Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2547-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2547-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| Highlight paper
| 
23 Dec 2020
Review article | Highlight paper |
| 23 Dec 2020
| 23 Dec 2020
Plateaus and jumps in the atmospheric radiocarbon record – potential origin and value as global age markers for glacial-to-deglacial paleoceanography, a synthesis
Michael Sarnthein
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Geosciences, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
Kevin Küssner
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und
Meeresforschung, Department for Marine Geology, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
Pieter M. Grootes
Institute of Ecosystem Research, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
Blanca Ausin
Geology Department, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Caldos, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
Geological Institute, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstr. 5, 8092
Zurich, Switzerland
Timothy Eglinton
Geological Institute, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstr. 5, 8092
Zurich, Switzerland
Juan Muglia
Centro para el Estudio de los Sistemas Marinos, CONICET, 2915 Boulevard Brown, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
Raimund Muscheler
Quaternary Sciences, Department of Geology Lund University,
Sölvegatan 12, 22362 Lund, Sweden
Gordon Schlolaut
Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, GFZ German Centre for
Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Related authors
Michael Sarnthein and Pieter M. Grootes
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-173, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-173, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in the geometry of ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) are crucial in controlling past changes of climate and the carbon inventory of the atmosphere. However, the accurate timing and global correlation of short-term glacial-to-deglacial changes of MOC in various ocean basins still present a major challenge now met by the fine structure of jumps and plateaus in atmospheric and planktic radiocarbon (14C) concentration that reflect authentic changes in atmospheric 14C production.
K. Wallmann, B. Schneider, and M. Sarnthein
Clim. Past, 12, 339–375, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-339-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-339-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
An Earth system model was set up and applied to evaluate the effects of sea-level change, ocean dynamics, and nutrient utilization on seawater composition and atmospheric pCO2 over the last glacial cycle. The model results strongly suggest that global sea-level change contributed significantly to the slow glacial decline in atmospheric pCO2 and the gradual pCO2 increase over the Holocene whereas the rapid deglacial pCO2 rise was induced by fast changes in ocean dynamics and nutrient utilization.
M. Sarnthein, B. Schneider, and P. M. Grootes
Clim. Past, 9, 2595–2614, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2595-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2595-2013, 2013
Kirsi H. Keskitalo, Lisa Bröder, Tommaso Tesi, Paul J. Mann, Dirk J. Jong, Sergio Bulte Garcia, Anna Davydova, Sergei Davydov, Nikita Zimov, Negar Haghipour, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Jorien E. Vonk
Biogeosciences, 21, 357–379, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-357-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-357-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost thaw releases organic carbon into waterways. Decomposition of this carbon pool emits greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, enhancing climate warming. We show that Arctic river carbon and water chemistry are different between the spring ice breakup and summer and that primary production is initiated in small Arctic rivers right after ice breakup, in contrast to in large rivers. This may have implications for fluvial carbon dynamics and greenhouse gas uptake and emission balance.
Minjie Zheng, Hongyu Liu, Florian Adolphi, Raimund Muscheler, Zhengyao Lu, Mousong Wu, and Nønne L. Prisle
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 7037–7057, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7037-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7037-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The radionuclides 7Be and 10Be are useful tracers for atmospheric transport studies. Here we use the GEOS-Chem to simulate 7Be and 10Be with different production rates: the default production rate in GEOS-Chem and two from the state-of-the-art beryllium production model. We demonstrate that reduced uncertainties in the production rates can enhance the utility of 7Be and 10Be as tracers for evaluating transport and scavenging processes in global models.
Chiara I. Paleari, Florian Mekhaldi, Tobias Erhardt, Minjie Zheng, Marcus Christl, Florian Adolphi, Maria Hörhold, and Raimund Muscheler
Clim. Past, 19, 2409–2422, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2409-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2409-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we test the use of excess meltwater from continuous flow analysis from a firn core from Greenland for the measurement of 10Be for solar activity reconstructions. We show that the quality of results is similar to the measurements on clean firn, which opens the possibility to obtain continuous 10Be records without requiring large amounts of clean ice. Furthermore, we investigate the possibility of identifying solar storm signals in 10Be records from Greenland and Antarctica.
