- Article
(2519 KB) - Metadata XML
- Articles & preprints
- Medallist papers
- Submission
- Policies
- Peer review
- Editorial board
- About
- EGU publications
- Manuscript tracking
Journal cover
Journal topic
Climate of the Past
An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union
Journal topic
- Articles & preprints
- Medallist papers
- Submission
- Policies
- Peer review
- Editorial board
- About
- EGU publications
- Manuscript tracking
Journal metrics
IF3.536
IF 5-year
3.967
3.967
CiteScore
6.6
6.6
SNIP1.262
IPP3.90
SJR2.185
Scimago H
index71
index71
h5-index40
Abstracted/indexed
Abstracted/indexed
Articles | Volume 9, issue 3
Clim. Past, 9, 1153–1160, 2013
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1153-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Clim. Past, 9, 1153–1160, 2013
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1153-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article 27 May 2013
Research article | 27 May 2013
Temperature changes over the past 2000 yr in China and comparison with the Northern Hemisphere
Q. Ge et al.
Related authors
Fengshan Liu, Ying Chen, Nini Bai, Dengpan Xiao, Huizi Bai, Fulu Tao, and Quansheng Ge
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-388, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-388, 2020
Revised manuscript under review for BG
Short summary
Short summary
The sowing date is the key to the surface biophysical processes in winter dormancy period. The climate effect of sowing date shift is therefore very interesting and may contributed to the mitigation of climate change. Earlier sowing date always had higher LAI, but higher temperature in the dormancy and lower temperature in the growth period. The main reason was the relative contributions of surface albedo process and energy partitioning process.
Mei Hou, Wenxiang Wu, David J. Cohen, Yang Zhou, Zhaoqi Zeng, Han Huang, Hongbo Zheng, and Quansheng Ge
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-89, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-89, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Past climate change is of great scientific interest to deal with increasing global warmth. In this paper, we compile 47 paleoclimate records from locations around the world to document a climate anomaly at 7.5–7.0 cal ka BP (1 cal ka BP=1000 calibrated years before present). The synthesis suggests that the 7.5–7.0 cal ka BP event is of worldwide significance and four possible forcing mechanisms responsible for it, including orbital forcing, solar activity, volcanic eruption, and meltwater flux.
Fengshan Liu, Ying Chen, Nini Bai, Dengpan Xiao, Huizi Bai, Fulu Tao, and Quansheng Ge
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-388, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-388, 2020
Revised manuscript under review for BG
Short summary
Short summary
The sowing date is the key to the surface biophysical processes in winter dormancy period. The climate effect of sowing date shift is therefore very interesting and may contributed to the mitigation of climate change. Earlier sowing date always had higher LAI, but higher temperature in the dormancy and lower temperature in the growth period. The main reason was the relative contributions of surface albedo process and energy partitioning process.
Zhixin Hao, Maowei Wu, Jingyun Zheng, Jiewei Chen, Xuezhen Zhang, and Shiwei Luo
Clim. Past, 16, 101–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-101-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-101-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Using reconstructed extreme drought/flood chronologies and grain harvest series derived from historical documents, it is found that the frequency of reporting of extreme droughts in any subregion of eastern China was significantly associated with lower reconstructed harvests during 801–1910. The association was weak during the warm epoch of 920–1300 but strong during the cold epoch of 1310–1880, which indicates that a warm climate might weaken the impact of extreme drought on poor harvests.
Mei Hou, Wenxiang Wu, David J. Cohen, Yang Zhou, Zhaoqi Zeng, Han Huang, Hongbo Zheng, and Quansheng Ge
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-89, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-89, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Past climate change is of great scientific interest to deal with increasing global warmth. In this paper, we compile 47 paleoclimate records from locations around the world to document a climate anomaly at 7.5–7.0 cal ka BP (1 cal ka BP=1000 calibrated years before present). The synthesis suggests that the 7.5–7.0 cal ka BP event is of worldwide significance and four possible forcing mechanisms responsible for it, including orbital forcing, solar activity, volcanic eruption, and meltwater flux.
