Articles | Volume 21, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-465-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-465-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Feb 2025
Research article |
| 14 Feb 2025
| 14 Feb 2025
New age constraints for glacial terminations IV, III, and III.a based on western Mediterranean speleothem records
GRC Geociències Marines, Dept. de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Isabel Cacho
GRC Geociències Marines, Dept. de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Heather Stoll
Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Ana Moreno
Departamento de Procesos Geoambientales y Cambio Global, 639/, CSIC, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
Joan O. Grimalt
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
Francisco J. Sierro
Departmento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
Joan J. Fornós
Earth Sciences Research Group. Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma (Mallorca), Spain
Hai Cheng
Institute of Global Environmental Change, University of Xi'an Jiaotong, Xi'an, 710049, China
R. Lawrence Edwards
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Hu Yang, Xiaoxu Shi, Xulong Wang, Qingsong Liu, Yi Zhong, Xiaodong Liu, Youbin Sun, Yanjun Cai, Fei Liu, Gerrit Lohmann, Martin Werner, Zhimin Jian, Tainã M. L. Pinho, Hai Cheng, Lijuan Lu, Jiping Liu, Chao-Yuan Yang, Qinghua Yang, Yongyun Hu, Xing Cheng, Jingyu Zhang, and Dake Chen
Clim. Past, 21, 1263–1279, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1263-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1263-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
For 1 century, the hemispheric summer insolation is proposed as a key pacemaker of astronomical climate change. However, an increasing number of geologic records reveal that the low-latitude hydrological cycle shows asynchronous precessional evolutions that are very often out of phase with the summer insolation. Here, we propose that the astronomically driven low-latitude hydrological cycle is not paced by summer insolation but by shifting perihelion.
Juan Luis Bernal-Wormull, Ana Moreno, Yuri Dublyansky, Christoph Spötl, Reyes Giménez, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Miguel Bartolomé, Martin Arriolabengoa, Eneko Iriarte, Isabel Cacho, Richard Lawrence Edwards, and Hai Cheng
Clim. Past, 21, 1235–1261, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1235-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1235-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we present a record of temperature changes during the last deglaciation and the Holocene using isotopes of fluid inclusions in stalagmites from the northeastern region of the Iberian Peninsula. This innovative climate proxy for this study region provides a quantitative understanding of the abrupt temperature changes in southern Europe in the last 16 500 years before present.
Clara Jaén, Mireia Udina, Roy Harrison, Joan O. Grimalt, and Barend L. Van Drooge
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2419, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2419, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Distance changes air pollution in a city, but so does the time of the day and the year, due to varying emission sources and weather conditions. These changes were studied at ground level and 400 meters above the city, and showed that wood burning affected the air quality in winter, while products of atmospheric reaction processes dominated the air in summer. Traffic emissions arrive to the elevated site during the day, while they were trapped at lower level in the night.
Heather Stoll, Clara Bolton, Madalina Jaggi, Alfredo Martinez-Garcia, and Stefano Bernasconi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2449, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2449, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Climate of the Past (CP).
Short summary
Short summary
In periods of high atmospheric CO2 many proxies suggest more extreme past polar warming than is simulated by current coupled climate models. Providing new data on high latitude temperatures in the South Atlantic over the last 15 million years using clumped isotope thermometry, we show that absolute temperatures may not have been as warm as indicated by some biomarker based proxy climate records.
Nicolas Tapia, Laura Endres, Madalina Jaggi, and Heather Stoll
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1000, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1000, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We use stalagmites to study past changes in the terrestrial P cycle. Our P records from multiple, coeval stalagmites from NW Spain, show that past abrupt cooling events are characterized by multi-century reproducible peaks in stalagmite P which reflect higher groundwater P/Ca concentrations and enhanced P export, potentially resulting from increased freeze-thaw frequency and more intense infiltration from snowmelt.
Carlos Sancho, Ánchel Belmonte, Maria Leunda, Marc Luetscher, Christoph Spötl, Juan Ignacio López-Moreno, Belén Oliva-Urcia, Jerónimo López-Martínez, Ana Moreno, and Miguel Bartolomé
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-8, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-8, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Ice caves, vital for paleoclimate studies, face rapid ice loss due to global warming. A294 cave, home to the oldest firn deposit (6100 years BP), shows rising air temperatures (~1.07–1.56 °C in 12 years), fewer freezing days, and melting rates (15–192 cm/year). Key factors include warmer winters, increased rainfall, and reduced snowfall. This study highlights the urgency of recovering data from these unique ice archives before they vanish forever.
Hubert B. Vonhof, Sophie Verheyden, Dominique Bonjean, Stéphane Pirson, Michael Weber, Denis Scholz, John Hellstrom, Hai Cheng, Xue Jia, Kévin Di Modica, Gregory Abrams, Marjan A. P. van Nunen, Joost Ruiter, Michèlle van der Does, Daniel Böhl, and Jeroen H. J. L. van der Lubbe
Clim. Past, 20, 2741–2758, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2741-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2741-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The sedimentary sequence in Scladina Cave (Belgium) is well-known for its rich archeological assemblages and its numerous faunal remains. Of particular interest is the presence of a nearly complete jaw bone of a Neanderthal child. In this study, we present new uranium series ages of stalagmites from the archeological sequence that allow more precise dating of the archeological finds. One key result is that the Neanderthal child may be slightly older than previously thought.
Ixeia Vidaller, Toshiyuki Fujioka, Juan Ignacio López-Moreno, Ana Moreno, and the ASTER Team
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-75, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-75, 2024
Preprint under review for CP
Short summary
Short summary
Since the Pyrenean Last Glacial Maximum (75 ka), the deglaciation of the Ésera glacier (central Pyrenees) was characterized by complex dynamics, with advances and rapid retreats. Cosmogenic dates of moraines along the headwaters of the valley and lacustrine sediments analyses allowed to reconstruct evolutionary history of the Ésera glacier and the associated environmental implications during the last deglaciation and calculate the Equilibrium Line Altitude to determine changes in temperature.
Timothy J. Pollard, Jon D. Woodhead, Russell N. Drysdale, R. Lawrence Edwards, Xianglei Li, Ashlea N. Wainwright, Mathieu Pythoud, Hai Cheng, John C. Hellstrom, Ilaria Isola, Eleonora Regattieri, Giovanni Zanchetta, and Dylan S. Parmenter
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3594, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3594, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The uranium-thorium and uranium-lead radiometric dating methods are both capable of dating carbonate samples ranging in age from about 400,000 to 650,000 years. Here we test agreement between the two methods by 'double dating' speleothems (i.e. secondary cave mineral deposits) that grew within this age range. We demonstrate excellent agreement between the two dating methods and discuss their relative strengths and weaknesses.
Konstantina Agiadi, Niklas Hohmann, Elsa Gliozzi, Danae Thivaiou, Francesca R. Bosellini, Marco Taviani, Giovanni Bianucci, Alberto Collareta, Laurent Londeix, Costanza Faranda, Francesca Bulian, Efterpi Koskeridou, Francesca Lozar, Alan Maria Mancini, Stefano Dominici, Pierre Moissette, Ildefonso Bajo Campos, Enrico Borghi, George Iliopoulos, Assimina Antonarakou, George Kontakiotis, Evangelia Besiou, Stergios D. Zarkogiannis, Mathias Harzhauser, Francisco Javier Sierro, Angelo Camerlenghi, and Daniel García-Castellanos
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4767–4775, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4767-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4767-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a dataset of 23032 fossil occurrences of marine organisms from the Late Miocene to the Early Pliocene (~11 to 3.6 million years ago) from the Mediterranean Sea. This dataset will allow us, for the first time, to quantify the biodiversity impact of the Messinian salinity crisis, a major geological event that possibly changed global and regional climate and biota.
José Guitián, Samuel R. Phelps, Reto S. Wijker, Pratigya J. Polissar, Laura Arnold, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-65, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-65, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for CP
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed from sediments of different ocean sites phytoplankton carbon isotopic fractionation (εp), mainly linked to CO2 variations, during the Oligocene to early Miocene. Records confirm long-term trends but show contrasting relationships with the sea surface temperatures evolution. We evaluate the role of non-CO2 physiological factors such as temperature and nutrients at each site εp, highlighting the complexity of interpreting climate dynamics and CO2 reconstructions.
Alexander J. Clark, Ismael Torres-Romero, Madalina Jaggi, Stefano M. Bernasconi, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past, 20, 2081–2101, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2081-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2081-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coccoliths are abundant in sediments across the world’s oceans, yet it is difficult to apply traditional carbon or oxygen isotope methodologies for temperature reconstructions. We show that our coccolith clumped isotope temperature calibration with well-constrained temperatures systematically differs from inorganic carbonate calibrations. We suggest the use of our well-constrained calibration for future coccolith carbonate temperature reconstructions.
Thibauld M. Béjard, Andrés S. Rigual-Hernández, Javier P. Tarruella, José-Abel Flores, Anna Sanchez-Vidal, Irene Llamas-Cano, and Francisco J. Sierro
Biogeosciences, 21, 4051–4076, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4051-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4051-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean Sea is regarded as a climate change hotspot. Documenting the population of planktonic foraminifera is crucial. In the Sicily Channel, fluxes are higher during winter and positively linked with chlorophyll a concentration and cool temperatures. A comparison with other Mediterranean sites shows the transitional aspect of the studied zone. Finally, modern populations significantly differ from those in the sediment, highlighting a possible effect of environmental change.
