Climate of the Past
Climate of the Past
CP
Articles | Volume 21, issue 12
Articles | Volume 21, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2561-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2561-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 21, issue 12
Research article
 | 
08 Dec 2025
Research article |  | 08 Dec 2025

Distinct winter North Atlantic climate responses to tropical and extratropical eruptions over the last millennium in PMIP simulations and reconstructions

Qin Tao, Cheng Shen, Raimund Muscheler, and Jesper Sjolte

Viewed

Total article views: 5,412 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML PDF XML Total Supplement BibTeX EndNote
4,774 517 121 5,412 277 209 282
  • HTML: 4,774
  • PDF: 517
  • XML: 121
  • Total: 5,412
  • Supplement: 277
  • BibTeX: 209
  • EndNote: 282
Views and downloads (calculated since 22 Jul 2025)
Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 22 Jul 2025)

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 5,412 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 5,383 with geography defined and 29 with unknown origin.
Country # Views %
  • 1
1
 
 
 
 

Saved (final revised paper)

Latest update: 17 Jun 2026
Download
Short summary
Using model simulations and reconstructions over the last millennium, we identify distinct North Atlantic Oscillation-related winter climate responses following tropical versus extratropical eruptions, with improved model-data agreement in simulations that use the latest volcanic forcing. Our paleoclimate data–model comparison provides new evidence of volcanic climate impacts, which are strongly dependent on the choice of forcing dataset, model configuration, and eruption event selection.
Read more
Share