focus on the last 2 centuries shows a climate variability linked to anthropogenic forcing but also a multidecadal variability likely due to regional natural processes acting on the internal climate system. It is an important issue to understand multidecadal variabilities occurring in the instrumental data.
Hanna K. Lappalainen, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä, Theo Kurten, Aleksander Baklanov, Anatoly Shvidenko, Jaana Bäck, Timo Vihma, Pavel Alekseychik, Meinrat O. Andreae, Stephen R. Arnold, Mikhail Arshinov, Eija Asmi, Boris Belan, Leonid Bobylev, Sergey Chalov, Yafang Cheng, Natalia Chubarova, Gerrit de Leeuw, Aijun Ding, Sergey Dobrolyubov, Sergei Dubtsov, Egor Dyukarev, Nikolai Elansky, Kostas Eleftheriadis, Igor Esau, Nikolay Filatov, Mikhail Flint, Congbin Fu, Olga Glezer, Aleksander Gliko, Martin Heimann, Albert A. M. Holtslag, Urmas Hõrrak, Juha Janhunen, Sirkku Juhola, Leena Järvi, Heikki Järvinen, Anna Kanukhina, Pavel Konstantinov, Vladimir Kotlyakov, Antti-Jussi Kieloaho, Alexander S. Komarov, Joni Kujansuu, Ilmo Kukkonen, Ella-Maria Duplissy, Ari Laaksonen, Tuomas Laurila, Heikki Lihavainen, Alexander Lisitzin, Alexsander Mahura, Alexander Makshtas, Evgeny Mareev, Stephany Mazon, Dmitry Matishov, Vladimir Melnikov, Eugene Mikhailov, Dmitri Moisseev, Robert Nigmatulin, Steffen M. Noe, Anne Ojala, Mari Pihlatie, Olga Popovicheva, Jukka Pumpanen, Tatjana Regerand, Irina Repina, Aleksei Shcherbinin, Vladimir Shevchenko, Mikko Sipilä, Andrey Skorokhod, Dominick V. Spracklen, Hang Su, Dmitry A. Subetto, Junying Sun, Arkady Y. Terzhevik, Yuri Timofeyev, Yuliya Troitskaya, Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen, Viacheslav I. Kharuk, Nina Zaytseva, Jiahua Zhang, Yrjö Viisanen, Timo Vesala, Pertti Hari, Hans Christen Hansson, Gennady G. Matvienko, Nikolai S. Kasimov, Huadong Guo, Valery Bondur, Sergej Zilitinkevich, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14421–14461, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14421-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14421-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
After kick off in 2012, the Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) program has expanded fast and today the multi-disciplinary research community covers ca. 80 institutes and a network of ca. 500 scientists from Europe, Russia, and China. Here we introduce scientific topics relevant in this context. This is one of the first multi-disciplinary overviews crossing scientific boundaries, from atmospheric sciences to socio-economics and social sciences.
Frazer Matthews-Bird, Stephen J. Brooks, Philip B. Holden, Encarni Montoya, and William D. Gosling
Clim. Past, 12, 1263–1280, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1263-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1263-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Chironomidae are a family of two-winged aquatic fly of the order Diptera. The family is species rich (> 5000 described species) and extremely sensitive to environmental change, particualy temperature. Across the Northern Hemisphere, chironomids have been widely used as paleotemperature proxies as the chitinous remains of the insect are readily preserved in lake sediments. This is the first study using chironomids as paleotemperature proxies in tropical South America.
Yurui Zhang, Hans Renssen, and Heikki Seppä
Clim. Past, 12, 1119–1135, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1119-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1119-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We explore how forcings contributed to climate change during the early Holocene that marked the final transition to the warm and stable stage. Our results indicate that 1) temperature at the Holocene onset was lower than in the preindustrial over the northern extratropics with the exception in Alaska, and the magnitude of this cooling varies regionally as a response to varying climate forcings and diverse mechanisms, and 2) the rate of the early Holocene warming was also spatially heterogeneous.
Nicholas P. McKay and Julien Emile-Geay
Clim. Past, 12, 1093–1100, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1093-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1093-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The lack of accepted data formats and data standards in paleoclimatology is a growing problem that slows progress in the field. Here, we propose a preliminary data standard for paleoclimate data, general enough to accommodate all the proxy and measurement types encountered in a large international collaboration (PAGES 2k). We also introduce a data format for such structured data (Linked Paleo Data, or LiPD), leveraging recent advances in knowledge representation (Linked Open Data).
B. A. A. Hoogakker, R. S. Smith, J. S. Singarayer, R. Marchant, I. C. Prentice, J. R. M. Allen, R. S. Anderson, S. A. Bhagwat, H. Behling, O. Borisova, M. Bush, A. Correa-Metrio, A. de Vernal, J. M. Finch, B. Fréchette, S. Lozano-Garcia, W. D. Gosling, W. Granoszewski, E. C. Grimm, E. Grüger, J. Hanselman, S. P. Harrison, T. R. Hill, B. Huntley, G. Jiménez-Moreno, P. Kershaw, M.-P. Ledru, D. Magri, M. McKenzie, U. Müller, T. Nakagawa, E. Novenko, D. Penny, L. Sadori, L. Scott, J. Stevenson, P. J. Valdes, M. Vandergoes, A. Velichko, C. Whitlock, and C. Tzedakis
Clim. Past, 12, 51–73, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-51-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-51-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we use two climate models to test how Earth’s vegetation responded to changes in climate over the last 120 000 years, looking at warm interglacial climates like today, cold ice-age glacial climates, and intermediate climates. The models agree well with observations from pollen, showing smaller forested areas and larger desert areas during cold periods. Forests store most terrestrial carbon; the terrestrial carbon lost during cold climates was most likely relocated to the oceans.
N. L. Balascio, W. J. D'Andrea, and R. S. Bradley
Clim. Past, 11, 1587–1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1587-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1587-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment cores were collected from a lake that captures runoff from two glaciers in Greenland. Our analysis of the sediments shows that these glaciers were active over the last 9,000 years and advanced and retreated in response to regional climate changes. The data also provide a long-term perspective on the rate of 20th century glacier retreat and indicate that recent anthropogenic-driven warming has already impacted the regional cryosphere in a manner outside the range of natural variability.
I. Hessler, S. P. Harrison, M. Kucera, C. Waelbroeck, M.-T. Chen, C. Anderson, A. de Vernal, B. Fréchette, A. Cloke-Hayes, G. Leduc, and L. Londeix
Clim. Past, 10, 2237–2252, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2237-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2237-2014, 2014
N. Korhonen, A. Venäläinen, H. Seppä, and H. Järvinen
Clim. Past, 10, 1489–1500, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1489-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1489-2014, 2014
F. Klein, H. Goosse, A. Mairesse, and A. de Vernal
Clim. Past, 10, 1145–1163, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1145-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1145-2014, 2014
G. Strandberg, E. Kjellström, A. Poska, S. Wagner, M.-J. Gaillard, A.-K. Trondman, A. Mauri, B. A. S. Davis, J. O. Kaplan, H. J. B. Birks, A. E. Bjune, R. Fyfe, T. Giesecke, L. Kalnina, M. Kangur, W. O. van der Knaap, U. Kokfelt, P. Kuneš, M. Lata\l owa, L. Marquer, F. Mazier, A. B. Nielsen, B. Smith, H. Seppä, and S. Sugita
Clim. Past, 10, 661–680, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-661-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-661-2014, 2014
J. T. Andrews and A. E. Jennings
Clim. Past, 10, 325–343, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-325-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-325-2014, 2014
Y. Wang, U. Herzschuh, L. S. Shumilovskikh, S. Mischke, H. J. B. Birks, J. Wischnewski, J. Böhner, F. Schlütz, F. Lehmkuhl, B. Diekmann, B. Wünnemann, and C. Zhang
Clim. Past, 10, 21–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-21-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-21-2014, 2014
C. V. Dylmer, J. Giraudeau, F. Eynaud, K. Husum, and A. De Vernal
Clim. Past, 9, 1505–1518, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1505-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1505-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Proxy Use-Development-Validation | Archive: Terrestrial Archives | Timescale: Holocene
A continental reconstruction of hydroclimatic variability in South America during the past 2000 years
A Holocene history of climate, fire, landscape evolution, and human activity in northeastern Iceland
A global compilation of diatom silica oxygen isotope records from lake sediment – trends and implications for climate reconstruction
BrGDGT-based seasonal paleotemperature reconstruction for the last 15 000 years from a shallow lake on the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Reconstructing 15 000 years of southern France temperatures from coupled pollen and molecular (branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether) markers (Canroute, Massif Central)
Pollen-based reconstructions of Holocene climate trends in the eastern Mediterranean region
Spatiotemporal Intertropical Convergence Zone dynamics during the last 3 millennia in northeastern Brazil and related impacts in modern human history
Holocene climates of the Iberian Peninsula: pollen-based reconstructions of changes in the west–east gradient of temperature and moisture
Holocene climate and oceanography of the coastal Western United States and California Current System
Reconstructing Holocene temperatures in time and space using paleoclimate data assimilation
Long-term trends in diatom diversity and palaeoproductivity: a 16 000-year multidecadal record from Lake Baikal, southern Siberia
A 406-year non-growing-season precipitation reconstruction in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Climatic variations during the Holocene inferred from radiocarbon and stable carbon isotopes in speleothems from a high-alpine cave
Winter–spring warming in the North Atlantic during the last 2000 years: evidence from southwest Iceland
Climate reconstructions based on GDGT and pollen surface datasets from Mongolia and Baikal area: calibrations and applicability to extremely cold–dry environments over the Late Holocene
Sampling density and date along with species selection influence spatial representation of tree-ring reconstructions
Changes in high-intensity precipitation on the northern Apennines (Italy) as revealed by multidisciplinary data over the last 9000 years
Neoglacial trends in diatom dynamics from a small alpine lake in the Qinling mountains of central China
Centennial- to millennial-scale monsoon changes since the last deglaciation linked to solar activities and North Atlantic cooling
Algal lipids reveal unprecedented warming rates in alpine areas of SW Europe during the industrial period
Reconstructing seasonality through stable-isotope and trace-element analyses of the Proserpine stalagmite, Han-sur-Lesse cave, Belgium: indications for climate-driven changes during the last 400 years
Two millennia of Main region (southern Germany) hydroclimate variability
Combining a pollen and macrofossil synthesis with climate simulations for spatial reconstructions of European climate using Bayesian filtering
Lignin oxidation products as a potential proxy for vegetation and environmental changes in speleothems and cave drip water – a first record from the Herbstlabyrinth, central Germany
How dry was the Younger Dryas? Evidence from a coupled δ2H–δ18O biomarker paleohygrometer applied to the Gemündener Maar sediments, Western Eifel, Germany
Siberian tree-ring and stable isotope proxies as indicators of temperature and moisture changes after major stratospheric volcanic eruptions
The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean region: an overview
Technical note: Optimizing the utility of combined GPR, OSL, and Lidar (GOaL) to extract paleoenvironmental records and decipher shoreline evolution
The onset of neoglaciation in Iceland and the 4.2 ka event
Hydroclimatic variations in southeastern China during the 4.2 ka event reflected by stalagmite records
Fire, vegetation, and Holocene climate in a southeastern Tibetan lake: a multi-biomarker reconstruction from Paru Co
Climate impact on the development of Pre-Classic Maya civilisation
Synchronizing 10Be in two varved lake sediment records to IntCal13 14C during three grand solar minima
Technical note: Open-paleo-data implementation pilot – the PAGES 2k special issue
A chironomid-based record of temperature variability during the past 4000 years in northern China and its possible societal implications
Insights into Atlantic multidecadal variability using the Last Millennium Reanalysis framework
Three distinct Holocene intervals of stalagmite deposition and nondeposition revealed in NW Madagascar, and their paleoclimate implications
Examining bias in pollen-based quantitative climate reconstructions induced by human impact on vegetation in China
A dual-biomarker approach for quantification of changes in relative humidity from sedimentary lipid D∕H ratios
Pseudo-proxy tests of the analogue method to reconstruct spatially resolved global temperature during the Common Era
Development and evaluation of a system of proxy data assimilation for paleoclimate reconstruction
A chironomid-based mean July temperature inference model from the south-east margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China
Assessing performance and seasonal bias of pollen-based climate reconstructions in a perfect model world
Quantitative reconstruction of summer precipitation using a mid-Holocene δ13C common millet record from Guanzhong Basin, northern China
North Atlantic Oscillation controls on oxygen and hydrogen isotope gradients in winter precipitation across Europe; implications for palaeoclimate studies
A 368-year maximum temperature reconstruction based on tree-ring data in the northwestern Sichuan Plateau (NWSP), China
Inferring late-Holocene climate in the Ecuadorian Andes using a chironomid-based temperature inference model
A high-altitude peatland record of environmental changes in the NW Argentine Andes (24 ° S) over the last 2100 years
Technical note: The Linked Paleo Data framework – a common tongue for paleoclimatology
A Bayesian hierarchical model for reconstructing relative sea level: from raw data to rates of change
Mathurin A. Choblet, Janica C. Bühler, Valdir F. Novello, Nathan J. Steiger, and Kira Rehfeld
Clim. Past, 20, 2117–2141, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Past climate reconstructions are essential for understanding climate mechanisms and drivers. Our focus is on the South American continent over the past 2000 years. We offer a new reconstruction that particularly utilizes data from speleothems, previously absent from continent-wide reconstructions. We use paleoclimate data assimilation, a reconstruction method that combines information from climate archives and climate simulations.
