Articles | Volume 17, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1795-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1795-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 Sep 2021
Research article |
| 09 Sep 2021
| 09 Sep 2021
El Niño–Southern Oscillation signal in a new East Antarctic ice core, Mount Brown South
Camilla K. Crockart
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine &
Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7004, Australia
Tessa R. Vance
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine &
Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7004, Australia
Alexander D. Fraser
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine &
Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7004, Australia
Nerilie J. Abram
Research School of Earth Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence for
Climate Extremes, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
Alison S. Criscitiello
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
Mark A. J. Curran
Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston TAS 7050,
Australia
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine &
Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7004, Australia
Vincent Favier
Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université
Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble 38400, France
Ailie J. E. Gallant
School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University,
Rainforest Walk, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
Christoph Kittel
Laboratory of Climatology, Department of Geography, Spheres,
University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
Helle A. Kjær
Physics of Ice, Climate and Earth, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
Andrew R. Klekociuk
Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston TAS 7050,
Australia
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine &
Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7004, Australia
Lenneke M. Jong
Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston TAS 7050,
Australia
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine &
Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7004, Australia
Andrew D. Moy
Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston TAS 7050,
Australia
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine &
Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7004, Australia
Christopher T. Plummer
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine &
Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7004, Australia
Paul T. Vallelonga
Physics of Ice, Climate and Earth, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
now at: UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia,
Perth WA 6909, Australia
Jonathan Wille
Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université
Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble 38400, France
Lingwei Zhang
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine &
Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7004, Australia
Related authors
Tessa R. Vance, Nerilie J. Abram, Alison S. Criscitiello, Camilla K. Crockart, Aylin DeCampo, Vincent Favier, Vasileios Gkinis, Margaret Harlan, Sarah L. Jackson, Helle A. Kjær, Chelsea A. Long, Meredith K. Nation, Christopher T. Plummer, Delia Segato, Andrea Spolaor, and Paul T. Vallelonga
Clim. Past, 20, 969–990, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-969-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-969-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the chronologies from the new Mount Brown South ice cores from East Antarctica, which were developed by counting annual layers in the ice core data and aligning these to volcanic sulfate signatures. The uncertainty in the dating is quantified, and we discuss initial results from seasonal cycle analysis and mean annual concentrations. The chronologies will underpin the development of new proxy records for East Antarctica spanning the past millennium.
Sarah L. Jackson, Tessa R. Vance, Camilla Crockart, Andrew Moy, Christopher Plummer, and Nerilie J. Abram
Clim. Past, 19, 1653–1675, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1653-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1653-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice core records are useful tools for reconstructing past climate. However, ice cores favour recording climate conditions at times when snowfall occurs. Large snowfall events in Antarctica are often associated with warmer-than-usual temperatures. We show that this results in a tendency for the Mount Brown South ice core record to preserve a temperature record biased to the climate conditions that exist during extreme events, rather than a temperature record that reflects the mean annual climate.
Joey J. Voermans, Alexander D. Fraser, Jill Brouwer, Michael H. Meylan, Qingxiang Liu, and Alexander V. Babanin
The Cryosphere, 19, 3381–3395, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3381-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3381-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Limited measurements of waves in sea ice exist, preventing our understanding of wave attenuation in sea ice under a wide range of ice conditions. Using satellite observations from ICESat-2, we observe an overall linear increase in the wave attenuation rate with distance into the marginal ice zone. While attenuation may vary greatly locally, this finding may provide opportunities for the modeling of waves in sea ice at global and climate scales when such fine detail may not be needed.
Robert Massom, Phillip Reid, Stephen Warren, Bonnie Light, Donald Perovich, Luke Bennetts, Petteri Uotila, Siobhan O'Farrell, Michael Meylan, Klaus Meiners, Pat Wongpan, Alexander Fraser, Alessandro Toffoli, Giulio Passerotti, Peter Strutton, Sean Chua, and Melissa Fedrigo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3166, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3166, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean waves play a previously-neglected role in the rapid annual melting of Antarctic sea ice by flooding and pulverising floes, removing the snow cover and reducing the albedo by an estimated 0.38–0.54 – to increase solar absorption and enhance the vertical melt rate by up to 5.2 cm/day. Ice algae further decrease the albedo, to increase the melt-rate enhancement to up to 6.1 cm/day. Melting is accelerated by four previously-unconsidered wave-driven positive feedbacks.
Niels Dutrievoz, Cécile Agosta, Cécile Davrinche, Amaëlle Landais, Sébastien Nguyen, Étienne Vignon, Inès Ollivier, Christophe Leroy-Dos Santos, Elise Fourré, Mathieu Casado, Jonathan Wille, Vincent Favier, Bénédicte Minster, and Frédéric Prié
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2590, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2590, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In December 2018, an atmospheric river event from the Atlantic reached Dome C, East Antarctica, causing a +18 °C warming, tripled water vapour, and a strong isotopic anomaly in water vapour (+ 17 ‰ for δ18O) at the surface. During the peak of the event, we found 70 % of the water vapour came from local snow sublimation, and 30 % from the atmospheric river itself, highlighting both large-scale advection and local interactions at the surface.
Georgina Falster, Gab Abramowitz, Sanaa Hobeichi, Cath Hughes, Pauline Treble, Nerilie J. Abram, Michael I. Bird, Alexandre Cauquoin, Bronwyn Dixon, Russell Drysdale, Chenhui Jin, Niels Munksgaard, Bernadette Proemse, Jonathan J. Tyler, Martin Werner, and Carol Tadros
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2458, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2458, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).
Short summary
Short summary
We used a random forest approach to produce estimates of monthly precipitation stable isotope variability from 1962–2023, at high resolution across the entire Australian continent. Comprehensive skill and sensitivity testing shows that our random forest models skilfully predict precipitation isotope values in places and times that observations are not available. We make all outputs publicly available, facilitating use in fields from ecology and hydrology to archaeology and forensic science.
Titouan Tcheng, Elise Fourré, Christophe Leroy-Dos-Santos, Frédéric Parrenin, Emmanuel Le Meur, Frédéric Prié, Olivier Jossoud, Roxanne Jacob, Bénédicte Minster, Olivier Magand, Cécile Agosta, Niels Dutrievoz, Vincent Favier, Léa Baubant, Coralie Lassalle-Bernard, Mathieu Casado, Martin Werner, Alexandre Cauquoin, Laurent Arnaud, Bruno Jourdain, Ghislain Picard, Marie Bouchet, and Amaëlle Landais
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2863, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2863, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for The Cryosphere (TC).
Short summary
Short summary
Studying Antarctic ice cores is crucial to assess past climate changes, as they hold historical climate data. This study examines multiple ice cores from three sites in coastal Adélie Land to see if combining cores improves data interpretability. It does at two sites, but at a third, wind-driven snow layer mixing limited benefits. We show that using multiple ice cores from one location can better uncover climate history, especially in areas with less wind disturbance.
Claudio Stefanini, Barbara Stenni, Mauro Masiol, Giuliano Dreossi, Vincent Favier, Francesca Becherini, Claudio Scarchilli, Virginia Ciardini, Gabriele Carugati, and Massimo Frezzotti
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2477, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2477, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzes snow accumulation near Concordia Station in Antarctica (3233 m) to estimate yearly snow accumulation. Data from Italian and French stake farms show strong variation due to wind and surface features. On average, 7–8 cm of snow accumulate yearly near the Station. The study also compares results with climate models and explores whether the station buildings affect measurements.
Felix Pollak, Frédéric Parrenin, Emilie Capron, Zanna Chase, Lenneke Jong, and Etienne Legrain
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2233, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2233, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) marked a shift towards extended glacial periods and amplitudes, while its underlying mechanisms are still disputed. Here, we present a new conceptual model capable of simulating the global ice volume over the last 2.6 Ma and reconstructing the MPT. We find that a long-lasting, gradual trend in the climate system is most favourable in reconstructing the MPT and that for the last 900 ka, precession was more important for glacial terminations than obliquity.
Max T. Nilssen, Danielle G. Udy, and Tessa R. Vance
Clim. Past, 21, 897–917, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-897-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-897-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Reanalyses can be used to study past weather and climate, but their reliability is uncertain in data-sparse regions, such as the southern Indian Ocean. We used weather typing and an ice core record from East Antarctica to show that the 20th Century Reanalysis project can better represent the weather conditions that lead to snowfall variability at the ice core site when key weather observations from the Southern Ocean (e.g. Macquarie Island) commence around the mid-20th century.
Nicolas C. Jourdain, Charles Amory, Christoph Kittel, and Gaël Durand
The Cryosphere, 19, 1641–1674, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1641-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1641-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A mixed statistical–physical approach is used to reproduce the behaviour of a regional climate model. From that, we estimate the contribution of snowfall and melting at the surface of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to changes in global mean sea level. We also investigate the impact of surface melting in a warmer climate on the stability of the Antarctic ice shelves that provide back stress on the ice flow to the ocean.
John Bright Ayabilah, Matt King, Danielle Udy, and Tessa Vance
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1187, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1187, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Large-scale climate modes significantly influence Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) mass variability. This study investigates AIS variability during different El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) periods using GRACE data (2002–2022). Results show strong spatial variability driven by changes in the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM). This highlights the importance of understanding these patterns for future ice mass estimates and sea level rise predictions.
Cécile Davrinche, Anaïs Orsi, Charles Amory, Christoph Kittel, and Cécile Agosta
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1419, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1419, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse 4 projections of winter surface winds in Antarctica. On the continent, projected changes in wind speed by 2100 reveal opposing trends depending on the area and model. Nevertheless, models agree on a strengthening of surface winds in Adélie Land for example and a weakening in some coastal areas. Lastly, we attribute strengthening of near-surface winds to changes in the large-sale atmospheric circulation and weakening of near-surface to changes in the structure of the lower atmosphere.
Alison Delhasse, Christoph Kittel, and Johanna Beckmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-709, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-709, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) responds to different levels of stabilized global warming, and if the climate cools back. Our findings show that global temperature increases beyond +2.3 °C mark a critical threshold. We also highlight the importance of limiting warming to avoid irreversible ice loss, as well as the potential for recovery after temporarily exceeding warming thresholds if action is taken quickly to lower global temperatures.
Andrew D. King, Nerilie J. Abram, Eduardo Alastrué de Asenjo, and Tilo Ziehn
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-903, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-903, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
It is vital that climate changes under net zero emissions are well understood to support decision making processes. Current modelling efforts are insufficient, partly due to limited simulation lengths. We propose a framework for 1000-year-long simulations that attempts to minimise computing resources by leveraging existing simulations. This will ultimately increase understanding of the implications of current climate policies for the Earth System over coming decades and centuries.
