Articles | Volume 12, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-317-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-317-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Feb 2016
Research article |
| 18 Feb 2016
Variability of daily winter wind speed distribution over Northern Europe during the past millennium in regional and global climate simulations
Svenja E. Bierstedt
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht,
Geesthacht, Germany
Birgit Hünicke
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht,
Geesthacht, Germany
Eduardo Zorita
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht,
Geesthacht, Germany
Sebastian Wagner
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht,
Geesthacht, Germany
Juan José Gómez-Navarro
Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics
Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research,
University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Juan José Gómez-Navarro, Christoph C. Raible, Denica Bozhinova, Olivia Martius, Juan Andrés García Valero, and Juan Pedro Montávez
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2231–2247, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2231-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2231-2018, 2018
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Sitar Karabil, Eduardo Zorita, and Birgit Hünicke
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 69–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-69-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-69-2018, 2018
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We analysed the contribution of atmospheric factors to interannual off-shore sea-level variability in the Baltic Sea region. We identified a different atmospheric circulation pattern that is more closely linked to sea-level variability than the NAO. The inverse barometer effect contributes to that link in the winter and summer seasons. Freshwater flux is connected to the link in summer and net heat flux in winter.The new atmospheric-pattern-related wind forcing plays an important role in summer.
Sitar Karabil, Eduardo Zorita, and Birgit Hünicke
Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 1031–1046, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-1031-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-1031-2017, 2017
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Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 4005–4033, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017, 2017
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Climate model simulations covering the last millennium provide context for the evolution of the modern climate and for the expected changes during the coming centuries. They can help identify plausible mechanisms underlying palaeoclimatic reconstructions. Here, we describe the forcing boundary conditions and the experimental protocol for simulations covering the pre-industrial millennium. We describe the PMIP4 past1000 simulations as contributions to CMIP6 and additional sensitivity experiments.
Maria Pyrina, Sebastian Wagner, and Eduardo Zorita
Clim. Past, 13, 1339–1354, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1339-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1339-2017, 2017
Svenja E. Bierstedt, Birgit Hünicke, Eduardo Zorita, and Juliane Ludwig
Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 639–652, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-639-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-639-2017, 2017
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Martina Messmer, Juan José Gómez-Navarro, and Christoph C. Raible
Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 477–493, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-477-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-477-2017, 2017
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Juan José Gómez-Navarro, Eduardo Zorita, Christoph C. Raible, and Raphael Neukom
Clim. Past, 13, 629–648, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-629-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-629-2017, 2017
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This contribution aims at assessing to what extent the analogue method, a classic technique used in other branches of meteorology and climatology, can be used to perform gridded reconstructions of annual temperature based on the limited information from available but un-calibrated proxies spread across different locations of the world. We conclude that it is indeed possible, albeit with certain limitations that render the method comparable to more classic techniques.
Anne Dallmeyer, Martin Claussen, Jian Ni, Xianyong Cao, Yongbo Wang, Nils Fischer, Madlene Pfeiffer, Liya Jin, Vyacheslav Khon, Sebastian Wagner, Kerstin Haberkorn, and Ulrike Herzschuh
Clim. Past, 13, 107–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-107-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-107-2017, 2017
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Xing Yi and Eduardo Zorita
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2016-124, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2016-124, 2016
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In this paper we study the upwelling in the Arabian Sea simulated in two Earth System Models for the last millennium and for the 21st century. Revealing a negative long-term trend due to the model orbital forcing, the upwelling over the last millennium is strongly correlated with the SST, the Indian summer Monsoon and the G.bulloides abundance observed in the sediment records. In the future scenarios the warming of the sea water tends to stabilize the surface layer and hinder the upwelling.
Nele Tim, Eduardo Zorita, Birgit Hünicke, Xing Yi, and Kay-Christian Emeis
Ocean Sci., 12, 807–823, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-807-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-807-2016, 2016
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X. Yi, B. Hünicke, N. Tim, and E. Zorita
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-2683-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-2683-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript not accepted
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In this paper, we use the vertical water mass transport data provided by a high-resolution global ocean simulation to study the western Arabian Sea coastal upwelling system. Our results show that: 1). no significant long-term trend is detected in the upwelling time series. 2). the impact of Indian summer monsoon on the simulated upwelling is weak. 3). the upwelling is strongly affected by the sea level pressure gradient and the air temperature gradient.