Paul Töchterle, Anna Baldo, Julian B. Murton, Frederik Schenk, R. Lawrence Edwards, Gabriella Koltai, and Gina E. Moseley
Clim. Past, 20, 1521–1535, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1521-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1521-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a reconstruction of permafrost and snow cover on the British Isles for the Younger Dryas period, a time of extremely cold winters that happened approximately 12 000 years ago. Our results indicate that seasonal sea ice in the North Atlantic was most likely a crucial factor to explain the observed climate shifts during this time.
Pengzhen Duan, Hanying Li, Zhibang Ma, Jingyao Zhao, Xiyu Dong, Ashish Sinha, Peng Hu, Haiwei Zhang, Youfeng Ning, Guangyou Zhu, and Hai Cheng
Clim. Past, 20, 1401–1414, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use multi-proxy speleothem records to reveal a two droughts–one pluvial pattern during 8.5–8.0 ka. The different rebounded rainfall quantity after two droughts causes different behavior of δ13C, suggesting the dominant role of rainfall threshold on the ecosystem. A comparison of different records suggests the prolonged 8.2 ka event is a globally common phenomenon rather than a regional signal. The variability of the AMOC strength is mainly responsible for these climate changes.
Nikita Kaushal, Carlos Perez-Mejias, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-37, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-37, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for CP
Short summary
Short summary
Terminations are large magnitude rapid events triggered in the North Atlantic region that manifest across the global climate system. They provide key examples of climatic teleconnections and dynamics. In this study, we use the SISAL global speleothem database and find that there are sufficient climatic records from key locations to make speleothems a valuable archive for studying Terminations and provide instances for more targeted work on speleothem research.
Nikita Kaushal, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Micah Wilhelm, Khalil Azennoud, Janica C. Bühler, Kerstin Braun, Yassine Ait Brahim, Andy Baker, Yuval Burstyn, Laia Comas-Bru, Jens Fohlmeister, Yonaton Goldsmith, Sandy P. Harrison, István G. Hatvani, Kira Rehfeld, Magdalena Ritzau, Vanessa Skiba, Heather M. Stoll, József G. Szűcs, Péter Tanos, Pauline C. Treble, Vitor Azevedo, Jonathan L. Baker, Andrea Borsato, Sakonvan Chawchai, Andrea Columbu, Laura Endres, Jun Hu, Zoltán Kern, Alena Kimbrough, Koray Koç, Monika Markowska, Belen Martrat, Syed Masood Ahmad, Carole Nehme, Valdir Felipe Novello, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Jiaoyang Ruan, Natasha Sekhon, Nitesh Sinha, Carol V. Tadros, Benjamin H. Tiger, Sophie Warken, Annabel Wolf, Haiwei Zhang, and SISAL Working Group members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1933–1963, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Speleothems are a popular, multi-proxy climate archive that provide regional to global insights into past hydroclimate trends with precise chronologies. We present an update to the SISAL (Speleothem Isotopes
Synthesis and AnaLysis) database, SISALv3, which, for the first time, contains speleothem trace element records, in addition to an update to the stable isotope records available in previous versions of the database, cumulatively providing data from 365 globally distributed sites.
Synthesis and AnaLysis) database, SISALv3, which, for the first time, contains speleothem trace element records, in addition to an update to the stable isotope records available in previous versions of the database, cumulatively providing data from 365 globally distributed sites.
Miguel Bartolomé, Ana Moreno, Carlos Sancho, Isabel Cacho, Heather Stoll, Negar Haghipour, Ánchel Belmonte, Christoph Spötl, John Hellstrom, R. Lawrence Edwards, and Hai Cheng
Clim. Past, 20, 467–494, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-467-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-467-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reconstructing past temperatures at regional scales during the Common Era is necessary to place the current warming in the context of natural climate variability. We present a climate reconstruction based on eight stalagmites from four caves in the Pyrenees, NE Spain. These stalagmites were dated precisely and analysed for their oxygen isotopes, which appear dominated by temperature changes. Solar variability and major volcanic eruptions are the two main drivers of observed climate variability.
Heather M. Stoll, Leopoldo D. Pena, Ivan Hernandez-Almeida, José Guitián, Thomas Tanner, and Heiko Pälike
Clim. Past, 20, 25–36, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-25-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-25-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Oligocene and early Miocene periods featured dynamic glacial cycles on Antarctica. In this paper, we use Sr isotopes in marine carbonate sediments to document a change in the location and intensity of continental weathering during short periods of very intense Antarctic glaciation. Potentially, the weathering intensity of old continental rocks on Antarctica was reduced during glaciation. We also show improved age models for correlation of Southern Ocean and North Atlantic sediments.
Heather M. Stoll, Chris Day, Franziska Lechleitner, Oliver Kost, Laura Endres, Jakub Sliwinski, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Hai Cheng, and Denis Scholz
Clim. Past, 19, 2423–2444, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2423-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2423-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Stalagmites formed in caves provide valuable information about past changes in climate and vegetation conditions. In this contribution, we present a new method to better estimate past changes in soil and vegetation productivity using carbon isotopes and trace elements measured in stalagmites. Applying this method to other stalagmites should provide a better indication of past vegetation feedbacks to climate change.
Giselle Utida, Francisco W. Cruz, Mathias Vuille, Angela Ampuero, Valdir F. Novello, Jelena Maksic, Gilvan Sampaio, Hai Cheng, Haiwei Zhang, Fabio Ramos Dias de Andrade, and R. Lawrence Edwards
Clim. Past, 19, 1975–1992, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1975-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1975-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstruct the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) behavior during the past 3000 years over northeastern Brazil based on oxygen stable isotopes of stalagmites. Paleoclimate changes were mainly forced by the tropical South Atlantic and tropical Pacific sea surface temperature variability. We describe an ITCZ zonal behavior active around 1100 CE and the period from 1500 to 1750 CE. The dataset also records historical droughts that affected modern human population in this area of Brazil.
Ixeia Vidaller, Eñaut Izagirre, Luis Mariano del Rio, Esteban Alonso-González, Francisco Rojas-Heredia, Enrique Serrano, Ana Moreno, Juan Ignacio López-Moreno, and Jesús Revuelto
The Cryosphere, 17, 3177–3192, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3177-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3177-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Aneto glacier, the largest glacier in the Pyrenees, has shown continuous surface and ice thickness losses in the last decades. In this study, we examine changes in its surface and ice thickness for 1981–2022 and the remaining ice thickness in 2020. During these 41 years, the glacier has shrunk by 64.7 %, and the ice thickness has decreased by 30.5 m on average. The mean ice thickness in 2022 was 11.9 m, compared to 32.9 m in 1981. The results highlight the critical situation of the glacier.
Anika Donner, Paul Töchterle, Christoph Spötl, Irka Hajdas, Xianglei Li, R. Lawrence Edwards, and Gina E. Moseley
Clim. Past, 19, 1607–1621, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1607-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1607-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the first finding of fine-grained cryogenic cave minerals in Greenland, a type of speleothem that has been notably difficult to date. We present a successful approach for determining the age of these minerals using 230Th / U disequilibrium and 14C dating. We relate the formation of the cryogenic cave minerals to a well-documented extreme weather event in 1889 CE. Additionally, we provide a detailed report on the mineralogical and isotopic composition of these minerals.
Charlotte Honiat, Gabriella Koltai, Yuri Dublyansky, R. Lawrence Edwards, Haiwei Zhang, Hai Cheng, and Christoph Spötl
Clim. Past, 19, 1177–1199, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1177-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1177-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A look at the climate evolution during the last warm period may allow us to test ground for future climate conditions. We quantified the temperature evolution during the Last Interglacial using a tiny amount of water trapped in the crystals of precisely dated stalagmites in caves from the southeastern European Alps. Our record indicates temperatures up to 2 °C warmer than today and an unstable climate during the first half of the Last Interglacial.
Oliver Kost, Saúl González-Lemos, Laura Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Jakub Sliwinski, Laura Endres, Negar Haghipour, and Heather Stoll
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2227–2255, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2227-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2227-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cave monitoring studies including cave drip water are unique opportunities to sample water which has percolated through the soil and rock. The change in drip water chemistry is resolved over the course of 16 months, inferring seasonal and hydrological variations in soil and karst processes at the water–air and water–rock interface. Such data sets improve the understanding of hydrological and hydrochemical processes and ultimately advance the interpretation of geochemical stalagmite records.
Amanda Gerotto, Hongrui Zhang, Renata Hanae Nagai, Heather M. Stoll, Rubens César Lopes Figueira, Chuanlian Liu, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 20, 1725–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the analysis of the response of coccolithophores’ morphological attributes in a laboratory dissolution experiment and surface sediment samples from the South China Sea, we proposed that the thickness shape (ks) factor of fossil coccoliths together with the normalized ks variation, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of ks (σ) over the mean ks (σ/ks), is a robust and novel proxy to reconstruct past changes in deep ocean carbon chemistry.
