Articles | Volume 19, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1993-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1993-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 Oct 2023
Research article |
| 17 Oct 2023
| 17 Oct 2023
Bayesian age models and stacks: combining age inferences from radiocarbon and benthic δ18O stratigraphic alignment
Taehee Lee
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
Lorraine E. Lisiecki
Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
Geoffrey Gebbie
Physical Oceanography Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
Charles Lawrence
Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Christen L. Bowman, Devin S. Rand, Lorraine E. Lisiecki, and Samantha C. Bova
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 701–713, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-701-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-701-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate an average (stack) of Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) sea surface climate records over the last 800 kyr from 10 ocean sediment cores. To better understand glacial–interglacial differences between the tropical WPWP and high-latitude climate change, we compare our WPWP stack to global and North Atlantic deep-ocean stacks. Although we see similar timing in glacial–interglacial change between the stacks, the WPWP exhibits less amplitude of change.
Carlye D. Peterson and Lorraine E. Lisiecki
Clim. Past, 14, 1229–1252, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1229-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1229-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Our study presents an analysis of a four-dimensional compilation of globally distributed carbon isotope time series that span 20 to 6 thousand years ago. We explore carbon cycle connections between the deep ocean, atmosphere, and land-based carbon storage on thousand-year time scales to provide useful constraints for global carbon cycle reconstructions. Additionally, these carbon isotope time series are suitable for comparison with deglacial simulations from isotope-enabled Earth system models.
Seonmin Ahn, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Timothy Herbert, and Charles Lawrence
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-1, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-1, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Geoffrey Gebbie and Tsung-Lin Hsieh
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 24, 351–366, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-351-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-351-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The best reconstructions of the past ocean state involve the statistical combination of numerical models and observations; however, the computationally efficient method that produces physically interpretable fields is thought to not be applicable to chaotic dynamical systems, such as ocean models with eddies. Here we use a model of the chaotic, forced pendulum to show that the most popular existing method is successful so long as there are enough uncertain boundary conditions through time.
Related subject area
Subject: Proxy Use-Development-Validation | Archive: Marine Archives | Timescale: Pleistocene
Monsoon-driven changes in aeolian and fluvial sediment input to the central Red Sea recorded throughout the last 200 000 years
Orbital CO2 reconstruction using boron isotopes during the late Pleistocene, an assessment of accuracy
A 600 kyr reconstruction of deep Arctic seawater δ18O from benthic foraminiferal δ18O and ostracode Mg ∕ Ca paleothermometry
Antarctic sea ice over the past 130 000 years – Part 1: a review of what proxy records tell us
Reorganization of Atlantic Waters at sub-polar latitudes linked to deep-water overflow in both glacial and interglacial climate states
Parallel between the isotopic composition of coccolith calcite and carbon levels across Termination II: developing a new paleo-CO2 probe
A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP)
Contrasting late-glacial paleoceanographic evolution between the upper and lower continental slope of the western South Atlantic
Modal shift in North Atlantic seasonality during the last deglaciation
Technical note: PaleoDataView – a software toolbox for the collection, homogenization and visualization of marine proxy data
Sensitivity to species selection indicates the effect of nuisance variables on marine microfossil transfer functions
Insensitivity of alkenone carbon isotopes to atmospheric CO2 at low to moderate CO2 levels
Extreme lowering of deglacial seawater radiocarbon recorded by both epifaunal and infaunal benthic foraminifera in a wood-dated sediment core
A Late Quaternary climate record based on long-chain diol proxies from the Chilean margin
Moving beyond the age–depth model paradigm in deep-sea palaeoclimate archives: dual radiocarbon and stable isotope analysis on single foraminifera
Quantifying the effect of seasonal and vertical habitat tracking on planktonic foraminifera proxies
Water and carbon stable isotope records from natural archives: a new database and interactive online platform for data browsing, visualizing and downloading
Palaeo-sea-level and palaeo-ice-sheet databases: problems, strategies, and perspectives
Multiproxy reconstruction for Kuroshio responses to northern hemispheric oceanic climate and the Asian Monsoon since Marine Isotope Stage 5.1 (∼88 ka)
Hydrographic changes in the Agulhas Recirculation Region during the late Quaternary
Salinity changes in the Agulhas leakage area recorded by stable hydrogen isotopes of C37 alkenones during Termination I and II
Mismatch between the depth habitat of planktonic foraminifera and the calibration depth of SST transfer functions may bias reconstructions
Werner Ehrmann, Paul A. Wilson, Helge W. Arz, Hartmut Schulz, and Gerhard Schmiedl
Clim. Past, 20, 37–52, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-37-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-37-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climatic and associated hydrological changes controlled the aeolian versus fluvial transport processes and the composition of the sediments in the central Red Sea through the last ca. 200 kyr. We identify source areas of the mineral dust and pulses of fluvial discharge based on high-resolution grain size, clay mineral, and geochemical data, together with Nd and Sr isotope data. We provide a detailed reconstruction of changes in aridity/humidity.
Elwyn de la Vega, Thomas B. Chalk, Mathis P. Hain, Megan R. Wilding, Daniel Casey, Robin Gledhill, Chongguang Luo, Paul A. Wilson, and Gavin L. Foster
Clim. Past, 19, 2493–2510, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2493-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2493-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate how faithfully the boron isotope composition of foraminifera records atmospheric CO2 by comparing it to the high-fidelity CO2 record from the Antarctic ice cores. We evaluate potential factors and find that partial dissolution of foraminifera shells, assumptions of seawater chemistry, and the biology of foraminifera all have a negligible effect on reconstructed CO2. This gives confidence in the use of boron isotopes beyond the interval when ice core CO2 is available.