Hans Segura, Xabier Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, Philipp Weiss, Sebastian K. Müller, Thomas Rackow, Junhong Lee, Edgar Dolores-Tesillos, Imme Benedict, Matthias Aengenheyster, Razvan Aguridan, Gabriele Arduini, Alexander J. Baker, Jiawei Bao, Swantje Bastin, Eulàlia Baulenas, Tobias Becker, Sebastian Beyer, Hendryk Bockelmann, Nils Brüggemann, Lukas Brunner, Suvarchal K. Cheedela, Sushant Das, Jasper Denissen, Ian Dragaud, Piotr Dziekan, Madeleine Ekblom, Jan Frederik Engels, Monika Esch, Richard Forbes, Claudia Frauen, Lilli Freischem, Diego García-Maroto, Philipp Geier, Paul Gierz, Álvaro González-Cervera, Katherine Grayson, Matthew Griffith, Oliver Gutjahr, Helmuth Haak, Ioan Hadade, Kerstin Haslehner, Shabeh ul Hasson, Jan Hegewald, Lukas Kluft, Aleksei Koldunov, Nikolay Koldunov, Tobias Kölling, Shunya Koseki, Sergey Kosukhin, Josh Kousal, Peter Kuma, Arjun U. Kumar, Rumeng Li, Nicolas Maury, Maximilian Meindl, Sebastian Milinski, Kristian Mogensen, Bimochan Niraula, Jakub Nowak, Divya Sri Praturi, Ulrike Proske, Dian Putrasahan, René Redler, David Santuy, Domokos Sármány, Reiner Schnur, Patrick Scholz, Dmitry Sidorenko, Dorian Spät, Birgit Sützl, Daisuke Takasuka, Adrian Tompkins, Alejandro Uribe, Mirco Valentini, Menno Veerman, Aiko Voigt, Sarah Warnau, Fabian Wachsmann, Marta Wacławczyk, Nils Wedi, Karl-Hermann Wieners, Jonathan Wille, Marius Winkler, Yuting Wu, Florian Ziemen, Janos Zimmermann, Frida A.-M. Bender, Dragana Bojovic, Sandrine Bony, Simona Bordoni, Patrice Brehmer, Marcus Dengler, Emanuel Dutra, Saliou Faye, Erich Fischer, Chiel van Heerwaarden, Cathy Hohenegger, Heikki Järvinen, Markus Jochum, Thomas Jung, Johann H. Jungclaus, Noel S. Keenlyside, Daniel Klocke, Heike Konow, Martina Klose, Szymon Malinowski, Olivia Martius, Thorsten Mauritsen, Juan Pedro Mellado, Theresa Mieslinger, Elsa Mohino, Hanna Pawłowska, Karsten Peters-von Gehlen, Abdoulaye Sarré, Pajam Sobhani, Philip Stier, Lauri Tuppi, Pier Luigi Vidale, Irina Sandu, and Bjorn Stevens
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-509, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-509, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The nextGEMS project developed two Earth system models that resolve processes of the order of 10 km, giving more fidelity to the representation of local phenomena, globally. In its fourth cycle, nextGEMS performed simulations with coupled ocean, land, and atmosphere over the 2020–2049 period under the SSP3-7.0 scenario. Here, we provide an overview of nextGEMS, insights into the model development, and the realism of multi-decadal, kilometer-scale simulations.
Justine Caillet, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Pierre Mathiot, Fabien Gillet-Chaulet, Benoit Urruty, Clara Burgard, Charles Amory, Mondher Chekki, and Christoph Kittel
Earth Syst. Dynam., 16, 293–315, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-293-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-293-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Internal climate variability, resulting from processes intrinsic to the climate system, modulates the Antarctic response to climate change by delaying or offsetting its effects. Using climate and ice-sheet models, we highlight that irreducible internal climate variability significantly enlarges the likely range of Antarctic contribution to sea-level rise until 2100. Thus, we recommend considering internal climate variability as a source of uncertainty for future ice-sheet projections.
Diana Francis, Ricardo Fonseca, Narendra Nelli, Petra Heil, Jonathan Wille, Irina Gorodetskaya, and Robert Massom
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3535, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3535, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the impact of atmospheric rivers and associated atmospheric dynamics on sea-ice thickness and snow depth at a coastal site in East Antarctica during July–November 2022 using in-situ measurements and numerical modelling. The passage of an atmospheric river induced a reduction of up to 0.06 m in both fields. Precipitation occurred from the convergence of katabatic winds with advected low-latitude moist air.
Jordan R. W. Martin, Joel B. Pedro, and Tessa R. Vance
Clim. Past, 20, 2487–2497, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2487-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2487-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use existing palaeoclimate data and a statistical model to predict atmospheric CO2 concentrations across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Our prediction assumes that the relationship between CO2 and benthic ẟ18Ocalcite over the past 800 000 years can be extended over the last 1.8 million years. We find no clear evidence from existing blue ice or proxy-based CO2 data to reject the predicted record. A definitive test awaits analysis of continuous oldest ice core records from Antarctica.
Margaret Mallory Harlan, Jodi Fox, Helle Astrid Kjær, Tessa R. Vance, Anders Svensson, and Eliza Cook
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-64, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-64, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for CP
Short summary
Short summary
We identify two tephra horizons in the Mount Brown South (MBS) ice core originating from the mid-1980s eruptive period of Mt. Erebus and the 1991 eruption of Cerro Hudson. They represent an important addition to East Antarctic tephrochronology, with implications for understanding atmospheric dynamics and ice core chronologies. This work underpins the importance of the MBS ice core as a new tephrochronological archive in an underrepresented region of coastal East Antarctica.
Sanne B. M. Veldhuijsen, Willem Jan van de Berg, Peter Kuipers Munneke, Nicolaj Hansen, Fredrik Boberg, Christoph Kittel, Charles Amory, and Michiel R. van den Broeke
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2855, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2855, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Perennial firn aquifers (PFAs), year-round bodies of liquid water within firn, can potentially impact ice-shelf and ice-sheet stability. We developed a fast XGBoost firn emulator to predict 21st-century distribution of PFAs in Antarctica for 12 climatic forcings datasets. Our findings suggest that under low emission scenarios, PFAs remain confined to the Antarctic Peninsula. However, under a high-emission scenario, PFAs are projected to expand to a region in West Antarctica and East Antarctica.
Margaret Harlan, Helle Astrid Kjær, Aylin de Campo, Anders Svensson, Thomas Blunier, Vasileios Gkinis, Sarah Jackson, Christopher Plummer, and Tessa Vance
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-335, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-335, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides high-resolution chemistry and impurity measurements from the Mount Brown South ice core in East Antarctica, from 873 to 2009 CE. Measurements include sodium, ammonium, hydrogen peroxide, electrolytic conductivity, and insoluble microparticles. Data are provided on three scales: 1 mm and 3 cm averaged depth resolution and decadally averaged. The paper also describes the continuous flow analysis systems used to collect the data as well as uncertainties and data quality.
Helen J. Shea, Ailie Gallant, Ariaan Purich, and Tessa R. Vance
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2660, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2660, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The tropical Pacific influences sea salt levels in the ice core from Mount Brown South (MBS), East Antarctica. High sea salt years are linked to stronger westerly winds and increased sea ice near MBS's northeast coast. El Niño events affect wind patterns around MBS, impacting sea salt sources. Low pressure storms off the coast might transport sea salts from sea ice regions to MBS. Identifying these mechanisms aids in the understanding of climate variability before instrumental records.
Siobhan F. Killingbeck, Anja Rutishauser, Martyn J. Unsworth, Ashley Dubnick, Alison S. Criscitiello, James Killingbeck, Christine F. Dow, Tim Hill, Adam D. Booth, Brittany Main, and Eric Brossier
The Cryosphere, 18, 3699–3722, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3699-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3699-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A subglacial lake was proposed to exist beneath Devon Ice Cap in the Canadian Arctic based on the analysis of airborne data. Our study presents a new interpretation of the subglacial material beneath the Devon Ice Cap from surface-based geophysical data. We show that there is no evidence of subglacial water, and the subglacial lake has likely been misidentified. Re-evaluation of the airborne data shows that overestimation of a critical processing parameter has likely occurred in prior studies.
Xin Yang, Kimberly Strong, Alison S. Criscitiello, Marta Santos-Garcia, Kristof Bognar, Xiaoyi Zhao, Pierre Fogal, Kaley A. Walker, Sara M. Morris, and Peter Effertz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5863–5886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5863-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5863-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses snow samples collected from a Canadian high Arctic site, Eureka, to demonstrate that surface snow in early spring is a net sink of atmospheric bromine and nitrogen. Surface snow bromide and nitrate are significantly correlated, indicating the oxidation of reactive nitrogen is accelerated by reactive bromine. In addition, we show evidence that snow photochemical release of reactive bromine is very weak, and its emission flux is much smaller than the deposition flux of bromide.
Laura Velasquez-Jimenez and Nerilie J. Abram
Clim. Past, 20, 1125–1139, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1125-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1125-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) influences climate in the Southern Hemisphere. We investigate the effects of calculation method and data used to calculate the SAM index and how it influences the relationship between the SAM and climate. We propose a method to calculate a natural SAM index that facilitates consistency between studies, including when using different data resolutions, avoiding distortion of SAM impacts and allowing for more reliable results of past and future SAM trends.
Cécile Davrinche, Anaïs Orsi, Cécile Agosta, Charles Amory, and Christoph Kittel
The Cryosphere, 18, 2239–2256, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2239-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2239-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal surface winds in Antarctica are amongst the strongest winds on Earth. They are either driven by the cooling of the surface air mass by the ice sheet (katabatic) or by large-scale pressure systems. Here we compute the relative contribution of these drivers. We find that seasonal variations in the wind speed come from the katabatic acceleration, but, at a 3-hourly timescale, none of the large-scale or katabatic accelerations can be considered as the main driver.
Tessa R. Vance, Nerilie J. Abram, Alison S. Criscitiello, Camilla K. Crockart, Aylin DeCampo, Vincent Favier, Vasileios Gkinis, Margaret Harlan, Sarah L. Jackson, Helle A. Kjær, Chelsea A. Long, Meredith K. Nation, Christopher T. Plummer, Delia Segato, Andrea Spolaor, and Paul T. Vallelonga
Clim. Past, 20, 969–990, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-969-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-969-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the chronologies from the new Mount Brown South ice cores from East Antarctica, which were developed by counting annual layers in the ice core data and aligning these to volcanic sulfate signatures. The uncertainty in the dating is quantified, and we discuss initial results from seasonal cycle analysis and mean annual concentrations. The chronologies will underpin the development of new proxy records for East Antarctica spanning the past millennium.
Georgina M. Falster, Nicky M. Wright, Nerilie J. Abram, Anna M. Ukkola, and Benjamin J. Henley
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1383–1401, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1383-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1383-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Multi-year droughts have severe environmental and economic impacts, but the instrumental record is too short to characterise multi-year drought variability. We assessed the nature of Australian multi-year droughts using simulations of the past millennium from 11 climate models. We show that multi-decadal
megadroughtsare a natural feature of the Australian hydroclimate. Human-caused climate change is also driving a tendency towards longer droughts in eastern and southwestern Australia.