Thibauld M. Béjard, Andrés S. Rigual-Hernández, José A. Flores, Javier P. Tarruella, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Isabel Cacho, Neghar Haghipour, Aidan Hunter, and Francisco J. Sierro
Biogeosciences, 20, 1505–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean Sea is undergoing a rapid and unprecedented environmental change. Planktic foraminifera calcification is affected on different timescales. On seasonal and interannual scales, calcification trends differ according to the species and are linked mainly to sea surface temperatures and carbonate system parameters, while comparison with pre/post-industrial assemblages shows that all three species have reduced their calcification between 10 % to 35 % according to the species.
Miguel Bartolomé, Gérard Cazenave, Marc Luetscher, Christoph Spötl, Fernando Gázquez, Ánchel Belmonte, Alexandra V. Turchyn, Juan Ignacio López-Moreno, and Ana Moreno
The Cryosphere, 17, 477–497, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-477-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-477-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we study the microclimate and the geomorphological features of Devaux ice cave in the Central Pyrenees. The research is based on cave monitoring, geomorphology, and geochemical analyses. We infer two different thermal regimes. The cave is impacted by flooding in late winter/early spring when the main outlets freeze, damming the water inside. Rock temperatures below 0°C and the absence of drip water indicate frozen rock, while relict ice formations record past damming events.
Jessica G. M. Crumpton-Banks, Thomas Tanner, Ivan Hernández Almeida, James W. B. Rae, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 19, 5633–5644, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5633-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5633-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Past ocean carbon is reconstructed using proxies, but it is unknown whether preparing ocean sediment for one proxy might damage the data given by another. We have tested whether the extraction of an organic proxy archive from sediment samples impacts the geochemistry of tiny shells also within the sediment. We find no difference in shell geochemistry between samples which come from treated and untreated sediment. This will help us to maximize scientific return from valuable sediment samples.
José Guitián, Miguel Ángel Fuertes, José-Abel Flores, Iván Hernández-Almeida, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 19, 5007–5019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5007-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5007-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of environmental conditions on the degree of calcification of marine phytoplankton remains unclear. This study implements a new microscopic approach to quantify the calcification of ancient coccolithophores, using North Atlantic sediments. Results show significant differences in the thickness and shape factor of coccoliths for samples with minimum dissolution, providing the first evaluation of phytoplankton physiology adaptation to million-year-scale variable environmental conditions.
Paul Töchterle, Simon D. Steidle, R. Lawrence Edwards, Yuri Dublyansky, Christoph Spötl, Xianglei Li, John Gunn, and Gina E. Moseley
Geochronology, 4, 617–627, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-617-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-617-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cryogenic cave carbonates (CCCs) provide a marker for past permafrost conditions. Their formation age is determined by Th / U dating. However, samples can be contaminated with small amounts of Th at formation, which can cause inaccurate ages and require correction. We analysed multiple CCCs and found that varying degrees of contamination can cause an apparent spread of ages, when samples actually formed within distinguishable freezing events. A correction method using isochrons is presented.
Franziska A. Lechleitner, Christopher C. Day, Oliver Kost, Micah Wilhelm, Negar Haghipour, Gideon M. Henderson, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past, 17, 1903–1918, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1903-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1903-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil respiration is a critical but poorly constrained component of the global carbon cycle. We analyse the effect of changing soil respiration rates on the stable carbon isotope ratio of speleothems from northern Spain covering the last deglaciation. Using geochemical analysis and forward modelling we quantify the processes affecting speleothem stable carbon isotope ratios and extract a signature of increasing soil respiration synchronous with deglacial warming.
Aleix Cortina-Guerra, Juan José Gomez-Navarro, Belen Martrat, Juan Pedro Montávez, Alessandro Incarbona, Joan O. Grimalt, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, and P. Graham Mortyn
Clim. Past, 17, 1523–1532, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1523-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1523-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
During late 20th century a singular Mediterranean circulation episode called the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) event occurred. It involved changes on the seawater physical and biogeochemical properties, which can impact areas broadly. Here, using paleosimulations for the last 1000 years we found that the East Atlantic/Western Russian atmospheric mode was the main driver of the EMT-type events in the past, and enhancement of this mode was coetaneous with low solar insolation.
Kathleen A. Wendt, Xianglei Li, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng, and Christoph Spötl
Clim. Past, 17, 1443–1454, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1443-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1443-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we tested the upper limits of U–Th dating precision by analyzing three stalagmites from the Austrian Alps that have high U concentrations. The composite record spans the penultimate interglacial (MIS 7) with an average 2σ age uncertainty of 400 years. This unprecedented age control allows us to constrain the timing of temperature shifts in the Alps during MIS 7 while offering new insight into millennial-scale changes in the North Atlantic leading up to Terminations III and IIIa.
Ana Moreno, Miguel Iglesias, Cesar Azorin-Molina, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Miguel Bartolomé, Carlos Sancho, Heather Stoll, Isabel Cacho, Jaime Frigola, Cinta Osácar, Arsenio Muñoz, Antonio Delgado-Huertas, Ileana Bladé, and Françoise Vimeux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10159–10177, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10159-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10159-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a large and unique dataset of the rainfall isotopic composition at seven sites from northern Iberia to characterize their variability at daily and monthly timescales and to assess the role of climate and geographic factors in the modulation of δ18O values. We found that the origin, moisture uptake along the trajectory and type of precipitation play a key role. These results will help to improve the interpretation of δ18O paleorecords from lacustrine carbonates or speleothems.
Gabriella Koltai, Christoph Spötl, Alexander H. Jarosch, and Hai Cheng
Clim. Past, 17, 775–789, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-775-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-775-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper utilises a novel palaeoclimate archive from caves, cryogenic cave carbonates, which allow for precisely constraining permafrost thawing events in the past. Our study provides new insights into the climate of the Younger Dryas (12 800 to 11 700 years BP) in mid-Europe from the perspective of a high-elevation cave sensitive to permafrost development. We quantify seasonal temperature and precipitation changes by using a heat conduction model.
Hongrui Zhang, Chuanlian Liu, Luz María Mejía, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 18, 1909–1916, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1909-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1909-2021, 2021
Chao-Jun Chen, Dao-Xian Yuan, Jun-Yun Li, Xian-Feng Wang, Hai Cheng, You-Feng Ning, R. Lawrence Edwards, Yao Wu, Si-Ya Xiao, Yu-Zhen Xu, Yang-Yang Huang, Hai-Ying Qiu, Jian Zhang, Ming-Qiang Liang, and Ting-Yong Li
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-20, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-20, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Ana Moreno, Miguel Bartolomé, Juan Ignacio López-Moreno, Jorge Pey, Juan Pablo Corella, Jordi García-Orellana, Carlos Sancho, María Leunda, Graciela Gil-Romera, Penélope González-Sampériz, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Francisco Navarro, Jaime Otero-García, Javier Lapazaran, Esteban Alonso-González, Cristina Cid, Jerónimo López-Martínez, Belén Oliva-Urcia, Sérgio Henrique Faria, María José Sierra, Rocío Millán, Xavier Querol, Andrés Alastuey, and José M. García-Ruíz
The Cryosphere, 15, 1157–1172, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1157-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1157-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our study of the chronological sequence of Monte Perdido Glacier in the Central Pyrenees (Spain) reveals that, although the intense warming associated with the Roman period or Medieval Climate Anomaly produced important ice mass losses, it was insufficient to make this glacier disappear. By contrast, recent global warming has melted away almost 600 years of ice accumulated since the Little Ice Age, jeopardising the survival of this and other southern European glaciers over the next few decades.
Xianglei Li, Kathleen A. Wendt, Yuri Dublyansky, Gina E. Moseley, Christoph Spötl, and R. Lawrence Edwards
Geochronology, 3, 49–58, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-49-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-49-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we built a statistical model to determine the initial δ234U in submerged calcite crusts that coat the walls of Devils Hole 2 (DH2) cave (Nevada, USA) and, using a 234U–238U dating method, extended the chronology of the calcite deposition beyond previous well-established 230Th ages and determined the oldest calcite deposited in this cave, a time marker for cave genesis. The novel method presented here may be used in future speleothem studies in similar hydrogeological settings.
Catarina Cavaleiro, Antje H. L. Voelker, Heather Stoll, Karl-Heinz Baumann, and Michal Kucera
Clim. Past, 16, 2017–2037, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2017-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2017-2020, 2020
Matías Frugone-Álvarez, Claudio Latorre, Fernando Barreiro-Lostres, Santiago Giralt, Ana Moreno, Josué Polanco-Martínez, Antonio Maldonado, María Laura Carrevedo, Patricia Bernárdez, Ricardo Prego, Antonio Delgado Huertas, Magdalena Fuentealba, and Blas Valero-Garcés
Clim. Past, 16, 1097–1125, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1097-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1097-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The manuscript identifies the main volcanic phases in the Laguna del Maule volcanic field and their impact in the lake basin through the late glacial and Holocene. We show that the bio-productivity and geochemical variabilities in the lake are related with climatic dynamics type ENSO, SPA and SWW and that the main phases are synchronous with the major regional climate changes on millennial timescales.