Tobias Erhardt, Camilla Marie Jensen, Florian Adolphi, Helle Astrid Kjær, Remi Dallmayr, Birthe Twarloh, Melanie Behrens, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Kaori Fukuda, Jun Ogata, François Burgay, Federico Scoto, Ilaria Crotti, Azzurra Spagnesi, Niccoló Maffezzoli, Delia Segato, Chiara Paleari, Florian Mekhaldi, Raimund Muscheler, Sophie Darfeuil, and Hubertus Fischer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5079–5091, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5079-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5079-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The presented paper provides a 3.8 kyr long dataset of aerosol concentrations from the East Greenland Ice coring Project (EGRIP) ice core. The data consists of 1 mm depth-resolution profiles of calcium, sodium, ammonium, nitrate, and electrolytic conductivity as well as decadal averages of these profiles. Alongside the data a detailed description of the measurement setup as well as a discussion of the uncertainties are given.
Sarah Paradis, Kai Nakajima, Tessa S. Van der Voort, Hannah Gies, Aline Wildberger, Thomas M. Blattmann, Lisa Bröder, and Timothy I. Eglinton
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4105–4125, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4105-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4105-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
MOSAIC is a database of global organic carbon in marine sediments. This new version holds more than 21 000 sediment cores and includes new variables to interpret organic carbon distribution, such as sedimentological parameters and biomarker signatures. MOSAIC also stores data from specific sediment and molecular fractions to better understand organic carbon degradation and ageing. This database is continuously expanding, and version control will allow reproducible research outputs.
Giulia Sinnl, Florian Adolphi, Marcus Christl, Kees C. Welten, Thomas Woodruff, Marc Caffee, Anders Svensson, Raimund Muscheler, and Sune Olander Rasmussen
Clim. Past, 19, 1153–1175, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1153-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1153-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The record of past climate is preserved by several archives from different regions, such as ice cores from Greenland or Antarctica or speleothems from caves such as the Hulu Cave in China. In this study, these archives are aligned by taking advantage of the globally synchronous production of cosmogenic radionuclides. This produces a new perspective on the global climate in the period between 20 000 and 25 000 years ago.
Robert Mulvaney, Eric W. Wolff, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Helene H. Hoffmann, Jack D. Humby, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Rachael H. Rhodes, Isobel F. Rowell, Frédéric Parrenin, Loïc Schmidely, Hubertus Fischer, Thomas F. Stocker, Marcus Christl, Raimund Muscheler, Amaelle Landais, and Frédéric Prié
Clim. Past, 19, 851–864, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-851-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-851-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present an age scale for a new ice core drilled at Skytrain Ice Rise, an ice rise facing the Ronne Ice Shelf in Antarctica. Various measurements in the ice and air phases are used to match the ice core to other Antarctic cores that have already been dated, and a new age scale is constructed. The 651 m ice core includes ice that is confidently dated to 117 000–126 000 years ago, in the last interglacial. Older ice is found deeper down, but there are flow disturbances in the deeper ice.
Thibauld M. Béjard, Andrés S. Rigual-Hernández, José A. Flores, Javier P. Tarruella, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Isabel Cacho, Neghar Haghipour, Aidan Hunter, and Francisco J. Sierro
Biogeosciences, 20, 1505–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean Sea is undergoing a rapid and unprecedented environmental change. Planktic foraminifera calcification is affected on different timescales. On seasonal and interannual scales, calcification trends differ according to the species and are linked mainly to sea surface temperatures and carbonate system parameters, while comparison with pre/post-industrial assemblages shows that all three species have reduced their calcification between 10 % to 35 % according to the species.