Jesse R. Farmer, Katherine J. Keller, Robert K. Poirier, Gary S. Dwyer, Morgan F. Schaller, Helen K. Coxall, Matt O'Regan, and Thomas M. Cronin
Clim. Past, 19, 555–578, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-555-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-555-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen isotopes are used to date marine sediments via similar large-scale ocean patterns over glacial cycles. However, the Arctic Ocean exhibits a different isotope pattern, creating uncertainty in the timing of past Arctic climate change. We find that the Arctic Ocean experienced large local oxygen isotope changes over glacial cycles. We attribute this to a breakdown of stratification during ice ages that allowed for a unique low isotope value to characterize the ice age Arctic Ocean.
Xavier Crosta, Karen E. Kohfeld, Helen C. Bostock, Matthew Chadwick, Alice Du Vivier, Oliver Esper, Johan Etourneau, Jacob Jones, Amy Leventer, Juliane Müller, Rachael H. Rhodes, Claire S. Allen, Pooja Ghadi, Nele Lamping, Carina B. Lange, Kelly-Anne Lawler, David Lund, Alice Marzocchi, Katrin J. Meissner, Laurie Menviel, Abhilash Nair, Molly Patterson, Jennifer Pike, Joseph G. Prebble, Christina Riesselman, Henrik Sadatzki, Louise C. Sime, Sunil K. Shukla, Lena Thöle, Maria-Elena Vorrath, Wenshen Xiao, and Jiao Yang
Clim. Past, 18, 1729–1756, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1729-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1729-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Despite its importance in the global climate, our knowledge of Antarctic sea-ice changes throughout the last glacial–interglacial cycle is extremely limited. As part of the Cycles of Sea Ice Dynamics in the Earth system (C-SIDE) Working Group, we review marine- and ice-core-based sea-ice proxies to provide insights into their applicability and limitations. By compiling published records, we provide information on Antarctic sea-ice dynamics over the past 130 000 years.
Dakota E. Holmes, Tali L. Babila, Ulysses Ninnemann, Gordon Bromley, Shane Tyrrell, Greig A. Paterson, Michelle J. Curran, and Audrey Morley
Clim. Past, 18, 989–1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our proxy-based observations of the glacial inception following MIS 11 advance our mechanistic understanding of (and elucidates antecedent conditions that can lead to) high-magnitude climate instability during low- and intermediate-ice boundary conditions. We find that irrespective of the magnitude of climate variability or boundary conditions, the reorganization between Polar Water and Atlantic Water at subpolar latitudes appears to influence deep-water flow in the Nordic Seas.
Camille Godbillot, Fabrice Minoletti, Franck Bassinot, and Michaël Hermoso
Clim. Past, 18, 449–464, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We test a new method to reconstruct past atmospheric CO2 levels based on the geochemistry of pelagic algal biominerals (coccoliths), which recent culture and numerical experiments have related to ambient CO2 concentrations. By comparing the isotopic composition of fossil coccoliths to the inferred surface ocean CO2 level at the time they calcified, we outline a transfer function and argue that coccolith vital effects can be used to reconstruct geological pCO2 beyond the ice core record.
André Paul, Stefan Mulitza, Rüdiger Stein, and Martin Werner
Clim. Past, 17, 805–824, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-805-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-805-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Maps and fields of near-sea-surface temperature differences between the past and present can be used to visualize and quantify climate changes and perform simulations with climate models. We used a statistical method to map sparse and scattered data for the Last Glacial Maximum time period (23 000 to 19 000 years before present) to a regular grid. The estimated global and tropical cooling would imply an equilibrium climate sensitivity in the lower to middle part of the currently accepted range.
Leticia G. Luz, Thiago P. Santos, Timothy I. Eglinton, Daniel Montluçon, Blanca Ausin, Negar Haghipour, Silvia M. Sousa, Renata H. Nagai, and Renato S. Carreira
Clim. Past, 16, 1245–1261, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1245-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Two sediment cores retrieved from the SE Brazilian continental margin were studied using multiple organic (alkenones) and inorganic (oxygen isotopes in carbonate shells and water) proxies to reconstruct the sea surface temperature (SST) over the last 50 000 years. The findings indicate the formation of strong thermal gradients in the region during the last climate transition, a feature that may become more frequent in the future scenario of global water circulation changes.
Geert-Jan A. Brummer, Brett Metcalfe, Wouter Feldmeijer, Maarten A. Prins, Jasmijn van 't Hoff, and Gerald M. Ganssen
Clim. Past, 16, 265–282, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-265-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-265-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Here, mid-ocean seasonality is resolved through time, using differences in the oxygen isotope composition between individual shells of the commonly used (sub)polar planktonic foraminifera species in ocean-climate reconstruction, N. pachyderma and G. bulloides. Single-specimen isotope measurements during the deglacial period revealed a surprising bimodality, the cause of which was investigated.