Yue Hu, Xiaoming Sun, Hai Cheng, and Hong Yan
Clim. Past, 16, 597–610, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-597-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-597-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Tridacna, as the largest marine bivalves, can be used for high-resolution paleoclimate reconstruction in its carbonate skeleton. In this contribution, the modern δ18O shell is suggested to be a proxy for sea surface temperature in the Xisha Islands, South China Sea. Data from a fossil Tridacna (3673 ± 28 BP) indicate a warmer climate and intense ENSO-related variability but reduced ENSO frequency and more extreme El Niño winters compared to modern Tridacna.
Ole Valk, Michiel M. Rutgers van der Loeff, Walter Geibert, Sandra Gdaniec, S. Bradley Moran, Kate Lepore, Robert Lawrence Edwards, Yanbin Lu, Viena Puigcorbé, Nuria Casacuberta, Ronja Paffrath, William Smethie, and Matthieu Roy-Barman
Ocean Sci., 16, 221–234, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-221-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-221-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
After 2007 230Th decreased significantly in the central Amundsen Basin. This decrease is accompanied by a circulation change, indicated by changes in salinity. Ventilation of waters is most likely not the reason for the observed depletion in 230Th as atmospherically derived tracers do not reveal an increase in ventilation rate. It is suggested that these interior waters have undergone enhanced scavenging of Th during transit from Fram Strait and the Barents Sea to the central Amundsen Basin.
Haiwei Zhang, Hai Cheng, Yanjun Cai, Christoph Spötl, Ashish Sinha, Gayatri Kathayat, and Hanying Li
Clim. Past, 16, 211–225, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-211-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-211-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Few studies have paid attention to the important effect of nonsummer monsoon (NSM) precipitation on the speleothem δ18O in SE China. We find the summer monsoon precipitation is equivalent to NSM precipitation amount in the area of spring persistent rain in SE China, and we discuss the relationships between seasonal precipitation amount, moisture source, δ18O, and ENSO. Characterizing the spatial differences in seasonal precipitation is key to interpreting the speleothem δ18O record.
Andrés S. Rigual Hernández, Thomas W. Trull, Scott D. Nodder, José A. Flores, Helen Bostock, Fátima Abrantes, Ruth S. Eriksen, Francisco J. Sierro, Diana M. Davies, Anne-Marie Ballegeer, Miguel A. Fuertes, and Lisa C. Northcote
Biogeosciences, 17, 245–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-245-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Coccolithophores account for a major fraction of the carbonate produced in the world's oceans. However, their contribution in the subantarctic Southern Ocean remains undocumented. We quantitatively partition calcium carbonate fluxes amongst coccolithophore species in the Australian–New Zealand sector of the Southern Ocean. We provide new insights into the importance of species other than Emiliania huxleyi in the carbon cycle and assess their possible response to projected environmental change.
Gina E. Moseley, Christoph Spötl, Susanne Brandstätter, Tobias Erhardt, Marc Luetscher, and R. Lawrence Edwards
Clim. Past, 16, 29–50, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-29-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-29-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Abrupt climate change during the last ice age can be used to provide important insights into the timescales on which the climate is capable of changing and the mechanisms that drive those changes. In this study, we construct climate records for the period 60 to 120 ka using stalagmites that formed in caves along the northern rim of the European Alps and find good agreement with the timing of climate changes in Greenland and the Asian monsoon.
Albert Català, Isabel Cacho, Jaime Frigola, Leopoldo D. Pena, and Fabrizio Lirer
Clim. Past, 15, 927–942, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-927-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-927-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction for the Holocene (last 11 700 years) in the westernmost Mediterranean Sea. We identify three sub-periods: the Early Holocene with warmest SST; the Middle Holocene with a cooling trend ending at 4200 years, which is identified as a double peak cooling event that marks the transition between the Middle and Late Holocene; and the Late Holocene with very different behaviour in both long- and short-term SST variability.
Monica Bini, Giovanni Zanchetta, Aurel Perşoiu, Rosine Cartier, Albert Català, Isabel Cacho, Jonathan R. Dean, Federico Di Rita, Russell N. Drysdale, Martin Finnè, Ilaria Isola, Bassem Jalali, Fabrizio Lirer, Donatella Magri, Alessia Masi, Leszek Marks, Anna Maria Mercuri, Odile Peyron, Laura Sadori, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Fabian Welc, Christoph Zielhofer, and Elodie Brisset
Clim. Past, 15, 555–577, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-555-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-555-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean region has returned some of the clearest evidence of a climatically dry period occurring approximately 4200 years ago. We reviewed selected proxies to infer regional climate patterns between 4.3 and 3.8 ka. Temperature data suggest a cooling anomaly, even if this is not uniform, whereas winter was drier, along with dry summers. However, some exceptions to this prevail, where wetter condition seems to have persisted, suggesting regional heterogeneity.
Hanying Li, Hai Cheng, Ashish Sinha, Gayatri Kathayat, Christoph Spötl, Aurèle Anquetil André, Arnaud Meunier, Jayant Biswas, Pengzhen Duan, Youfeng Ning, and Richard Lawrence Edwards
Clim. Past, 14, 1881–1891, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1881-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1881-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The
4.2 ka eventbetween 4.2 and 3.9 ka has been widely discussed in the Northern Hemsiphere but less reported in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we use speleothem records from Rodrigues in the southwestern Indian Ocean spanning from 6000 to 3000 years ago to investigate the regional hydro-climatic variability. Our records show no evidence for an unusual climate anomaly between 4.2 and 3.9 ka. Instead, it shows a multi-centennial drought between 3.9 and 3.5 ka.
Gayatri Kathayat, Hai Cheng, Ashish Sinha, Max Berkelhammer, Haiwei Zhang, Pengzhen Duan, Hanying Li, Xianglei Li, Youfeng Ning, and R. Lawrence Edwards
Clim. Past, 14, 1869–1879, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1869-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1869-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The 4.2 ka event is generally characterized as an approximately 300-year period of major global climate anomaly. However, the climatic manifestation of this event remains unclear in the Indian monsoon domain. Our high-resolution and precisely dated speleothem record from Meghalaya, India, characterizes the event as consisting of a series of multi-decadal droughts between 3.9 and 4.0 ka rather than a singular pulse of multi-centennial drought as previously thought.
Haiwei Zhang, Hai Cheng, Yanjun Cai, Christoph Spötl, Gayatri Kathayat, Ashish Sinha, R. Lawrence Edwards, and Liangcheng Tan
Clim. Past, 14, 1805–1817, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1805-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1805-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The collapses of several Neolithic cultures in China are considered to have been associated with abrupt climate change during the 4.2 ka BP event; however, the hydroclimate of this event in China is still poorly known. Based on stalagmite records from monsoonal China, we found that north China was dry but south China was wet during this event. We propose that the rain belt remained longer at its southern position, giving rise to a pronounced humidity gradient between north and south China.
Florian Adolphi, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Tobias Erhardt, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng, Chris S. M. Turney, Alan Cooper, Anders Svensson, Sune O. Rasmussen, Hubertus Fischer, and Raimund Muscheler
Clim. Past, 14, 1755–1781, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1755-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1755-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The last glacial period was characterized by a number of rapid climate changes seen, for example, as abrupt warmings in Greenland and changes in monsoon rainfall intensity. However, due to chronological uncertainties it is challenging to know how tightly coupled these changes were. Here we exploit cosmogenic signals caused by changes in the Sun and Earth magnetic fields to link different climate archives and improve our understanding of the dynamics of abrupt climate change.
Lourdes Arellano, Pilar Fernández, Barend L. van Drooge, Neil L. Rose, Ulrike Nickus, Hansjoerg Thies, Evzen Stuchlík, Lluís Camarero, Jordi Catalan, and Joan O. Grimalt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16081–16097, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16081-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16081-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Mountain areas are key for studying the impact of diffuse pollution due to human activities on the continental areas. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), human carcinogens with increased levels since the 1950s, are significant constituents of this pollution. We determined PAHs in monthly atmospheric deposition collected in European high mountain areas. The number of sites, period of study and sampling frequency provide the most comprehensive description of PAH fallout at remote sites.
Gloria M. Martin-Garcia, Francisco J. Sierro, José A. Flores, and Fátima Abrantes
Clim. Past, 14, 1639–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1639-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1639-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This work documents major oceanographic changes that occurred in the N. Atlantic from 812 to 530 ka and were related to the mid-Pleistocene transition. Since ~ 650 ka, glacials were more prolonged and intense than before. Larger ice sheets may have worked as a positive feedback mechanism to prolong the duration of glacials. We explore the connection between the change in the N. Atlantic oceanography and the enhanced ice-sheet growth, which contributed to the change of cyclicity in climate.
Hongrui Zhang, Heather Stoll, Clara Bolton, Xiaobo Jin, and Chuanlian Liu
Biogeosciences, 15, 4759–4775, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4759-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4759-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The sinking speeds of coccoliths are relevant for laboratory methods to separate coccoliths for geochemical analysis. However, in the absence of estimates of coccolith settling velocity, previous implementations have depended mainly on time-consuming method development by trial and error. In this study, the sinking velocities of cocooliths were carefully measured for the first time. We also provide an estimation of coccolith sinking velocity by shape, which will make coccolith separation easier.