Jingyun Zheng, Yingzhuo Yu, Xuezhen Zhang, and Zhixin Hao
Clim. Past, 14, 1135–1145, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1135-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1135-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the decadal variations of extreme droughts and floods in North China using a 17-site seasonal precipitation reconstruction from a unique historical archive. Then, the link of extreme droughts and floods with ENSO episodes and large volcanic eruptions was discussed. This study helps us understand whether the recent extreme events observed by instruments exceed the natural variability at a regional scale, which may be useful for adaptation to extremes and disasters in the future.
J. Zheng, Z. Hua, Y. Liu, and Z. Hao
Clim. Past, 11, 1553–1561, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1553-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1553-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we reconstruct the annual temperature anomalies in South Central China from 1850 to 2008, using phenodates of plants, snowfall days, and five tree-ring width chronologies. It is found that rapid warming has occurred since the 1990s, with an abrupt change around 1997, leading to unprecedented variability in warming; a cold interval dominated the 1860s, 1890s, and 1950s; warm decades occurred around 1850, 1870, and 1960; and the warmest decades were the 1990s–2000s.
Y. Zhang, X. M. Shao, Z.-Y. Yin, and Y. Wang
Clim. Past, 10, 1763–1778, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1763-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1763-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Proxy Use-Development-Validation | Archive: Historical Records | Timescale: Centennial-Decadal
Reassessing long-term drought risk and societal impacts in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, north-east China (1200–2015)
Climate records in ancient Chinese diaries and their application in historical climate reconstruction – a case study of Yunshan Diary
Reconstructions of droughts in Germany since 1500 – combining hermeneutic information and instrumental records in historical and modern perspectives
A survey of the impact of summer droughts in southern and eastern England, 1200–1700
A 424-year tree-ring-based Palmer Drought Severity Index reconstruction of Cedrus deodara D. Don from the Hindu Kush range of Pakistan: linkages to ocean oscillations
Droughts in the area of Poland in recent centuries in the light of multi-proxy data
Rogation ceremonies: a key to understanding past drought variability in northeastern Spain since 1650
The longest homogeneous series of grape harvest dates, Beaune 1354–2018, and its significance for the understanding of past and present climate
The weather behind words – new methodologies for integrated hydrometeorological reconstruction through documentary sources
Extreme droughts and human responses to them: the Czech Lands in the pre-instrumental period
Documentary data and the study of past droughts: a global state of the art
A 414-year tree-ring-based April–July minimum temperature reconstruction and its implications for the extreme climate events, northeast China
Streamflow variability over the 1881–2011 period in northern Québec: comparison of hydrological reconstructions based on tree rings and geopotential height field reanalysis
Temperature changes derived from phenological and natural evidence in South Central China from 1850 to 2008
Droughts in the Czech Lands, 1090–2012 AD
Multi-periodic climate dynamics: spectral analysis of long-term instrumental and proxy temperature records
An open-access database of grape harvest dates for climate research: data description and quality assessment
Winter temperature variations over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River since 1736 AD
Assessing extreme droughts in Spain during 1750–1850 from rogation ceremonies
Continental atmospheric circulation over Europe during the Little Ice Age inferred from grape harvest dates
Hydrometeorological extremes derived from taxation records for south-eastern Moravia, Czech Republic, 1751–1900 AD
A shift in the spatial pattern of Iberian droughts during the 17th century
LingYun Tang, Neil Macdonald, Heather Sangster, Richard Chiverrell, and Rachel Gaulton
Clim. Past, 16, 1917–1935, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1917-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1917-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A historical drought series (since 1200 CE) for Shenyang, NE China, shows 20th century droughts comparable in magnitude to recent severe droughts. Drought resilience driven by early 20th century societal/cultural changes reduced loss of life compared with the 1887 and 1891 droughts. A longer temporal analysis from integrated precipitation and historical records shows an earlier onset to droughts. Regional standardised precipitation indices could provide early warnings for drought development.