Nicolò Ardenghi, David J. Harning, Jonathan H. Raberg, Brooke R. Holman, Thorvaldur Thordarson, Áslaug Geirsdóttir, Gifford H. Miller, and Julio Sepúlveda
Clim. Past, 20, 1087–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1087-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1087-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Analysing a sediment record from Stóra Viðarvatn (NE Iceland), we reveal how natural factors and human activities influenced environmental changes (erosion, wildfires) over the last 11 000 years. We found increased fire activity around 3000 and 1500 years ago, predating human settlement, likely driven by natural factors like precipitation shifts. Declining summer temperatures increased erosion vulnerability, exacerbated by farming and animal husbandry, which in turn may have reduced wildfires.
Philip Meister, Anne Alexandre, Hannah Bailey, Philip Barker, Boris K. Biskaborn, Ellie Broadman, Rosine Cartier, Bernhard Chapligin, Martine Couapel, Jonathan R. Dean, Bernhard Diekmann, Poppy Harding, Andrew C. G. Henderson, Armand Hernandez, Ulrike Herzschuh, Svetlana S. Kostrova, Jack Lacey, Melanie J. Leng, Andreas Lücke, Anson W. Mackay, Eniko Katalin Magyari, Biljana Narancic, Cécile Porchier, Gunhild Rosqvist, Aldo Shemesh, Corinne Sonzogni, George E. A. Swann, Florence Sylvestre, and Hanno Meyer
Clim. Past, 20, 363–392, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-363-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-363-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the first comprehensive compilation of diatom oxygen isotope records in lake sediments (δ18OBSi), supported by lake basin parameters. We infer the spatial and temporal coverage of δ18OBSi records and discuss common hemispheric trends on centennial and millennial timescales. Key results are common patterns for hydrologically open lakes in Northern Hemisphere extratropical regions during the Holocene corresponding to known climatic epochs, i.e. the Holocene Thermal Maximum.
Xiaohuan Hou, Nannan Wang, Zhe Sun, Kan Yuan, Xianyong Cao, and Juzhi Hou
Clim. Past, 20, 335–348, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-335-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-335-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present an ice-free season temperature based on brGDGTs over last 15 kyr on the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP). The result shows that Holocene Thermal Maximum occurred during 8–3.5 ka, which lags behind pollen-based temperature recorded in same core, indicating a significant seasonal bias between different proxies. We also investigated previously published brGDGT-based temperatures on the TP to determine the pattern of Holocene temperature changes and possible reasons for the diverse records.
Léa d'Oliveira, Lucas Dugerdil, Guillemette Ménot, Allowen Evin, Serge D. Muller, Salomé Ansanay-Alex, Julien Azuara, Colline Bonnet, Laurent Bremond, Mehmet Shah, and Odile Peyron
Clim. Past, 19, 2127–2156, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2127-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2127-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In southern Europe, Holocene climate variability is characterized by a strong heterogeneity whose patterns are still poorly understood. Here, a multi-proxy approach (pollen and biomarkers) is applied to the Canroute sequence to reconstruct the climatic variation over the last 15 000 years in southern Massif Central, France. Results reveal that reconstructions of regional climate trends notably differ depending on proxies and sites, notably concerning the presence of a Holocene thermal maximum.
Esmeralda Cruz-Silva, Sandy P. Harrison, I. Colin Prentice, Elena Marinova, Patrick J. Bartlein, Hans Renssen, and Yurui Zhang
Clim. Past, 19, 2093–2108, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2093-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2093-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examined 71 pollen records (12.3 ka to present) in the eastern Mediterranean, reconstructing climate changes. Over 9000 years, winters gradually warmed due to orbital factors. Summer temperatures peaked at 4.5–5 ka, likely declining because of ice sheets. Moisture increased post-11 kyr, remaining high from 10–6 kyr before a slow decrease. Climate models face challenges in replicating moisture transport.
Giselle Utida, Francisco W. Cruz, Mathias Vuille, Angela Ampuero, Valdir F. Novello, Jelena Maksic, Gilvan Sampaio, Hai Cheng, Haiwei Zhang, Fabio Ramos Dias de Andrade, and R. Lawrence Edwards
Clim. Past, 19, 1975–1992, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1975-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1975-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstruct the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) behavior during the past 3000 years over northeastern Brazil based on oxygen stable isotopes of stalagmites. Paleoclimate changes were mainly forced by the tropical South Atlantic and tropical Pacific sea surface temperature variability. We describe an ITCZ zonal behavior active around 1100 CE and the period from 1500 to 1750 CE. The dataset also records historical droughts that affected modern human population in this area of Brazil.
Mengmeng Liu, Yicheng Shen, Penelope González-Sampériz, Graciela Gil-Romera, Cajo J. F. ter Braak, Iain Colin Prentice, and Sandy P. Harrison
Clim. Past, 19, 803–834, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the Holocene climates in the Iberian Peninsula using a large pollen data set and found that the west–east moisture gradient was much flatter than today. We also found that the winter was much colder, which can be expected from the low winter insolation during the Holocene. However, summer temperature did not follow the trend of summer insolation, instead, it was strongly correlated with moisture.
Hannah M. Palmer, Veronica Padilla Vriesman, Caitlin M. Livsey, Carina R. Fish, and Tessa M. Hill
Clim. Past, 19, 199–232, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-199-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-199-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand and contextualize modern climate change, this systematic review synthesizes climate and oceanographic patterns in the Western United States and California Current System through the most recent 11.75 kyr. Through a literature review and coded analysis of past studies, we identify distinct environmental phases through time and linkages between marine and terrestrial systems. We explore climate change impacts on ecosystems and human–environment interactions.
Michael P. Erb, Nicholas P. McKay, Nathan Steiger, Sylvia Dee, Chris Hancock, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Lauren J. Gregoire, and Paul Valdes
Clim. Past, 18, 2599–2629, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2599-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2599-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To look at climate over the past 12 000 years, we reconstruct spatial temperature using natural climate archives and information from model simulations. Our results show mild global mean warmth around 6000 years ago, which differs somewhat from past reconstructions. Undiagnosed seasonal biases in the data could explain some of the observed temperature change, but this still would not explain the large difference between many reconstructions and climate models over this period.
Anson W. Mackay, Vivian A. Felde, David W. Morley, Natalia Piotrowska, Patrick Rioual, Alistair W. R. Seddon, and George E. A. Swann
Clim. Past, 18, 363–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-363-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-363-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the diversity of algae called diatoms in Lake Baikal, the oldest and deepest lake in the world, because algae sit at the base of aquatic foodwebs and provide energy (in the form of primary production) for other organisms to use. Diatom diversity and primary production have been influenced by both long-term and abrupt climate change over the past 16 000 years. The shape of these responses appears to be time-period specific.
Maierdang Keyimu, Zongshan Li, Bojie Fu, Guohua Liu, Fanjiang Zeng, Weiliang Chen, Zexin Fan, Keyan Fang, Xiuchen Wu, and Xiaochun Wang
Clim. Past, 17, 2381–2392, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2381-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2381-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We created a residual tree-ring width chronology and reconstructed non-growth-season precipitation (NGSP) over the period spanning 1600–2005 in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP), China. Reconstruction model verification as well as similar variations of NGSP reconstruction and Palmer Drought Severity Index reconstructions from the surrounding region indicate the reliability of the present reconstruction. Our reconstruction is representative of NGSP variability of a large region in the SETP.
Caroline Welte, Jens Fohlmeister, Melina Wertnik, Lukas Wacker, Bodo Hattendorf, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Christoph Spötl
Clim. Past, 17, 2165–2177, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2165-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2165-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Stalagmites are valuable climate archives, but unlike other proxies the use of stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) is still difficult. A stalagmite from the Austrian Alps was analyzed using a new laser ablation method for fast radiocarbon (14C) analysis. This allowed 14C and δ13C to be combined, showing that besides soil and bedrock a third source is contributing during periods of warm, wet climate: old organic matter.
Nora Richter, James M. Russell, Johanna Garfinkel, and Yongsong Huang
Clim. Past, 17, 1363–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1363-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1363-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a reconstruction of winter–spring temperatures developed using organic proxies preserved in well-dated lake sediments from southwest Iceland to assess seasonal temperature changes in the North Atlantic region over the last 2000 years. The gradual warming trend observed in our record is likely influenced by sea surface temperatures, which are sensitive to changes in ocean circulation and seasonal insolation, during the winter and spring season.
Lucas Dugerdil, Sébastien Joannin, Odile Peyron, Isabelle Jouffroy-Bapicot, Boris Vannière, Bazartseren Boldgiv, Julia Unkelbach, Hermann Behling, and Guillemette Ménot
Clim. Past, 17, 1199–1226, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1199-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1199-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Since the understanding of Holocene climate change appears to be a relevant issue for future climate change, the paleoclimate calibrations have to be improved. Here, surface samples from Mongolia and Siberia were analyzed to provide new calibrations for pollen and biomarker climate models. These calibrations appear to be more powerful than global calibrations, especially in an arid central Asian context. These calibrations will improve the understanding of monsoon Holocene oscillations.
Justin T. Maxwell, Grant L. Harley, Trevis J. Matheus, Brandon M. Strange, Kayla Van Aken, Tsun Fung Au, and Joshua C. Bregy
Clim. Past, 16, 1901–1916, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1901-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1901-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We found that increasing the density of chronologies in the tree-ring network resulted in estimated soil moisture conditions that better matched the spatial variability of the values that were instrumentally recorded for droughts and, to a lesser extent, pluvials. By sampling trees in 2010 compared to 1980, the sensitivity of tree rings to soil moisture decreased in the southern portion of our region, where severe drought conditions have been absent over recent decades.
Stefano Segadelli, Federico Grazzini, Veronica Rossi, Margherita Aguzzi, Silvia Marvelli, Marco Marchesini, Alessandro Chelli, Roberto Francese, Maria Teresa De Nardo, and Sandro Nanni
Clim. Past, 16, 1547–1564, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1547-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1547-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In an attempt to consolidate trends in the hydrological cycle induced by recent warming, we conducted a multidisciplinary study combining meteorological data, climate proxies from the literature, and original coring and pollen data acquired in an area that has been hit by record-breaking precipitation events. A detailed study of recent flash-flood deposits compared with fossil peat bog and lake sediments supports the expected increase in precipitation intensity during warm climatic phases.
Bo Cheng, Jennifer Adams, Jianhui Chen, Aifeng Zhou, Qing Zhang, and Anson W. Mackay
Clim. Past, 16, 543–554, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-543-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-543-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Qinling mountains in China are biodiversity rich. We studied one of the high-latitude lakes on Mount Taibai with a view to looking at how aquatic diversity responded to long-term changes in climate over the past 3500 years. We specifically looked at a group of single-celled algae called diatoms, as they are very sensitive to the environment. We found that these algae changed gradually over time, but they showed abrupt change during the period known as the Little Ice Age, about 400 years ago.
Xingxing Liu, Youbin Sun, Jef Vandenberghe, Peng Cheng, Xu Zhang, Evan J. Gowan, Gerrit Lohmann, and Zhisheng An
Clim. Past, 16, 315–324, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-315-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-315-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The East Asian summer monsoon and winter monsoon are anticorrelated on a centennial timescale during 16–1 ka. The centennial monsoon variability is connected to changes of both solar activity and North Atlantic cooling events during the Early Holocene. Then, North Atlantic cooling became the major forcing of events during the Late Holocene. This work presents the great challenge and potential to understand the response of the monsoon system to global climate changes in the past and the future.