Andrés S. Rigual Hernández, José A. Flores, Francisco J. Sierro, Miguel A. Fuertes, Lluïsa Cros, and Thomas W. Trull
Biogeosciences, 15, 1843–1862, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1843-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1843-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term and annual field observations on key organisms are a critical basis for predicting changes in Southern Ocean ecosystems. Coccolithophores are the most abundant calcium-carbonate-producing phytoplankton and play an important role in Southern Ocean biogeochemical cycles. In this study we document the composition, degree of calcification and annual cycle of coccolithophore communities in one of the largest unexplored regions of the world oceans: the Antarctic zone.
Gabriella Koltai, Hai Cheng, and Christoph Spötl
Clim. Past, 14, 369–381, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-369-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-369-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present a multi-proxy study of flowstones in fractures of crystalline rocks with the aim of assessing the palaeoclimate significance of this new type of speleothem archive. Our results indicate a high degree of spatial heterogeneity, whereby changes in speleothem mineralogy and carbon isotope composition are likely governed by aquifer-internal processes. In contrast, the oxygen isotope composition reflects first-order climate variability.
Saúl González-Lemos, José Guitián, Miguel-Ángel Fuertes, José-Abel Flores, and Heather M. Stoll
Biogeosciences, 15, 1079–1091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1079-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1079-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide affect ocean chemistry and the ability of marine organisms to manufacture shells from calcium carbonate. We describe a technique to obtain more reproducible measurements of the thickness of calcium carbonate shells made by microscopic marine algae called coccolithophores, which will allow researchers to compare how the shell thickness responds to variations in ocean chemistry in the past and present.
Ny Riavo Gilbertinie Voarintsoa, Loren Bruce Railsback, George Albert Brook, Lixin Wang, Gayatri Kathayat, Hai Cheng, Xianglei Li, Richard Lawrence Edwards, Amos Fety Michel Rakotondrazafy, and Marie Olga Madison Razanatseheno
Clim. Past, 13, 1771–1790, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1771-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1771-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This research has been an investigation of two stalagmites from two caves in NW Madagascar to reconstruct the region's paleoenvironmental changes, and to understand the linkage of such changes to the dynamics of the ITCZ. Stable isotopes, mineralogy, and petrography suggest wetter climate conditions than today during the early and late Holocene, when the mean ITCZ was south, and drier during the mid-Holocene when the ITCZ was north.
Stef Vansteenberge, Sophie Verheyden, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Eddy Keppens, and Philippe Claeys
Clim. Past, 12, 1445–1458, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1445-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1445-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The use of stalagmites for last interglacial continental climate reconstructions in Europe has been successful in the past; however to expand the geographical coverage, additional data from Belgium is presented. It has been shown that stalagmite growth, morphology and stable isotope content reflect regional and local climate conditions, with Eemian optimum climate occurring between 125.3 and 117.3 ka. The start the Weichselian is expressed by a stop of growth caused by a drying climate.
Mercè Cisneros, Isabel Cacho, Jaime Frigola, Miquel Canals, Pere Masqué, Belen Martrat, Marta Casado, Joan O. Grimalt, Leopoldo D. Pena, Giulia Margaritelli, and Fabrizio Lirer
Clim. Past, 12, 849–869, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-849-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-849-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a high-resolution multi-proxy study about the evolution of sea surface conditions along the last 2700 yr in the north-western Mediterranean Sea based on five sediment records from two different sites north of Minorca. The novelty of the results and the followed approach, constructing stack records from the studied proxies to preserve the most robust patterns, provides a special value to the study. This complex period appears to have significant regional changes in the climatic signal.
Dunia H. Urrego, Henry Hooghiemstra, Oscar Rama-Corredor, Belen Martrat, Joan O. Grimalt, Lonnie Thompson, Mark B. Bush, Zaire González-Carranza, Jennifer Hanselman, Bryan Valencia, and César Velásquez-Ruiz
Clim. Past, 12, 697–711, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-697-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-697-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We compare eight pollen records reflecting environmental change in the tropical Andes over the past 30 000 years. Our analysis focuses on the signature of millennial-scale climate variability in the tropical Andes: Heinrich stadials (HS) and Greenland interstadials (GI). We identify rapid responses of the tropical vegetation, with downslope upper forest line (UFL) migrations and cooling during HS and the Younger Dryas.
O. Rama-Corredor, B. Martrat, J. O. Grimalt, G. E. López-Otalvaro, J. A. Flores, and F. Sierro
Clim. Past, 11, 1297–1311, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1297-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1297-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The alkenone sea surface temperatures in the Guiana Basin show a rapid transmission of the climate variability from arctic to tropical latitudes during the last two interglacials (MIS1 and MIS5e) and warm long interstadials (MIS5d-a). In contrast, the abrupt variability of the glacial interval does follow the North Atlantic climate but is also shaped by precessional changes. This arctic to tropical decoupling occurs when the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation is substantially reduced.
B. L. van Drooge and J. O. Grimalt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7735–7752, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7735-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7735-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Molecular organic tracer compounds were analyzed in six particle sizes in an urban background site (Barcelona) and in a rural site in Spain. The results improve considerably our current understanding on the composition and particle-size distribution of organic air pollution in traffic intensive urban areas and rural sites where combustion of biomass plays an important role on the local and regional air quality, either by emissions from open fires or from domestic heating.
I. Hernández-Almeida, F.-J. Sierro, I. Cacho, and J.-A. Flores
Clim. Past, 11, 687–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-687-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-687-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This manuscript presents new Mg/Ca and previously published δ18O measurements of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral for MIS 31-19, from a sediment core from the subpolar North Atlantic. The mechanism proposed here involves northward subsurface transport of warm and salty subtropical waters during periods of weaker AMOC, leading to ice-sheet instability and IRD discharge. This is the first time that these rapid climate oscillations are described for the early Pleistocene.
O. Margalef, I. Cacho, S. Pla-Rabes, N. Cañellas-Boltà, J. J. Pueyo, A. Sáez, L. D. Pena, B. L. Valero-Garcés, V. Rull, and S. Giralt
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-1407-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-1407-2015, 2015
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
The Rano Aroi peat record (Easter Island, 27ºS) is characterized by six major events of enhanced precipitation between 38 and 65 kyr BP coinciding with Heinrich and Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) Stadials. These events draw a coherent regional picture involving atmospheric and oceanic reorganization. The singular location of Easter Island, filling a gap in an area where marine records are not available, contributes to understand the mechanisms behind these global rapid climatic excursions.
M. N. Müller, M. Lebrato, U. Riebesell, J. Barcelos e Ramos, K. G. Schulz, S. Blanco-Ameijeiras, S. Sett, A. Eisenhauer, and H. M. Stoll
Biogeosciences, 11, 1065–1075, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1065-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1065-2014, 2014
M. Alier, B. L. van Drooge, M. Dall'Osto, X. Querol, J. O. Grimalt, and R. Tauler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10353–10371, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10353-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10353-2013, 2013
M. Dall'Osto, X. Querol, A. Alastuey, M. C. Minguillon, M. Alier, F. Amato, M. Brines, M. Cusack, J. O. Grimalt, A. Karanasiou, T. Moreno, M. Pandolfi, J. Pey, C. Reche, A. Ripoll, R. Tauler, B. L. Van Drooge, M. Viana, R. M. Harrison, J. Gietl, D. Beddows, W. Bloss, C. O'Dowd, D. Ceburnis, G. Martucci, N. L. Ng, D. Worsnop, J. Wenger, E. Mc Gillicuddy, J. Sodeau, R. Healy, F. Lucarelli, S. Nava, J. L. Jimenez, F. Gomez Moreno, B. Artinano, A. S. H. Prévôt, L. Pfaffenberger, S. Frey, F. Wilsenack, D. Casabona, P. Jiménez-Guerrero, D. Gross, and N. Cots
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8991–9019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8991-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8991-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Feedback and Forcing | Archive: Terrestrial Archives | Timescale: Millenial/D-O
Evaluating the link between the sulfur-rich Laacher See volcanic eruption and the Younger Dryas climate anomaly
James U. L. Baldini, Richard J. Brown, and Natasha Mawdsley
Clim. Past, 14, 969–990, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-969-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-969-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Younger Dryas occurred ~13 ka BP and is an iconic millennial-scale climate anomaly. However, the cause of the event is still ambiguous. Here, we propose that the event was triggered by a large, sulfur-rich eruption of the Laacher See volcano (Germany). The eruption's direct (sulfate aerosol-induced) cooling effects lasted less than 5 years, and we suggest these were amplified and extended by a sea-ice–ocean circulation positive feedback, leading to the event's characteristic features.
Cited articles
Azibeiro, L. A., Sierro, F. J., Capotondi, L., Lirer, F., Andersen, N., González-Lanchas, A., Alonso-Garcia, M., Flores, J. A., Cortina, A., Grimalt, J. O., Martrat, B., and Cacho, I.: Meltwater flux from northern ice-sheets to the mediterranean during MIS 12, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 268, 107108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107108, 2021.