J. J. Gómez-Navarro, C. C. Raible, and S. Dierer
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 3349–3363, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3349-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3349-2015, 2015
J. A. García-Valero, J. P. Montávez, J. J. Gómez-Navarro, and P. Jiménez-Guerrero
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2143–2159, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2143-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2143-2015, 2015
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This paper presents a study of extremely hot days (EHDs) in Spain and their connection with atmospheric dynamics. In addition, this work proposes a method that allows the detection of trends in the frequency of extreme events and their attribution to changes in atmospheric dynamics characterized through circulation types (CTs). The main CT-driven EHDs are identified. The increase in the EHD appearance is linked to the increase of the extreme CTs; however this only partially explains the trends.
J. J. Gómez-Navarro, O. Bothe, S. Wagner, E. Zorita, J. P. Werner, J. Luterbacher, C. C. Raible, and J. P Montávez
Clim. Past, 11, 1077–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1077-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1077-2015, 2015
N. Tim, E. Zorita, and B. Hünicke
Ocean Sci., 11, 483–502, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-483-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-483-2015, 2015
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The atmospheric drivers of the Benguela upwelling systems and its variability are statistically analysed with an ocean-only simulation over the last decades. Atmospheric upwelling-favourable conditions are southerly wind/wind stress, a strong subtropical anticyclone, and an ocean-land sea level pressure gradient as well as a negative ENSO and a positive AAO phase. No long-term trends of upwelling and of ocean-minus-land air pressure gradients, as supposed by Bakun, can be seen in our analysis.
J. A. Santos, M. F. Carneiro, A. Correia, M. J. Alcoforado, E. Zorita, and J. J. Gómez-Navarro
Clim. Past, 11, 825–834, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-825-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-825-2015, 2015
A. Dallmeyer, M. Claussen, N. Fischer, K. Haberkorn, S. Wagner, M. Pfeiffer, L. Jin, V. Khon, Y. Wang, and U. Herzschuh
Clim. Past, 11, 305–326, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-305-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-305-2015, 2015
G. Strandberg, E. Kjellström, A. Poska, S. Wagner, M.-J. Gaillard, A.-K. Trondman, A. Mauri, B. A. S. Davis, J. O. Kaplan, H. J. B. Birks, A. E. Bjune, R. Fyfe, T. Giesecke, L. Kalnina, M. Kangur, W. O. van der Knaap, U. Kokfelt, P. Kuneš, M. Lata\l owa, L. Marquer, F. Mazier, A. B. Nielsen, B. Smith, H. Seppä, and S. Sugita
Clim. Past, 10, 661–680, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-661-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-661-2014, 2014
J. J. Gómez-Navarro, J. P. Montávez, S. Wagner, and E. Zorita
Clim. Past, 9, 1667–1682, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1667-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1667-2013, 2013
G. Esnaola, J. Sáenz, E. Zorita, A. Fontán, V. Valencia, and P. Lazure
Ocean Sci., 9, 655–679, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-655-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-655-2013, 2013
O. Bothe, J. H. Jungclaus, D. Zanchettin, and E. Zorita
Clim. Past, 9, 1089–1110, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1089-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1089-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Climate Modelling | Archive: Modelling only | Timescale: Millenial/D-O
Surface buoyancy control of millennial-scale variations of the Atlantic meridional ocean circulation
High-resolution LGM climate of Europe and the Alpine region using the regional climate model WRF
Causes of the weak emergent constraint on climate sensitivity at the Last Glacial Maximum
Does a difference in ice sheets between Marine Isotope Stages 3 and 5a affect the duration of stadials? Implications from hosing experiments
Impact of mid-glacial ice sheets on deep ocean circulation and global climate
A Bayesian framework for emergent constraints: case studies of climate sensitivity with PMIP
Equilibrium simulations of Marine Isotope Stage 3 climate
Heinrich events show two-stage climate response in transient glacial simulations
Hosed vs. unhosed: interruptions of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a global coupled model, with and without freshwater forcing
The climate reconstruction in Shandong Peninsula, northern China, during the last millennium based on stalagmite laminae together with a comparison to δ18O
Last interglacial model–data mismatch of thermal maximum temperatures partially explained
Hindcasting the continuum of Dansgaard–Oeschger variability: mechanisms, patterns and timing
Climatic impacts of fresh water hosing under Last Glacial Maximum conditions: a multi-model study
A mechanism for dust-induced destabilization of glacial climates
The climate in the Baltic Sea region during the last millennium simulated with a regional climate model
Role of CO2 and Southern Ocean winds in glacial abrupt climate change
Heinrich event 1: an example of dynamical ice-sheet reaction to oceanic changes
Weakened atmospheric energy transport feedback in cold glacial climates
Water vapour source impacts on oxygen isotope variability in tropical precipitation during Heinrich events
Glacial climate sensitivity to different states of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: results from the IPSL model
Matteo Willeit, Andrey Ganopolski, Neil R. Edwards, and Stefan Rahmstorf
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-819, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-819, 2024
Short summary
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Using an Earth system model that can simulate Dansgaard-Oeschger-like events, we show that the conditions under which millenial-scale climate variability occurs is related to the integrated surface buoyancy flux over the northern North-Atlantic. This newly defined buoyancy measure explains why millenial-scale climate variability arising from abrupt changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation occurred for mid-glacial conditions but not for interglacial or full glacial conditions.