Antonio García-Alix, Jaime L. Toney, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Carmen Pérez-Martínez, Laura Jiménez, Marta Rodrigo-Gámiz, R. Scott Anderson, Jon Camuera, Francisco J. Jiménez-Espejo, Dhais Peña-Angulo, and María J. Ramos-Román
Clim. Past, 16, 245–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-245-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we identify warming thresholds, rates, and forcing mechanisms from a novel alpine temperature record of the southern Iberian Peninsula during the Common Era in order to contextualize the modern warming and its potential impact on these vulnerable alpine ecosystems. To do so, we have developed and applied the first lacustrine temperature calibration in alpine lakes for algal compounds, called long-chain alkyl diols, which is a significant advance in biomarker paleothermometry.
Stef Vansteenberge, Niels J. de Winter, Matthias Sinnesael, Sophie Verheyden, Steven Goderis, Stijn J. M. Van Malderen, Frank Vanhaecke, and Philippe Claeys
Clim. Past, 16, 141–160, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-141-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-141-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the chemical composition (trace-element concentrations and stable-isotope ratios) of a Belgian speleothem that deposited annual layers. Our sub-annual resolution dataset allows us to investigate how the chemistry of this speleothem recorded changes in the environment and climate in northwestern Europe. We then use this information to reconstruct climate change during the 16th and 17th century on the seasonal scale and demonstrate that environmental change drives speleothem chemistry.
Alexander Land, Sabine Remmele, Jutta Hofmann, Daniel Reichle, Margaret Eppli, Christian Zang, Allan Buras, Sebastian Hein, and Reiner Zimmermann
Clim. Past, 15, 1677–1690, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1677-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1677-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
With the use of precipitation sensitive oak ring-width series from the Main River region (southern Germany) a 2000-year long hydroclimate reconstruction has been developed. The ring series are sensitive to the sum of rainfall from 26 February to 6 July. This region suffered from severe, long-lasting droughts in the past two millennia (e.g., AD 500/510s, 940s, 1170s, 1390s and 1160s). In the AD 550s, 1050s, 1310s and 1480s, multi-year periods with high rainfall hit the region.
Nils Weitzel, Andreas Hense, and Christian Ohlwein
Clim. Past, 15, 1275–1301, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1275-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1275-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A new method for probabilistic spatial reconstructions of past climate states is presented, which combines pollen data with a multi-model ensemble of climate simulations in a Bayesian framework. The approach is applied to reconstruct summer and winter temperature in Europe during the mid-Holocene. Our reconstructions account for multiple sources of uncertainty and are well suited for quantitative statistical analyses of the climate under different forcing conditions.
Inken Heidke, Denis Scholz, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Clim. Past, 15, 1025–1037, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1025-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1025-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first quantitative study of lignin biomarkers in stalagmites and cave drip water. Lignin is only produced by higher plants; therefore, its analysis can be used to reconstruct the vegetation of the past. We compared our lignin results with stable isotope and trace element records from the same samples and found correlations or similarities with P, Ba, U and Mg concentrations as well as δ13C values. These results can help to better interpret other vegetation proxies.
Johannes Hepp, Lorenz Wüthrich, Tobias Bromm, Marcel Bliedtner, Imke Kathrin Schäfer, Bruno Glaser, Kazimierz Rozanski, Frank Sirocko, Roland Zech, and Michael Zech
Clim. Past, 15, 713–733, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-713-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-713-2019, 2019
Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Marina V. Fonti, Matthias Saurer, Sébastien Guillet, Christophe Corona, Patrick Fonti, Vladimir S. Myglan, Alexander V. Kirdyanov, Oksana V. Naumova, Dmitriy V. Ovchinnikov, Alexander V. Shashkin, Irina P. Panyushkina, Ulf Büntgen, Malcolm K. Hughes, Eugene A. Vaganov, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, and Markus Stoffel
Clim. Past, 15, 685–700, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-685-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-685-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present a unique dataset of multiple tree-ring and stable isotope parameters, representing temperature-sensitive Siberian ecotones, to assess climatic impacts after six large stratospheric volcanic eruptions at 535, 540, 1257, 1640, 1815, and 1991 CE. Besides the well-documented effects of temperature derived from tree-ring width and latewood density, stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in tree-ring cellulose provide information about moisture and sunshine duration changes after the events.
Monica Bini, Giovanni Zanchetta, Aurel Perşoiu, Rosine Cartier, Albert Català, Isabel Cacho, Jonathan R. Dean, Federico Di Rita, Russell N. Drysdale, Martin Finnè, Ilaria Isola, Bassem Jalali, Fabrizio Lirer, Donatella Magri, Alessia Masi, Leszek Marks, Anna Maria Mercuri, Odile Peyron, Laura Sadori, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Fabian Welc, Christoph Zielhofer, and Elodie Brisset
Clim. Past, 15, 555–577, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-555-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-555-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean region has returned some of the clearest evidence of a climatically dry period occurring approximately 4200 years ago. We reviewed selected proxies to infer regional climate patterns between 4.3 and 3.8 ka. Temperature data suggest a cooling anomaly, even if this is not uniform, whereas winter was drier, along with dry summers. However, some exceptions to this prevail, where wetter condition seems to have persisted, suggesting regional heterogeneity.
Amy J. Dougherty, Jeong-Heon Choi, Chris S. M. Turney, and Anthony Dosseto
Clim. Past, 15, 389–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-389-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-389-2019, 2019
Áslaug Geirsdóttir, Gifford H. Miller, John T. Andrews, David J. Harning, Leif S. Anderson, Christopher Florian, Darren J. Larsen, and Thor Thordarson
Clim. Past, 15, 25–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-25-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-25-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Compositing climate proxies in sediment from seven Iceland lakes documents abrupt summer cooling between 4.5 and 4.0 ka, statistically indistinguishable from 4.2 ka. Although the decline in summer insolation was an important factor, a combination of superposed changes in ocean circulation and explosive Icelandic volcanism were likely responsible for the abrupt perturbation recorded by our proxies. Lake and catchment proxies recovered to a colder equilibrium state following the perturbation.
Haiwei Zhang, Hai Cheng, Yanjun Cai, Christoph Spötl, Gayatri Kathayat, Ashish Sinha, R. Lawrence Edwards, and Liangcheng Tan
Clim. Past, 14, 1805–1817, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1805-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1805-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The collapses of several Neolithic cultures in China are considered to have been associated with abrupt climate change during the 4.2 ka BP event; however, the hydroclimate of this event in China is still poorly known. Based on stalagmite records from monsoonal China, we found that north China was dry but south China was wet during this event. We propose that the rain belt remained longer at its southern position, giving rise to a pronounced humidity gradient between north and south China.
Alice Callegaro, Dario Battistel, Natalie M. Kehrwald, Felipe Matsubara Pereira, Torben Kirchgeorg, Maria del Carmen Villoslada Hidalgo, Broxton W. Bird, and Carlo Barbante
Clim. Past, 14, 1543–1563, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1543-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1543-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Holocene fires and vegetation are reconstructed using different molecular markers with a single analytical method, applied for the first time to lake sediments from Tibet. The early Holocene shows oscillations between grasses and conifers, with smouldering fires represented by levoglucosan peaks, and high-temperature fires represented by PAHs. The lack of human FeSts excludes local human influence on fire and vegetation changes. Late Holocene displays an increase in local to regional combustion.
Kees Nooren, Wim Z. Hoek, Brian J. Dermody, Didier Galop, Sarah Metcalfe, Gerald Islebe, and Hans Middelkoop
Clim. Past, 14, 1253–1273, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1253-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1253-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present two new palaeoclimatic records for the central Maya lowlands, adding valuable new insights to the impact of climate change on the development of Maya civilisation. Lake Tuspan's diatom record is indicative of precipitation changes at a local scale, while a beach ridge elevation record from the world's largest late Holocene beach ridge plain provides a regional picture.
Markus Czymzik, Raimund Muscheler, Florian Adolphi, Florian Mekhaldi, Nadine Dräger, Florian Ott, Michał Słowinski, Mirosław Błaszkiewicz, Ala Aldahan, Göran Possnert, and Achim Brauer
Clim. Past, 14, 687–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-687-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-687-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Our results provide a proof of concept for facilitating 10Be in varved lake sediments as a novel synchronization tool required for investigating leads and lags of proxy responses to climate variability. They also point to some limitations of 10Be in these archives mainly connected to in-lake sediment resuspension processes.
Darrell S. Kaufman and PAGES 2k special-issue editorial team
Clim. Past, 14, 593–600, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-593-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-593-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We explain the procedure used to attain a high and consistent level of data stewardship across a special issue of the journal Climate of the Past. We discuss the challenges related to (1) determining which data are essential for public archival, (2) using data generated by others, and (3) understanding data citations. We anticipate that open-data sharing in paleo sciences will accelerate as the advantages become more evident and as practices that reduce data loss become the accepted convention.
Haipeng Wang, Jianhui Chen, Shengda Zhang, David D. Zhang, Zongli Wang, Qinghai Xu, Shengqian Chen, Shijin Wang, Shichang Kang, and Fahu Chen
Clim. Past, 14, 383–396, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-383-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-383-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The chironomid-inferred temperature record from Gonghai Lake exhibits a stepwise decreasing trend since 4 ka. A cold event in the Era of Disunity, the Sui-Tang Warm Period, the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age can all be recognized in our record, as well as in many other temperature reconstructions in China. Local wars in Shanxi Province, documented in the historical literature during the past 2700 years, are statistically significantly correlated with changes in temperature.
Hansi K. A. Singh, Gregory J. Hakim, Robert Tardif, Julien Emile-Geay, and David C. Noone
Clim. Past, 14, 157–174, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-157-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-157-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) is prominent in the climate system. We study the AMO over the last 2000 years using a novel proxy framework, the Last Millennium Reanalysis. We find that the AMO is linked to continental warming, Arctic sea ice retreat, and an Atlantic precipitation shift. Low clouds decrease globally. We find no distinct multidecadal spectral peak in the AMO over the last 2 millennia, suggesting that human activities may have enhanced the AMO in the modern era.
Ny Riavo Gilbertinie Voarintsoa, Loren Bruce Railsback, George Albert Brook, Lixin Wang, Gayatri Kathayat, Hai Cheng, Xianglei Li, Richard Lawrence Edwards, Amos Fety Michel Rakotondrazafy, and Marie Olga Madison Razanatseheno
Clim. Past, 13, 1771–1790, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1771-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1771-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This research has been an investigation of two stalagmites from two caves in NW Madagascar to reconstruct the region's paleoenvironmental changes, and to understand the linkage of such changes to the dynamics of the ITCZ. Stable isotopes, mineralogy, and petrography suggest wetter climate conditions than today during the early and late Holocene, when the mean ITCZ was south, and drier during the mid-Holocene when the ITCZ was north.
Wei Ding, Qinghai Xu, and Pavel E. Tarasov
Clim. Past, 13, 1285–1300, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1285-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1285-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Pollen-based past climate reconstruction for regions with long-term human occupation is always controversial. We examined the bias induced by the human impact on vegetation in a climate reconstruction for temperate eastern China by comparing the deviations in the reconstructed results for a fossil record based on two pollen–climate calibration sets. Climatic signals in pollen assemblages are indeed obscured by human impact; however, the extent of the bias could be assessed.
Oliver Rach, Ansgar Kahmen, Achim Brauer, and Dirk Sachse
Clim. Past, 13, 741–757, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-741-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-741-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Currently, reconstructions of past changes in the hydrological cycle are usually qualitative, which is a major drawback for testing the accuracy of models in predicting future responses. Here we present a proof of concept of a novel approach to deriving quantitative paleohydrological data, i.e. changes in relative humidity, from lacustrine sediment archives, employing a combination of organic geochemical methods and plant physiological modeling.
Juan José Gómez-Navarro, Eduardo Zorita, Christoph C. Raible, and Raphael Neukom
Clim. Past, 13, 629–648, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-629-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-629-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This contribution aims at assessing to what extent the analogue method, a classic technique used in other branches of meteorology and climatology, can be used to perform gridded reconstructions of annual temperature based on the limited information from available but un-calibrated proxies spread across different locations of the world. We conclude that it is indeed possible, albeit with certain limitations that render the method comparable to more classic techniques.