Barker, S. and Knorr, G.: Millennial scale feedbacks determine the shape and rapidity of glacial termination, Nat. Commun., 14, 2273, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22388-6, 2021.
Barker, S., Barker, S., Knorr, G., Edwards, R. L., Parrenin, F., Putnam, A. E., Skinner, L. C., Wolff, E., and Ziegler, M.: 800,000 Years of abrupt climate variability, Science, 334, 347–352, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1203580, 2011.
Barker, S., Chen, J., Gong, X., Jonkers, L., Knorr, G., and Thornalley, D.: Icebergs not the trigger for North Atlantic cold events, Nature, 520, 333–336, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14330, 2015.
Barker, S., Knorr, G., Conn, S., Lordsmith, S., and Newman, D.: Early Interglacial Legacy of Deglacial Climate Instability, Paleoceanogr. Paleoclimatol., 2, 1455–1475, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019PA003661, 2019.
Bar-Matthews, M., Ayalon, A., Kaufman, A., and Wasserburg, G.: The Eastern Mediterranean paleoclimate as a reflection of region events: Soreq Cave, Isr. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 166, 85–95, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00275-1, 1999.
Bar-Matthews, M., Ayalon, M. and Kaufman, A:. Timing and hydrological conditions of Sapropel events in the Eastern Mediterranean, as evident from speleothems, Soreq cave, Israel, Chem. Geol., 169, 145–156, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00232-6, 2000.
Bar-Matthews, M., Ayalon, A., Gilmour, M., Matthews, A., and Hawkesworth, C. J.: Sea – land oxygen isotopic relationships from planktonic foraminifera and speleothems in the Eastern Mediterranean region and their implication for paleorainfall during interglacial intervals, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 67, 3181–3199, 2003.
Bartolomé, M., Moreno, A., Sancho, C., Stoll, H. M., Cacho, I., Spötl, C., Belmonte, Á., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., and Hellstrom, J. C.: Hydrological change in Southern Europe responding to increasing North Atlantic overturning during Greenland Stadial 1, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 6568–6572, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1503990112, 2015.
Boers, N.: Observation-based early-warning signals for a collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, Nat. Clim. Chang., 11, 680–688, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01097-4, 2021.
Cacho, I., Grimalt, J. O., Pelejero, C., Canals, M., Sierro, F. J., Flores, J. A., and Shackleton, N.: Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich event imprints in Alboran Sea paleotemperatures, Paleoceanography, 14, 698–705, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999PA900044, 1999.
Cai, Y., Fung, I. Y., Edwards, R. L., An, Z., Cheng, H., Lee, J., Tan, L., and Shen, C. C., Wang, X., Day, J. A., Zhou, W., Kelly, M. J., and Chiang, J. C. H.: Variability of stalagmite-inferred Indian monsoon precipitation over the past 252 000 y, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 11210, 2954–2959, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1424035112, 2015.
Català, A., Cacho, I., Frigola, J., Pena, L. D., and Lirer, F.: Holocene hydrography evolution in the Alboran Sea: a multi-record and multi-proxy comparison, Clim. Past, 15, 927–942, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-927-2019, 2019.
Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Wang, Y., Kong, X., Ming, Y., Kelly, M. J., Wang, X., and Gallup, C. D.:. A penultimate glacial monsoon record from Hulu Cave and two-phase glacial terminations, Geology 34, 217–220, 2006.
Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Broecker, W. S., Denton, G. H., Kong, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, R., and Wang, X.: Ice Age Terminations, Science 326, 248–252,, 2009.
Cheng, H., Sinha, A., Wang, X., Cruz, F. W., and Edwards, R. L.: The global paleomonsoon as seen through speleothem records from Asia and the Americas, Clim. Dyn., 39, 1045–1062, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1363-7, 2012.
Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Chuan-Chou, S., Polyak, V. J., Asmerom, Y., Woodhead, J., Hellstrom, J., Yongjin, W., Xinggong, K., Spotl, C., Xianfeng, W., and Alexander Jr., E. C.: Improvements in 230Th dating, 230Th and 234U half-life values, and U-Th isotopic measurements by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 371–372, 82–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.04.006, 2013.
Cheng, H., Spötl, C., Breitenbach, S. F. M., Sinha, A., Wassenburg, J. A., Jochum, K. P., Scholz, D., Li, X., Yi, L., Peng, Y., Lv, Y., Zhang, P., Votintseva, A., Loginov, V., Ning, Y., Kathayat, G., and Edwards, R. L.: Climate variations of Central Asia on orbital to millennial timescales, Sci. Rep., 5, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36975, 2016.
Clark, P. U., Shakun, J. D., Baker, P. A., Bartlein, P. J., Brewer, S., Brook, E., Carlson, A. E., Cheng, H., Kaufman, D. S., Liu, Z., Marchitto, T. M., Mix, A. C., Morrill, C., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Pahnke, K., Russell, J. M., Whitlock, C., Adkins, J. F., Blois, J. L., Clark, J., Colman, S. M., Curry, W. B., Flower, B. P., He, F., Johnson, T. C., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Markgraf, V., McManus, J., Mitrovica, J. X., Moreno, P. I., and Williams, J. W.: Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, E1134–E1142, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1116619109, 2012
Columbu, A., Spötl, C., De Waele, J., Yu, T. L., Shen, C. C., and Gázquez, F.: A long record of MIS 7 and MIS 5 climate and environment from a western Mediterranean speleothem (SW Sardinia, Italy), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 220, 230–243, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.07.023, 2019.
Coplen, T. B.: New guidelines for reporting stable hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen isotope-ratio data, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 3359–3360, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(96)00263-3, 1996.
Cruz, F. W., Burns, S. J., Karmann, I., Sharp, W. D., Vuille, M., Cardoso, A. O., Ferrari, J. A., Silva Dias, P. L., and Viana, O.: Insolation-driven changes in atmospheric circulation over the past 116,000 years in subtropical Brazil, Nature, 434, 63–66, 2005.
Cruz, F. W., Vuille, M., Burns, S. J., Wang, X., Cheng, H., Werner, M., Lawrence Edwards, R., Karmann, I., Auler, A. S., and Nguyen, H.: Orbitally driven east–west antiphasing of South American precipitation, Nat. Geosci., 2, 210–214, 2009.
Dorale, J. A., Onac, B. P., Fornós, J. J., Ginés, J., Ginés, A., Tuccimei, P., and Peate, D. W.: Sea-level highstand 81,000 years ago in mallorca, Science, 327, 860–863, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1181725, 2010.
Drysdale, R. N., Zanchetta, G., Hellstrom, J. C., Fallick, A. E., Zhao, J. X., Isola, I., and Bruschi, G.: Palaeoclimatic implications of the growth history and stable isotope δ18O and δ13C. Geochemistry of a Middle to Late Pleistocene stalagmite from central-western Italy, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 227, 215–229, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.09.010, 2004.
Drysdale, R. N. Hellstrom, J. C., Zanchetta, G., Fallick, A. E., Sánchez-Goñi, M. F., and Couchoud, I.: Evidence for obliquity forcing of glacial termination II, Science, 3255947, 1527–1531, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1170371, 2009.
Dumitru, O. A., Forray, F. L., Fornós, J. J., Ersek, V., and Onac, B. P.: Water isotopic variability in Mallorca: a path to understanding past changes in hydroclimate, Hydrol. Process., 31, 104–116, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10978, 2017.
Dumitru, O. A., Onac, B. P., Polyak, V. J., Wynn, J. G., Asmerom, Y., and Fornós, J. J.: Climate variability in the western Mediterranean between 121 and 67 ka derived from a Mallorcan speleothem record, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl. 506, 128–138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.06.028, 2018.
Fairchild, I. J., Borsato, A., Tooth, A. F., Frisia, S., Hawkesworth, C. J., Huang, Y., McDermott, F., and Spiro, B.: Controls on trace element Sr-Mg. compositions of carbonate cave waters: Implications for speleothem climatic records, Chem. Geol., 166, 255–269, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00216-8, 2000.
García-Alix, A., Camuera, J., Ramos-Román, M. J., Toney, J. L., Sachse, D., Schefub, E., Jimenez-Moreno, G., Jiménez-Espejo, F. J., López-Avilés, A., Anderson, R. S., and Yanes, Y.: Paleohydrological dynamics in the Western Mediterranean during the last glacial cycle, Global Planet. Change, 202, 103527, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103527, 2021.
Genty, D., Verheyden, S., and Wainer, K.: Speleothem records over the last interglacial. Investigating Past Interglacials, PAGES news, 21, 1–2, 2013.
Gimeno, L., Nieto, R., Trigo, R. M., Vicente-Serrano, S. M., and López-Moreno, J. I.: Where does the Iberian Peninsula moisture come from? An answer based on a Lagrangian approach, J. Hydrometeorol., 11, 421–436, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JHM1182.1, 2010.
Gonzalez-Mora, B., Sierro, F. J., and Schönfeld, J.: Temperature and stable isotope variations in different water masses from the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean) between 250 and 150 ka, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, Q10016 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001906, 2008.