Emmanuele Russo, Jonathan Buzan, Sebastian Lienert, Guillaume Jouvet, Patricio Velasquez Alvarez, Basil Davis, Patrick Ludwig, Fortunat Joos, and Christoph C. Raible
Clim. Past, 20, 449–465, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-449-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-449-2024, 2024
Short summary
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We present a series of experiments conducted for the Last Glacial Maximum (~21 ka) over Europe using the regional climate Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) at convection-permitting resolutions. The model, with new developments better suited to paleo-studies, agrees well with pollen-based climate reconstructions. This agreement is improved when considering different sources of uncertainty. The effect of convection-permitting resolutions is also assessed.
Martin Renoult, Navjit Sagoo, Jiang Zhu, and Thorsten Mauritsen
Clim. Past, 19, 323–356, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-323-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-323-2023, 2023
Short summary
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The relationship between the Last Glacial Maximum and the sensitivity of climate models to a doubling of CO2 can be used to estimate the true sensitivity of the Earth. However, this relationship has varied in successive model generations. In this study, we assess multiple processes at the Last Glacial Maximum which weaken this relationship. For example, how models respond to the presence of ice sheets is a large contributor of uncertainty.
Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Akira Oka, Takahito Mitsui, and Fuyuki Saito
Clim. Past, 17, 1919–1936, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1919-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1919-2021, 2021
Short summary
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Glacial periods underwent climate shifts between warm states and cold states on a millennial timescale. Frequency of these climate shifts varied along time: it was shorter during mid-glacial period compared to early glacial period. Here, from climate simulations of early and mid-glacial periods with a comprehensive climate model, we show that the larger ice sheet in the mid-glacial compared to early glacial periods could contribute to the frequent climate shifts during the mid-glacial period.
Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, and Akira Oka
Clim. Past, 17, 95–110, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-95-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-95-2021, 2021
Short summary
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We perform simulations of Marine Isotope Stage 3 and 5a with an atmosphere–ocean general circulation model to explore the effect of the southward expansion of mid-glacial ice sheets on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and climate. We find that the southward expansion of the mid-glacial ice sheet causes a surface cooling over the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean, but it exerts a small impact on the AMOC due to the competing effects of surface wind and surface cooling.
Martin Renoult, James Douglas Annan, Julia Catherine Hargreaves, Navjit Sagoo, Clare Flynn, Marie-Luise Kapsch, Qiang Li, Gerrit Lohmann, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Rumi Ohgaito, Xiaoxu Shi, Qiong Zhang, and Thorsten Mauritsen
Clim. Past, 16, 1715–1735, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1715-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1715-2020, 2020
Short summary
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Interest in past climates as sources of information for the climate system has grown in recent years. In particular, studies of the warm mid-Pliocene and cold Last Glacial Maximum showed relationships between the tropical surface temperature of the Earth and its sensitivity to an abrupt doubling of atmospheric CO2. In this study, we develop a new and promising statistical method and obtain similar results as previously observed, wherein the sensitivity does not seem to exceed extreme values.