Siying Chen, Yun Su, Xiuqi Fang, and Jia He
Clim. Past, 16, 1873–1887, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1873-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1873-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Private diaries are important sources of historical data for research on climate change. Through a case study of Yunshan Diary, authored by Bi Guo of the Yuan dynasty of China, this article demonstrates how to delve into climate information in ancient diaries, mainly including species distribution records, phenological records and daily weather descriptions. This article considers how to use these records to reconstruct climate change and extreme climatic events on various timescales.
Rüdiger Glaser and Michael Kahle
Clim. Past, 16, 1207–1222, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1207-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1207-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A new study on droughts in Germany since 1500 reveals the long-term trend of single extreme events, as well as drier periods. Extreme droughts appeared in 1540, 1590, 1615, 1706, 1834, 1893, 1921, 1949 and 2018. Like today, droughts had manifold impacts such as harvest failures, water deficits, low water levels and forest fires. This had different societal consequences ranging from famine, disease, rising prices, migration and riots leading to subsidies and discussions on climate change.
Kathleen Pribyl
Clim. Past, 16, 1027–1041, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1027-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1027-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Droughts pose a climatic hazard that can have a profound impacts on past societies. Using documentary sources, this paper studies the occurrence and impacts of spring–summer droughts in pre-industrial England from 1200 to 1700. The impacts most relevant to human livelihood, including the agricultural and pastoral sectors of agrarian production, and public health are evaluated.
Sarir Ahmad, Liangjun Zhu, Sumaira Yasmeen, Yuandong Zhang, Zongshan Li, Sami Ullah, Shijie Han, and Xiaochun Wang
Clim. Past, 16, 783–798, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-783-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-783-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides the opportunity to extend climatic records to preindustrial periods in northern Pakistan. The reconstructed March–August PDSIs for the past 424 years, going back to 1593 CE, enable scientists to know how these areas were prone to climatic extremes in the past. The instrumental data are limited in Pakistan; however, the Cedrus deodara tree that preserves physical characteristics of past climatic variabilities can provide insight into the trend of climatic changes.
Rajmund Przybylak, Piotr Oliński, Marcin Koprowski, Janusz Filipiak, Aleksandra Pospieszyńska, Waldemar Chorążyczewski, Radosław Puchałka, and Henryk Paweł Dąbrowski
Clim. Past, 16, 627–661, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-627-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-627-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents the main features of droughts in Poland in the period 996–2015 based on proxy data (documentary and dendrochronological) and instrumental measurements of precipitation. More than 100 droughts were found in documentary sources from the mid-15th century to the end of the 18th century with a maximum in the second halves of the 17th and, particularly, the 18th century. The long-term frequency of droughts in Poland has been stable for the last two or three centuries.
Ernesto Tejedor, Martín de Luis, Mariano Barriendos, José María Cuadrat, Jürg Luterbacher, and Miguel Ángel Saz
Clim. Past, 15, 1647–1664, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1647-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1647-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new dataset of historical documents by compiling records (rogation ceremonies) from 13 cities in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula (IP). These records were transformed into quantitative continuous data to develop drought indices (DIs). We regionalized them by creating three DIs (Ebro Valle, Mediterranean, and Mountain), which cover the period from 1650 to 1899 CE. We identified extreme drought years and periods which help to understand climate variability in the IP.
Thomas Labbé, Christian Pfister, Stefan Brönnimann, Daniel Rousseau, Jörg Franke, and Benjamin Bois
Clim. Past, 15, 1485–1501, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1485-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1485-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we present the longest grape harvest date (GHD) record reconstructed to date, i.e. Beaune (France, Burgundy) 1354–2018. Drawing on unedited archive material, the series is validated using the long Paris temperature series that goes back to 1658 and was used to assess April-to-July temperatures from 1354 to 2018. The distribution of extremely early GHD is uneven over the 664-year-long period of the series and mirrors the rapid global warming from 1988 to 2018.