Alison Delhasse, Johanna Beckmann, Christoph Kittel, and Xavier Fettweis
The Cryosphere, 18, 633–651, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-633-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-633-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aiming to study the long-term influence of an extremely warm climate in the Greenland Ice Sheet contribution to sea level rise, a new regional atmosphere–ice sheet model setup was established. The coupling, explicitly considering the melt–elevation feedback, is compared to an offline method to consider this feedback. We highlight mitigation of the feedback due to local changes in atmospheric circulation with changes in surface topography, making the offline correction invalid on the margins.
Claudio Stefanini, Giovanni Macelloni, Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Vincent Favier, Benjamin Pohl, and Ghislain Picard
The Cryosphere, 18, 593–608, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-593-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-593-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Local and large-scale meteorological conditions have been considered in order to explain some peculiar changes of snow grains on the East Antarctic Plateau from 2000 to 2022, by using remote sensing observations and reanalysis. We identified some extreme grain size events on the highest ice divide, resulting from a combination of conditions of low wind speed and low temperature. Moreover, the beginning of seasonal grain growth has been linked to the occurrence of atmospheric rivers.
Violaine Coulon, Ann Kristin Klose, Christoph Kittel, Tamsin Edwards, Fiona Turner, Ricarda Winkelmann, and Frank Pattyn
The Cryosphere, 18, 653–681, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-653-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-653-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present new projections of the evolution of the Antarctic ice sheet until the end of the millennium, calibrated with observations. We show that the ocean will be the main trigger of future ice loss. As temperatures continue to rise, the atmosphere's role may shift from mitigating to amplifying Antarctic mass loss already by the end of the century. For high-emission scenarios, this may lead to substantial sea-level rise. Adopting sustainable practices would however reduce the rate of ice loss.
Kazuya Kusahara, Daisuke Hirano, Masakazu Fujii, Alexander D. Fraser, Takeshi Tamura, Kohei Mizobata, Guy D. Williams, and Shigeru Aoki
The Cryosphere, 18, 43–73, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-43-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-43-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on the Totten and Moscow University ice shelves, East Antarctica. We used an ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model to better understand regional interactions between ocean, sea ice, and ice shelf. We found that a combination of warm ocean water and local sea ice production influences the regional ice shelf basal melting. Furthermore, the model reproduced the summertime undercurrent on the upper continental slope, regulating ocean heat transport onto the continental shelf.
Aymeric P. M. Servettaz, Cécile Agosta, Christoph Kittel, and Anaïs J. Orsi
The Cryosphere, 17, 5373–5389, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5373-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5373-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
It has been previously observed in polar regions that the atmospheric temperature is warmer during precipitation events. Here, we use a regional atmospheric model to quantify the temperature changes associated with snowfall events across Antarctica. We show that more intense snowfall is statistically associated with a warmer temperature anomaly compared to the seasonal average, with the largest anomalies seen in winter. This bias may affect water isotopes in ice cores deposited during snowfall.
Lingwei Zhang, Tessa R. Vance, Alexander D. Fraser, Lenneke M. Jong, Sarah S. Thompson, Alison S. Criscitiello, and Nerilie J. Abram
The Cryosphere, 17, 5155–5173, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5155-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5155-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Physical features in ice cores provide unique records of past variability. We identified 1–2 mm ice layers without bubbles in surface ice cores from Law Dome, East Antarctica, occurring on average five times per year. The origin of these bubble-free layers is unknown. In this study, we investigate whether they have the potential to record past atmospheric processes and circulation. We find that the bubble-free layers are linked to accumulation hiatus events and meridional moisture transport.
Damien Maure, Christoph Kittel, Clara Lambin, Alison Delhasse, and Xavier Fettweis
The Cryosphere, 17, 4645–4659, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4645-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4645-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is warming faster than the rest of the Earth. Studies have already shown that Greenland and the Canadian Arctic are experiencing a record increase in melting rates, while Svalbard has been relatively less impacted. Looking at those regions but also extending the study to Iceland and the Russian Arctic archipelagoes, we see a heterogeneity in the melting-rate response to the Arctic warming, with the Russian archipelagoes experiencing lower melting rates than other regions.
Thomas Dethinne, Quentin Glaude, Ghislain Picard, Christoph Kittel, Patrick Alexander, Anne Orban, and Xavier Fettweis
The Cryosphere, 17, 4267–4288, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4267-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4267-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the sensitivity of the regional climate model
Modèle Atmosphérique Régional(MAR) to the assimilation of wet-snow occurrence estimated by remote sensing datasets. The assimilation is performed by nudging the MAR snowpack temperature. The data assimilation is performed over the Antarctic Peninsula for the 2019–2021 period. The results show an increase in the melt production (+66.7 %) and a decrease in surface mass balance (−4.5 %) of the model for the 2019–2020 melt season.
Sarah L. Jackson, Tessa R. Vance, Camilla Crockart, Andrew Moy, Christopher Plummer, and Nerilie J. Abram
Clim. Past, 19, 1653–1675, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1653-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1653-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice core records are useful tools for reconstructing past climate. However, ice cores favour recording climate conditions at times when snowfall occurs. Large snowfall events in Antarctica are often associated with warmer-than-usual temperatures. We show that this results in a tendency for the Mount Brown South ice core record to preserve a temperature record biased to the climate conditions that exist during extreme events, rather than a temperature record that reflects the mean annual climate.
Elizabeth R. Thomas, Diana O. Vladimirova, Dieter R. Tetzner, B. Daniel Emanuelsson, Nathan Chellman, Daniel A. Dixon, Hugues Goosse, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Amy C. F. King, Michael Sigl, Danielle G. Udy, Tessa R. Vance, Dominic A. Winski, V. Holly L. Winton, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Akira Hori, Chavarukonam M. Laluraj, Joseph R. McConnell, Yuko Motizuki, Kazuya Takahashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoichi Nakai, Franciéle Schwanck, Jefferson Cardia Simões, Filipe Gaudie Ley Lindau, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Sarah Wauthy, Cunde Xiao, Jiao Yang, Ellen Mosely-Thompson, Tamara V. Khodzher, Ludmila P. Golobokova, and Alexey A. Ekaykin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2517–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The concentration of sodium and sulfate measured in Antarctic ice cores is related to changes in both sea ice and winds. Here we have compiled a database of sodium and sulfate records from 105 ice core sites in Antarctica. The records span all, or part, of the past 2000 years. The records will improve our understanding of how winds and sea ice have changed in the past and how they have influenced the climate of Antarctica over the past 2000 years.
Sara Arioli, Ghislain Picard, Laurent Arnaud, and Vincent Favier
The Cryosphere, 17, 2323–2342, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2323-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2323-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To assess the drivers of the snow grain size evolution during snow drift, we exploit a 5-year time series of the snow grain size retrieved from spectral-albedo observations made with a new, autonomous, multi-band radiometer and compare it to observations of snow drift, snowfall and snowmelt at a windy location of coastal Antarctica. Our results highlight the complexity of the grain size evolution in the presence of snow drift and show an overall tendency of snow drift to limit its variations.
Rachel M. Walter, Hussein R. Sayani, Thomas Felis, Kim M. Cobb, Nerilie J. Abram, Ariella K. Arzey, Alyssa R. Atwood, Logan D. Brenner, Émilie P. Dassié, Kristine L. DeLong, Bethany Ellis, Julien Emile-Geay, Matthew J. Fischer, Nathalie F. Goodkin, Jessica A. Hargreaves, K. Halimeda Kilbourne, Hedwig Krawczyk, Nicholas P. McKay, Andrea L. Moore, Sujata A. Murty, Maria Rosabelle Ong, Riovie D. Ramos, Emma V. Reed, Dhrubajyoti Samanta, Sara C. Sanchez, Jens Zinke, and the PAGES CoralHydro2k Project Members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2081–2116, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2081-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2081-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Accurately quantifying how the global hydrological cycle will change in the future remains challenging due to the limited availability of historical climate data from the tropics. Here we present the CoralHydro2k database – a new compilation of peer-reviewed coral-based climate records from the last 2000 years. This paper details the records included in the database and where the database can be accessed and demonstrates how the database can investigate past tropical climate variability.
Inès N. Otosaka, Andrew Shepherd, Erik R. Ivins, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Charles Amory, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Martin Horwath, Ian Joughin, Michalea D. King, Gerhard Krinner, Sophie Nowicki, Anthony J. Payne, Eric Rignot, Ted Scambos, Karen M. Simon, Benjamin E. Smith, Louise S. Sørensen, Isabella Velicogna, Pippa L. Whitehouse, Geruo A, Cécile Agosta, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Alejandro Blazquez, William Colgan, Marcus E. Engdahl, Xavier Fettweis, Rene Forsberg, Hubert Gallée, Alex Gardner, Lin Gilbert, Noel Gourmelen, Andreas Groh, Brian C. Gunter, Christopher Harig, Veit Helm, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, Christoph Kittel, Hannes Konrad, Peter L. Langen, Benoit S. Lecavalier, Chia-Chun Liang, Bryant D. Loomis, Malcolm McMillan, Daniele Melini, Sebastian H. Mernild, Ruth Mottram, Jeremie Mouginot, Johan Nilsson, Brice Noël, Mark E. Pattle, William R. Peltier, Nadege Pie, Mònica Roca, Ingo Sasgen, Himanshu V. Save, Ki-Weon Seo, Bernd Scheuchl, Ernst J. O. Schrama, Ludwig Schröder, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Thomas Slater, Giorgio Spada, Tyler C. Sutterley, Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma, Jan Melchior van Wessem, David Wiese, Wouter van der Wal, and Bert Wouters
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1597–1616, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
By measuring changes in the volume, gravitational attraction, and ice flow of Greenland and Antarctica from space, we can monitor their mass gain and loss over time. Here, we present a new record of the Earth’s polar ice sheet mass balance produced by aggregating 50 satellite-based estimates of ice sheet mass change. This new assessment shows that the ice sheets have lost (7.5 x 1012) t of ice between 1992 and 2020, contributing 21 mm to sea level rise.
Ruhi S. Humphries, Melita D. Keywood, Jason P. Ward, James Harnwell, Simon P. Alexander, Andrew R. Klekociuk, Keiichiro Hara, Ian M. McRobert, Alain Protat, Joel Alroe, Luke T. Cravigan, Branka Miljevic, Zoran D. Ristovski, Robyn Schofield, Stephen R. Wilson, Connor J. Flynn, Gourihar R. Kulkarni, Gerald G. Mace, Greg M. McFarquhar, Scott D. Chambers, Alastair G. Williams, and Alan D. Griffiths
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3749–3777, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3749-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3749-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Observations of aerosols in pristine regions are rare but are vital to constraining the natural baseline from which climate simulations are calculated. Here we present recent seasonal observations of aerosols from the Southern Ocean and contrast them with measurements from Antarctica, Australia and regionally relevant voyages. Strong seasonal cycles persist, but striking differences occur at different latitudes. This study highlights the need for more long-term observations in remote regions.