Chuncheng Guo, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Mats Bentsen, Ingo Bethke, and Zhongshi Zhang
Clim. Past, 15, 1133–1151, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1133-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1133-2019, 2019
Short summary
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We present an equilibrium simulation of the climate of Marine Isotope Stage 3, with an IPCC-class model with a relatively high model resolution and a long integration. The simulated climate resembles a warm interstadial state, as indicated by reconstructions of Greenland temperature, sea ice extent, and AMOC. Sensitivity experiments to changes in atmospheric CO2 levels and ice sheet size show that the model is in a relatively stable climate state without multiple equilibria.
Florian Andreas Ziemen, Marie-Luise Kapsch, Marlene Klockmann, and Uwe Mikolajewicz
Clim. Past, 15, 153–168, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-153-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-153-2019, 2019
Short summary
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Heinrich events are among the dominant modes of glacial climate variability. They are caused by massive ice discharges from the Laurentide Ice Sheet into the North Atlantic. In previous studies, the climate changes were either seen as resulting from freshwater released from the melt of the discharged icebergs or by ice sheet elevation changes. With a coupled ice sheet–climate model, we show that both effects are relevant with the freshwater effects preceding the ice sheet elevation effects.
Nicolas Brown and Eric D. Galbraith
Clim. Past, 12, 1663–1679, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1663-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1663-2016, 2016
Short summary
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An Earth system model is used to explore variability in the global impacts of AMOC disruptions. The model exhibits spontaneous AMOC oscillations under particular boundary conditions, which we compare with freshwater-forced disruptions. We find that the global impacts are similar whether the AMOC disruptions are spontaneous or forced. Freshwater forcing generally amplifies the global impacts, with tropical precipitation and the stability of polar haloclines showing particular sensitivity.
Qing Wang, Houyun Zhou, Ke Cheng, Hong Chi, Chuan-Chou Shen, Changshan Wang, and Qianqian Ma
Clim. Past, 12, 871–881, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-871-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-871-2016, 2016
Short summary
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The upper part of stalagmite ky1 (from top to 42.769 mm depth), consisting of 678 laminae, was collected from a cave in northern China, located in the East Asia monsoon area. The time of deposition ranges from AD 1217±20 to 1894±20. The analysis shows that both the variations in the thickness of the laminae themselves and the fluctuating degree of variation in the thickness of the laminae of stalagmite ky1 have obviously staged characteristics and synchronized with climate.
P. Bakker and H. Renssen
Clim. Past, 10, 1633–1644, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1633-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1633-2014, 2014
L. Menviel, A. Timmermann, T. Friedrich, and M. H. England
Clim. Past, 10, 63–77, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-63-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-63-2014, 2014
M. Kageyama, U. Merkel, B. Otto-Bliesner, M. Prange, A. Abe-Ouchi, G. Lohmann, R. Ohgaito, D. M. Roche, J. Singarayer, D. Swingedouw, and X Zhang
Clim. Past, 9, 935–953, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-935-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-935-2013, 2013
B. F. Farrell and D. S. Abbot
Clim. Past, 8, 2061–2067, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-2061-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-2061-2012, 2012
S. Schimanke, H. E. M. Meier, E. Kjellström, G. Strandberg, and R. Hordoir
Clim. Past, 8, 1419–1433, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1419-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1419-2012, 2012
R. Banderas, J. Álvarez-Solas, and M. Montoya
Clim. Past, 8, 1011–1021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1011-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1011-2012, 2012
J. Álvarez-Solas, M. Montoya, C. Ritz, G. Ramstein, S. Charbit, C. Dumas, K. Nisancioglu, T. Dokken, and A. Ganopolski
Clim. Past, 7, 1297–1306, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1297-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1297-2011, 2011
I. Cvijanovic, P. L. Langen, and E. Kaas
Clim. Past, 7, 1061–1073, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1061-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1061-2011, 2011
S. C. Lewis, A. N. LeGrande, M. Kelley, and G. A. Schmidt
Clim. Past, 6, 325–343, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-325-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-325-2010, 2010
M. Kageyama, J. Mignot, D. Swingedouw, C. Marzin, R. Alkama, and O. Marti
Clim. Past, 5, 551–570, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-551-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-551-2009, 2009
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