Salvador Gil-Guirado, Juan José Gómez-Navarro, and Juan Pedro Montávez
Clim. Past, 15, 1303–1325, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1303-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1303-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The historical climatology has remarkable research potentialities. However, historical climatology has some methodological limitations. This study presents a new methodology (COST) that allows us to perform climate reconstructions with monthly resolution. The variability of the climatic series obtained are coherent with previous studies. The new proposed method is objective and is not affected by social changes, which allows us to perform studies in regions with different languages and cultures.
Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Dobrovolný, Miroslav Trnka, Ladislava Řezníčková, Lukáš Dolák, and Oldřich Kotyza
Clim. Past, 15, 1–24, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The paper analyses extreme droughts of the pre-instrumental period (1501–1803) over the territory of the recent Czech Republic. In total, 16 droughts were selected for spring, summer and autumn each and 14 droughts for summer half-year (Apr–Sep). They are characterized by very low values of drought indices, high temperatures, low precipitation and by the influence of high-pressure situations. Selected extreme droughts are described in more detail. Effect of droughts on grain prices are studied.
Rudolf Brázdil, Andrea Kiss, Jürg Luterbacher, David J. Nash, and Ladislava Řezníčková
Clim. Past, 14, 1915–1960, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1915-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1915-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a worldwide state of the art of droughts fluctuations based on documentary data. It gives an overview of achievements related to different kinds of documentary evidence with their examples and an overview of papers presenting long-term drought chronologies over the individual continents, analysis of the most outstanding drought events, the influence of external forcing and large-scale climate drivers, and human impacts and responses. It recommends future research directions.
Shanna Lyu, Zongshan Li, Yuandong Zhang, and Xiaochun Wang
Clim. Past, 12, 1879–1888, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1879-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1879-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a 414-year growing season minimum temperature reconstruction based on Korean pine tree-ring series at Laobai Mountain, northeast China. It developed a more than 400-year climate record in this area for the first time. This reconstruction showed six cold periods, seven warm periods, and natural disaster records of extreme climate events.
Pierre Brigode, François Brissette, Antoine Nicault, Luc Perreault, Anna Kuentz, Thibault Mathevet, and Joël Gailhard
Clim. Past, 12, 1785–1804, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1785-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1785-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we apply a new hydro-climatic reconstruction method on the Caniapiscau Reservoir (Canada), compare the obtained streamflow time series against time series derived from dendrohydrology by other authors on the same catchment, and study the natural streamflow variability over the 1881–2011 period. This new reconstruction is based on a historical reanalysis of global geopotential height fields and aims to produce daily streamflow time series (using a rainfall–runoff model).
J. Zheng, Z. Hua, Y. Liu, and Z. Hao
Clim. Past, 11, 1553–1561, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1553-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1553-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we reconstruct the annual temperature anomalies in South Central China from 1850 to 2008, using phenodates of plants, snowfall days, and five tree-ring width chronologies. It is found that rapid warming has occurred since the 1990s, with an abrupt change around 1997, leading to unprecedented variability in warming; a cold interval dominated the 1860s, 1890s, and 1950s; warm decades occurred around 1850, 1870, and 1960; and the warmest decades were the 1990s–2000s.