Atsushi Okazaki and Kei Yoshimura
Clim. Past, 13, 379–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-379-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-379-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Data assimilation has been successfully applied in the field of paleoclimatology to reconstruct past climate. However, data reconstructed from proxies have been assimilated, as opposed to the actual proxy values, which prevented full utilization of the information recorded in the proxies. This study propose a new data assimilation system in which actual proxy data are directly assimilated.
Enlou Zhang, Jie Chang, Yanmin Cao, Hongqu Tang, Pete Langdon, James Shulmeister, Rong Wang, Xiangdong Yang, and Ji Shen
Clim. Past, 13, 185–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-185-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-185-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports the first development of sub-fossil chironomid-based mean July temperature transfer functions from China. The transfer functions yield reliable reconstructions that are comparable to the instrumental record. The application of this new tool will provide long-term quantitative palaeoclimate estimates from south-western China which is a critical region for understanding the dynamic and evolution of the Indian Ocean south-west Monsoon system.
Kira Rehfeld, Mathias Trachsel, Richard J. Telford, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 12, 2255–2270, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2255-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2255-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Indirect evidence on past climate comes from the former composition of ecological communities such as plants, preserved as pollen grains in sediments of lakes. Transfer functions convert relative counts of species to a climatologically meaningful scale (e.g. annual mean temperature in degrees C). We show that the fundamental assumptions in the algorithms impact the reconstruction results in he idealized model world, in particular if the reconstructed variables were not ecologically relevant.
Qing Yang, Xiaoqiang Li, Xinying Zhou, Keliang Zhao, and Nan Sun
Clim. Past, 12, 2229–2240, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2229-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2229-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The fossilized seeds of common millet are suited to the production of quantitative Holocene precipitation reconstructions. Our reconstructed results showed that summer precipitation from 7.7–3.4 ka BP was ~ 50 mm, or 17 % higher than present levels. Maximal mean summer precipitation peaked at 414 mm during 6.1–5.5 ka BP, ~ 109 mm, or 36 % higher than today, indicating the EASM peaked at this time. This work can provide a new proxy for further research into continuous paleoprecipitation sequences.
Michael Deininger, Martin Werner, and Frank McDermott
Clim. Past, 12, 2127–2143, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2127-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2127-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the NAO (Northern Atlantic Oscillation)-related mechanisms that control winter precipitation stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope gradients across Europe. The results show that past longitudinal stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope gradients in European rainfall stored in palaeoclimate archives (e.g. speleothems) can be used to infer the past winter NAO modes from its variations.
Liangjun Zhu, Yuandong Zhang, Zongshan Li, Binde Guo, and Xiaochun Wang
Clim. Past, 12, 1485–1498, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1485-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1485-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a 368-year late summer maximum temperature reconstruction based on spruce tree rings. It touches on the critical topic of climate reconstruction in the eastern edge of Tibetan Plateau and represents an extension and enhancement of climate records for this area. The Little Ice Age was well represented and 20th century warming was not obvious in this reconstruction. This temperature variation may be affected by global land–sea atmospheric circulation as well as solar and volcanic forcing.
Frazer Matthews-Bird, Stephen J. Brooks, Philip B. Holden, Encarni Montoya, and William D. Gosling
Clim. Past, 12, 1263–1280, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1263-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1263-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Chironomidae are a family of two-winged aquatic fly of the order Diptera. The family is species rich (> 5000 described species) and extremely sensitive to environmental change, particualy temperature. Across the Northern Hemisphere, chironomids have been widely used as paleotemperature proxies as the chitinous remains of the insect are readily preserved in lake sediments. This is the first study using chironomids as paleotemperature proxies in tropical South America.
Karsten Schittek, Sebastian T. Kock, Andreas Lücke, Jonathan Hense, Christian Ohlendorf, Julio J. Kulemeyer, Liliana C. Lupo, and Frank Schäbitz
Clim. Past, 12, 1165–1180, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1165-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1165-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Cushion peatlands are versatile climate archives for the study of past environmental changes. We present the environmental history for the last 2100 years of Cerro Tuzgle peatland, which is located in the NW Argentine Puna. The results reflect prominent late Holocene climate anomalies and provide evidence that Northern Hemisphere climate oscillations were extensive. Volcanic forcing at the beginning of the 19th century seems to have had an impact on climatic settings in the Central Andes
Nicholas P. McKay and Julien Emile-Geay
Clim. Past, 12, 1093–1100, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1093-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1093-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The lack of accepted data formats and data standards in paleoclimatology is a growing problem that slows progress in the field. Here, we propose a preliminary data standard for paleoclimate data, general enough to accommodate all the proxy and measurement types encountered in a large international collaboration (PAGES 2k). We also introduce a data format for such structured data (Linked Paleo Data, or LiPD), leveraging recent advances in knowledge representation (Linked Open Data).
Niamh Cahill, Andrew C. Kemp, Benjamin P. Horton, and Andrew C. Parnell
Clim. Past, 12, 525–542, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-525-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-525-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a Bayesian model for the reconstruction and analysis of former sea levels. The model provides a single, unifying framework for reconstructing and analyzing sea level through time with fully quantified uncertainty. We illustrate our approach using a case study of Common Era (last 2000 years) sea levels from New Jersey.
Cited articles
Adams, J. K. and Finkelstein, S. A.: Watershed-scale reconstruction of middle and late Holocene paleoenvironmental changes on Melville Peninsula, Nunavut, Canada, Quat. Sci. Rev., 29, 2302–2314, 2010.
Allen, J. R. M., Long, A. J., Ottley, C. J., Graham Pearson, D., and Huntley, B.: Holocene climate variability in northernmost Europe, Quat. Sci. Rev., 26, 1432–1453, 2007.
Alley, R. B.: The Younger Dryas cold interval as viewed from central Greenland, Quat. Sci. Rev., 19, 213–226, 2000.
Anderson, L., Abbott, M. B., Finney, B. P., and Burns, S. J.: Regional atmospheric circulation change in the North Pacific during the Holocene inferred from lacustrine carbonate oxygen isotopes, Yukon Territory, Canada, Quat. Res., 64, 21–35, 2005.
Anderson, N. J., Liversidge, A. C., McGowan, S., and Jones, M. D.: Lake and catchment response to Holocene environmental change: spatial variability along a climate gradient in southwest Greenland, J. Paleolimnol., 48, 209–222, 2012.
Andersson, C., Risebrobakken, B., Jansen, E., and Dahl, S. O.: Late Holocene surface ocean conditions of the Norwegian Sea (Vøring Plateau), Paleoceanogr., 18, 1044, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001PA000654, 2003.
Andreev, A. A., Tarasov, P. E., Ilyashuk, B. P., Ilyashuk, E. A., Cremer, H., Hermichen, W.-D., Wischer, F., and Hubberten, H.-W.: Holocene environmental history recorded in Lake Lyadhej-To sediments, Polar Urals, Russia, Palaeogeog., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol., 223, 181–203, 2005.
Andresen, C. S., Björck, S., Bennike, O., and Bond, G.: Holocene climate changes in southern Greenland: evidence from lake sediments, J. Quat. Sci., 19, 783–795, 2004.
Andresen, C. S., Björck, S., Rundgren, M, Conley, D. J., and Jessen, C.: Rapid Holocene climate changes in the North Atlantic: evidence from lake sediments from the Faroe Islands, Boreas, 35, 23–34, 2006.
Antonsson, K. and Seppä, H.: Holocene temperatures in Bohuslän, southwest Sweden: a quantitative reconstruction from fossil pollen data, Boreas, 36, 400–410, 2007.
Antonsson, K., Brooks, S. J., Seppä, H., Telford, R. J., and Birks, H. J. B.: Quantitative palaeotemperature records inferred from fossil pollen and chironomid assemblages from Lake Gilltjärnen, northern central Sweden, J. Quat. Sci., 21, 831–841, 2006.
Axford, Y., Losee, S., Briner, J. P., Francis, D. R., Langdon, P. G., and Walker, I. R.: Holocene temperature history at the western Greenland Ice Sheet margin reconstructed from lake sediments, Quat. Sci. Rev., 59, 87–100, 2013.
Bakke, J., Lie, Ø., Nesje, A., Dahl, S. O., and Paasche, Ø.: Utilizing physical sediment variability in glacier-fed lakes for continuous glacier reconstructions during the Holocene, northern Folgefonna, western Norway, Holocene, 15, 161–176, 2005.
Bakke, J., Dahl, S. O., Paasche, Ø., Riis Simonsen, J., Kvisvik, B., Bakke, K., and Nesje, A.: A complete record of Holocene glacier variability at Austre Okstindbreen, northern Norway: an integrated approach, Quat. Sci. Rev., 29, 1246–1262, 2010.
Balascio, N. and Bradley, R.: Evaluating Holocene climate change in northern Norway using sediment records from two contrasting lake systems, J. Paleolimnol. 48, 259–273, 2012.
Balascio, N. L., D'Andrea, W. J., Bradley, R. S., and Perren, B. B.: Biogeochemical evidence for hydrologic changes during the Holocene in a lake sediment record from southeast Greenland, Holocene, 23, 1428–1439, 2013.
Barley, E. M., Walker, I. R., Kurek, J., Cwynar, L. C., Mathewes, R. W., Gajewski, K., and Finney, B.: A northwest North America training set: distribution of freshwater midges in relation to air temperature and lake depth, J. Paleolimnol., 36, 295–314, 2006.
Barnekow, L., Possnert, G., and Sandgren, P.: AMS 14C chronologies of Holocene lake sediments in the Abisko area, northern Sweden – a comparison between dated bulk sediment and macrofossil samples, Geologiska Färeningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar (GFF), 120, 59–67, 1998.
Barnekow, L., Loader, N. J., Hicks, S., Froyd, C. A., and Goslar, T.: Strong correlation between summer temperature and pollen accumulation rates for Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Betula spp. in a high-resolution record from northern Sweden, J. Quat. Sci., 22, 653–658, 2007.
Bartlein, P. J., Harrison, S. P., Brewer, S., Connor, S., Davis, B. A. S., Gajewski, K., Guiot, J., Harrison-Prentice, T. I., Henderson, A. O., Peyron, A. H., Prentice, I. C., Scholze, M., Seppä, H., Shuman, B., Sugita, S., Thompson, R. S., Viau, A. E., Williams, J., and Wu, H.: Pollen-based continental climate reconstructions at 6 and 21 ka: a global synthesis, Clim. Dynam., 37, 775–802, 2011.
Belt, S. T. and Müller, J.: The Arctic sea ice biomarker IP25: a review of current understanding, recommendations for future research and applications in palaeo sea ice reconstructions, Quat. Sci. Rev., 79, 9–25, 2013.
Belt, S. T., Vare, L. L., Massé, G., Manners, H. R., Price, J. C., MacLachlan, S. E., Andrews, J. T., and Schmidt, S.: Striking similarities in temporal changes to spring sea ice occurrence across the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago over the last 7000 years, Quat. Sci. Rev. 29, 3489–3504, 2010.
Bender, M. M., Bryson, R. A., and Baerreis, D. A.: University of Wisconsin radiocarbon dates III, Radiocarbon, 9, 530–544, 1967.
Bendle, J. A. P. and Rosell-Melé, A.: High-resolution alkenone sea surface temperature variability on the North Icelandic Shelf: implications for Nordic Seas palaeoclimatic development during the Holocene, Holocene, 17, 9–24, 2007.
Berner, K. S., Koç, N., Divine, D., Godtliebsen, F., and Moros, M.: A decadal-scale Holocene sea surface temperature record from the subpolar North Atlantic constructed using diatoms and statistics and its relation to other climate parameters, Paleoceanogr., 23, PA2210, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006PA001339, 2008.
Berner, K. S., Koç, N., and Godtliebsen, F.: High frequency climate variability of the Norwegian Atlantic Current during the early Holocene period and a possible connection to the Gleissberg cycle, Holocene, 20, 245–255, 2010.