Michael Langner and Stefan Mulitza
Clim. Past, 15, 2067–2072, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-2067-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-2067-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Collections of paleoclimate data provide valuable information on the functioning of the Earth system but are often difficult to manage due to the inconsistency of data formats and reconstruction methods. We present a software toolbox that combines a simple document-based database with functionality for the visualization and management of marine proxy data. The program allows the efficient homogenization of larger paleoceanographic data sets into quality-controlled and transparent data products.
Lukas Jonkers and Michal Kučera
Clim. Past, 15, 881–891, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-881-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-881-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Fossil plankton assemblages have been widely used to reconstruct SST. In such approaches, full taxonomic resolution is often used. We assess whether this is required for reliable reconstructions as some species may not respond to SST. We find that only a few species are needed for low reconstruction errors but that species selection has a pronounced effect on reconstructions. We suggest that the sensitivity of a reconstruction to species pruning can be used as a measure of its robustness.
Marcus P. S. Badger, Thomas B. Chalk, Gavin L. Foster, Paul R. Bown, Samantha J. Gibbs, Philip F. Sexton, Daniela N. Schmidt, Heiko Pälike, Andreas Mackensen, and Richard D. Pancost
Clim. Past, 15, 539–554, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-539-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-539-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how atmospheric CO2 has affected the climate of the past is an important way of furthering our understanding of how CO2 may affect our climate in the future. There are several ways of determining CO2 in the past; in this paper, we ground-truth one method (based on preserved organic matter from alga) against the record of CO2 preserved as bubbles in ice cores over a glacial–interglacial cycle. We find that there is a discrepancy between the two.
Patrick A. Rafter, Juan-Carlos Herguera, and John R. Southon
Clim. Past, 14, 1977–1989, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1977-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1977-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon’s radioactive isotope (radiocarbon) is a useful tool for oceanographers investigating carbon cycling in the modern ocean and ice age oceans (using foraminifera microfossils). Here we used sediment cores with excellent age constraints and abundant foraminifera microfossils to examine interspecies radiocarbon differences. All species demonstrate the same extreme radiocarbon depletion, and we argue that these observations represent important changes in seawater carbon chemistry.
Marijke W. de Bar, Dave J. Stolwijk, Jerry F. McManus, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Clim. Past, 14, 1783–1803, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1783-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1783-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present a past sea surface temperature and paleoproductivity record over the last 150 000 years for ODP Site 1234 (Chilean margin). We tested the applicability of long-chain diol proxies for the reconstrucion of SST (LDI), past upwelling conditions (diol index), and nutrient concentrations (NDI). The LDI likely reflects past temperature changes, but the diol index and NDI are perhaps more indicative of Proboscia diatom productivity rather than upwelling and/or nutrient conditions.
Bryan C. Lougheed, Brett Metcalfe, Ulysses S. Ninnemann, and Lukas Wacker
Clim. Past, 14, 515–526, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-515-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-515-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Palaeoclimate reconstructions from deep-sea sediment archives provide valuable insight into past rapid climate change, but only a small proportion of the ocean is suitable for such reconstructions using the existing state of the art, i.e. the age–depth approach. We use dual radiocarbon (14C) and stable isotope analysis on single foraminifera to bypass the long-standing age–depth approach, thus facilitating past ocean chemistry reconstructions from vast, previously untapped ocean areas.
Lukas Jonkers and Michal Kučera
Clim. Past, 13, 573–586, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-573-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-573-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Planktonic foraminifera – the most important proxy carriers in palaeoceanography – adjust their seasonal and vertical habitat. They are thought to do so in a way that minimises the change in their environment, implying that proxy records based on these organisms may not capture the full amplitude of past climate change. Here we demonstrate that they indeed track a particular thermal habitat and suggest that this could lead to a 40 % underestimation of reconstructed temperature change.
Timothé Bolliet, Patrick Brockmann, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Franck Bassinot, Valérie Daux, Dominique Genty, Amaelle Landais, Marlène Lavrieux, Elisabeth Michel, Pablo Ortega, Camille Risi, Didier M. Roche, Françoise Vimeux, and Claire Waelbroeck
Clim. Past, 12, 1693–1719, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1693-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1693-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new database of past climate proxies which aims to facilitate the distribution of data by using a user-friendly interface. Available data from the last 40 years are often fragmented, with lots of different formats, and online libraries are sometimes nonintuitive. We thus built a new dynamic web portal for data browsing, visualizing, and batch downloading of hundreds of datasets presenting a homogeneous format.
André Düsterhus, Alessio Rovere, Anders E. Carlson, Benjamin P. Horton, Volker Klemann, Lev Tarasov, Natasha L. M. Barlow, Tom Bradwell, Jorie Clark, Andrea Dutton, W. Roland Gehrels, Fiona D. Hibbert, Marc P. Hijma, Nicole Khan, Robert E. Kopp, Dorit Sivan, and Torbjörn E. Törnqvist
Clim. Past, 12, 911–921, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-911-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-911-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This review/position paper addresses problems in creating new interdisciplinary databases for palaeo-climatological sea-level and ice-sheet data and gives an overview on new advances to tackle them. The focus therein is to define and explain strategies and highlight their importance to allow further progress in these fields. It also offers important insights into the general problem of designing competitive databases which are also applicable to other communities within the palaeo-environment.