R. Brázdil, P. Dobrovolný, M. Trnka, O. Kotyza, L. Řezníčková, H. Valášek, P. Zahradníček, and P. Štěpánek
Clim. Past, 9, 1985–2002, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1985-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1985-2013, 2013
H.-J. Lüdecke, A. Hempelmann, and C. O. Weiss
Clim. Past, 9, 447–452, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-447-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-447-2013, 2013
V. Daux, I. Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, P. Yiou, I. Chuine, E. Garnier, E. Le Roy Ladurie, O. Mestre, and J. Tardaguila
Clim. Past, 8, 1403–1418, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1403-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1403-2012, 2012
Z.-X. Hao, J.-Y. Zheng, Q.-S. Ge, and W.-C. Wang
Clim. Past, 8, 1023–1030, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1023-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1023-2012, 2012
F. Domínguez-Castro, P. Ribera, R. García-Herrera, J. M. Vaquero, M. Barriendos, J. M. Cuadrat, and J. M. Moreno
Clim. Past, 8, 705–722, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-705-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-705-2012, 2012
P. Yiou, I. García de Cortázar-Atauri, I. Chuine, V. Daux, E. Garnier, N. Viovy, C. van Leeuwen, A. K. Parker, and J.-M. Boursiquot
Clim. Past, 8, 577–588, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-577-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-577-2012, 2012
R. Brázdil, K. Chromá, H. Valášek, and L. Dolák
Clim. Past, 8, 467–481, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-467-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-467-2012, 2012
F. Domínguez-Castro, R. García-Herrera, P. Ribera, and M. Barriendos
Clim. Past, 6, 553–563, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-553-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-553-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Aono, Y. and Kazui, K.: Phenological data series of cherry tree flowering in Kyoto, Japan, and its application to reconstruction of springtime temperatures since the 9th century, Int. J. Climatol., 28, 905–914, 2008.
Birks, H. J. B.: Quantitative paleoenvironmental reconstruction, in: Statistical Modeling of Quaternary Science Data, edited by: Maddy, D. and Brew, J. S., Cambridge, UK, 161–254, 1995.
Christiansen, B. and Ljungqvist, F. C.: The extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere temperature in the last two millennia: reconstructions of low-frequency variability, Clim. Past, 8, 765–786, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-765-2012, 2012.
Christiansen, B., Schmith, T., and Thejll, P.: A surrogate ensemble study of climate reconstruction methods: stochasticity and robustness, J. Climate, 22, 951–976, 2009.
Chu, G. Q., Sun, Q., Wang, X. H., Liu, M. M., Lin, Y., Xie, M. M., Shang, W. Y., and Liu, J. Q.: Seasonal temperature variability during the past 1600 years recorded in historical documents and varved lake sediment profiles from northeastern China, Holocene, 22, 785–792, 2012.
Chu, K.: A preliminary study on the climatic fluctuations during the last 5000 years in China, Sci. China Ser. A, 16, 226–256, 1973.
Cook, E. and PAGES Asian2k Members: Tree-ring reconstructed summer temperature anomalies for temperate East Asia since 800 C.E., Clim. Dynam., online first, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1611-x, 2013.
D'Arrigo, R., Jacoby, G., Frank, D., Pederson, N., Cook, E., Buckley, B., Nachin, B., Mijiddorj, R., and Dugarjav, C.: 1738 years of Mongolian temperature variability inferred from a tree-ring width chronology of Siberian Pine, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 543–546, 2001.
Ge, Q. S., Zheng, J. Y., Fang, X. Q., Man, Z. M., Zhang, X. Q., Zhang, P. Y., and Wang, W. C.: Winter half-year temperature reconstruction for the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and Yangtze River, China, during the past 2000 years, Holocene, 13, 933–940, 2003.
Ge, Q. S., Zheng, J. Y., Hao, Z. X., Shao, X. M., Wang, W. C., and Luterbacher, J.: Temperature variation through 2000 years in China: An uncertainty analysis of reconstruction and regional difference, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L03703, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL041281, 2010.
Hao, Z. X., Zheng, J. Y., and Ge, Q. S.: Historical analogues of the 2008 extreme snow event over Central and Southern China, Clim. Res., 50, 161–170, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01052, 2011.
Hong, Y. T., Jiang, H. B., Liu, T. S., Zhou, L. P., Beer, J., Li, H. D., Leng, X. T., Hong, B., and Qin, X. G.: Response of climate to solar forcing recorded in a 6000-year δ18O time-series of Chinese peat cellulose, Holocene, 10, 1–7, 2000.