Bigelow, N. H., Linda, B., Brubaker, L. B., Mary, E., Edwards, M. E., Sandy, P., Harrison, S. P., Prentice, C. I., Anderson, P. M. Andreev, A. A., Bartlein, P. J., Christensen, T. R., Cramer, W., Kaplan, J. O., Lozhkin, A. V., Matveyeva, N. V., Murray, D. F., McGuire, A. D., Razzhivin, V. Y., Ritchie, J. C., Smith, B., Walker, D. A., Gajewski, K., Wolf, V., Holmqvist, B. H., Igarashi, Y., Kremenetskii, K., Aage, P., Pisaric, M. F. J., and Volkova, V. S.: Climate change and Arctic ecoystems: 1. Vegetation changes north of 55° N between the last glacial maximum, mid-Holocene, and present, J. Geophys. Res., 108, D198170, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002558, 2003.
Bigler, C., Larocque, I., Peglar, S. M., Birks, H. J. B., and Hall, R. I.: Quantitative multiproxy assessment of long-term patterns of Holocene environmental change from a small lake near Abisko, northern Sweden, Holocene, 12, 481–496, 2002.
Bigler, C., Grahn, E., Larocque, I., Jeziorski, A., and Hall, R.: Holocene environmental change at Lake Njulla (999 m a.s.l.), northern Sweden: a comparison with four small nearby lakes alongan altitudinal gradient, J. Paleolimnol., 29, 13–29, 2003.
Bigler, C., Barnekow, L., Heinrichs, M., and Hall, R.: Holocene environmental history of Lake Vuolep Njakajaure (Abisko National Park, northern Sweden) reconstructed using biological proxy indicators, Veg. Hist. Archeobotany, 15, 309–320, 2006.
Birks, H. J. B., Heiri, O., Seppä, H., and Bjune, A. E.: Strengths and weaknesses of quantitative climate reconstructions based on late-Quaternary biological proxies, The Open Ecol. J., 3, 68–110, 2010.
Biskaborn, B. K., Herzschuh, U., Bolshiyanov, D., Savelieva, L., and Diekmann, B.: Environmental variability in northeastern Siberia during the last 13 300 years inferred from lake diatoms and sediment–geochemical parameters, Palaeogeog., Paleoclim., Palaeoecol., 329/330, 22–36, 2012.
Bjune, A. E., Birks, H. J. B., and Seppä, H.: Holocene vegetation and climate history on a continental-oceanic transect in northern Fennoscandia based on pollen and plant macrofossils, Boreas, 33, 211–223, 2004.
Bjune, A. E. and Birks, H. J. B.: Holocene vegetation dynamics and inferred climate changes at Svanåvatnet, Mo i Rana, northern Norway, Boreas, 37, 146–156, 2008.
Bjune, A. E., Bakke, J., Nesje, A., and Birks, H. J. B.: Holocene mean July temperature and winter precipitation in western Norway inferred from palynological and glaciological lake-sediment proxies, Holocene, 15, 177–189, 2005.
Blois, J. L., Williams, J. W., Grimm, E. C., Jackson, S. T., and Graham, R. W.: A methodological framework for assessing and reducing temporal uncertainty in paleovegetation mapping from late-Quaternary pollen records, Quat. Sci. Rev., 30, 1926–1939, 2011.
Borgmark, A. and Wastegård, S.: Regional and local patterns of peat humification in three raised peat bogs in Värmland, south-central Sweden, Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar (GFF), 130, 161–176, 2008.
Brooks, S. J. and Birks, H. J. B.: Chironomid-inferred air temperatures from late-glacial and Holocene sites in north-west Europe: Progress and problems, Quat. Sci. Rev., 20, 1723–1741, 2001.
Brooks, S. J.: Fossil midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) as palaeoclimatic indicators for the Eurasian region, Quat. Sci. Rev., 25, 1894–1910, 2006.
Brooks, S. J., Axford, Y., Heiri, O., Langdon, P. G., and Larocque-Tobler, I.: Chironomids can be reliable proxies for Holocene temperatures, a comment on Velle et al. 2010, Holocene, 22, 1482–1494, 2012.
Brown, K. M., Douglas, M. S. V., and Smol, J. P.: Siliceous microfossils in a Holocene High Arctic peat deposit (Nordvestø, northern Greenland), Can. J. Bot., 72, 208–216, 1994.
Brubaker, L. B., Garfinkee, H. L., and Edwards, M. E.: A late Wisconsin and Holocene vegetation history from the central Brooks Range: implications for Alaskan palaeoecology, Quat. Res., 20, 194–214, 1983.
Bunbury, J. and Gajewski, K.: Postglacial climates inferred from a lake at treeline, southwest Yukon Territory, Canada, Special Theme: Modern Analogues in Quat. Sci. Rev., 28, 354–369, 2009.
CAPE Project Members: Holocene paleoclimate data from the Arctic: testing models of global climate change, Quat. Sci. Rev., 210, 1275–1287, 2001.
Calvo, E., Grimalt, J., and Jansen, E.: High resolution U37K sea surface temperature reconstruction in the Norwegian Sea during the Holocene, Quat. Sci. Rev., 21, 1385–1394, 2002.
Came, R. E., Oppo, D. W., and McManus, J. F.: Amplitude and timing of temperature and salinity variability in the subpolar North Atlantic over the past 10 kyr, Geology, 35, 315–318, 2007.
Camill, P., Umbanhowar, C., Jr., Geiss, C., Hobbs, W., Edlund, M., Shinneman, A., Dorale, J., and Lynch, J.: Holocene climate change and landscape development from a low-Arctic tundra lake in the western Hudson Bay region of Manitoba, Canada J. Paleolimnol., 48, 175–192, 2012.
Chakraborty, K., Finkelstein, S. A., Desloges, J. R., and Chow, N. A.: Holocene paleoenvironmental changes inferred from diatom assemblages in sediments of Kusawa Lake, Yukon Territory, Canada, Quat. Res., 74, 15–22, 2010.
Clegg, B. F. and Hu, F. S.: An oxygen-isotope record of Holocene climate change in the south-central Brooks Range, Alaska, Quat. Sci. Rev., 29, 928–939, 2010.
Clegg, B. F., Clarke, G. H., Chipman, M. L., Chou, M., Walker, I. R., Tinner, W., and Hu, F. S.: Six millennia of summer temperature variation based on midge analysis of lake sediments from Alaska, Quat. Sci. Rev., 29, 3308–3316, 2010.
Clegg, B. F., Kelly, R., Clarke, G. H., Walker, I. R., and Hu, F. S.: Nonlinear response of summer temperature to Holocene insolation forcing in Alaska, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 19299–19304, 2011.
Cwynar, L. C.: A late Quaternary vegetation history from Lily Lake, Chilkat Peninsula, southeast Alaska, Can. J. Bot., 68, 1106–1112, 1990.
Cwynar, L. C. and Spear, R. W.: Reversion of forest to tundra in the central Yukon, Ecology, 72, 202–212, 1991.
D'Andrea, W. J., Huang, Y., Fritz, S. C., and Anderson, N. J.: Abrupt Holocene climate change as an important factor for human migration in West Greenland, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 9765–9769, 2011.
Davis, P. T.: Holocene vegetation and climate record from Iglutalik Lake, Cumberland Sound, Baffin Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1980.
de Vernal, A. and Hillaire-Marcel, C.: Provincialism in trends and high frequency changes in the northwest North Atlantic during the Holocene, Global Planet. Change, 54, 263–290, 2006.
de Vernal, A., Henry, M., Matthiessen, J., Mudie, P.J., Rochon, A., Boessenkool, K., Eynaud, F., Grøsfjeld, K., Guiot, J., Hamel, D. , Harland, R., Head, M.J., Kunz-Pirrung, M., Levac, E., Loucheur, V., Peyron, O., Pospelova, V., Radi, T., Turon, J.-L., and Voronina, E.: Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages as tracers of sea-surface conditions in the northern North Atlantic, Arctic and sub-Arctic seas: the new `n = 677' database and application for quantitative paleoceanographical reconstruction, J. Quat. Sci., 16, 681–699, 2001.
de Vernal, A., Hillaire-Marcel, C., and Darby, D.: Variability of sea ice cover in the Chukchi Sea (western Arctic Ocean) during the Holocene, Paleoceanogr., 20, PA4018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001157, 2005.
de Vernal, A., Hillaire-Marcel, C., Rochon, A., Fréchette, B., Henry, M., Solignac, S., and Bonnet, S.: Dinocyst-based reconstructions of sea ice cover concentration during the Holocene in the Arctic Ocean, the northern North Atlantic Ocean and its adjacent seas, Quat. Sci. Rev., 79, 111–121, 2013.
Douglas, M. S. V. and Smol, J. P.: Freshwater diatoms as indicators of environmental change in the High Arctic, in: The Diatoms: Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences, 2nd Edn., edited by: Smol, J. P. and Stoermer, E. F., Cambridge University Press, 249–266, 2010.
Eggermont, H. and Heiri, O.: The chironomid-temperature relationship: expressions in nature and palaeoenvironmental implications, Biol. Rev., 87, 430–456, 2012.
Eide, W., Birks, H., Bigelow, N., Peglar, S., and Birks, H. J.: Holocene forest development along the Setesdal valley, southern Norway, reconstructed from macrofossil and pollen evidence, Veg. Hist. Archaeobotany, 15, 65–85, 2006.
Emile-Geay, J. and Eshleman, J. A.: Toward a semantic web of paleoclimatology. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 14, 457–469, https://doi.org/10.1002/ggge.20067, 2013.
Fairchild, I. J., Smith, C. L., Baker, A., Fuller, L., Spötl, C., Mattey, D., and McDermott, F.: Modification and preservation of environmental signals in speleothems, Earth-Sci. Rev., 75, 105–153, 2006.
Fairchild, I. J. and Baker, A.: Speleothem Science: From Process to Past Environments, Wiley-Blackwell, 416 pp., 2012.
Fallu, M.-A., Pienitz, R., Walker, I. R., and Lavoie, M.: Paleolimnology of a shrub-tundra lake and response of aquatic and terrestrial indicators to climatic change in arctic Québec, Canada, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoecol., 215, 183–203, 2005.
Farmer, J. R., Cronin, T. M., de Vernal, A., Dwyer, G. S., Keigwin, L. D., and Thunell, R. C.: Western Arctic Ocean temperature variability during the last 8000 years, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L24602, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049714, 2011.
Finney, B., Bigelow, N., Barber, V., and Edwards, M.: Holocene climate change and carbon cycling in a groundwater-fed, boreal forest lake: Dune Lake, Alaska, J. Paleolimnol., 48, 43–54, 2012.
Fisher, D., Osterberg, E., Dyke, A., Dahl-Jensen, D., Demuth, M., Zdanowicz, C., Bourgeois, J., Koerner, R. M., Mayewski, P., Wake, C., Kreutz, K., Steig, E., Zheng, J., Yalcin, K., Goto-Azuma, K., Luckman, B., and Rupper, S.: The Mt Logan Holocene – late Wisconsinan isotope record: tropical Pacific – Yukon connections, Holocene, 18, 667–677, 2008.
Fisher, D. A.: High-resolution multiproxy climate records from ice cores, tree rings, corals and documentary sources using eigenvector techniques and maps: assessment of recovered signal and errors, Holocene, 12, 323–340, 2002.
Fisher, D. A., Koerner, R. M., Paterson, W. S. B., Dansgaard, W., Gundestrup, N., and Reeh, N.: Effect of wind scouring on climatic records from ice-core oxygen-isotope profiles, Nature, 301, 205–209, 1983.
Fisher, D. A., Koerner, R. M., Bourgeois, J. C., Zielinski, G., Wake, C., Hammer, C. U., Clausen, H. B., Gundestrup, N., Johnsen, S., Goto-Azuma, K., Hondoh, T., Blake, E., and Gerasimoff, M.: Penny Ice Cap cores, Baffin Island, Canada, and the Wisconsinan Foxe Dome connection: Two states of Hudson Bay ice cover, Science, 279, 692–695, 1998.
Francis, D. R., Wolfe, A. P., Walker, I. R., and Miller, G. H.: Interglacial and Holocene temperature reconstructions based on midge remains in sediments of two lakes from Baffin Island, Nunavut, Arctic Canada, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol., 236, 107–124, 2006.
Gaiser, E. and Rühland, K.: Diatoms as indicators of environmental change in wetlands and peatlands, in: The Diatoms: Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences, 2nd Edn., edited by: Smol, J. P. and Stoermer, E. F., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 473–496, 2010.
Gajewski, K., Payette, S., and Ritchie, J. C.: Holocene vegetation history at the boreal-forest–shrub-tundra transition in north-western Quebec, J. Ecology., 81, 433–443, 1993.