Michelle L. Maclennan, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Christine A. Shields, Andrew O. Hoffman, Nander Wever, Megan Thompson-Munson, Andrew C. Winters, Erin C. Pettit, Theodore A. Scambos, and Jonathan D. Wille
The Cryosphere, 17, 865–881, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-865-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-865-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric rivers are air masses that transport large amounts of moisture and heat towards the poles. Here, we use a combination of weather observations and models to quantify the amount of snowfall caused by atmospheric rivers in West Antarctica which is about 10 % of the total snowfall each year. We then examine a unique event that occurred in early February 2020, when three atmospheric rivers made landfall over West Antarctica in rapid succession, leading to heavy snowfall and surface melt.
Sarah S. Thompson, Bernd Kulessa, Adrian Luckman, Jacqueline A. Halpin, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Tyler Pelle, Feras Habbal, Jingxue Guo, Lenneke M. Jong, Jason L. Roberts, Bo Sun, and Donald D. Blankenship
The Cryosphere, 17, 157–174, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-157-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-157-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use satellite imagery and ice penetrating radar to investigate the stability of the Shackleton system in East Antarctica. We find significant changes in surface structures across the system and observe a significant increase in ice flow speed (up to 50 %) on the floating part of Scott Glacier. We conclude that knowledge remains woefully insufficient to explain recent observed changes in the grounded and floating regions of the system.
Xin Yang, Kimberly Strong, Alison S. Criscitiello, Marta Santos-Garcia, Kristof Bognar, Xiaoyi Zhao, Pierre Fogal, Kaley A. Walker, Sara M. Morris, and Peter Effertz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-696, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-696, 2022
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Snow pack in high Arctic plays a key role in polar atmospheric chemistry, especially in spring when photochemistry becomes active. By sampling surface snow from a Canadian high Arctic location at Eureka, Nunavut (80° N, 86° W), we demonstrate that surface snow is a net sink rather than a source of atmospheric reactive bromine and nitrate. This finding is new and opposite to previous conclusions that snowpack is a large and direct source of reactive bromine in polar spring.
Helle Astrid Kjær, Patrick Zens, Samuel Black, Kasper Holst Lund, Anders Svensson, and Paul Vallelonga
Clim. Past, 18, 2211–2230, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2211-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2211-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Six shallow cores from northern Greenland spanning a distance of 426 km were retrieved during a traversal in 2015. We identify several recent acid horizons associated with Icelandic eruptions and eruptions in the Barents Sea region and obtain a robust forest fire proxy associated primarily with Canadian forest fires. We also observe an increase in the large dust particle fluxes that we attribute to an activation of Greenland local sources in recent years (1998–2015).
Jeremy Carter, Amber Leeson, Andrew Orr, Christoph Kittel, and J. Melchior van Wessem
The Cryosphere, 16, 3815–3841, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3815-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3815-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Climate models provide valuable information for studying processes such as the collapse of ice shelves over Antarctica which impact estimates of sea level rise. This paper examines variability across climate simulations over Antarctica for fields including snowfall, temperature and melt. Significant systematic differences between outputs are found, occurring at both large and fine spatial scales across Antarctica. Results are important for future impact assessments and model development.
Lenneke M. Jong, Christopher T. Plummer, Jason L. Roberts, Andrew D. Moy, Mark A. J. Curran, Tessa R. Vance, Joel B. Pedro, Chelsea A. Long, Meredith Nation, Paul A. Mayewski, and Tas D. van Ommen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3313–3328, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3313-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3313-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ice core records from Law Dome in East Antarctica, collected over the the last 3 decades, provide high-resolution data for studies of the climate of Antarctica, Australia and the Southern and Indo-Pacific oceans. Here, we present a set of annually dated records from Law Dome covering the last 2000 years. This dataset provides an update and extensions both forward and back in time of previously published subsets of the data, bringing them together into a coherent set with improved dating.
Christoph Kittel, Charles Amory, Stefan Hofer, Cécile Agosta, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Ella Gilbert, Louis Le Toumelin, Étienne Vignon, Hubert Gallée, and Xavier Fettweis
The Cryosphere, 16, 2655–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2655-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2655-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Model projections suggest large differences in future Antarctic surface melting even for similar greenhouse gas scenarios and warming rates. We show that clouds containing a larger amount of liquid water lead to stronger melt. As surface melt can trigger the collapse of the ice shelves (the safety band of the Antarctic Ice Sheet), clouds could be a major source of uncertainties in projections of sea level rise.
Nicky M. Wright, Claire E. Krause, Steven J. Phipps, Ghyslaine Boschat, and Nerilie J. Abram
Clim. Past, 18, 1509–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1509-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1509-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is a major mode of climate variability. Proxy-based SAM reconstructions show changes that last millennium climate simulations do not reproduce. We test the SAM's sensitivity to solar forcing using simulations with a range of solar values and transient last millennium simulations with large-amplitude solar variations. We find that solar forcing can alter the SAM and that strong solar forcing transient simulations better match proxy-based reconstructions.
Adrien Guyot, Alain Protat, Simon P. Alexander, Andrew R. Klekociuk, Peter Kuma, and Adrian McDonald
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3663–3681, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3663-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3663-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ceilometers are instruments that are widely deployed as part of operational networks. They are usually not able to detect cloud phase. Here, we propose an evaluation of various methods to detect supercooled liquid water with ceilometer observations, using an extensive dataset from Davis, Antarctica. Our results highlight the possibility for ceilometers to detect supercooled liquid water in clouds.
Jill Brouwer, Alexander D. Fraser, Damian J. Murphy, Pat Wongpan, Alberto Alberello, Alison Kohout, Christopher Horvat, Simon Wotherspoon, Robert A. Massom, Jessica Cartwright, and Guy D. Williams
The Cryosphere, 16, 2325–2353, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2325-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2325-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The marginal ice zone is the region where ocean waves interact with sea ice. Although this important region influences many sea ice, ocean and biological processes, it has been difficult to accurately measure on a large scale from satellite instruments. We present new techniques for measuring wave attenuation using the NASA ICESat-2 laser altimeter. By measuring how waves attenuate within the sea ice, we show that the marginal ice zone may be far wider than previously realised.
Julien Westhoff, Giulia Sinnl, Anders Svensson, Johannes Freitag, Helle Astrid Kjær, Paul Vallelonga, Bo Vinther, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, and Ilka Weikusat
Clim. Past, 18, 1011–1034, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1011-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1011-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a melt event record from an ice core from central Greenland, which covers the past 10 000 years. Our record displays warm summer events, which can be used to enhance our understanding of the past climate. We compare our data to anomalies in tree ring width, which also represents summer temperatures, and find a good correlation. Furthermore, we investigate an outstandingly warm event in the year 986 AD or 991 AD, which has not been analyzed before.
Tian R. Tian, Alexander D. Fraser, Noriaki Kimura, Chen Zhao, and Petra Heil
The Cryosphere, 16, 1299–1314, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1299-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1299-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a comprehensive validation of a satellite observational sea ice motion product in Antarctica by using drifting buoys. Two problems existing in this sea ice motion product have been noticed. After rectifying problems, we use it to investigate the impacts of satellite observational configuration and timescale on Antarctic sea ice kinematics and suggest the future improvement of satellite missions specifically designed for retrieval of sea ice motion.
Tobias Erhardt, Matthias Bigler, Urs Federer, Gideon Gfeller, Daiana Leuenberger, Olivia Stowasser, Regine Röthlisberger, Simon Schüpbach, Urs Ruth, Birthe Twarloh, Anna Wegner, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Takayuki Kuramoto, Helle A. Kjær, Paul T. Vallelonga, Marie-Louise Siggaard-Andersen, Margareta E. Hansson, Ailsa K. Benton, Louise G. Fleet, Rob Mulvaney, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Nerilie Abram, Thomas F. Stocker, and Hubertus Fischer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1215–1231, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1215-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1215-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The datasets presented alongside this manuscript contain high-resolution concentration measurements of chemical impurities in deep ice cores, NGRIP and NEEM, from the Greenland ice sheet. The impurities originate from the deposition of aerosols to the surface of the ice sheet and are influenced by source, transport and deposition processes. Together, these records contain detailed, multi-parameter records of past climate variability over the last glacial period.
Nicolaj Hansen, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Fredrik Boberg, Christoph Kittel, Andrew Orr, Niels Souverijns, J. Melchior van Wessem, and Ruth Mottram
The Cryosphere, 16, 711–718, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-711-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-711-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the impact of different ice masks when modelling surface mass balance over Antarctica. We used ice masks and data from five of the most used regional climate models and a common mask. We see large disagreement between the ice masks, which has a large impact on the surface mass balance, especially around the Antarctic Peninsula and some of the largest glaciers. We suggest a solution for creating a new, up-to-date, high-resolution ice mask that can be used in Antarctic modelling.
Jessica Cartwright, Alexander D. Fraser, and Richard Porter-Smith
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 479–490, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-479-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-479-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the scale and remote nature of the polar regions, it is essential to use satellite remote sensing to monitor and understand them and their dynamics. Here we present data from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), processed in a manner proven for use in cryosphere studies. The data have been processed on three timescales (5 d, 2 d and 1 d) in order to optimise temporal resolution as each of the three MetOp satellites is launched.
Anja Rutishauser, Donald D. Blankenship, Duncan A. Young, Natalie S. Wolfenbarger, Lucas H. Beem, Mark L. Skidmore, Ashley Dubnick, and Alison S. Criscitiello
The Cryosphere, 16, 379–395, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-379-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-379-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, a hypersaline subglacial lake complex was hypothesized to lie beneath Devon Ice Cap, Canadian Arctic. Here, we present results from a follow-on targeted aerogeophysical survey. Our results support the evidence for a hypersaline subglacial lake and reveal an extensive brine network, suggesting more complex subglacial hydrological conditions than previously inferred. This hypersaline system may host microbial habitats, making it a compelling analog for bines on other icy worlds.
Charles Pelletier, Thierry Fichefet, Hugues Goosse, Konstanze Haubner, Samuel Helsen, Pierre-Vincent Huot, Christoph Kittel, François Klein, Sébastien Le clec'h, Nicole P. M. van Lipzig, Sylvain Marchi, François Massonnet, Pierre Mathiot, Ehsan Moravveji, Eduardo Moreno-Chamarro, Pablo Ortega, Frank Pattyn, Niels Souverijns, Guillian Van Achter, Sam Vanden Broucke, Alexander Vanhulle, Deborah Verfaillie, and Lars Zipf
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 553–594, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present PARASO, a circumpolar model for simulating the Antarctic climate. PARASO features five distinct models, each covering different Earth system subcomponents (ice sheet, atmosphere, land, sea ice, ocean). In this technical article, we describe how this tool has been developed, with a focus on the
coupling interfacesrepresenting the feedbacks between the distinct models used for contribution. PARASO is stable and ready to use but is still characterized by significant biases.