Jansen, E., Overpeck, J., Briffa, K. R., Duplessy, J.-C., Joos, F., Masson-Delmotte, V., Olago, D., Otto-Bliesner, B., Peltier, W. R., Rahmstorf, S., Ramesh, R., Raynaud, D., Rind, D., Solomina, O., Villalba, R., and Zhang, D.: Palaeoclimate, in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 2007.
Lin, X. C., Yu, S. Q., and Tang, G. L.: Series of average air temperature over China for the last 100-year period, Scientia Atmospherica Sinica, 19, 525–534, 1995.
Liu, X. H., Qin, D. H., Shao, X. M., Chen, T., and Ren, J. W.: Temperature variations recovered from tree-rings in the middle Qilian Mountain over the last millennium, Sci. China Ser. D, 48, 521–529, 2005.
Liu, Z. H., Henderson, A. C. G., and Huang, Y. S.: Alkenone-based reconstruction of late-Holocene surface temperature and salinity changes in Lake Qinghai, China, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L09707, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026151, 2006.
Ljungqvist, F. C.: A new reconstruction of temperature variability in the extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere during the last two millennia, Geogr. Ann. A, 92, 339–351, 2010.
Mann, M. E., Zhang, Z., Hughes, M. K., Bradley, R. S., Miller, S. K., Rutherford, S., and Ni, F. B.: Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and global surface temperature variations over the past two millennia, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 105, 13252–13257, 2008.
Mann, M. E., Zhang, Z., Rutherford, S., Bradley, R. S., Hughes, M. K., Shindell, D., Ammann, C., Faluvegi, G., and Ni, F.: Global signatures and dynamical origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly, Science, 326, 1256–1260, 2009.
Matthews, J. A. and Briffa, K. R.: The "Little Ice Age": reevaluation of an evolving concept, Geogr. Ann., 87A, 17–36, 2005.
Mcshane, B. B. and Wyner, A. J.: A statistical analysis of multiple temperature proxies: Are reconstructions of surface temperatures over the last 1000 years reliable?, Ann. Appl. Stat., 5, 5–44, 2011.
Meyer, R. K. and Krueger, D. D.: A Minitab Guide to Statistics, 3rd Edn., NJ, Prentice-Hall Publishing, 448 pp., 2004.
Michaelsen, J.: Cross-validation in statistical climate forecast models, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 26, 1589–1600, 1987.
Miller, G. H., Geirsdóttir, Á., Zhong, Y. F., Larsen, D. J., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Holland, M. M., Bailey, D. A., Refsnider, K. A., Lehman, S. J., Southon, J. R., Anderson, C., Björnsson, H., and Thordarson, T.: Abrupt onset of the Little Ice Age triggered by volcanism and sustained by sea-ice/ocean feedbacks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L02708, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL050168, 2012.
National Research Council: Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2000 Years, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 141 pp., 2006.
PAGES: Science Plan and Implementation Strategy (IGBP Report No. 57), Stockholm: IGBP Secretariat, 67 pp., 2009.
PAGES 2K Consortium: Continental-scale temperature variability during the last two millennia, Nat. Geosci., 6, 339–346, 2013.
Shao, X. M. and Wu, X. D.: Tree-ring chronologies for Pinus armandi Franch from Huashan, China, Acta Geographica Sinica, 49, 174–181, 1994.
Shen, J., Zhang, E. L., and Xia, W. L.: Records from lake sediments of the Qinghai Lake to mirror climatic and environmental changes of the past about 1000 year, Quat. Sci., 21, 508–513, 2001 (in Chinese).
Shen, X. Y. and Chen, J. Q.: Grain production and climatic variation in Taihu Lake Basin, Scientia Geographica Sinica, 11, 207–212, 1991 (in Chinese).
Shi, F., Yang, B., and Von Gunten, L.: Preliminary multiproxy surface air temperature field reconstruction for China over the past millennium, Science China: Earth Sciences, 55, 2058–2067, 2012.