Dirk Jong, Lisa Bröder, Tommaso Tesi, Kirsi H. Keskitalo, Nikita Zimov, Anna Davydova, Philip Pika, Negar Haghipour, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Jorien E. Vonk
Biogeosciences, 20, 271–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With this study, we want to highlight the importance of studying both land and ocean together, and water and sediment together, as these systems function as a continuum, and determine how organic carbon derived from permafrost is broken down and its effect on global warming. Although on the one hand it appears that organic carbon is removed from sediments along the pathway of transport from river to ocean, it also appears to remain relatively ‘fresh’, despite this removal and its very old age.
Melissa Sophia Schwab, Hannah Gies, Chantal Valérie Freymond, Maarten Lupker, Negar Haghipour, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 19, 5591–5616, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5591-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5591-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The majority of river studies focus on headwater or floodplain systems, while often neglecting intermediate river segments. Our study on the subalpine Sihl River bridges the gap between streams and lowlands and demonstrates that moderately steep river segments are areas of significant instream alterations, modulating the export of organic carbon over short distances.
Frédérique M. S. A. Kirkels, Huub M. Zwart, Muhammed O. Usman, Suning Hou, Camilo Ponton, Liviu Giosan, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Francien Peterse
Biogeosciences, 19, 3979–4010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3979-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3979-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic carbon (SOC) that is transferred to the ocean by rivers forms a long-term sink of atmospheric CO2 upon burial on the ocean floor. We here test if certain bacterial membrane lipids can be used to trace SOC through the monsoon-fed Godavari River basin in India. We find that these lipids trace the mobilisation and transport of SOC in the wet season but that these lipids are not transferred far into the sea. This suggests that the burial of SOC on the sea floor is limited here.
Giulia Sinnl, Mai Winstrup, Tobias Erhardt, Eliza Cook, Camilla Marie Jensen, Anders Svensson, Bo Møllesøe Vinther, Raimund Muscheler, and Sune Olander Rasmussen
Clim. Past, 18, 1125–1150, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1125-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1125-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A new Greenland ice-core timescale, covering the last 3800 years, was produced using the machine learning algorithm StratiCounter. We synchronized the ice cores using volcanic eruptions and wildfires. We compared the new timescale to the tree-ring timescale, finding good alignment both between the common signatures of volcanic eruptions and of solar activity. Our Greenlandic timescales is safe to use for the Late Holocene, provided one uses our uncertainty estimate.
Gabriella M. Weiss, Julie Lattaud, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, and Timothy I. Eglinton
Clim. Past, 18, 233–248, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-233-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-233-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we study the elemental signatures of plant wax compounds as well as molecules from algae and bacteria to understand how water sources changed over the last 11 000 years in the northeastern part of Europe surrounding the Baltic Sea. Our results show diversity in plant and aquatic microorganisms following the melting of the large ice sheet that covered northern Europe as the regional climate continued to warm. A shift in water source from ice melt to rain also occurred around the same time.
Blanca Ausín, Negar Haghipour, Elena Bruni, and Timothy Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 19, 613–627, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-613-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-613-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The preservation and distribution of alkenones – organic molecules produced by marine algae – in marine sediments allows us to reconstruct past variations in sea surface temperature, primary productivity and CO2. Here, we explore the impact of remobilization and lateral transport of sedimentary alkenones on their fate in marine sediments. We demonstrate the pervasive influence of these processes on alkenone-derived environmental signals, compromising the reliability of related paleorecords.
Michael Sarnthein and Pieter M. Grootes
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-173, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-173, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in the geometry of ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) are crucial in controlling past changes of climate and the carbon inventory of the atmosphere. However, the accurate timing and global correlation of short-term glacial-to-deglacial changes of MOC in various ocean basins still present a major challenge now met by the fine structure of jumps and plateaus in atmospheric and planktic radiocarbon (14C) concentration that reflect authentic changes in atmospheric 14C production.