X. Shi, Y. Wu, J. Zou, Y. Liu, S. Ge, M. Zhao, J. Liu, A. Zhu, X. Meng, Z. Yao, and Y. Han
Clim. Past, 10, 1735–1750, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1735-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1735-2014, 2014
D. K. Naik, R. Saraswat, N. Khare, A. C. Pandey, and R. Nigam
Clim. Past, 10, 745–758, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-745-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-745-2014, 2014
S. Kasper, M. T. J. van der Meer, A. Mets, R. Zahn, J. S. Sinninghe Damsté, and S. Schouten
Clim. Past, 10, 251–260, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-251-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-251-2014, 2014
R. J. Telford, C. Li, and M. Kucera
Clim. Past, 9, 859–870, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-859-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-859-2013, 2013
Cited articles
Ahn, S., Khider, D., Lisiecki, L. E., and Lawrence, C. E.: A probabilistic Pliocene–Pleistocene stack of benthic δ18O using a profile hidden Markov model, Dynam. Stat. Clim. Syst., 2, dzx002, https://doi.org/10.1093/climsys/dzx002, 2017.
Bard, E., Fairbanks, R., Arnold, M., Maurice, P., Duprat, J., Moyes, J., and Duplessy, J.-C.: Sea-level estimates during the last deglaciation based on δ18O and accelerator mass spectrometry 14C ages measured in Globigerina bulloides, Quatern. Res., 31, 381–391, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(89)90045-8, 1989.
Bard, E., Rostek, F., and Ménot-Combes, G.: Radiocarbon calibration beyond 20,000 14C yr B.P. by means of planktonic foraminifera of the Iberian Margin, Quatern. Res., 61, 204–214, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2003.11.006, 2004.
Bard, E., Ménot, G., Rostek, F., Licari, L., Böning, P., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Wang, Y., and Heaton, T. J.: Radiocarbon Calibration/Comparison Records Based on Marine Sediments from the Pakistan and Iberian Margins, Radiocarbon, 55, 1999–2019, https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.17114, 2013.
Barker, S. and Diz, P.: Timing of the descent into the last Ice Age determined by the bipolar seesaw, Paleoceanography, 29, 489–507, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014PA002623, 2014.
Barker, S., Knorr, G., Lawrence Edwards, R., Parrenin, F., Putnam, A. E., Skinner, L. C., Wolff, E., and Ziegler, M.: 800 000 Years of Abrupt Climate Variability, Science, 334, 347–351, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1203580, 2011.
Blaauw, M.: Methods and code for “classical” age-modelling of radiocarbon sequences, Quatern. Geochronol., 5, 512–518, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2010.01.002, 2010a.
Blaauw, M. and Christen, J. A.: Radiocarbon peat chronologies and environmental change, J. Roy. Stat. Soc. Ser. C, 54, 805–816, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9876.2005.00516.x, 2005.
Blaauw, M. and Christen, J. A.: Flexible paleoclimate age-depth models using an autoregressive gamma process, Bayesian Anal., 6, 457–474, https://doi.org/10.1214/11-BA618, 2011.
Bronk Ramsey, C.: Radiocarbon Calibration and Analysis of Stratigraphy: The OxCal Program, Radiocarbon, 37, 425–430, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200030903, 1995.
Bronk Ramsey, C.: Development of the Radiocarbon Calibration Program, Radiocarbon, 43, 355–363, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200038212, 2001.
Bronk Ramsey, C.: Dealing with Outliers and Offsets in Radiocarbon Dating, Radiocarbon, 51, 1023–1045, doi10.1017/S0033822200034093, 2009.
Buck, C. E. and Christen, J. A.: Making Complex Radiocarbon Calibration Software More Accessible: a New Approach?, CAA 97, 3 pp., https://ub01.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10900/61439/15_Buck_Christen_CAA_1997.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y (last access: 11 October 2023), 1999.
Butzin, M., Köhler, P., and Lohmann, G.: Marine radiocarbon reservoir age simulations for the past 50,000 years: Marine Radiocarbon Simulations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 8473–8480, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074688, 2017.
Butzin, M., Heaton, T. J., Köhler, P., and Lohmann, G.: A Short Note on Marine Reservoir Age Simulations Used in IntCal20, Radiocarbon, 62, 865–871, https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.9, 2020.
Channell, J. E. T., Xuan, C., and Hodell, D. A.: Stacking paleointensity and oxygen isotope data for the last 1.5 Myr (PISO-1500), Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 283, 14–23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.03.012, 2009.
Christen, J. A.: Summarizing a Set of Radiocarbon Determinations: A Robust Approach, J. Roy. Stat. Soc. Ser. C, 43, 489–503, https://doi.org/10.2307/2986273, 1994.
Christen, J. A. and Pérez E, S.: A New Robust Statistical Model for Radiocarbon Data, Radiocarbon, 51, 1047–1059, https://doi.org/10.1017/S003382220003410X, 2009.
Collins, J. A., Schefuß, E., Heslop, D., Mulitza, S., Prange, M., Zabel, M., Tjallingii, R., Dokken, T. M., Huang, E., Mackensen, A., Schulz, M., Tian, J., Zarriess, M., and Wefer, G.: Interhemispheric symmetry of the tropical African rainbelt over the past 23,000 years, Nat. Geosci., 4, 42–45, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1039, 2011.
deMenocal, P., Ortiz, J., Guilderson, T., Adkins, J., Sarnthein, M., Baker, L., and Yarusinsky, M.: Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period:: rapid climate responses to gradual insolation forcing, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 19, 347–361, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00081-5, 2000.
Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M., and Rubin, D. B.: Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data Via the EM Algorithm, J. Roy. Stat. Soc. Ser. B, 39, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x, 1977.
Doucet, A., de Freitas, N., and Gordon, N.: Sequential Monte Carlo Methods in Practice, vol. 1, Springer, New York, 12 pp. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4757-3437-9 (last access: 11 October 2023), 2001.
Durbin, R., Eddy, S. R., Krogh, A., and Mitchison, G.: Biological Sequence Analysis: Probabilistic Models of Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Cambridge University Press, 332 pp., ISBN 521 62971 3, 1998.
Gebbie, G.: Tracer transport timescales and the observed Atlantic-Pacific lag in the timing of the Last Termination, Paleoceanography, 27, PA3225, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011PA002273, 2012.
Gebbie, G. and Huybers, P.: Total Matrix Intercomparison: A Method for Determining the Geometry of Water-Mass Pathways, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 40, 1710–1728, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JPO4272.1, 2010.
Grootes, P. M. and Stuiver, M.: Oxygen
Haslett, J. and Parnell, A.: A simple monotone process with application to radiocarbon-dated depth chronologies, J. Roy. Stat. Soc. Ser. C, 57, 399–418, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9876.2008.00623.x, 2008.
Hastings, W. K.: Monte Carlo sampling methods using Markov chains and their applications, Biometrika, 57, 97–109, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/57.1.97, 1970.
Heaton, T. J., Bard, E., and Hughen, K. A.: Elastic Tie-Pointing – Transferring Chronologies between Records via a Gaussian Process, Radiocarbon, 55, 1975–1997, https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.17777, 2013.
Heaton, T. J., Köhler, P., Butzin, M., Bard, E., Reimer, R. W., Austin, W. E. N., Bronk Ramsey, C., Grootes, P. M., Hughen, K. A., Kromer, B., Reimer, P. J., Adkins, J., Burke, A., Cook, M. S., Olsen, J., and Skinner, L. C.: Marine20 – The Marine Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55,000 cal BP), Radiocarbon, 62, 779–820, https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.68, 2020a.
Heaton, T. J., Blaauw, M., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey, C. B., Reimer, P. J., and Scott, E. M.: The IntCal20 Approach to Radiocarbon Calibration Curve Construction: A New Methodology Using Bayesian Splines and Errors-in-Variables, Radiocarbon, 62, 821–863, https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.46, 2020b.
Heaton, T. J., Bard, E., Bronk Ramsey, C., Butzin, M., Köhler, P., Muscheler, R., Reimer, P. J., and Wacker, L.: Radiocarbon: A key tracer for studying Earth's dynamo, climate system, carbon cycle, and Sun, Science, 374, eabd7096, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd7096, 2021.
Hemming, S. R.: Heinrich events: Massive late Pleistocene detritus layers of the North Atlantic and their global climate imprint, Rev. Geophys., 42, RG1005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003RG000128, 2004.
Howe, J. N. W., Piotrowski, A. M., and Rennie, V. C. F.: Abyssal origin for the early Holocene pulse of unradiogenic neodymium isotopes in Atlantic seawater, Geology, 44, 831–834, https://doi.org/10.1130/G38155.1, 2016.
Hüls, M. and Zahn, R.: Millennial-scale sea surface temperature variability in the western tropical North Atlantic from planktonic foraminiferal census counts, Paleoceanography, 15, 659–678, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999PA000462, 2000.
Huybers, P. and Wunsch, C.: A depth-derived Pleistocene age model: Uncertainty estimates, sedimentation variability, and nonlinear climate change, Paleoceanography, 19, PA1028, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000857, 2004.
Imbrie, J., Hays, J. D., Martinson, D. G., McInteyre, A., Mix, A. C., Morley, J. J., Pisias, N. G., Prell, W. L., and Shackleton, N. J.: The Orbital Theory of Pleistocene Climate: Support from a Revised Chronology of the Marine δ18O Record, in: Milankovitch and Climate Part 1, D Reidel Publishing Company, 269–305, 1984.
Key, R. M., Kozyr, A., Sabine, C. L., Lee, K., Wanninkhof, R., Bullister, J. L., Feely, R. A., Millero, F. J., Mordy, C., and Peng, T.-H.: A global ocean carbon climatology: Results from Global Data Analysis Project (GLODAP): Global Ocean Carbon Climatology, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB4031, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002247, 2004.
Khider, D., Ahn, S., Lisiecki, L. E., Lawrence, C. E., and Kienast, M.: The Role of Uncertainty in Estimating Lead/Lag Relationships in Marine Sedimentary Archives: A Case Study From the Tropical Pacific, Paleoceanography, 32, 1275–1290, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016PA003057, 2017.
Klaas, M., Briers, M., de Freitas, N., Doucet, A., Maskell, S., and Lang, D.: Fast particle smoothing: if I had a million particles, in: Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Machine learning – ICML '06, the 23rd international conference, 2006, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 481–488, https://doi.org/10.1145/1143844.1143905, 2006.
Knaack, J.-J. and Sarnthein, M.: Stable isotopes of foraminifera of ODP Hole 108-658C, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.227736, 2005.