Tan, M., Hou, J. Z., Qin, X. G., Zhang, H. C., and Li, T. Y.: Cyclic rapid warming on centennial scale revealed by a 2650-year stalagmite record of warm season temperature, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1617–1621, 2003.
Tang, G. L., Ding, Y. H., Wang, S. W., Ren, G. Y., Liu, H. B., and Zhang, L.: Comparative analysis of the time series of surface air temperature over China for the last 100 years, Advances in Climate Change Research, 5, 71–78, 2009.
Thompson, L. G., Yao, T., Mosley-Thompson, E., Davis, M. E., Henderson, K. A., and Lin, P. N.: A high-resolution millennial record of the South Asian Monsoon from Himalayan ice cores, Science, 289, 1916–1919, 2000.
Thompson, L. G., Mosley-Thompson, E., Davis, M. E., Lin, P. N., Henderson, K., and Mashiotta, T. A.: Tropical glacier and ice core evidence of climate change on annual to millennial time scales, Climatic Change, 59, 137–155, 2003.
Thompson, L. G., Yao, T., Davis, M. E., Mosley-Thompson, E., Mashiotta, T. A., Lin, P. N., Mikhalenko, V. N., and Zagorodnov, V. S.: Holocene climate variability archived in the Puruogangri ice cap on the central Tibetan Plateau, Ann. Glaciol., 43, 61–69, 2006.
Wang, N. L., Yao, T. D., Pu, J. C., Zhang, Y. L., and Sun, W. Z.: Climatic and environmental changes over the last millennium recorded in the Malan ice core from the northern Tibetan Plateau, Sci. China Ser. D, 49, 1079–1089, 2006.
Wang, R. S. and Wang, S. W.: Reconstruction of winter temperature in east China during the last 500 years using historical documents, Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 48, 180–189, 1990 (in Chinese).
Wang, S. W., Wen, X. Y., Luo, Y., Dong, W. J., Zhao, Z. C., and Yang, B.: Reconstruction of temperature series of China for the last 1000 years, Chinese Sci. Bull., 52, 3272–3280, 2007.
Wang, S. W., Ye, J. L., and Gong, D. Y.: Climate in China during the Little Ice Age, Quat. Sci., 25, 54–621, 1998 (in Chinese).
Yang, B., Braeuning, A., Johnson, K. R., and Shi, Y. F.: General characteristics of temperature variation in China during the last two millennia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1324, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014485, 2002.
Yao, T., Thompson, L. G., Mosley-Thompson, E., Yang, Z., Zhang, X., and Lin, P.: Climatological significance of δ18O in north Tibetan ice cores, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29531–29537, 1996.
Zhang, D. E.: Winter temperature changes during the last 500 Years in South China, Chinese Sci. Bull., 6, 497–500, 1980,
Zhang, P. Y.: Climate change in China during historical times, Scientific and Technological Press, Jinan, China, 435–436, 1996.
Zhang, Y., Shao, X. M., and Yin, Z. Y.: Millennial temperature variations derived from tree-ring width chronologies at the upper treeline of the Qilian Mountains, the Tibetan Plateau, XVIII INQUA Congress, Bern, Switzerland, 21–27 July 2011, Abstract No. 1705, 2011.
Zheng, J. Y. and Zheng, S. Z.: An analysis on cold/warm and dry/wet in Shandong Province during historical times, Acta Geographica Sinica, 48, 348–357, 1993 (in Chinese).
Zheng, S. Z.: Climate in the Little Ice Age and its effects in Guangdong, China, Chinese Sci. Bull., 27, 302–304, 1982 (in Chinese).
Zhu, H. F., Zheng, Y. H., Shao, X. M., Liu, X. H., Xu, Y., and Liang, E. Y.: Millennial temperature reconstruction based on tree-ring widths of Qilian juniper from Wulan, Qinghai Province, China, Chinese Sci. Bull., 53, 3914–3920, 2008.
Climate of the Past
An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union
All site content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.