Alexander D. Fraser, Robert A. Massom, Mark S. Handcock, Phillip Reid, Kay I. Ohshima, Marilyn N. Raphael, Jessica Cartwright, Andrew R. Klekociuk, Zhaohui Wang, and Richard Porter-Smith
The Cryosphere, 15, 5061–5077, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5061-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5061-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Landfast ice is sea ice that remains stationary by attaching to Antarctica's coastline and grounded icebergs. Although a variable feature, landfast ice exerts influence on key coastal processes involving pack ice, the ice sheet, ocean, and atmosphere and is of ecological importance. We present a first analysis of change in landfast ice over an 18-year period and quantify trends (−0.19 ± 0.18 % yr−1). This analysis forms a reference of landfast-ice extent and variability for use in other studies.
Yaowen Zheng, Lenneke M. Jong, Steven J. Phipps, Jason L. Roberts, Andrew D. Moy, Mark A. J. Curran, and Tas D. van Ommen
Clim. Past, 17, 1973–1987, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1973-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1973-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
South West Western Australia has experienced a prolonged drought in recent decades. The causes of this drought are unclear. We use an ice core from East Antarctica to reconstruct changes in rainfall over the past 2000 years. We find that the current drought is unusual, with only two other droughts of similar severity having occurred during this period. Climate modelling shows that greenhouse gas emissions during the industrial era are likely to have contributed to the recent drying trend.
Ruth Mottram, Nicolaj Hansen, Christoph Kittel, J. Melchior van Wessem, Cécile Agosta, Charles Amory, Fredrik Boberg, Willem Jan van de Berg, Xavier Fettweis, Alexandra Gossart, Nicole P. M. van Lipzig, Erik van Meijgaard, Andrew Orr, Tony Phillips, Stuart Webster, Sebastian B. Simonsen, and Niels Souverijns
The Cryosphere, 15, 3751–3784, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3751-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3751-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We compare the calculated surface mass budget (SMB) of Antarctica in five different regional climate models. On average ~ 2000 Gt of snow accumulates annually, but different models vary by ~ 10 %, a difference equivalent to ± 0.5 mm of global sea level rise. All models reproduce observed weather, but there are large differences in regional patterns of snowfall, especially in areas with very few observations, giving greater uncertainty in Antarctic mass budget than previously identified.
Helle Astrid Kjær, Lisa Lolk Hauge, Marius Simonsen, Zurine Yoldi, Iben Koldtoft, Maria Hörhold, Johannes Freitag, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Anders Svensson, and Paul Vallelonga
The Cryosphere, 15, 3719–3730, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3719-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3719-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ice core analyses are often done in home laboratories after costly transport of samples from the field. This limits the amount of sample that can be analysed.
Here, we present the first truly field-portable continuous flow analysis (CFA) system for the analysis of impurities in snow, firn and ice cores while still in the field: the lightweight in situ analysis (LISA) box.
LISA is demonstrated in Greenland to reconstruct accumulation, conductivity and peroxide in snow cores.
Julien Beaumet, Michel Déqué, Gerhard Krinner, Cécile Agosta, Antoinette Alias, and Vincent Favier
The Cryosphere, 15, 3615–3635, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3615-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3615-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use empirical run-time bias correction (also called flux correction) to correct the systematic errors of the ARPEGE atmospheric climate model. When applying the method to future climate projections, we found a lesser poleward shift and an intensification of the maximum of westerly winds present in the southern high latitudes. This yields a significant additional warming of +0.6 to +0.9 K of the Antarctic Ice Sheet with respect to non-corrected control projections using the RCP8.5 scenario.
Louis Le Toumelin, Charles Amory, Vincent Favier, Christoph Kittel, Stefan Hofer, Xavier Fettweis, Hubert Gallée, and Vinay Kayetha
The Cryosphere, 15, 3595–3614, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3595-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3595-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Snow is frequently eroded from the surface by the wind in Adelie Land (Antarctica) and suspended in the lower atmosphere. By performing model simulations, we show firstly that suspended snow layers interact with incoming radiation similarly to a near-surface cloud. Secondly, suspended snow modifies the atmosphere's thermodynamic structure and energy exchanges with the surface. Our results suggest snow transport by the wind should be taken into account in future model studies over the region.
Thomas James Barnes, Amber Alexandra Leeson, Malcolm McMillan, Vincent Verjans, Jeremy Carter, and Christoph Kittel
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-214, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-214, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We find that the area covered by lakes on George VI ice shelf in 2020 is similar to that seen in other years such as 1989. However, the climate conditions are much more in favour of lakes forming. We find that it is likely that snowfall, and the build up of a surface snow layer limits the development of lakes on the surface of George VI ice shelf in 2020. We also find that in future, snowfall is predicted to decrease, and therefore this limiting effect may be reduced in future.
Delia Segato, Maria Del Carmen Villoslada Hidalgo, Ross Edwards, Elena Barbaro, Paul Vallelonga, Helle Astrid Kjær, Marius Simonsen, Bo Vinther, Niccolò Maffezzoli, Roberta Zangrando, Clara Turetta, Dario Battistel, Orri Vésteinsson, Carlo Barbante, and Andrea Spolaor
Clim. Past, 17, 1533–1545, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1533-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1533-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Human influence on fire regimes in the past is poorly understood, especially at high latitudes. We present 5 kyr of fire proxies levoglucosan, black carbon, and ammonium in the RECAP ice core in Greenland and reconstruct for the first time the fire regime in the high North Atlantic region, comprising coastal east Greenland and Iceland. Climate is the main driver of the fire regime, but at 1.1 kyr BP a contribution may be made by the deforestation resulting from Viking colonization of Iceland.
Richard Porter-Smith, John McKinlay, Alexander D. Fraser, and Robert A. Massom
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3103–3114, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3103-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3103-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantifies the characteristic complexity
signaturesaround the Antarctic outer coastal margin, giving a multiscale estimate of the magnitude and direction of undulation or complexity at each point location along the entire coastline. It has numerous applications for both geophysical and biological studies and will contribute to Antarctic research requiring quantitative information about this important interface.
Xavier Fettweis, Stefan Hofer, Roland Séférian, Charles Amory, Alison Delhasse, Sébastien Doutreloup, Christoph Kittel, Charlotte Lang, Joris Van Bever, Florent Veillon, and Peter Irvine
The Cryosphere, 15, 3013–3019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3013-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3013-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Without any reduction in our greenhouse gas emissions, the Greenland ice sheet surface mass loss can be brought in line with a medium-mitigation emissions scenario by reducing the solar downward flux at the top of the atmosphere by 1.5 %. In addition to reducing global warming, these solar geoengineering measures also dampen the well-known positive melt–albedo feedback over the ice sheet by 6 %. However, only stronger reductions in solar radiation could maintain a stable ice sheet in 2100.
Charles Amory, Christoph Kittel, Louis Le Toumelin, Cécile Agosta, Alison Delhasse, Vincent Favier, and Xavier Fettweis
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3487–3510, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3487-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3487-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents recent developments in the drifting-snow scheme of the regional climate model MAR and its application to simulate drifting snow and the surface mass balance of Adélie Land in East Antarctica. The model is extensively described and evaluated against a multi-year drifting-snow dataset and surface mass balance estimates available in the area. The model sensitivity to input parameters and improvements over a previously published version are also assessed.
Naomi E. Ochwat, Shawn J. Marshall, Brian J. Moorman, Alison S. Criscitiello, and Luke Copland
The Cryosphere, 15, 2021–2040, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2021-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2021-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In May 2018 we drilled into Kaskawulsh Glacier to study how it is being affected by climate warming and used models to investigate the evolution of the firn since the 1960s. We found that the accumulation zone has experienced increased melting that has refrozen as ice layers and has formed a perennial firn aquifer. These results better inform climate-induced changes on northern glaciers and variables to take into account when estimating glacier mass change using remote-sensing methods.
Kazuya Kusahara, Daisuke Hirano, Masakazu Fujii, Alexander D. Fraser, and Takeshi Tamura
The Cryosphere, 15, 1697–1717, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1697-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1697-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used an ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model with a 2–3 km horizontal resolution to investigate ocean–ice shelf/glacier interactions in Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica. The numerical model reproduced the observed warm water intrusion along the deep trough in the bay. We examined in detail (1) water mass changes between the upper continental slope and shelf regions and (2) the fast-ice role in the ocean conditions and basal melting at the Shirase Glacier tongue.
Christoph Kittel, Charles Amory, Cécile Agosta, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Stefan Hofer, Alison Delhasse, Sébastien Doutreloup, Pierre-Vincent Huot, Charlotte Lang, Thierry Fichefet, and Xavier Fettweis
The Cryosphere, 15, 1215–1236, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1215-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1215-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The future surface mass balance (SMB) of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) will influence the ice dynamics and the contribution of the ice sheet to the sea level rise. We investigate the AIS sensitivity to different warmings using physical and statistical downscaling of CMIP5 and CMIP6 models. Our results highlight a contrasting effect between the grounded ice sheet (where the SMB is projected to increase) and ice shelves (where the future SMB depends on the emission scenario).
François Burgay, Andrea Spolaor, Jacopo Gabrieli, Giulio Cozzi, Clara Turetta, Paul Vallelonga, and Carlo Barbante
Clim. Past, 17, 491–505, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-491-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-491-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first Fe record from the NEEM ice core, which provides insight into past atmospheric Fe deposition in the Arctic. Considering the biological relevance of Fe, we questioned if the increased eolian Fe supply during glacial periods could explain the marine productivity variability in the Fe-limited subarctic Pacific Ocean. We found no overwhelming evidence that eolian Fe fertilization triggered any phytoplankton blooms, likely because other factors play a more relevant role.
Rupert Gladstone, Benjamin Galton-Fenzi, David Gwyther, Qin Zhou, Tore Hattermann, Chen Zhao, Lenneke Jong, Yuwei Xia, Xiaoran Guo, Konstantinos Petrakopoulos, Thomas Zwinger, Daniel Shapero, and John Moore
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 889–905, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-889-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-889-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Retreat of the Antarctic ice sheet, and hence its contribution to sea level rise, is highly sensitive to melting of its floating ice shelves. This melt is caused by warm ocean currents coming into contact with the ice. Computer models used for future ice sheet projections are not able to realistically evolve these melt rates. We describe a new coupling framework to enable ice sheet and ocean computer models to interact, allowing projection of the evolution of melt and its impact on sea level.
Marion Donat-Magnin, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Christoph Kittel, Cécile Agosta, Charles Amory, Hubert Gallée, Gerhard Krinner, and Mondher Chekki
The Cryosphere, 15, 571–593, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-571-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-571-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We simulate the West Antarctic climate in 2100 under increasing greenhouse gases. Future accumulation over the ice sheet increases, which reduces sea level changing rate. Surface ice-shelf melt rates increase until 2100. Some ice shelves experience a lot of liquid water at their surface, which indicates potential ice-shelf collapse. In contrast, no liquid water is found over other ice shelves due to huge amounts of snowfall that bury liquid water, favouring refreezing and ice-shelf stability.