Geirsdóttir, Á., Miller, G. H., Larsen, D. J., and Ólafsdóttir, S.: Abrupt Holocene climate transitions in the northern North Atlantic region recorded by synchronized lacustrine records in Iceland, Quat. Sci. Rev., 70, 48–62, 2013.
Giraudeau, J., Cremer, M., Manthe, S., Labeyrie, L., and Bond, G.: Coccolith evidence for instabilities in surface circulation south of Iceland during Holocene times, Earth Plan. Sci. Lett., 179, 257–268, 2000.
Grace, J., Berninger, F., and Nagy, L.: Impacts of climate change on the tree line, Ann. Bot.-London, 90, 537–544, 2002.
Grimm, E. C., Maher, L. J., Jr., and Nelson, D. M.: The magnitude of error in conventional bulk-sediment radiocarbon dates from central North America, Quat. Res., 72, 301–308, 2009.
Grudd, H., Briffa, K. R., Karlén, W., Bartholin, T. S., Jones, P. D., and Kromer, B.: A 7400-year tree-ring chronology in northern Swedish Lapland: natural climatic variability expressed on annual to millennial timescales, Holocene, 12, 657–665, 2002.
Guiot, J. and de Vernal, A.: Transfer functions: methods for quantitative paleoceanography based on microfossils, In C. Hillaire-Marcel and A. de Vernal (eds.) Proxies in Late Cenozoic Paleoceanography, Elsevier, 523–563, 2007.
Hald, M., Andersson, C., Ebbesen, H., Jansen, E., Klitgaard-Kristensen, D., Risebrobakken, B., Salomonsen, G. R., Sarnthein, M., Sejrup, H. P., and Telford, R. J.: Variations in temperature and extent of Atlantic water in the northern North Atlantic during the Holocene, Quat. Sci. Rev., 26, 3423–3440, 2007.
Hammarlund, D., Barnekow, L., Birks, H. J. B., Buckardt, B., and Edwards, T. W. D.: Holocene changes in atmospheric circulation recorded in the oxygen-isotope stratigraphy of lacustrine carbonates from northern Sweden, Holocene, 12, 339–351, 2002.
Hammarlund, D., Björck, S., Buchardt, B., Israelson, C., and Thomsen, C. T.: Rapid hydrological changes during the Holocene revealed by stable isotope records of lacustrine carbonates from Lake Igelsjön, southern Sweden, Quat. Sci. Rev., 22, 353–370, 2003.
Hammarlund, D., Velle, G., Wolfe, B. B., Edwards, T. W. D., Barnekow, L., Bergman, J., Holmgren, S., Lamme, S., Snowball, I., Wohlfarth, B., and Possnert, G.: Palaeolimnological and sedimentary responses to Holocene forest retreat in the Scandes Mountains, west-central Sweden, Holocene, 14, 862–876, 2004.
Harsch, M. A., Hulme, P. E., McGlone, M. S., Duncan, R. P.: Are treelines advancing?, A global meta-analysis of treeline response to climate warming, Ecology Lett., 12, 1040–1049, 2009.
Heikkilä, M. and Seppä, H.: A 11 000 year palaeotemperature reconstruction from the southern boreal zone in Finland, Quat. Sci. Rev., 22, 541–554, 2003.
Heikkilä, M., Edwards, T. W. D., Seppä, H., and Sonninen, E.: Sediment isotope tracers from Lake Saarikko, Finland, and implications for Holocene hydroclimatology, Quat. Sci. Rev., 29, 2146–2160, 2010.
Helama, S., Fauria, M., Mielikäinen, K., Timonen, M., and Eronen, M.: Sub-Milankovitch solar forcing of past climates: mid and late Holocene perspectives, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 122, 1981–1988, 2010.
Helama, S., Seppä, H., Bjune, A.E. and Birks, H.J.B.: Fusing pollen-stratigraphic and dendroclimatic proxy data to reconstruct summer temperature variability during the past 7.5 ka in subarctic Fennoscandia, J. Paleolimnol., 48, 272–286, 2012.
Hobbie, J. E.: Polar limnology, Ecos. World, 23, 63–105, 1984.
Hu, F. S., Ito, E., Brubaker, L. B., and Anderson, P. M.: Ostracode geochemical record of Holocene climatic change and implications for vegetational response in the northwestern Alaska Range, Quat. Res., 49, 86–95, 1998.
Husum, K. and Hald, M.: A continuous marine record 8000–1600 cal. year BP from the Malangenfjord, north Norway: foraminiferal and isotopic evidence, Holocene, 14, 877–887, 2004.
Ilyashuk, E. A., Ilyashuk, B. P., Hammarlund, D., and Larocque, I.: Holocene climatic and environmental changes inferred from midge records (Diptera: Chironomidae, Chaoboridae, Ceratopogonidae) at Lake Berkut, southern Kola Peninsula, Russia, Holocene, 15, 897–914, 2005.
Irvine, F., Cwynar, L. C., Vermaire, J. C., and Rees, A. B. H.: Midge-inferred temperature reconstructions and vegetation change over the last 15 000 years from Trout Lake, northern Yukon Territory, eastern Beringia, J. Paleolimnol., 48, 133–146, 2012.
Janbu, A. D., Paasche, Ø., and Talbot, M. R.: Paleoclimate changes inferred from stable isotopes and magnetic properties of organic-rich lake sediments in Arctic Norway, J. Paleolimnol., 46, 29–44, 2011.
Jansen, E., Andersson, C., Moros, M., Nisancioglu, K. H., Nyland, B. F., Telford, R. J.: The early to mid Holocene thermal optimum in the northern North Atlantic and Nordic Seas: the role of orbital forcing and Holocene century to millennial scale climate events, in: Natural Climate Variability and Global Warming: a Holocene Perspective, edited by: Batterbee, R. W., Binnet, H. A., Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 123–137, 2008.
Jennings, A. E., Weiner, N. J., Helgadóttir, G., and Andrews, J. T.: Modern foraminiferal faunas of the SW to N Iceland shelf: Oceanographic and environmental controls, J. Foramin. Res., 34, 180–207, 2004.
Jennings, A. E., Andrews, J., and Wilson, L.: Holocene environmental evolution of the SE Greenland Shelf North and South of the Denmark Strait: Irminger and East Greenland current interactions, Quat. Sci. Rev., 30, 980–998, 2011.
Jones, P. D., Briffa, K. R., Osborn, T. J., Lough, J. M., van Ommen, T. D., Vinther, B. M., Luterbacher, J., Wahl, E. R., Zwiers, F. W., Mann, M. E., Schmidt, G. A., Ammann, C. M., Buckley, B. M., Cobb, K. M., Esper, J., Goosse, H., Graham, N., Jansen, E., Kiefer, T., Kull, C., Küttel, M., Mosley-Thompson, E., Overpeck, J. T., Riedwyl, N., Schulz, M., Tudhope, A. W., Villalba, R., Wanner, H., Wolff, E., and Xoplaki, E.: High-resolution palaeoclimatology of the last millennium: A review of current status and future prospects, Holocene, 19, 3–49, 2009.
Jones, V. J., Leng, M. J., Solovieva, N., Sloane, H. J., and Tarasov, P.: Holocene climate of the Kola Peninsula; evidence from the oxygen isotope record of diatom silica, Isot. Quat. Paleoenviron. Reconstr., 23, 833–839, 2004.
Jones, V. J., Solovieva, N., Self, A. E., McGowan, S., Rosän, P., and Salonen, J. S., Seppä, H., Väliranta, M., Parrott, E., and Brooks, S. J.: The influence of Holocene tree-line advance and retreat on an arctic lake ecosystem: a multi-proxy study from Kharinei Lake, North Eastern European Russia, J. Paleolim., 46, 123–137, 2011.
Jonsson, C. E., Andersson, S., Rosqvist, G. C., and Leng, M. J.: Reconstructing past atmospheric circulation changes using oxygen isotopes in lake sediments from Sweden, Clim. Past, 6, 49–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-49-2010, 2010.
Juggins, S. and Birks, H. J. B.: Quantitative environmental reconstructions from biological data, in: Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, Vol. 5, Data Handling and Numerical Techniques, edited by: Birks, H. J. B., Lotter, A. F., Juggins, S., and Smol, J. P., Springer, Dordrecht, 431–494, 2012.
Justwan, A., Koç, N., and Jennings, A. E.: Evolution of the Irminger and East Icelandic Current systems through the Holocene, revealed by diatom-based sea surface temperature reconstructions, Quat. Sci. Rev., 27, 1571–1582, 2008.
Kaplan, M. R., Wolfe, A. P., and Miller, G. H.: Holocene environmental variability in southern Greenland inferred from lake sediments, Quat. Res., 58, 149–159, 2002.
Kaufman, D. S.: A new synthesis of Arctic Holocene proxy climate records. Abstract PP31A-1832 presented at 2011 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 5–9 December, 2011.
Kaufman, D. S., Ager, T. A., Anderson, N. J., Anderson, P. M., Andrews, J. T., Bartelein, P. J., Burbaker, L. B., Coats, L. L., Cwynar, L. C., Duval, M. L., Dyke, A. S., Edwards, M. E., Eiser, W. R., Gajewski, K., Geisodottir, A., Hu, F. S., Jennings, A. E., Kaplan, M. R., Kewin, M. W., Lozhkin, A. V., MacDonald, G. M., Miller, G. H., Mock, C. J., Oswald, W. W., Otto-Blisner, B. L., Porinchu, D. F., Rühland, K., Smol, J. P., Steig, E. J., and Wolfe, B. B.: Holocene thermal maximum in the western Arctic (0–180° W), Quat. Sci. Rev., 23, 529–560, 2004.
Kaufman, D. S., Axford, Y., Anderson, R. S., Lamoureux, S. F., Schindler, D. E., Walker, I. R., and Werner, A.: A multi-proxy record of the Last Glacial Maximum and last 14,500 years of paleoenvironmental change at Lone Spruce Pond, southwestern Alaska, J. Paleolimnol., 48, 9–26, 2012.
Kerwin, M. W., Overpeck, J. T., Webb, R. S., and Anderson, K. H.: Pollen-based summer temperature reconstructions for the eastern Canadian boreal forest, subarctic, and Arctic, Quat. Sci. Rev., 23, 1901–1924, 2004.
Kheshgi, H. S. and Lapenis, A. G.: Estimating the accuracy of Russian palaeotemperature reconstructions, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol., 121, 221–237, 1996.
Klitgaard-Kristensen, D., Sejrup, H. P., and Haflidason, H.: The last 18 kyr fluctuations in Norwegian sea surface conditions and implications for the magnitude of climatic change: Evidence from the North Sea, Paleoceanogr., 16, 455–467, 2001.
Koerner, R. M.: Mass balance of glaciers in the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Nunavut, Canada, Ann. Glaciol., 42, 417–423, 2005.
Korhola, A., Weckström, J., Holmström, L., and Erästö, P.: A quantitative Holocene climatic record from diatoms in northern Fennoscandia, Quat. Res., 54, 284–294, 2000.
Korhola, A., Vasko, K., Toivonen, H. T. T., and Olander, H.: Holocene temperature changes in northern Fennoscandia reconstructed from chironomids using Bayesian modelling, Quat. Sci. Rev., 21, 1841–1860, 2002.
Kucera, M.: Chapter six "Planktonic Foraminifera as tracers of past oceanic environments", in: Developments in Marine Geology, Vol. 1, edited by: Hillaire–Marcel, C. and de Vernal, A., Elsevier, 213–262, 2007.
Kucera, M., Weinelt, M., Kiefer, T., Pflaumann, U., Hayes, A., Weinelt, M., Chen, M.-T., Mix, A. C., Barrows, T. T., Cortijo, E., Duprat, J., Juggins, S., and Waelbroeck, C.: Reconstruction of sea-surface temperatures from assemblages of planktonic foraminifera: Multi-technique approach based on geographically constrained calibration datasets and its application to glacial Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Quat. Sci. Rev., 24, 951–998, 2005.
Kuoppamaa, M., Huusko, A., and Hicks, S.: Pinus and Betula pollen accumulation rates from the northern boreal forest as a record of interannual variation in July temperature, J. Quat. Sci., 24, 513–521, 2009.
Larocque, I. and Bigler, C.: Similarities and discrepancies between chironomid- and diatom-inferred temperature reconstructions through the Holocene at Lake 850, northern Sweden, Quat. Internat., 122, 109–121, 2004.
