Articles | Volume 21, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2561-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2561-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
08 Dec 2025
Research article |
| 08 Dec 2025
| 08 Dec 2025
Distinct winter North Atlantic climate responses to tropical and extratropical eruptions over the last millennium in PMIP simulations and reconstructions
Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Cheng Shen
Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Raimund Muscheler
Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Short summary
Using model simulations and reconstructions over the last millennium, we identify distinct North Atlantic Oscillation-related winter climate responses following tropical versus extratropical eruptions, with improved model-data agreement in simulations that use the latest volcanic forcing. Our paleoclimate data–model comparison provides new evidence of volcanic climate impacts, which are strongly dependent on the choice of forcing dataset, model configuration, and eruption event selection.
Using model simulations and reconstructions over the last millennium, we identify distinct North...
