Articles | Volume 19, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1677-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1677-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 Aug 2023
Research article |
| 17 Aug 2023
| 17 Aug 2023
Assessing environmental change associated with early Eocene hyperthermals in the Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA
William Rush
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, 210
Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences,
University of Colorado, Boulder, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Jean Self-Trail
U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston,
VA, USA
Yang Zhang
Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Appy Sluijs
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht
University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
Henk Brinkhuis
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht
University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
Department of Ocean Systems research, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, the Netherlands
James Zachos
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
James G. Ogg
Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue
University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and
Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, 610059 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
International Union of Geological Sciences, Deep-time Digital Earth Research Center of Excellence (Suzhou), 1699 Zuchongzhi South Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
Marci Robinson
U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston,
VA, USA
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Carolien M. H. van der Weijst, Koen J. van der Laan, Francien Peterse, Gert-Jan Reichart, Francesca Sangiorgi, Stefan Schouten, Tjerk J. T. Veenstra, and Appy Sluijs
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Karen M. Brandenburg, Björn Rost, Dedmer B. Van de Waal, Mirja Hoins, and Appy Sluijs
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Carolien M. H. van der Weijst, Josse Winkelhorst, Wesley de Nooijer, Anna von der Heydt, Gert-Jan Reichart, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Appy Sluijs
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Peter K. Bijl, Joost Frieling, Marlow Julius Cramwinckel, Christine Boschman, Appy Sluijs, and Francien Peterse
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Frida S. Hoem, Isabel Sauermilch, Suning Hou, Henk Brinkhuis, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Peter K. Bijl
J. Micropalaeontol., 40, 175–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-175-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-175-2021, 2021
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We use marine microfossil (dinocyst) assemblage data as well as seismic and tectonic investigations to reconstruct the oceanographic history south of Australia 37–20 Ma as the Tasmanian Gateway widens and deepens. Our results show stable conditions with typically warmer dinocysts south of Australia, which contrasts with the colder dinocysts closer to Antarctica, indicating the establishment of modern oceanographic conditions with a strong Southern Ocean temperature gradient and frontal systems.
Gerrit Müller, Jack J. Middelburg, and Appy Sluijs
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3565–3575, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3565-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3565-2021, 2021
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Rivers are major freshwater resources, connectors and transporters on Earth. As the composition of river waters and particles results from processes in their catchment, such as erosion, weathering, environmental pollution, nutrient and carbon cycling, Earth-spanning databases of river composition are needed for studies of these processes on a global scale. While extensive resources on water and nutrient composition exist, we provide a database of river particle composition.
Frida S. Hoem, Luis Valero, Dimitris Evangelinos, Carlota Escutia, Bella Duncan, Robert M. McKay, Henk Brinkhuis, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Peter K. Bijl
Clim. Past, 17, 1423–1442, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1423-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1423-2021, 2021
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We present new offshore palaeoceanographic reconstructions for the Oligocene (33.7–24.4 Ma) in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Our study of dinoflagellate cysts and lipid biomarkers indicates warm-temperate sea surface conditions. We posit that warm surface-ocean conditions near the continental shelf during the Oligocene promoted increased precipitation and heat delivery towards Antarctica that led to dynamic terrestrial ice sheet volumes in the warmer climate state of the Oligocene.
Christopher M. Lowery, Jean M. Self-Trail, and Craig D. Barrie
Clim. Past, 17, 1227–1242, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1227-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1227-2021, 2021
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Recent work has shown that the mid-Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2, ∼ 94 million years ago) was associated with a global increase in precipitation, but regional patterns are still poorly known. We present two new OAE2 records from the ancient inner continental shelf of North Carolina, USA. These cores show an increase in the amount of land-plant-derived organic matter delivered to the inner shelf during OAE2, indicating that this region experienced increased precipitation during OAE2.
Annique van der Boon, Klaudia F. Kuiper, Robin van der Ploeg, Marlow Julius Cramwinckel, Maryam Honarmand, Appy Sluijs, and Wout Krijgsman
Clim. Past, 17, 229–239, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-229-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-229-2021, 2021
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40.5 million years ago, Earth's climate warmed, but it is unknown why. Enhanced volcanism has been suggested, but this has not yet been tied to a specific region. We explore an increase in volcanism in Iran. We dated igneous rocks and compiled ages from the literature. We estimated the volume of igneous rocks in Iran in order to calculate the amount of CO2 that could have been released due to enhanced volcanism. We conclude that an increase in volcanism in Iran is a plausible cause of warming.
Michiel Baatsen, Anna S. von der Heydt, Matthew Huber, Michael A. Kliphuis, Peter K. Bijl, Appy Sluijs, and Henk A. Dijkstra
Clim. Past, 16, 2573–2597, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2573-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2573-2020, 2020
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Warm climates of the deep past have proven to be challenging to reconstruct with the same numerical models used for future predictions. We present results of CESM simulations for the middle to late Eocene (∼ 38 Ma), in which we managed to match the available indications of temperature well. With these results we can now look into regional features and the response to external changes to ultimately better understand the climate when it is in such a warm state.
Appy Sluijs, Joost Frieling, Gordon N. Inglis, Klaas G. J. Nierop, Francien Peterse, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Stefan Schouten
Clim. Past, 16, 2381–2400, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2381-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2381-2020, 2020
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We revisit 15-year-old reconstructions of sea surface temperatures in the Arctic Ocean for the late Paleocene and early Eocene epochs (∼ 57–53 million years ago) based on the distribution of fossil membrane lipids of archaea preserved in Arctic Ocean sediments. We find that improvements in the methods over the past 15 years do not lead to different results. However, data quality is now higher and potential biases better characterized. Results confirm remarkable Arctic warmth during this time.
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Short summary
The Eocene contains several brief warming periods referred to as hyperthermals. Studying these events and how they varied between locations can help provide insight into our future warmer world. This study provides a characterization of two of these events in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA. The records of climate that we measured demonstrate significant changes during this time period, but the type and timing of these changes highlight the complexity of climatic changes.
The Eocene contains several brief warming periods referred to as hyperthermals. Studying these...