Larsen, D. J., Miller, G. H., Geirsdóttir, Á., and Ólafsdóttir, S.: Non-linear Holocene climate evolution in the North Atlantic: a high-resolution, multi-proxy record of glacier activity and environmental change from Hvítárvatn, central Iceland, Quat. Sci. Rev., 39, 14–25, 2012.
Lauritzen, S.-E. and Lundberg, J.: Calibration of the speleothem delta function: an absolute temperature record for the Holocene in northern Norway, Holocene, 9, 659–669, 1999.
Ledu, D. Rochon, A., de Vernal, A., and St-Onge, G.: Holocene sea-ice history and climate variability along the main axis of the Northwest Passage, Canadian Arctic, Paleoceanogr., 25, PA2213, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001817, 2010.
Leng, M. J. and Marshall, J. D.: Palaeoclimate interpretation of stable isotope data from lake sediment archives, Quat. Sci. Rev., 23, 811–831, 2004.
Levac, E.: High resolution Holocene palynological record from the Scotian Shelf, Mar. Micropaleontol., 43, 179–197, 2001.
Levac, E., de Vernal, A., and Blake, W. Jr.: Holocene paleoceanography of the northernmost Baffin Bay: palynological evidence, J. Quat. Sci., 16, 353–363, 2001.
Levy, L. B., Kaufman, D. S., and Werner, A.: Holocene glacier fluctuations, Waskey Lake, northeastern Ahklun Mountains, southwestern Alaska, Holocene, 14, 185–193, 2004.
Linderholm, H. W., Björklund, J. A., Seftigen, K., Gunnarson, B. E., Grudd, H., Jeong, J.-H., Drobyshev, I., and Liu, Y.: Dendroclimatology in Fennoscandia – from past accomplishments to future potential, Clim. Past, 6, 93–114, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-93-2010, 2010.
Linge, H., Lauritzen, S.-E., Andersson, C., Hansen, J. K., Skoglund, R. Ø., and Sundqvist, H. S.: Stable isotope records for the last 10 000 years from Okshola cave (Fauske, northern Norway) and regional comparisons, Clim. Past, 5, 667–682, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-667-2009, 2009.
Ljungqvist, F. C., Krusic, P. J., Brattström, G., and Sundqvist, H. S.: Northern Hemisphere temperature patterns in the last 12 centuries, Clim. Past, 8, 227–249, 2012.
Lloyd, J. M., Kuijpers, A., Long, A., Moros, M., and Park, L. A.: Foraminiferal reconstruction of mid- to late-Holocene ocean circulation and climate variability in Disko Bugt, West Greenland, Holocene, 17, 1079–1091, 2007.
MacDonald, G. M.: Postglacial vegetation history of the Mackenzie River Basin, Quat. Res., 28, 245–262, 1987.
MacDonald, G. M., Edwards, T. W. D., Moser, K. A., Pienitz, R., and Smol, J. P.: Rapid response of treeline vegetation and lakes to past climate warming, Nature, 361, 243–246, 1993.
MacDonald, G. M., Porinchu, D. F., Rolland, N., Krementsky, K. V. and Kaufman, D. S.: Paleolimnological evidence of the response of the central Canadian treeline zone to radiative forcing and hemispheric patterns of temperature change over the past 2000 years, J. Paleolimnol., 41, 129–141, 2009.
Mann, D. H., Heiser, P. A., and Finney, B. P.: Holocene history of the Great Kobuk sand dunes, northwestern Alaska, Quat. Sci. Rev., 21, 709–731, 2002.
Marchal, O., Cacho, I., Stocker, T. F., Grimalt, J. O., Calvo, E., Martrat, B., Shackleton, N., Vautravers, M., Cortijo, E., van Kreveld, S., Andersson, C., Koç, N., Chapman, M., Sbaffi, L., Duplessy, J.-C., Sarnthein, M., Turon, J.-L., Duprat, J., and Jansen, E.: Apparent long-term cooling of the sea surface in the northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean during the Holocene, Quat. Sci. Rev., 21, 455–483, 2002.
Marcott, S. A., Shakun, J. D., Clark, P. U., and Mix, A. C.: A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11 300 years, Science, 339, 1198–1201, 2013.
Massa, C., Perren, B. B., Gauthier, E., Bichet, V., Petit, C., and Richard, H.: A multiproxy evaluation of Holocene environmental change from Lake Igaliku, South Greenland, J. Paleolimnol., 4, 241–258, 2012.
McDermot, F. M.: Palaeo-climate reconstruction from stable isotope variations in speleothems: a review, Quat. Sci. Rev., 23, 901–918, 2004.
McDermot, F. M., Atkinson, T. C., Fairchild, I. J., Baldini, L. M., and Mattey, D. P.: A first evaluation of the spatial gradients in δ18O recorded by European Holocene speleothems, Global Planet. Change, 79, 275–287, 2010.
McKay, J. L., de Vernal, A., Hillaire-Marcel, C., Not, C., Polyak, L., and Darby, D.: Holocene fluctuations in Arctic sea-ice cover: Dinocyst-based reconstructions for the eastern Chukchi Sea, Can. J. Earth Sci., 45, 1377–1397, 2008.
McKay, N. and Kaufman, D.: Holocene climate and glacier variability at Hallet and Greyling Lakes, Chugach Mountains, south-central Alaska, J. Paleolimnol., 41, 143–159, 2009.
McKay, N., Ault, T. R., and St. George, S.: Improving access to the global paleoclimate dataset through the development of a virtual paleoclimate laboratory in R (vplR), 2nd International Climate Informatics Workshop, Boulder, Colorado, 2012.
Michelutti, N., Wolfe, A. P., Vinebrooke, R. D., Rivard, B., and Briner, J. B.: Recent primary production increases in arctic lakes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L199715, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023693, 2005.
Michelutti, N., Blais, J. M., Cumming, B. F., Paterson, A. M., Rühland, K., Wolfe, A. P., and Smol, J. P.: Do spectrally inferred determinations of chlorophyll a reflect trends in lake trophic status?, J. Paleolimnol., 43, 205–217, 2010.
Miller, G. H., Wolfe, A. P., Briner, J. P., Sauer, P. E., and Nesje, A.: Holocene glaciation and climate evolution of Baffin Island, Arctic Canada, Quat. Sci. Rev., 24, 1703–1721, 2005.
Müller, J., Werner, K., Stein, R., Fahl, K., Moros, M., and Jansen, E.: Holocene cooling culminates in sea ice oscillations in Fram Strait, Quat. Sci. Rev., 47, 1–14, 2012.
Nesje, A. and Matthews, J. A.: The Briksdalsbre Event: A winter precipitation-induced decadal-scale glacial advance in southern Norway in the ad 1990s and its implications, Holocene, 22, 249–261, 2012.
Nesje, A., Matthews, J. A., Dahl, S. O., Berrisford, M. S., and Andersson, C.: Holocene glacier fluctuations of Flatebreen and winter-precipitation changes in the Jostedalsbreen region, western Norvay, based on glaciolacustrine sediment records, Holocene, 11, 267–280, 2001.
North Greenland Ice-Core Project (NorthGRIP) Members,: High resolution climate record of the Northern Hemisphere reaching into the last Glacial Interglacial Period, Nature, 431, 147–151, 2004.
Ojala, A. E. K., Alenius, T., Seppä, H., and Giesecke, T.: Integrated varve and pollen-based temperature reconstruction from Finland: evidence for Holocene seasonal temperature patterns at high latitudes, Holocene, 18, 529–538, 2008.
Ólafsdóttir, S., Jennings, A. E., Geirsdóttir, Á., Andrews, J., and Miller, G. H.: Holocene variability of the North Atlantic Irminger current on the south- and northwest shelf of Iceland, Mar. Micropaleontol., 77, 101–118, 2010.
Olsen, J., Björck, S., Leng, M. J., Gudmundsdottir, E. R., Odgaard, B. V., Lutz, C. M., Kendrick, C. P., Andersen, T. J., and Seidenkrantz, M.-S.: Lacustrine evidence of Holocene environmental change from three Faroese lakes: a multproxy XRF and stable isotope study, Quat. Sci. Rev., 29, 2764–2780, 2010.
Overpeck, J. T., Meehl, G. A., Bondy, S., and Easterling, D. R.: Climate data challenges in the 21st centry, Science, 331, 700–702, 2011.
Peros, M. C. and Gajewski, K.: Holocene climate and vegetation change on Victoria Island, western Canadian Arctic, Quat. Sci. Rev., 27, 235–249, 2008.
Peros, M., Gajewski, K., Paull, T., Ravindra, R., and Podritske, B.: Multi-proxy record of postglacial environmental change, south-central Melville Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, Quat. Res., 73, 247–258, 2010.
Perren, B., Anderson, N. J., Douglas, M. V., and Fritz, S.: The influence of temperature, moisture, and eolian activity on Holocene lake development in West Greenland, J. Paleolimnol., 48, 223–239, 2012.
Pienitz, R., Smol, J. P., and MacDonald, G. M.: Paleolimnological reconstruction of Holocene climatic trends from two boreal treeline lakes, Northwest Territories, Canada, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 31, 82–93, 1999.
Risebrobakken, B., Jansen, E., Andersson, C., Mjelde, E., and Hevrøy, K.: A high-resolution study of Holocene paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic changes in the Nordic Seas, Paleoceanogr., 18, 1017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000764, 2003.
Rosell-Melé, A. and McClymont, E.: Chapter eleven — Biomarkers as paleoceanographic proxies, in: Developments in Marine Geology, Vol. 1, edited by: Hillaire–Marcel, C. and de Vernal, A.,Elsevier, 441–490, 2007.
Rosén, P., Segerström, U., Eriksson, L., Renberg, I., and Birks, H. J. B.: Holocene climatic change reconstructed from diatoms, chironomids, pollen and near-infrared spectroscopy at an alpine lake (Sjuodjijaure) in northern Sweden, Holocene, 11, 551–562, 2001.
Rosenthal, Y.: Chapter nineteen — Elemental proxies for reconstructing Cenozoic seawater paleotemperatures from calcareous fossils, in: Developments in Marine Geology, Vol. 1, edited by: Hillaire–Marcel, C. and de Vernal, A., Elsevier, 765–797, 2007.
Rouillard, A., Rosén, P., Douglas, M. S. V., Pienitz, R., and Smol, J. P.: A model for inferring lakewater dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in lakewater from visible-near-infrared spectroscopy (VNIRS) measures in lake sediment, J. Paleolimnol., 46, 187–202, 2011.
Rouillard, A., Michelutti, N., Douglas, M. S. V., and Smol, J. P.: Using paleolimnology to track Holocene climate fluctuations and aquatic ontogeny in poorly buffered High Arctic lakes, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol., 321/322, 1–15, 2012.
Rühland, K., Paterson, A. M., and Smol, J. P.: Hemispheric-scale patterns of climate-related shifts in planktonic diatoms from North American and European lakes, Global Change Biol., 14, 2740–2754, 2008.
Sachse D., Billault I., and Bowen, G. J.: Molecular paleohydrology: Interpreting the hydrogen-isotopic composition of lipid biomarkers from photosynthesizing organisms, Ann. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 40, 221–249, 2012.
Sagarin, R. and Micheli, F.: Climate change in nontraditional data sets, Science, 26, 811–811, 2001.
Salonen, J. S., Seppä, H., Väliranta, M., Jones, V. J., Self, A., Heikkilä, M., Kultti, S., and Yang, H.: The Holocene thermal maximum and late-Holocene cooling in the tundra of NE European Russia, Quat. Res., 75, 501–511, 2011.
Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. and Seppä, H.: Abrupt and consistent responses of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems to the 8200 cal. year cold event: a lacustrine record from Lake Arapisto, Finland, Holocene, 17, 457–467, 2007.
Sarnthein, M., Van Kreveld, S., Erlenkeuser, H., Grootes, P. M., Kucera, M., Pflaumann, U., and Schulz, M.: Centennial-to-millennial-scale periodicities of Holocene climate and sediment injections off the western Barents shelf, 75° N, Boreas, 32, 447–461, 2003.
Sawada, M., Gajewski, K., de Vernal, A., and Richard, P.: Comparison of marine and terrestrial Holocene climate reconstructions from northeastern North America, Holocene, 9, 267–277, 1999.
