Articles | Volume 21, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1235-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1235-2025
Research article
 | 
16 Jul 2025
Research article |  | 16 Jul 2025

Temperature variability in southern Europe over the past 16 500 years constrained by speleothem fluid inclusion water isotopes

Juan Luis Bernal-Wormull, Ana Moreno, Yuri Dublyansky, Christoph Spötl, Reyes Giménez, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Miguel Bartolomé, Martin Arriolabengoa, Eneko Iriarte, Isabel Cacho, Richard Lawrence Edwards, and Hai Cheng

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Cited articles

Affolter, S., Fleitmann, D., and Leuenberger, M.: New online method for water isotope analysis of speleothem fluid inclusions using laser absorption spectroscopy (WS-CRDS), Clim. Past, 10, 1291–1304, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1291-2014, 2014. 
Affolter, S., Häuselmann, A., Fleitmann, D., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., and Leuenberger, M.: Central Europe temperature constrained by speleothem fluid inclusion water isotopes over the past 14,000 years, Sci. Adv., 5, eaav3809, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3809, 2019. 
Allen, J. R. M., Huntley, B., and Watts, W. A.: The vegetation and climate of northwest Iberia over the last 14,000 years, J. Quaternary Sci., 11, 125–147, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1417(199603/04)11:2<125::AID-JQS232>3.0.CO;2-U, 1996. 
Arienzo, M. M., Swart, P. K., and Vonhof, H. B.: Measurement of ä 18O and ä 2H values of fluid inclusion water in speleothems using cavity ring-down spectroscopy compared with isotope ratio mass spectrometry: Analysis of fluid inclusion water isotopes in speleothems using CRDS, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 27, 2616–2624, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6723, 2013. 
Armstrong McKay, D. I., Staal, A., Abrams, J. F., Winkelmann, R., Sakschewski, B., Loriani, S., Fetzer, I., Cornell, S. E., Rockström, J., and Lenton, T. M.: Exceeding 1.5 °C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points, Science, 377, eabn7950, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn7950, 2022. 
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Short summary
In this paper we present  a record of temperature changes during the last deglaciation and the Holocene using isotopes of fluid inclusions in stalagmites from the northeastern region of the Iberian Peninsula. This innovative climate proxy for this study region provides a quantitative understanding of the abrupt temperature changes in southern Europe in the last 16 500 years before present.
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