Labeyrie, L., Waelbroeck, C., Cortijo, E., Michel, E., and Duplessy, J.-C.: Changes in deep water hydrology during the Last Deglaciation, Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 337, 919–927, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2005.05.010, 2005.
Langner, M. and Mulitza, S.: Technical note: PaleoDataView – a software toolbox for the collection, homogenization and visualization of marine proxy data, Clim. Past, 15, 2067–2072, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-2067-2019, 2019.
Langrené, N. and Warin, X.: Fast and Stable Multivariate Kernel Density Estimation by Fast Sum Updating, J. Comput. Graph. Stat., 28, 596–608, https://doi.org/10.1080/10618600.2018.1549052, 2019.
Lee, T.: BIGMACS (v1.0), Zenodo [software], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8327654, 2023.
Lee, T. and Lawrence, C. E.: Heteroscedastic Gaussian Process Regression on the Alkenone over Sea Surface Temperatures, NCAR/UCAR, https://doi.org/10.5065/y82j-f154, 2019.
Lin, L., Khider, D., Lisiecki, L. E., and Lawrence, C. E.: Probabilistic sequence alignment of stratigraphic records, Paleoceanography, 29, 976–989, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014PA002713, 2014.
Lisiecki, L. E. and Lisiecki, P. A.: Application of dynamic programming to the correlation of paleoclimate records: Dynamic Programming Singal Correlation, Paleoceanography, 17, 1-1–1-12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001PA000733, 2002.
Lisiecki, L. E. and Raymo, M. E.: A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records, Paleoceanography, 20, PA1003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001071, 2005.
Lisiecki, L. E. and Raymo, M. E.: Diachronous benthic δ18O responses during late Pleistocene terminations, Paleoceanography, 24, PA3210, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001732, 2009.
Lisiecki, L. E. and Stern, J. V.: Regional and global benthic δ18O stacks for the last glacial cycle: Last Glacial Cycle Benthic δ18O, Paleoceanography, 31, 1368–1394, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016PA003002, 2016.
Lougheed, B. C. and Obrochta, S. P.: MatCal: Open Source Bayesian 14C Age Calibration in Matlab, J. Open Res. Softw., 4, 42, https://doi.org/10.5334/jors.130, 2016.
Lougheed, B. C. and Obrochta, S. P.: A Rapid, Deterministic Age-Depth Modeling Routine for Geological Sequences With Inherent Depth Uncertainty, Paleoceanogr. Paleocl., 34, 122–133, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003457, 2019.
Lund, D. C., Tessin, A. C., Hoffman, J. L., and Schmittner, A.: Southwest Atlantic water mass evolution during the last deglaciation, Paleoceanography, 30, 477–494, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014PA002657, 2015.
Marchitto, T. M., Curry, W. B., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Bryan, S. P., Cobb, K. M., and Lund, D. C.: Improved oxygen isotope temperature calibrations for cosmopolitan benthic foraminifera, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 130, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.12.034, 2014.
Martino, L., Read, J., and Luengo, D.: Independent Doubly Adaptive Rejection Metropolis Sampling Within Gibbs Sampling, IEEE T. Sig. Process., 63, 3123–3138, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2015.2420537, 2015a.
Metropolis, N., Rosenbluth, A. W., and Rosenbluth, M. N.: Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines, J. Chem. Phys., 21, 1087–1092, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1699114, 1953.
Mulitza, S., Prange, M., Stuut, J.-B., Zabel, M., Von Dobeneck, T., Itambi, A. C., Nizou, J., Schulz, M., and Wefer, G.: Sahel megadroughts triggered by glacial slowdowns of Atlantic meridional overturning, Paleoceanography, 23, PA4206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001637, 2008.
Mulitza, S., Bickert, T., Bostock, H. C., Chiessi, C. M., Donner, B., Govin, A., Harada, N., Huang, E., Johnstone, H., Kuhnert, H., Langner, M., Lamy, F., Lembke-Jene, L., Lisiecki, L., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Max, L., Mohtadi, M., Mollenhauer, G., Muglia, J., Nürnberg, D., Paul, A., Rühlemann, C., Repschläger, J., Saraswat, R., Schmittner, A., Sikes, E. L., Spielhagen, R. F., and Tiedemann, R.: World Atlas of late Quaternary Foraminiferal Oxygen and Carbon Isotope Ratios, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2553–2611, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2553-2022, 2022.
Murphy, K. P.: Machine learning: a probabilistic perspective, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1067 pp., ISBN 978-0-262-01802-9, 2012.
Muschitiello, F., O'Regan, M., Martens, J., West, G., Gustafsson, Ö., and Jakobsson, M.: A new 30 000-year chronology for rapidly deposited sediments on the Lomonosov Ridge using bulk radiocarbon dating and probabilistic stratigraphic alignment, Geochronology, 2, 81–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-81-2020, 2020.
Oppo, D. W., Gebbie, G., Huang, K.-F., Curry, W. B., Marchitto, T. M., and Pietro, K. R.: Data Constraints on Glacial Atlantic Water Mass Geometry and Properties, Paleoceanogr. Paleocl., 33, 1013–1034, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003408, 2018.
Pailler, D. and Bard, E.: High frequency palaeoceanographic changes during the past 140 000 yr recorded by the organic matter in sediments of the Iberian Margin, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol., 181, 431–452, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00444-8, 2002.