Helle Astrid Kjær, Patrick Zens, Ross Edwards, Martin Olesen, Ruth Mottram, Gabriel Lewis, Christian Terkelsen Holme, Samuel Black, Kasper Holst Lund, Mikkel Schmidt, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Bo Vinther, Anders Svensson, Nanna Karlsson, Jason E. Box, Sepp Kipfstuhl, and Paul Vallelonga
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-337, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-337, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
We have reconstructed accumulation in 6 firn cores and 8 snow cores in Northern Greenland and compared with a regional Climate model over Greenland. We find the model underestimate precipitation especially in north-eastern part of the ice cap- an important finding if aiming to reconstruct surface mass balance.
Temperatures at 10 meters depth at 6 sites in Greenland were also determined and show a significant warming since the 1990's of 0.9 to 2.5 °C.
Abhijith U. Venugopal, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Rebecca L. Pyne, Helle A. Kjær, V. Holly L. Winton, Paul A. Mayewski, and Giuseppe Cortese
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-151, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-151, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new and highly resolved glacial record of nitrate and calcium from a deep ice core obtained from Roosevelt Island, West Antarctica. Our data show a dependent association among nitrate and non-sea salt calcium (mineral dust) as observed previously in East Antarctica. The spatial pattern indicates that mineral dust is scavenging nitrate from the atmosphere and the westerlies are dispersing the dust-bound nitrate across Antarctica, making nitrate a potential paleo-westerly wind proxy.
William R. Hobbs, Andrew R. Klekociuk, and Yuhang Pan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14757–14768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14757-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14757-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Reanalysis products are an invaluable tool for representing variability and long-term trends in regions with limited in situ data. However, validation of these products is difficult because of that lack of station data. Here we present a novel assessment of eight reanalyses over the polar Southern Ocean, leveraging the close relationship between trends in sea ice cover and surface air temperature, that provides clear guidance on the most reliable product for Antarctic research.
Anna L. Flack, Anthony S. Kiem, Tessa R. Vance, Carly R. Tozer, and Jason L. Roberts
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5699–5712, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5699-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5699-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Palaeoclimate information was analysed for eastern Australia to determine when (and where) there was agreement about the timing of wet and dry epochs in the pre-instrumental period (1000–1899). The results show that instrumental records (~1900–present) underestimate the full range of rainfall variability that has occurred. When coupled with projected impacts of climate change and growing demands, these results highlight major challenges for water resource management and infrastructure.
Alexander D. Fraser, Robert A. Massom, Kay I. Ohshima, Sascha Willmes, Peter J. Kappes, Jessica Cartwright, and Richard Porter-Smith
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2987–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2987-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2987-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Landfast ice, or
fast ice, is a form of sea ice which is mechanically fastened to stationary parts of the coast. Long-term and accurate knowledge of its extent around Antarctica is critical for understanding a number of important Antarctic coastal processes, yet no accurate, large-scale, long-term dataset of its extent has been available. We address this data gap with this new dataset compiled from satellite imagery, containing high-resolution maps of Antarctic fast ice from 2000 to 2018.
Xiangbin Cui, Hafeez Jeofry, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Jingxue Guo, Lin Li, Laura E. Lindzey, Feras A. Habbal, Wei Wei, Duncan A. Young, Neil Ross, Mathieu Morlighem, Lenneke M. Jong, Jason L. Roberts, Donald D. Blankenship, Sun Bo, and Martin J. Siegert
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2765–2774, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2765-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2765-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present a topographic digital elevation model (DEM) for Princess Elizabeth Land (PEL), East Antarctica. The DEM covers an area of approximately 900 000 km2 and was built from radio-echo sounding data collected in four campaigns since 2015. Previously, to generate the Bedmap2 topographic product, PEL’s bed was characterised from low-resolution satellite gravity data across an otherwise large (>200 km wide) data-free zone.
Xavier Fettweis, Stefan Hofer, Uta Krebs-Kanzow, Charles Amory, Teruo Aoki, Constantijn J. Berends, Andreas Born, Jason E. Box, Alison Delhasse, Koji Fujita, Paul Gierz, Heiko Goelzer, Edward Hanna, Akihiro Hashimoto, Philippe Huybrechts, Marie-Luise Kapsch, Michalea D. King, Christoph Kittel, Charlotte Lang, Peter L. Langen, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Glen E. Liston, Gerrit Lohmann, Sebastian H. Mernild, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Kameswarrao Modali, Ruth H. Mottram, Masashi Niwano, Brice Noël, Jonathan C. Ryan, Amy Smith, Jan Streffing, Marco Tedesco, Willem Jan van de Berg, Michiel van den Broeke, Roderik S. W. van de Wal, Leo van Kampenhout, David Wilton, Bert Wouters, Florian Ziemen, and Tobias Zolles
The Cryosphere, 14, 3935–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3935-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3935-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated simulated Greenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance from 5 kinds of models. While the most complex (but expensive to compute) models remain the best, the faster/simpler models also compare reliably with observations and have biases of the same order as the regional models. Discrepancies in the trend over 2000–2012, however, suggest that large uncertainties remain in the modelled future SMB changes as they are highly impacted by the meltwater runoff biases over the current climate.
Christine S. Hvidberg, Aslak Grinsted, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, Anders Kusk, Jonas Kvist Andersen, Niklas Neckel, Anne Solgaard, Nanna B. Karlsson, Helle Astrid Kjær, and Paul Vallelonga
The Cryosphere, 14, 3487–3502, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3487-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3487-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) extends around 600 km from its onset in the interior of Greenland to the coast. Several maps of surface velocity and topography in Greenland exist, but accuracy is limited due to the lack of validation data. Here we present results from a 5-year GPS survey in an interior section of NEGIS. We use the data to assess a list of satellite-derived ice velocity and surface elevation products and discuss the implications for the ice stream flow in the area.
Bronwen L. Konecky, Nicholas P. McKay, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Laia Comas-Bru, Emilie P. Dassié, Kristine L. DeLong, Georgina M. Falster, Matt J. Fischer, Matthew D. Jones, Lukas Jonkers, Darrell S. Kaufman, Guillaume Leduc, Shreyas R. Managave, Belen Martrat, Thomas Opel, Anais J. Orsi, Judson W. Partin, Hussein R. Sayani, Elizabeth K. Thomas, Diane M. Thompson, Jonathan J. Tyler, Nerilie J. Abram, Alyssa R. Atwood, Olivier Cartapanis, Jessica L. Conroy, Mark A. Curran, Sylvia G. Dee, Michael Deininger, Dmitry V. Divine, Zoltán Kern, Trevor J. Porter, Samantha L. Stevenson, Lucien von Gunten, and Iso2k Project Members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2261–2288, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020, 2020
Cited articles
Abram, N. J., Mulvaney, R., Vimeux, F., Phipps, S. J., Turner, J., and
England, M. H.: Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past
millennium, Nat. Clim. Chang., 4, 564–569, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2235, 2014.
Abram, N. J., Wright, N. M., Ellis, B., Dixon, B. C., Wurtzel, J. B.,
England, M. H., Ummenhofer, C. C., Philibosian, B., Cahyarini, S. Y., Yu,
T.-L., Shen, C.-C., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., and Heslop, D.: Coupling of
Indo-Pacific climate variability over the last millennium, Nature, 579, 385–392,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083906, 2020.
Agosta, C., Amory, C., Kittel, C., Orsi, A., Favier, V., Gallée, H., van den Broeke, M. R., Lenaerts, J. T. M., van Wessem, J. M., van de Berg, W. J., and Fettweis, X.: Estimation of the Antarctic surface mass balance using the regional climate model MAR (1979–2015) and identification of dominant processes, The Cryosphere, 13, 281–296, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-281-2019, 2019.
Benassai, S., Becagli, S., Gragnani, R., Magand, O., Proposito, M., Fattori,
I., Traversi, R., and Udisti, R.: Sea-spray deposition in Antarctic coastal and plateau areas from ITASE traverses, Ann. Glaciol., 41, 30–41,
https://doi.org/10.3189/172756405781813285, 2005.
Bigler, M., Svensson, A., Kettner, E., Vallelonga, P., Nielsen, M., and
Steffensen, J.: Optimization of High-Resolution Continuous Flow Analysis for
Transient Climate Signals in Ice Cores, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 4483–4489, 10.1021/es200118j,
2011.
Braganza, K., Gergis, J. L., Power, S. B., Risbey, J. S., and Fowler A. M.: A
multiproxy index of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, A.D. 1525–1982,
J. Geophys. Res., 114, D05106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010896, 2009.
Bretherton, C. S., Widmann, M., Dymnikov, V. P., Wallace, J. M., and Blade
I.: The effective number of spatial degrees of freedom of a time-varying
field, J. Climate, 12, 1990–2009, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1990:TENOSD>2.0.CO;2, 1999.
Cai, W., Sullivan, A., and Cowan, T.: Interactions of ENSO, the IOD, and the SAM in CMIP3 Models, J. Climate, 24, 1688–1704, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3744.1, 2011.
Cai, W., Zheng, X., Weller, E., Collins, M., Cowan, T., Lengaigne, M., Yu,
W., and Yamagata, T.: Projected response of the Indian Ocean Dipole to
greenhouse warming, Nat. Geosci., 6, 999–1007, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2009, 2013.
Carré, M., Sachs J. P., Purca, S., Schauer, A. J., Braconnot, P.,
Falcón, R. A., Julien, M., and Lavallée, D.: Holocene history of ENSO
variance and asymmetry in the eastern tropical Pacific, Science, 345, 1045–1048,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1252220, 2014.
Clem, K. R. and Fogt, R. L.: Varying roles of ENSO and SAM on the Antarctic
Peninsula climate in austral spring, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 11481–11492,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50860, 2013.
Cobb, K. M., Charles, C. D., Cheng, H., and Edwards L.: El Niño/Southern
Oscillation and tropical Pacific climate during the last millennium,
Nature, 424, 271–276, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01779, 2003.
Cobb, K. M., Westphal, N., Sayani, H. R., Watson, J. T., Di Lorenzo, E.,
Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., and Charles, C. D.: Highly variable El
Nino/Southern Oscillation throughout the Holocene, Science, 339, 67–70,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228246, 2013.
Crockart, C. K., Vance, T. R., Fraser, A. D., Abram, N. J., Criscitiello, A. S., Curran, M. A. J., Favier, V., Gallant, A. J. E., Kittel, C., Kjær, H. A., Klekociuk, A. R., Jong, L. M., Moy, A. D., Plummer, C. T., Vallelonga, P. T., Wille, J., and Zhang, L.: AAS_4414_MountBrownSouth_LawDome_icecores_seasalt_ accumulation_2020, Australian Antarctic Data Centre [data set], https://doi.org/10.4225/15/58eedf6812621, 2021.