Grant, K. M., Rohling, E. J., Bar-Matthews, M., Ayalon, A., Medina-Elizalde, M., Bronk Ramsey, C., Satow, C., and Roberts, A. P.: Rapid coupling between ice volume and polar temperature over the past 150 kyr, Nature, 491, 744–747, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11593, 2012.
Grant, K. M., Grimm, R., Mikolajewicz, U., Marino, G., Ziegler, M., and Rohling, E. J.: The timing of Mediterranean sapropel deposition relative to insolation, sea-level and African monsoon changes, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 140, 125–141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.03.026, 2016.
Hellstrom, J., McCulloch, M., and Stone, J.: A Detailed 31,000-Year Record of Climate and Vegetation Change, from the Isotope Geochemistry of Two New Zealand Speleothems, Quaternary Res., 50, 167–178, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998, 1998.
Hobart, B., Lisiecki, L. E., Rand, D., Lee, T., and Lawrence, C. E.: Late Pleistocene 100-kyr glacial cycles paced by precession forcing of summer insolation, Nat. Geosci., 16, 717–722, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01235-x, 2023.
Hodell, D., Crowhurst, S., Skinner, L., Tzedakis, P. C., Margari, V., Channell, J. E. T., Kamenov, G., MacLachlan, S., and Rothwell, G.: Response of Iberian Margin sediments to orbital and suborbital forcing over the past 420 ka, Paleoceanography, 28, 185–199, https://doi.org/10.1002/palo.20017, 2013.
Hodell, D., Lourens, L., Crowhurst, S., Konijnendijk, T., Tjallingii, R., Jiménez-espejo, F., Skinner, L., Shackleton, T., Project, S., Abrantes, F., Acton, G. D., Zarikian, C. A. A., Bahr, A., Balestra, B., Barranco, E. L., Carrara, G., Ducassou, E., Flood, R. D., Flores, J., Furota, S., Grimalt, J., Grunert, P., Hernández-molina, J., Kim, J. K., Krissek, L. A., Kuroda, J., Li, B., Lo, J., Margari, V., Martrat, B., Miller, M. D., Nanayama, F., Nishida, N., Richter, C., Rodrigues, T., Rodríguez-tovar, F. J., Cristina, A., Roque, F., Goñi, M. F. S., Sánchez, F. J. S., Singh, A. D., Sloss, C. R., Stow, D. A. V, Takashimizu, Y., Tzanova, A., Voelker, A., Xuan, C., and Williams, T.: A reference time scale for Site U1385 (Shackleton Site) on the SW Iberian Margin, Global Planet. Change, 133, 49–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.07.002, 2015.
Hodell, D. A., Channell, J. E. T., Curtis, J. H., and Romero, O. E.: Onset of “Hudson Strait” Heinrich events in the eastern North Atlantic at the end of the middle Pleistocene transition 640 ka, Paleoceanography, 23, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001591, 2008.
Hodell, D. A., Crowhurst, S. J., Lourens, L., Margari, V., Nicolson, J., Rolfe, J. E., Skinner, L. C., Thomas, N. C., Tzedakis, P. C., Mleneck-Vautravers, M. J., and Wolff, E. W.: A 1.5-million-year record of orbital and millennial climate variability in the North Atlantic, Clim. Past, 19, 607–636, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-607-2023, 2023.
Imbrie, J., Hays, J. D., Martinson, D. G., McInteyre, A., Mix, A. C., Morley, J. J., Pisias, N. G., Prell, W. L., and Shackleton, N. J.: The Orbital Theory of Pleistocene Climate: Support from a Revised Chronology of the Marine 18O Record, in: Milankovitch and Climate Part 1, D Reidel Publishing Company, 269–305, 1984.
IPCC: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Core Writing Team, Lee, H., and Romero, J., IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 184 pp., https://doi.org/10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647, 2023.
Jaffey, A. H., Flynn, K. F., Glendenin, L. E., Bentley, W. C., and Essling, A. M.: Precision measurement of half- lives and specific activities of 235U and 238, Phys. Rev., 5, 1889–1906, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.4.1889, 1971.
Jian, Z., Wang, Y., Dang, H., Mohtadi, M., Rosenthal, Y., Lea, D. W., Liu, Z., Jin, H., Ye, L., Kuhnt, W., and Wang, X.: Warm pool ocean heat content regulates ocean–continent moisture transport, Nature, 612, 92–99, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05302-y, 2022.
Jiménez-Amat, P. and Zahn, R.: Offset timing of climate oscillations during the last two glacial-interglacial transitions connected with large-scale freshwater perturbation, Paleoceanography, 30, 768–788, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014PA002710, 2015.
Kaushal, N., Perez-Mejías, C., and Stoll, H. M.: Perspective on ice age Terminations from absolute chronologies provided by global speleothem records, Clim. Past Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-37, in review, 2024.
Krklec, K. and Domínguez-Villar, D.: Quantification of the impact of moisture source regions on the oxygen isotope composition of precipitation over Eagle Cave, central Spain, Geoch. Cosm. Acta, 134, 39–54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.03.011, 2014.
Kutzbach, J. E., Chen, G., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., and Liu, Z.: Potential role of winter rainfall in explaining increased moisture in the Mediterranean and Middle East during periods of maximum orbitally-forced insolation seasonality, Clim. Dynam., 42, 1079–1095, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1692-1, 2014.
Lambeck, K., Rouby, H., Purcell, A., Sun, Y., and Sambridge, M.: Sea level and global ice volumes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 15296–15303, 2014.
Laskar, J., Robutel, P., Joutel, F., Gastineau, M., Correia, A. C. M., and Levrard, B.: A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth, Astron. Astrophys., 428, 261–285, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20041335, 2004.
Lionello, P.: The Climate of the Mediterranean Region: From the Past to the Future, 1st edn., Elsevier Inc, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-416042-2.00009-4, 2012.
Lisiecki, L. E. and Raymo, M. E.: A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records, Paleoceanography, 201, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001071, 2005.
Marino, G., Rohling, E. J., Rodríguez-Sanz, L., Grant, K. M., Heslop, D., Roberts, A. P., Stanford, J. D., and Yu, J.: Bipolar seesaw control on last interglacial sea level, Nature, 522, 197–201, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14499, 2015.
Marra, F., Rohling, E. J., Florindo, F., Jicha, B., Nomade, S., and Renne, P. R.: Independent 40Ar
Marra, F., Costantini, L., Buduo, G. M. Di, Florindo, F., Jicha, B. R., Palladino, D. M., and Sottili, G.: Combined glacio-eustatic forcing and volcano-tectonic uplift: Geomorphological and geochronological constraints on the Tiber River terraces in the eastern Vulsini Volcanic District (central Italy), Global Planet. Change, 182, 103009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103009, 2019.
Martinson, D. G., Pisias, N. G., Hays, J. D., Imbrie, J., Moore, T. C., and Shackleton, N. J., Age dating and the orbital theory of the ice ages: Development of a high-resolution 0 to 300,000-year chronostratigraphy, Quaternary Res., 27, 1–29, 1987.
Martrat, B., Grimalt, J. O., Lopez-Martínez, C., Cacho, I., Sierro, F. J., Flores, J. A., Zahn, R., Canals, M., Curtis, J. H., and Hodell, D. A.: Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years, Science, 306, 1762–1765, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1101706, 2004.
Martrat, B., Grimalt, J. O., Shackleton, N. J., De Abreu, L., Hutterli, M. A., and Stocker, T. F.: Four climate cycles of recurring deep and surface water destabilizations on the Iberian margin, Science, 317, 502–507, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1139994, 2007.
Milankovitch, M.: Kanon der Erdbestrahlung und seine Anwendung auf des Eiszeitenproblem. Special Publication 132, Section of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, vol. 33, p. 633, Royal Serbian Academy of Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia (“Canon of Insolation and the Ice Age Problem”) (trans. Israel Program for the US Department of Commerce and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., USA, 1969, and by Zavod za udzbenike i nastavna sredstva in cooperation with Muzej nauke i tehnike Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti, Belgrade, Serbia, 1998), 1941.
Millán, M. M., Estrela, J., and Miró, J.: Rainfall Components: Variability and Spatial Distribution in a Mediterranean Area (Valencia Region), J. Climate, 18, 2682–2705, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3426.1, 2005.
Moreno, A., Stoll, H., Jiménez-Sánchez, M., Cacho, I., Valero-Garcés, B., Ito, E., and Edwards, R. L.: A speleothem record of glacial 25–11.6 kyr BP. rapid climatic changes from northern Iberian Peninsula, Global Planet. Change, 71, 218–231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.10.002, 2010.
Moreno, A., Iglesias, M., Azorin-Molina, C., Pérez-Mejías, C., Bartolomé, M., Sancho, C., Stoll, H., Cacho, I., Frigola, J., Osácar, C., Muñoz, A., Delgado-Huertas, A., Bladé, I., and Vimeux, F.: Measurement report: Spatial variability of northern Iberian rainfall stable isotope values – investigating atmospheric controls on daily and monthly timescales, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10159–10177, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10159-2021, 2021.