Parnell, A. C., Haslett, J., Allen, J. R. M., Buck, C. E., and Huntley, B.: A flexible approach to assessing synchroneity of past events using Bayesian reconstructions of sedimentation history, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 27, 1872–1885, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.07.009, 2008.
Peters, G.: Markov Chain Monte Carlo: stochastic simulation for Bayesian inference, Stat. Med., 27, 3213–3214, https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.3240, 2008.
Pisias, N. G. and Shackleton, N. J.: Modelling the global climate response to orbital forcing and atmospheric carbon dioxide changes, Nature, 310, 757–759, https://doi.org/10.1038/310757a0, 1984.
Pöppelmeier, F., Blaser, P., Gutjahr, M., Jaccard, S. L., Frank, M., Max, L., and Lippold, J.: Northern-sourced water dominated the Atlantic Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum, Geology, 48, 826–829, https://doi.org/10.1130/G47628.1, 2020.
Portilho-Ramos, R. C., Chiessi, C. M., Zhang, Y., Mulitza, S., Kucera, M., Siccha, M., Prange, M., and Paul, A.: Coupling of equatorial Atlantic surface stratification to glacial shifts in the tropical rainbelt, Sci. Rep., 7, 1561, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01629-z, 2017.
Rabiner, L. R.: A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition, Proc. IEEE, 77, 257–286, https://doi.org/10.1109/5.18626, 1989.
Ramsey, C. B.: Radiocarbon calibration and analysis of stratigraphy: the OxCal program, Radiocarbon, 37, 425–430, 1995.
Ramsey, C. B.: Deposition models for chronological records, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 27, 42–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.01.019, 2008.
Rasmussen, C. E. and Williams, C. K.: Gaussian Process in Machine Learning, MIT press, Cambridge, MA, 2006.
Ramsey, C. B. and Lee, S.: Recent and Planned Developments of the Program OxCal, Radiocarbon, 55, 720–730, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200057878, 2013.
Reimer, P. J. and Reimer, R. W.: A Marine Reservoir Correction Database and On-Line Interface, Radiocarbon, 43, 461–463, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200038339, 2001.
Reimer, P. J., Baillie, M. G., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey, C. B., Buck, C. E., Burr, G. S., Edwards, R. L., and Friedrich, M.: IntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0–50,000 years cal BP, Radiocarbon, 51, 1111–1150, 2009.
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey, C. B., Buck, C. E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Haflidason, H., Hajdas, I., Hatté, C., Heaton, T. J., Hoffmann, D. L., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kaiser, K. F., Kromer, B., Manning, S. W., Niu, M., Reimer, R. W., Richards, D. A., Scott, E. M., Southon, J. R., Staff, R. A., Turney, C. S. M., and van der Plicht, J.: IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP, Radiocarbon, 55, 1869–1887, https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16947, 2013.
Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Butzin, M., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Hajdas, I., Heaton, T. J., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kromer, B., Manning, S. W., Muscheler, R., Palmer, J. G., Pearson, C., van der Plicht, J., Reimer, R. W., Richards, D. A., Scott, E. M., Southon, J. R., Turney, C. S. M., Wacker, L., Adolphi, F., Büntgen, U., Capano, M., Fahrni, S. M., Fogtmann-Schulz, A., Friedrich, R., Köhler, P., Kudsk, S., Miyake, F., Olsen, J., Reinig, F., Sakamoto, M., Sookdeo, A., and Talamo, S.: The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP), Radiocarbon, 62, 725–757, https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.41, 2020.
Sarnthein, M., Winn, K., Jung, S. J. A., Duplessy, J.-C., Labeyrie, L., Erlenkeuser, H., and Ganssen, G.: Changes in East Atlantic Deepwater Circulation over the last 30,000 years: Eight time slice reconstructions, Paleoceanography, 9, 209–267, https://doi.org/10.1029/93PA03301, 1994.
Shackleton, N.: Oxygen Isotope Analyses and Pleistocene Temperatures Re-assessed, Nature, 215, 15–17, https://doi.org/10.1038/215015a0, 1967.
Shackleton, N. J., Hall, M. A., and Vincent, E.: Phase relationships between millennial-scale events 64,000–24,000 years ago, Paleoceanography, 15, 565–569, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000PA000513, 2000.
Shackleton, N. J., Fairbanks, R. G., Chiu, T., and Parrenin, F.: Absolute calibration of the Greenland time scale: implications for Antarctic time scales and for Δ14C, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 23, 1513–1522, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.03.006, 2004.
Sikes, E. L., Allen, K. A., and Lund, D. C.: Enhanced δ13C and δ18O Differences Between the South Atlantic and South Pacific During the Last Glaciation: The Deep Gateway Hypothesis, Paleoceanography, 32, 1000–1017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017PA003118, 2017.
Skinner, L. C., and Shackleton, N. J.: Rapid transient changes in northeast Atlantic deep water ventilation age across Termination I., Paleoceanography, 19, PA2005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003PA000983, 2004.
Skinner, L. C. and Shackleton, N. J.: An Atlantic lead over Pacific deep-water change across Termination I: implications for the application of the marine isotope stage stratigraphy, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 571–580, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.11.008, 2005.
Skinner, L. C., Shackleton, N. J., and Elderfield, H.: Millennial-scale variability of deep-water temperature and δ18Odw indicating deep-water source variations in the Northeast Atlantic, 0–34 cal. ka BP, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy. 4, 1098, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GC000585, 2003.