Schiff, C. J., Kaufman, D. S., Wolfe, A., Dodd, J., and Sharp, Z.: Late Holocene storm-trajectory changes inferred from the oxygen isotope composition of lake diatoms, south Alaska, J. Paleolimnol., 41, 189–208, 2009.
Schmidt, S., Wagner, B., Heiri, O., Klug, M., Bennike, O. L. E., and Melles, M.: Chironomids as indicators of the Holocene climatic and environmental history of two lakes in Northeast Greenland, Boreas, 40, 116–130, 2011.
Seidenkrantz, M.-S.: Benthic foraminifera as palaeo sea-ice indicators in the subarctic realm examples from the Labrador Sea–Baffin Bay region, Quat. Sci. Rev., 79, 135–144, 2013.
Sejrup, H. P., Birks, H. J. B., Klitgaard-Kristensen, D., and Madsen, H.: Benthonic foraminiferal distributions and quantitative transfer functions for the northwest European continental margin, Mar. Micropaleontol., 53, 197–226, 2004a.
Sejrup, H. P., Haflidason, H., Hjelstuen, B. O., Nygård, A., Bryn, P., and Lien, R.: Pleistocene development of the SE Nordic Seas margin, Mar. Geol., 213, 169–200, 2004b.
Sejrup, H. P., Haflidason, H., and Andrews, J. T.: A Holocene North Atlantic SST record and regional climate variability, Quat. Sci. Rev., 30, 3181–3195, 2011.
Seppä, H. and Birks, H. J. B.: July mean temperature and annual precipitation trends during the Holocene in the Fennoscandian tree-line area: pollen-based climate reconstructions, Holocene, 11, 527–539, 2001.
Seppä, H. and Birks, H. J. B.: Holocene climate reconstructions from the Fennoscandian tree-line area based on pollen data from Toskaljävri, Quat. Res., 57, 191–199, 2002.
Seppä, H. and Poska, A.: Holocene annual mean temperature changes in Estonia and their relationship to solar insolation and atmospheric circulation patterns, Quat. Res., 61, 22–31, 2004.
Seppä, H., Nyman, M., Korhola, A., and Weckström, J.: Changes of treelines and alpine vegetation in relation to post-glacial climate dynamics in northern Fennoscandia based on pollen and chironomid records, J. Quat. Sci., 17, 287–301, 2002.
Seppä, H., Hammarlund, D., and Antonsson, K.: Low-frequency and high-frequency changes in temperature and effective humidity during the Holocene in south-central Sweden: implications for atmospheric and oceanic forcings of climate, Clim. Dynam., 25, 285–297, 2005.
Seppä, H., MacDonald, G. M., Birks, H. J. B., Gervais, B. R., and Snyder, J. A.: Late-Quaternary summer temperature changes in the northern-European tree-line region, Quat. Res., 69, 404–412, 2008.
Seppä, H., Bjune, A. E., Telford, R. J., Birks, H. J. B., and Veski, S.: Last nine-thousand years of temperature variability in Northern Europe, Clim. Past, 5, 523–535, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-523-2009, 2009.
Shemesh, A., Rosqvist, G., Rietti-Shati, M., Rubensdotter, L., Bigler, C., Yam, R., and Karlén, W.: Holocene climatic change in Swedish Lapland inferred from an oxygen-isotope record of lacustrine biogenic silica, Holocene, 11, 447–454, 2001.
Smith, L. M., Andrews, J. T., Castañeda, I. S., Kristjánsdóttir, G. B., Jennings, A. E., and Sveinbjörnsdóttir, Á. E.: Temperature reconstructions for SW and N Iceland waters over the last 10 cal ka based on δ18O records from planktic and benthic Foraminifera, Quat. Sci. Rev., 24, 1723–1740, 2005.
Smol, J. P.: Paleoclimate proxy data from freshwater arctic diatoms, Verh. Internat. Verin. Limnol., 23, 837–844, 1988.
Smol, J. P. and Douglas, M. S. V.: From controversy to consensus: making the case for recent climatic change in the Arctic using lake sediments, Front. Ecol. Environ., 5, 466–474, 2007.
Smol, J. P., Wolfe, A. P., Birks, H. J. B., Douglas, M. S. V., Jones, V. J., Korhola, A., Pienitz, R., Rühland, K., Sanna Sorvari, S., Antoniades, D., Brooks, S. J., Fallu, M. A., Hughes, M., Keatley, B. E., Laing, T. E., Michelutti, N., Nazarova, L., Nyman, M., Paterson, A. M., Perren, B., Quinlan, R., Rautio, M., Saulnier-Talbot, E., Siitonen, S., Solovieva, N., and Weckström, J.: Climate-driven regime shifts in the biological communities of arctic lakes, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 4397–4402, 2005.
Solignac, S., Giraudeau, J., and de Vernal, A.: Holocene sea surface conditions in the western North Atlantic: spatial and temporal heterogeneities, Paleoceanogr., 21, PA2004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001175, 2006.
Solovieva, N., Tarasov, P. E., and MacDonald, G.: Quantitative reconstruction of Holocene climate from the Chuna Lake pollen record, Kola Peninsula, northwest Russia, Holocene, 15, 141–148, 2005.
St. Amour, N. A., Hammarlund, D. A. N., Edwards, T. W. D., and Wolfe, B. B.: New insights into Holocene atmospheric circulation dynamics in central Scandinavia inferred from oxygen-isotope records of lake-sediment cellulose, Boreas, 39, 770–782, 2010.
Sundqvist, H. S., Zhang, Q., Moberg, A., Holmgren, K., Körnich, H., Nilsson, J., and Brattström, G.: Climate change between the mid and late Holocene in northern high latitudes – Part 1: Survey of temperature and precipitation proxy data, Clim. Past, 6, 591–608, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-591-2010, 2010.
Sundqvist, H. S., Kaufman, D. S., McKay, N. P., Balascio, N. L., Briner, J. P., Cwynar, L. C., Sejrup, H. P., Seppä, H., Subetto, D. A., Andrews, J. T., Axford, Y., Bakke, J., Birks, H. J. B., Brooks, S. J., de Vernal, A., Jennings, A. E., Ljungqvist, F. C., Rühland, K. M., Saenger, C., Smol, J. P., and Viau, A. E.: Arctic Holocene proxy climate database – new approaches to assessing geochronological accuracy and encoding climate variables, Clim. Past Discuss., 10, 1–63, https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-10-1-2014, 2014.
Szeicz, J. M., MacDonald, G. M., and Duk-Rodkin, A.: Late Quatarny vegetation history of the central Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada, Palaeogeog., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol., 113, 351–371, 1995.
Thomas, E. K., Szymanski, J., and Briner, J. P.: Holocene alpine glaciation inferred from lacustrine sediments on northeastern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada, J. Quat. Sci., 25, 146–161, 2010.
Thornalley, D. J. R., Elderfield, H., and McCave, I. N.: Holocene oscillations in temperature and salinity of the surface subpolar North Atlantic, Nature, 457, 711–714, 2009.
Tillman, P. K., Holzkämper, S., Kuhry, P., Sannel, A. B. K., Loader, N. J., and Robertson, I.: Long-term climate variability in continental subarctic Canada: A 6200-year record derived from stable isotopes in peat, Palaeogeog., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol., 298, 235–246, 2010.
Tingley, M. P., Craigmile, P.F., Haran, M., Li, B., Mannshardt, E., and Rajaratnam, B.: Piecing together the past: statistical insights into paleoclimatic reconstructions, Quat. Sci. Rev., 35, 1–22, 2012.
Vare, L. L., Massé, G., Gregory, T. R., Smart, C. W., and Belt, S. T.: Sea ice variations in the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago during the Holocene, Quat. Sci. Rev., 28, 1354–1366, 2009.
Vasskog, K., Paasche, Ø., Nesje, A., Boyle, J. F., and Birks, H. J. B.: A new approach for reconstructing glacier variability based on lake sediments recording input from more than one glacier, Quat. Res., 77, 192–204, 2012.
Velle, G., Brooks, S. J., Birks, H. J. B., and Willassen, E.: Chironomids as a tool for inferring Holocene climate: an assessment based on six sites in southern Scandinavia, Quat. Sci. Rev., 24, 1429–1462, 2005.
Viau, A. E. and Gajewski, K.: Reconstructing millennial-scale, regional paleoclimates of boreal Canada during the Holocene, J. Climate., 22, 316–330, 2009.
Vinther, B. M., Andersen, K. K., Jones, P. D., Briffa, K. R., and Cappelen, J.: Extending Greenland temperature records into the late eighteenth century, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D11105, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006810, 2006.
Vinther, B. M., Clausen, H. B., Fisher, D. A., Koerner, R. M., Johnsen, S. J., Andersen, K. K., Dahl-Jensen, D., Rasmussen, S. O., Steffensen, J. P., and Svensson, A. M.: Synchronizing ice cores from the Renland and Agassiz ice caps to the Greenland ice core chronology, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D08115, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009143, 2008.
Vinther, B. M., Buchardt, S. L., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Johnsen, S. J., Fisher, D. A., Koerner, R. M., Raynaud, D., Lipenkov, V., Andersen, K. K., Blunier, T., Rasmussen, S. O., Steffensen, J. P., and Svensson, A. M.: Holocene thinning of the Greenland ice sheet, Nature, 461, 385–388, 2009.
Vinther, B. M., Dahl-Jensen, D., Johnsen, S. J., Jones, P., Briffa, K. R., Clausen, H. B., and Andersen, K. K.: Climatic signals in multiple highly resolved stable isotope records from Greenland, Quat. Sci. Rev., 29, 522–538, 2010.
von Storch, H. , Zorita, E., Jones, J. M., Dimitriev, Y., González-Rouco, F., and Tett, S. F. B.: Reconstructing past climate from noisy data, Science, 306, 679–682, 2004.
Voronina, E., Polyak, L., de Vernal, A., and Peyron, O.: Holocene variations of sea-surface conditions in the southeastern Barents Sea, reconstructed from dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, J. Quat. Sci., 16, 717–727, 2001.
Vorren, K.-D., Blaauw, M., Wastegård, S., Plicht, J. V. D., and Jensen, C.: High-resolution stratigraphy of the northernmost concentric raised bog in Europe: Sellevollmyra, Andøya, northern Norway, Boreas, 36, 253–277, 2007.
Vorren, K.-D., Jensen, C. E., and Nilssen, E.: Climate changes during the last ca. 7500 years as recorded by the degree of peat humification in the Lofoten region, Norway, Boreas, 41, 13–30, 2012.
Walker, I. R.: Midges: Chironomidae and related Diptera, in: Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, Vol. 4, Zoological Indicators, edited by: Smol, J. P., Birks, H. J. B. and Last, W. M., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 43–66, 2001.
Willemse, N. W. and Törnqvist, T. E.: Holocene century-scale temperature variability from West Greenland lake records, Geology, 27, 580–584, 1999.
Wolfe, B. B., Edwards, T. W. D., Aravena, R., and MacDonald, G. M.: Rapid Holocene hydrologic change along boreal treeline revealed by δ13C and δ18O in organic lake sediments, Northwest Territories, Canada, J. Paleolimnol., 15, 171–181, 1996.
Wolfe, B. B., Edwards, T. W. D., Aravena, R., Forman, S. L., Warner, B. G., Velichko, A. A., and MacDonald, G. M.: Holocene paleohydrology and paleoclimate at treeline, north-central Russia, inferred from oxygen isotope records in lake sediment cellulose, Quat. Res., 53, 319–329, 2000.
Wolfe, A. P., Miller, G. H., Olsen, C. A., Forman, S. L., Doran, P. T., and Holmgren, S. U.: Geochronology of high latitude lake sediments, in: Long-term Environmental Change in Arctic and Antarctic Lakes, edited by: Pienitz, R. M. S., Douglas, V., Smol, J. P., 19–52, 2004.
Wooller, M. J., Kurek, J., Gaglioti, B. V., Cwynar, L. C., Bigelow, N., Reuther, J. D., Gelvin-Reymiller, C., and Smol, J. P.: An 1 200 year paleolimnological perspective for emerging archaeological findings at Quartz Lake, Alaska, J. Paleolimnol., 48, 83–99, 2012.
Zabenskie, S. and Gajewski, K.: Post-glacial climatic change on Boothia Peninsula, Nunavut, Canada, Quat. Res. 68, 261–270, 2007.