Crueger, T., Zinke, J., and Pfeiffer, M.: Patterns of Pacific decadal
variability recorded by Indian Ocean corals, Int. J. Earth Sci., 98, 41–52, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-008-0324-1, 2009.
Curran, M. A. J. and Palmer, A. S.: Suppressed ion chromatography methods
for the routine determination of ultra low level anions and cations in ice
cores, J. Chromatogr., 919, 107–113, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00790-7, 2001.
Curran, M. A. J., van Ommen, T. D., Morgan, V. I., Phillips, K. L., and Palmer,
A. S.: Ice core evidence for Antarctic sea ice decline since the 1950s,
Science, 302, 1203–1206, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1087888, 2003.
Dätwyler, C., Neukom, R., Abram, N., Gallant, A., Grosjean, M.,
Jacques-Coper, M., Karoly, D., and Villalba, R.: Teleconnection
stationarity, variability and trends of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
during the last millennium, Clim. Dynam., 51, 2321–2339, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-4015-0,
2017.
Dätwyler, C., Abram, N. J., Grosjean, M., Wahl, E. R., and Neukom, R.:
El Niño – Southern Oscillation variability, teleconnection changes and
responses to large volcanic eruptions since AD 1000, Int. J. Climatol., 39, 2711–2724,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5983, 2019.
Dätwyler, C., Grosjean, M., Steiger, N. J., and Neukom, R.: Teleconnections and relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in reconstructions and models over the past millennium, Clim. Past, 16, 743–756, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-743-2020, 2020.
Ding, Q., Steig, E. J., Battisti, D. S., and Küttel, M.: Winter warming in
West Antarctica caused by central tropical Pacific warming, Nat. Geosci.,
4, 398–403, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1129, 2011.
Ding, Q., Steig, E. J., Battisti, D. S., and Wallace J. M.: Influence of the
tropics on the Southern Annular Mode, J. Climate, 25, 6330–6348,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00523.1, 2012.
Donat-Magnin, M., Jourdain, N. C., Gallée, H., Amory, C., Kittel, C., Fettweis, X., Wille, J. D., Favier, V., Drira, A., and Agosta, C.: Interannual variability of summer surface mass balance and surface melting in the Amundsen sector, West Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 14, 229–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-229-2020, 2020.
Emile-Geay, J., Cobb, K., Carré, M., Braconnot, P., Leloup, J., Zhou,
Y., Harrison, S. P., Corrège, T., Mcgregor, H., Collins, M., Driscoll,
R., Elliot, M., Schneider, B., and Tudhope, A. W.: Links between tropical
Pacific seasonal, interannual and orbital variability during the Holocene,
Nat. Geosci., 9, 168–173, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2608, 2015.
Fischer, A., Terray, P., Guilyardi, E., Gualdi, S., and Delecluse, P: Two
Independent Triggers for the Indian Ocean Dipole/Zonal Mode in a Coupled
GCM, J. Climate, 18, 3428–3449, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3478.1, 2005.
Fogt R. L. and Bromwich, D. H.: Decadal variability of the ENSO teleconnection
to the high latitude South Pacific governed by coupling with the Southern
Annular Mode, J. Climate, 19, 979–997, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3671.1, 2006.
Fogt, R. L. Bromwich, D. H., and Hines, K. M.: Understanding the SAM influence on the South Pacific ENSO teleconnection, Clim. Dynam., 36, 1555–1576,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1201-3, 2011.
Fogt, R. L., Jones, J. M., and Renwick, J.: Seasonal Zonal Asymmetries in the
Southern Annular Mode and Their Impact on Regional Temperature Anomalies,
J. Climate, 25, 6253–6270, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00474.1, 2012.
Foster, A., Curran, M., Smith, B. T., van Ommen, T., and Morgan, V.:
Covariation of sea ice and methanesulphonic acid in Wilhelm II Land, East
Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 44, 429–432, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756406781811394, 2006.
Fowler, A. M., Boswijk, G., Lorrey, A. M., Gergis, J., Pirie, M., McCloskey,
S. P. J., Palmer, J. G., and Wunder, J.: Multi-centennial tree-ring record of
ENSO-related activity in New Zealand, Nat. Clim. Chang., 2, 172–176,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1374, 2012.
Freund, M. B., Henley, B. J., Karoly, D. J., McGregor, H. V., Abram, N. J., and Dommenget, D.: Higher frequency of Central Pacific El Niño events in
recent decades relative to past centuries, Nat. Geosci., 12, 450–455,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0353-3, 2019.
Gallée, H. and Schayes, G.: Development of a three-dimensional
meso-γ primitive equation model: katabatic winds simulation in the
area of Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 671–685, 1994.
Gong, T., Feldstein, S. B., and Luo, D.: The impact of ENSO on wave breaking and southern annular mode events, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 2854–2870, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JAS3311.1,
2010.
Goodwin, I., van Ommen, T., Curran, M., and Mayewski, P.: Mid latitude
winter climate variability in the South Indian and southwest Pacific regions
since 1300 AD, Clim. Dynam., 22, 783–794, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-004-0403-3, 2004.
Gorodetskaya, I., Tsukernik, M., Claes, K., Ralph, F., Neff, W., and Lipzig,
N.: The role of atmospheric rivers in anomalous snow accumulation in East
Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 6199–6206, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060881, 2014.
Grazioli, J., Madeleine, J.-B., Gallée, H., Forbes, R. M., Genthon, C.,
Krinner, G., and Berne, A.: Katabatic winds diminish precipitation
contribution to the Antarctic ice mass balance, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, 10858–10863, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707633114, 2017.
Grothe, P. R., Cobb, K. M., Liguori, G., Di Lorenzo, E., Capotondi, A., Lu,
Y., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Southon, J. R., Santos, G. M., Deocampo, D.
M., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Chen, T., Sayani, H. R., Thompson, D. M., Conroy,
J. L., Moore, A. L., Townsend, K., Hagos, M., O'Connor, G., and Toth, L. T.:
Enhanced El Niño-Southern Oscillation variability in recent decades,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2019GL083906, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083906, 2019.
Guo, F., Liu, Q., Sun, S., and Yang, J.: Three Types of Indian Ocean Dipoles, J. Climate, 28, 3073–3092,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00507.1, 2015.
Hessl, A., Allen K. J., Vance, T., Abram, N. J., and Saunders, K. M.:
Reconstructions of the southern annular mode (SAM) during the last
millennium, Prog. Phys. Geog., 14, 834–849, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133317743165, 2017.
Hosking, J. S., Orr, A., Marshall, G. J., Turner, J., and Phillips, T.: The
Influence of the Amundsen–Bellingshausen Seas Low on the Climate of West
Antarctica and Its Representation in Coupled Climate Model Simulations, J. Climate,
26, 6633–6648, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00813.1, 2013.
IPCC: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp., 2013.
Johnsen, S., Hansen, S., Sheldon, S., Dahl-Jensen, D., Steffensen, J.,
Augustin, L., Journé, P., Alemany, O., Rufli, H., Schwander, J., Azuma,
N., Motoyama, H., Popp, T., Talalay, P., Thorsteinsson, T., Wilhelms, F.,
and Zagorodnov, V.: The Hans Tausen drill: Design, performance, further
developments and some lessons learned, Ann. Glaciol., 47, 89–98,
https://doi.org/10.3189/172756407786857686, 2007.
Kim, B., Choi, H., Kim, S., Kim, S.-J., and Choi, W.: Amplitude-dependent
relationship between the Southern Annular Mode and the El Niño Southern
Oscillation in austral summer, Asia-Pacific, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 85–100,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-017-0007-6, 2017.
Kittel, C., Amory, C., Agosta, C., Jourdain, N. C., Hofer, S., Delhasse, A., Doutreloup, S., Huot, P.-V., Lang, C., Fichefet, T., and Fettweis, X.: Diverging future surface mass balance between the Antarctic ice shelves and grounded ice sheet, The Cryosphere, 15, 1215–1236, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1215-2021, 2021.
Legrand, M. and Mayewski, P.: Glaciochemistry of polar ice cores: A review,
Rev. Geophys., 35, 219–243, https://doi.org/10.1029/96RG03527, 1997.
L'Heureux, M. L. and Thompson, D. W.: Observed Relationships between the
El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Extratropical Zonal-Mean
Circulation, J. Climate, 19, 276–287, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3617.1, 2006.
Li, L. and Pomeroy, J.: Estimates of Threshold Wind Speeds for Snow
Transport Using Meteorological Data, J Appl. Meterol., 36, 205–213,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<0205:EOTWSF>2.0.CO;2, 1997.
Lim, E.-P., Hendon, H., and Rashid, H.: Seasonal Predictability of the Southern Annular Mode due to Its Association with ENSO, J. Climate, 26, 8037–8054, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00006.1, 2013.
Markgraf, V. and Diaz H. F. The Past ENSO Record: A Synthesis, in: El
Niño and the Southern Oscillation: Multiscale Variability and Global and
Regional Impacts, edited by: Diaz, H. F. and Markgraf, V., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 463–486, 2000.
Marshall, G. J.: Trends in the southern annular mode from observations and
reanalyses, J. Climate, 16, 4134–4143, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<4134:TITSAM>2.0.CO;2, 2003.
Marshall, J., Scott, J. R., Romanou, A., Kelley, M., and Leboissetier, A.: The
dependence of the ocean's MOC on mesoscale eddy diffusivities: A model
study, Ocean Model., 111, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2017.01.001, 2017.
Massom, R., Pook, M., Comiso, J., Adams, N., Turner, J., Lachlan-Cope, T., and
Gibson, T.: Precipitation over the Interior East Antarctic Ice Sheet Related
to Midlatitude Blocking-High Activity, J. Climate, 17, 1914–1928,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<1914:POTIEA>2.0.CO;2, 2004.
McIntosh, P. and Hendon, H:. Understanding Rossby wave trains forced by the
Indian Ocean Dipole, Clim. Dynam., 50, 2783–2798, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3771-1, 2018.
McMorrow, A. J., Curran, M. A. J., van Ommen, T.D., Morgan, V., Pook, M. J., and Allison, I.: Intercomparison of firn core and meteorological data, Antarct. Sci., 13, 329–337, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102001000463, 2001.
McPhaden, M. J., Zebiak, S. E., and Glantz, M. H.: ENSO as an integrating
concept in earth science, Science, 314, 1740–1745, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1132588,
2006.
Medley, B. and Thomas E. R.: Increased snowfall over the Antarctic Ice Sheet
mitigated twentieth-century sea-level rise, Nat. Clim. Chang., 9, 34–39,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0356-x, 2018.
Morgan, V., Wookey, C., Li, J., van Ommen, T., Skinner, W., and Fitzpatrick, M.: Site information and initial results from deep ice drilling on Law Dome,
Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 43, 3–10, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000002768, 1997.