Skinner, L. C., Waelbroeck, C., Scrivner, A. E., and Fallon, S. J.: Radiocarbon evidence for alternating northern and southern sources of ventilation of the deep Atlantic carbon pool during the last deglaciation, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 5480–5484, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1400668111, 2014a.
Skinner, L. C., Muschitiello, F., and Scrivner, A. E.: Marine Reservoir Age Variability Over the Last Deglaciation: Implications for Marine CarbonCycling and Prospects for Regional Radiocarbon Calibrations, Paleoceanogr. Paleocl., 34, 1807–1815, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019PA003667, 2019.
Skinner, L. C., Freeman, E., Hodell, D., Waelbroeck, C., Vazquez Riveiros, N., and Scrivner, A. E.: Atlantic Ocean Ventilation Changes Across the Last Deglaciation and Their Carbon Cycle Implications, Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 36, e2020PA004074, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA004074, 2021.
Stern, J. V. and Lisiecki, L. E.: North Atlantic circulation and reservoir age changes over the past 41,000 years, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 3693–3697, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50679, 2013.
Stern, J. V. and Lisiecki, L. E.: Termination 1 timing in radiocarbon-dated regional benthic δ18O stacks, Paleoceanography, 29, 1127–1142, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014PA002700, 2014.
Stuiver, M. and Reimer, P. J.: Extended 14C Data Base and Revised CALIB 3.0 14C Age Calibration Program, Radiocarbon, 35, 215–230, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200013904, 1993.
Titsias, M. K.: Variational Learning of Inducing Variables in Sparse Gaussian Processes, PMLR, 567–574, https://proceedings.mlr.press/v5/titsias09a.html (last access: 11 October 2023), 2009.
Tjallingii, R., Claussen, M., Stuut, J.-B. W., Fohlmeister, J., Jahn, A., Bickert, T., Lamy, F., and Röhl, U.: Coherent high- and low-latitude control of the northwest African hydrological balance, Nat. Geosci., 1, 670–675, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo289, 2008.
Vogelsang, E., Sarnthein, M., and Pflaumann, U.: δ18O Stratigraphy, chronology, and sea surface temperatures of Atlantic sediment records (GLAMAP-2000 Kiel), Berichte – Reports, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Kiel, Germany, https://doi.org/10.2312/reports-ifg.2001.13, 2001.
Voigt, I., Cruz, A. P. S., Mulitza, S., Chiessi, C. M., Mackensen, A., Lippold, J., Antz, B., Zabel, M., Zhang, Y., Barbosa, C. F., and Tisserand, A. A.: Variability in mid-depth ventilation of the western Atlantic Ocean during the last deglaciation, Paleoceanography, 32, 948–965, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017PA003095, 2017.
Waelbroeck, C., Duplessy, J.-C., Michel, E., Labeyrie, L., Paillard, D., and Duprat, J.: The timing of the last deglaciation in North Atlantic climate records, Nature, 412, 724–727, https://doi.org/10.1038/35089060, 2001.
Waelbroeck, C., Skinner, L. C., Labeyrie, L., Duplessy, J.-C., Michel, E., Vazquez Riveiros, N., Gherardi, J.-M., and Dewilde, F.: The timing of deglacial circulation changes in the Atlantic, Paleoceanography, 26, PA3213, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010PA002007, 2011.
Waelbroeck, C., Lougheed, B. C., Vazquez Riveiros, N., Missiaen, L., Pedro, J., Dokken, T., Hajdas, I., Wacker, L., Abbott, P., Dumoulin, J.-P., Thil, F., Eynaud, F., Rossignol, L., Fersi, W., Albuquerque, A. L., Arz, H., Austin, W. E. N., Came, R., Carlson, A. E., Collins, J. A., Dennielou, B., Desprat, S., Dickson, A., Elliot, M., Farmer, C., Giraudeau, J., Gottschalk, J., Henderiks, J., Hughen, K., Jung, S., Knutz, P., Lebreiro, S., Lund, D. C., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Malaizé, B., Marchitto, T., Martínez-Méndez, G., Mollenhauer, G., Naughton, F., Nave, S., Nürnberg, D., Oppo, D., Peck, V., Peeters, F. J. C., Penaud, A., da C. Portilho-Ramos, R., Repschläger, J., Roberts, J., Rühlemann, C., Salgueiro, E., Sanchez Goni, M. F., Schönfeld, J., Scussolini, P., Skinner, L. C., Skonieczny, C., Thornalley, D., Toucanne, S., Rooij, D. V., Vidal, L., Voelker, A. H. L., Wary, M., Weldeab, S., and Ziegler, M.: Consistently dated Atlantic sediment cores over the last 40 thousand years, Sci. Data, 6, 165, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0173-8, 2019.
Short summary
Understanding of past climate change depends, in part, on how accurately we can estimate the ages of events recorded in geologic archives. Here we present a new software package, called BIGMACS, to improve age estimates for paleoclimate data from ocean sediment cores. BIGMACS creates multiproxy age estimates that reduce age uncertainty by probabilistically combining information from direct age estimates, such as radiocarbon dates, and the alignment of regional paleoclimate time series.
Understanding of past climate change depends, in part, on how accurately we can estimate the...