Moseley, G. E., Edwards, R. L., Wendt, K. A., Cheng, H., Dublyansky, Y., Lu, Y., and Boch, R.: Reconciliation of the Devils Hole climate record with orbital forcing, Science, 351, 165–168, 2016.
Nichols, M. D., Xuan, C., Crowhurst, S., Richter, C., Acton, G. D., and Wilson, P. A.: Climate – Induced Variability in Mediterranean Out fl ow to the North Atlantic Ocean During the Late Pleistocene, Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 35, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA003947, 2020.
Nieto, R., Gimeno, L., Drumond, A., and Hernandez, E.: A Lagrangian identification of the main moisture sources and sinks affecting the Mediterranean area, WSEAS Trans. Env. Dev. 6, 365–374, 2010.
Ochoa, D., Sierro, F. J., Hilgen, F. J., Cortina, A., Lofi, J., Kouwenhoven, T., and Flores, J. A.: Origin and implications of orbital-induced sedimentary cyclicity in Pliocene well-logs of the Western Mediterranean, Mar. Geol., 403, 150–164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2018.05.009, 2018.
Past Interglacials Working Group of PAGES: Interglacials of the last 800,000 years. Rev. Geophys., 54, 162–219, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015RG000482, 2016.
Paillard, D., Labeyric, L., and Yiou, P.: Machintosh program performs time-series analysis, Eos Transactions, AGU 77, 379–379, https://doi.org/10.1029/96EO00259, 1996.
Rahmstorf, S.: Ocean circulation and climate during the past 120,000 years, Nature, 419, 207–214, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01090, 2002.
Rohling, E. J., Foster, G. L., Grant, K. M., Marino, G., Roberts, A. P., Tamisiea, M. E., and Williams, F.: Sea-level and deep-sea-temperature variability over the past 5.3 million years, Nature, 508, 477–482, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13230, 2014.
Rohling, E. J., Marino, G., and Grant, K. M.: Mediterranean climate and oceanography, and the periodic development of anoxic events sapropels, Earth-Sci. Rev., 143, 62–97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.01.008, 2015.
Sánchez-Goñi, M. F., Eynaud, F., Turon, J. L., and Shackleton, N. J.: High resolution palynological record off the Iberian margin: Direct land-sea correlation for the Last Interglacial complex, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 171, 123–137, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00141-7, 1999.
Sánchez-Goñi, M. F., Landais, A., Fletcher, W. J., Naughton, F., Desprat, S., and Duprat, J.: Contrasting impacts of Dansgaard – Oeschger events over a western European latitudinal transect modulated by orbital parameters, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 27, 1136–1151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.03.003, 2008.
Schicker, I., Radanovics, S., and Seibert, P.: Origin and transport of Mediterranean moisture and air, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5089–5105, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5089-2010, 2010.
Scholz, D. and Hoffmann, D. L.: StalAge: An algorithm designed for construction of speleothem age models, Quat. Geoch., 6, 369–382, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2011.02.002, 2011.
Shackleton, N. J.: The last interglacial in the marine and terrestrial records, P. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Bio., 1741034, 135–154, 1969.
Shackleton, N. J., Sánchez-Goñi, M. F., Pailler, D., and Lancelot, Y.: Marine isotope substage 5e and the Eemian interglacial, Global Planet. Change, 36, 151–155, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(02)00181-9, 2003.
Shen, C., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Dorale, J. A., Thomas, R. B., Moran, S. B., Weinstein, S. E., and Edmonds, H. N.: Uranium and thorium isotopic and concentration measurements by magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Chem. Geol., 185, 165–178, 2002.
Sierro, F. J., Hodell, D. A., Curtis, J. H., Flores, J. A., Reguera, I., Colmenero-Hidalgo, E., Barcena, M. A., Grimalt, J. O., Cacho, I., Frigola, J., and Canals, M.: Impact of iceberg melting on Mediterranean thermohaline circulation during Heinrich events, Paleoceanography, 20, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001051, 2005.
Sierro, F. J., Hodell, D. A., Andersen, N., and Azibeiro, L. A.: Mediterranean Over fl ow Over the Last 250 kyr: Freshwater Forcing From the Tropics to the Ice Sheets, Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 35, 1–31, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA003931, 2020.
Skinner, L. and Shackleton, N.: Deconstructing Terminations I and II: revisiting the glacioeustatic paradigm based on deep-water temperature estimates, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 25, 3312–3321, 2006.
Spötl, C., Scholz, D., and Mangini, A.: A terrestrial U
Stoll, H., Mendez-Vicente, A., Gonzalez-Lemos, S., Moreno, A., Cacho, I., Cheng, H., and Edwards, R. L.: Interpretation of orbital scale variability in mid-latitude speleothem δ18O: Significance of growth rate controlled kinetic fractionation effects, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 127, 215–228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.08.025, 2015.
Stoll, H. M., Müller, W., and Prieto, M.: I-STAL, a model for interpretation of Mg
Stoll, H. M., Cacho, I., Gasson, E., Sliwinski, J., Kost, O., Iglesias, M., Torner, J., Perez-Mejías, C., Haghipour, N., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., and Moreno, A.: Rapid northern hemisphere ice sheet melting during the penultimate deglaciation, Nat. Commun., 13, 3819, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31619-3, 2022.
Torner, J., Cacho, I., Moreno, A., Sierro, F. J., Martrat, B., Rodriguez-Lazaro, J., Frigola, J., Arnau, P., Belmonte, Á., Hellstrom, J., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., and Stoll, H.: Ocean-atmosphere interconnections from the last interglacial to the early glacial: An integration of marine and cave records in the Iberian region, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 226, 106037, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106037, 2019.
Toucanne, S., Angue Minto'o, C. M., Fontanier, C., Bassetti, M. A., Jorry, S. J., and Jouet, G.: Tracking rainfall in the northern Mediterranean borderlands during sapropel deposition, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 129, 178–195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.016, 2015.
Tzedakis, C.: Timing and duration of Last Interglacial conditions in Europe: A chronicle of a changing chronology, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 22, 763–768, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00004-0, 2003.
Tzedakis, P. C., Hooghiemstra, H., and Pälike, H.: The last 1.35 million years at Tenaghi Philippon: revised chronostratigraphy and long-term vegetation trends, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 25, 3416–3430, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.09.002, 2006.
Tzedakis, P. C., Raynaud, D., McManus, J. F., Berger, A., Brovkin, V., and Kiefer, T.: Interglacial diversity, Nat. Geosci., 2, 751–755, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo660, 2009.
Tzedakis, P. C., Wolff, E. W., Skinner, L. C., Brovkin, V., Hodell, D. A., McManus, J. F., and Raynaud, D.: Can we predict the duration of an interglacial?, Clim. Past, 8, 1473–1485, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1473-2012, 2012.
Tzedakis, P. C., Crucifix, M., Mitsui, T., and Wolff, E. W.: A simple rule to determine which insolation cycles lead to interglacials, Nat. Publ. Gr., 542, 427–432, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21364, 2017.
Tzedakis, P. C., Drysdale, R. N., Margari, V., Skinner, L. C., Menviel, L., Rhodes, R. H., Taschetto, A. S., Hodell, D. A., Crowhurst, S. J., Hellstrom, J. C., Fallick, A. E., Grimalt, J. O., McManus, J. F., Martrat, B., Mokeddem, Z., Parrenin, F., Regattieri, E., Roe, K., and Zanchetta, G.: Enhanced climate instability in the North Atlantic and southern Europe during the Last Interglacial, Nat. Commun., 9, 4235, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06683-3, 2018.
Waelbroeck, C., Kiefer, T., Dokken, T., Chen, M. T., Spero, H. J., Jung, S., Weinelt, M., Kucera, M., and Paul, A.: Constraints on surface seawater oxygen isotope change between the Last Glacial Maximum and the Late Holocene, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 105, 102–111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.020, 2014.
Wagner, B., Vogel, H., Francke, A., Friedrich, T., Donders, T., Lacey, J. H., Leng, M. J., Regattieri, E., Sadori, L., Wilke, T., Zanchetta, G., and Albrecht, C.: monsoons during the past 1.36 million years, Nature, 573, 256–260, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1529-0, 2019.
Wang, C.: A unified oscillator model for the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, J. Climate, 14, 98–115, 2001.
Wendt, K. A., Li, X., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., and Spötl, C.: Precise timing of MIS 7 substages from the Austrian Alps, Clim. Past, 17, 1443–1454, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1443-2021, 2021.
Yuan, D., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Dykoski, C. A., Kelly, M. J., Zhang, M., Qing, J., Lin, Y., Wang, Y., Wu, J., Dorale, J. A., An, Z., and Cai, Y.: Timing, Duration, and Transitions of the Last Interglacial Asian Monsoon, Science, 304, 575–578, 2004.
Short summary
We offer a clearer view of the timing of three relevant past glacial terminations. By analyzing the climatic signal recorded in stalagmite and linking it with marine records, we revealed differences in the intensity and duration of the ice melting associated with these three key deglaciations. This study shows that some deglaciations began earlier than previously thought; this improves our understanding of natural climate processes, helping us to contextualize current climate change.
We offer a clearer view of the timing of three relevant past glacial terminations. By analyzing...