Newman, M., Alexander, M. A., Ault, T. R., Cobb, K., Deser, K., Di Lorenzo,
E., Mantua, N. J., Miller, A. J., Minobe, S., Nakamura, H., Schneider, N.,
Vimont, D. J., Phillips, A. S., Scott, J. D., and Smith C. A.: The Pacific
Decadal Oscillation, Revisited, J. Climate, 29, 4399–4427,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0508.1, 2016.
Nuncio, M. and Yuan, X.: The Influence of the Indian Ocean Dipole on
Antarctic Sea Ice, J. Climate, 28, 2682–2690, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00390.1, 2015.
PAGES 2k Consortium: Continental-scale temperature variability during the
past two millennia, Nat. Geosci., 6, 339–346, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1834, 2013.
Palmer, A. S., van Ommen T. D., Curran, M. A. J., Morgan, V., Souney, J. M.,
and Mayewski, P. A.: High precision dating of volcanic events (AD 1301–1995)
using ice cores from Law Dome, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 28089–28095,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000330, 2001.
Parker, D.: Documentation of a Southern Oscillation Index, Meteor. Mag., 12, 184–188, 1983.
Plummer, C. T., Curran, M. A. J., van Ommen, T. D., Rasmussen, S. O., Moy, A. D., Vance, T. R., Clausen, H. B., Vinther, B. M., and Mayewski, P. A.: An independently dated 2000-yr volcanic record from Law Dome, East Antarctica, including a new perspective on the dating of the 1450s CE eruption of Kuwae, Vanuatu, Clim. Past, 8, 1929–1940, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1929-2012, 2012.
Pook, M. and Gibson, T.: Atmospheric blocking and storm tracks during SOP-1
of the FROST Project, Aust. Meteorol. Mag., 48, 51–60, 1999.
Power, S., Casey, T., Folland, C., Colman, A., and Mehta, V.: Inter-decadal
modulation of the impact of ENSO on Australia, Clim. Dynam., 15, 319–324,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820050284, 1999.
Purich, A. and England, M. H.: Tropical teleconnections to Antarctic sea ice
during austral spring 2016 in coupled pacemaker experiments, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 6848–6858, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082671, 2019.
Roberts, J., Plummer, C., Vance, T., van Ommen, T., Moy, A., Poynter, S., Treverrow, A., Curran, M., and George, S.: A 2000-year annual record of snow accumulation rates for Law Dome, East Antarctica, Clim. Past, 11, 697–707, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-697-2015, 2015.
Saji, N. H., Goswami, B. N., Vinayachandran, P. N., and Yamagata, T.: A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean, Nature, 401, 360–363, https://doi.org/10.1038/43854, 1999.
Scarchilli, C., Frezzotti, M., and Ruti, P.: Snow precipitation at four ice core sites in East Antarctica: Provenance, seasonality and blocking factors,
Clim. Dynam., 37, 2107–2125, https://doi.org/10.1007/S00382-010-0946-4, 2011.
Scott, R. C., Nicolas, J. P., Bromwich, D. H., Norris, J. R., and Lubin D.:
Meteorological Drivers and Large-Scale Climate Forcing of West Antarctic
Surface Melt, J. Climate, 32, 665–684, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0233.1, 2019.
Sheldon, S. G., Popp T. J., Hansen, S. B., Hedegaard, T. M., and Mortensen,
C.: A new intermediate-depth ice-core drilling system, Ann. Glaciol., 55, 271–284, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014AoG68A038, 2014.
Smith, B., van Ommen, T., and Morgan, V.: Distribution of oxygen isotope
ratios and snow accumulation rates in Wilhelm II Land, East Antarctica,
Ann. Glaciol., 35, 107–110, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756402781816898, 2002.
Stahle, D., D'Arrigo, R., Krusic, P., Cleaveland, M., Cook, E., Allan, R.,
Cole, J., Dunbar, R., Therrell, M., and Gay, D.: Experimental Dendroclimatic
Reconstruction of the Southern Oscillation, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 2137–2151,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<2137:EDROTS>2.0.CO;2, 1998.
Stenni, B., Curran, M. A. J., Abram, N. J., Orsi, A., Goursaud, S., Masson-Delmotte, V., Neukom, R., Goosse, H., Divine, D., van Ommen, T., Steig, E. J., Dixon, D. A., Thomas, E. R., Bertler, N. A. N., Isaksson, E., Ekaykin, A., Werner, M., and Frezzotti, M.: Antarctic climate variability on regional and continental scales over the last 2000 years, Clim. Past, 13, 1609–1634, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1609-2017, 2017.
Tetzner, D., Thomas, E., and Allen, C.: A Validation of ERA5 Reanalysis Data in the Southern Antarctic Peninsula – Ellsworth Land Region, and Its
Implications for Ice Core Studies, Geosci. J., 9, 289, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9070289, 2019.
Thomas, E. R., van Wessem, J. M., Roberts, J., Isaksson, E., Schlosser, E., Fudge, T. J., Vallelonga, P., Medley, B., Lenaerts, J., Bertler, N., van den Broeke, M. R., Dixon, D. A., Frezzotti, M., Stenni, B., Curran, M., and Ekaykin, A. A.: Regional Antarctic snow accumulation over the past 1000 years, Clim. Past, 13, 1491–1513, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1491-2017, 2017.
Thompson, D. W., Wallace, J. M., and Hegerl, G. C.: Annular Modes in the
Extratropical Circulation. Part II: Trends, J. Climate, 13, 1018–1036,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1018:AMITEC>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Trenberth, K. E.: The Definition of El Niño, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2771–2777,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2771:TDOENO>2.0.CO;2, 1997.
Turner, J.: The El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Antarctica, Int. J. Climatol., 24, 1–31, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.965, 2004.
Turner, J., Orr, A., Gudmundsson, G. H., Jenkins, A., Bingham, R. G.,
Hillenbrand, C.-D., and Bracegirdle, T. J.: Atmosphere-ocean-ice interactions in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica, Rev. Geophys., 55, 235–276,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RG000532, 2017.
Turner, J., Phillips, T., Thamban, M., Rahaman, W., and Marshall, G. J.: The
Dominant Role of Extreme Precipitation Events in Antarctic Snowfall
Variability, Geophys. Res. lett., 46, 3502–3511, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081517,
2019.
Udy, D. G., Vance, T. R., Kiem, A. S., Holbrook, N. J., and Curran, M. A. J.:
Links between large-scale modes of climate variability and synoptic weather
patterns in the southern Indian Ocean, J. Climate, 34, 883–899,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0297.1, 2021.
Vance, T. R., van Ommen, T. D., Curran, M. A. J., Plummer, C. T., and Moy, A.
D.: A Millennial Proxy Record of ENSO and Eastern Australian Rainfall from
the Law Dome Ice Core, East Antarctica, J. Climate, 26, 710–725,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00003.1, 2013.
Vance, T., Roberts, J., Plummer, C., Kiem, A., and van Ommen, T.:
Interdecadal Pacific variability and Australian mega-droughts over the last
millennium, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 129–137, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062447, 2015.
Vance, T. R., Roberts, J. L., Moy, A. D., Curran, M. A. J., Tozer, C. R., Gallant, A. J. E., Abram, N. J., van Ommen, T. D., Young, D. A., Grima, C., Blankenship, D. D., and Siegert, M. J.: Optimal site selection for a high-resolution ice core record in East Antarctica, Clim. Past, 12, 595–610, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-595-2016, 2016.
van Ommen, T. D. and Morgan, V.: Peroxide concentrations in the Dome Summit
South ice core, Law Dome, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15147, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD00838,
1996.
van Ommen, T. D. and Morgan, V.: Snowfall increase in coastal East Antarctica
linked with southwest Western Australian drought, Nat. Geosci., 3, 267–272,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo761, 2010.
van Ommen, T. D., Morgan, V., and Curran, M. A. J.: Deglacial and Holocene
changes in accumulation at Law Dome, East Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 39, 359–365, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814221, 2004.
Villalba, R., Lara, A., Masiokas, M., Urrutia, R., Luckman, B., Marshall,
G., Mundo, I., Christie, D., Cook, E., Neukom, R., Allen, K., Fenwick, P.,
Boninsegna, J., Morales, M., Araneo, D., Palmer, J., Cuq, E.. Srur, A.,
Aravena, J., and LeQuesne, C.: Unusual Southern Hemisphere tree growth patterns induced by changes in the Southern Annular Mode, Nat. Geosci. 5, 793–798, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1613, 2012.
Webster, P. J., Moore, A. M., Loschnigg, J. P., and Leben, R. R.: Coupled
ocean–atmosphere dynamics in the Indian Ocean during 1997–98, Nature, 401,
356–360, https://doi.org/10.1038/43848, 1999.
Westra, S., Renard, B., and Thyer, M.: The ENSO–Precipitation
Teleconnection and Its Modulation by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation,
J. Climate, 28, 4753–4773, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00722.1, 2015.
Wille, J. D., Favier, V., Dufour, A., Gorodetskaya, I. V., Turner, J.,
Agosta, C., and Codron, F.: West Antarctic surface melt triggered by
atmospheric rivers, Nat. Geosci., 12, 911–916, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0460-1, 2019.
Wille, J. D., Favier, V., Gorodetskaya, I. V., Agosta, C., Kittel C.,
Chowdhry Beeman, J., Jourdain N., Lenaerts, J. T. M., and Codron, F.: Antarctic atmospheric river climatology and precipitation impacts, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD033788, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033788, 2021.
Wolter, K. and Timlin, M. S.: El Niño-Southern Oscillation behaviour
since 1871 as diagnosed in an extended multivariate ENSO index (MEI.ext),
Int. J. Climatol., 11, 1074–1087, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2336, 2011.
Yiu, Y. Y. S. and Maycock, A. C .: On the Seasonality of the El Niño
Teleconnection to the Amundsen Sea Region, J. Climate, 32, 4829–4845,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0813.1, 2019.
Yu, J., Paek, H., Saltzman, E. S., Lee, T.: The Early 1990s Change in
ENSO–PSA–SAM Relationships and Its Impact on Southern Hemisphere Climate,
J. Climate, 28, 9393–9408, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0335.1, 2015.
Zhang, Z. Y., Gong, D., He, X. Z., Lei, Y.-N., and Feng, S.-H.: Statistical
reconstruction of the Antarctic Oscillation Index based on multiple proxies,
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 3, 283–287, https://doi.org/10.1080/16742834.2010.11446883, 2010.
Short summary
We present preliminary analyses of the annual sea salt concentrations and snowfall accumulation in a new East Antarctic ice core, Mount Brown South. We compare this record with an updated Law Dome (Dome Summit South site) ice core record over the period 1975–2016. The Mount Brown South record preserves a stronger and inverse signal for the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (in austral winter and spring) compared to the Law Dome record (in summer).
We present preliminary analyses of the annual sea salt concentrations and snowfall accumulation...