Caroline Welte, Jens Fohlmeister, Melina Wertnik, Lukas Wacker, Bodo Hattendorf, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Christoph Spötl
Clim. Past, 17, 2165–2177, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2165-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2165-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Stalagmites are valuable climate archives, but unlike other proxies the use of stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) is still difficult. A stalagmite from the Austrian Alps was analyzed using a new laser ablation method for fast radiocarbon (14C) analysis. This allowed 14C and δ13C to be combined, showing that besides soil and bedrock a third source is contributing during periods of warm, wet climate: old organic matter.
Nathalie Van der Putten, Florian Adolphi, Anette Mellström, Jesper Sjolte, Cyriel Verbruggen, Jan-Berend Stuut, Tobias Erhardt, Yves Frenot, and Raimund Muscheler
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-69, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-69, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
In recent decades, Southern Hemisphere westerlies (SHW) moved equator-ward during periods of low solar activity leading to increased winds/precipitation at 46° S, Indian Ocean. We present a terrestrial SHW proxy-record and find stronger SHW influence at Crozet, shortly after 2.8 ka BP, synchronous with a climate shift in the Northern Hemisphere, attributed to a major decline in solar activity. The bipolar response to solar forcing is supported by a climate model forced by solar irradiance only.
Jannik Martens, Evgeny Romankevich, Igor Semiletov, Birgit Wild, Bart van Dongen, Jorien Vonk, Tommaso Tesi, Natalia Shakhova, Oleg V. Dudarev, Denis Kosmach, Alexander Vetrov, Leopold Lobkovsky, Nikolay Belyaev, Robie W. Macdonald, Anna J. Pieńkowski, Timothy I. Eglinton, Negar Haghipour, Salve Dahle, Michael L. Carroll, Emmelie K. L. Åström, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier, Lee W. Cooper, Göran Possnert, and Örjan Gustafsson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2561–2572, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2561-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The paper describes the establishment, structure and current status of the first Circum-Arctic Sediment CArbon DatabasE (CASCADE), which is a scientific effort to harmonize and curate all published and unpublished data of carbon, nitrogen, carbon isotopes, and terrigenous biomarkers in sediments of the Arctic Ocean in one database. CASCADE will enable a variety of studies of the Arctic carbon cycle and thus contribute to a better understanding of how climate change affects the Arctic.
Tessa Sophia van der Voort, Thomas Michael Blattmann, Muhammed Usman, Daniel Montluçon, Thomas Loeffler, Maria Luisa Tavagna, Nicolas Gruber, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2135–2146, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2135-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2135-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean sediments form the largest and longest-term storage of organic carbon. Despite their global importance, information on these sediments is often scattered, incomplete or inaccessible. Here we present MOSAIC (Modern Ocean Sediment Archive and Inventory of Carbon, mosaic.ethz.ch), a (radio)carbon-centric database that addresses this information gap. This database provides a platform for assessing the transport, deposition and storage of carbon in ocean surface sediments.
Hannah Gies, Frank Hagedorn, Maarten Lupker, Daniel Montluçon, Negar Haghipour, Tessa Sophia van der Voort, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 18, 189–205, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-189-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-189-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding controls on the persistence of organic matter in soils is essential to constrain its role in the carbon cycle. Emerging concepts suggest that the soil carbon pool is predominantly comprised of stabilized microbial residues. To test this hypothesis we isolated microbial membrane lipids from two Swiss soil profiles and measured their radiocarbon age. We find that the ages of these compounds are in the range of millenia and thus provide evidence for stabilized microbial mass in soils.
Leonie Peti, Kathryn E. Fitzsimmons, Jenni L. Hopkins, Andreas Nilsson, Toshiyuki Fujioka, David Fink, Charles Mifsud, Marcus Christl, Raimund Muscheler, and Paul C. Augustinus
Geochronology, 2, 367–410, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-367-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-367-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Orakei Basin – a former maar lake in Auckland, New Zealand – provides an outstanding sediment record over the last ca. 130 000 years, but an age model is required to allow the reconstruction of climate change and volcanic eruptions contained in the sequence. To construct a relationship between depth in the sediment core and age of deposition, we combined tephrochronology, radiocarbon dating, luminescence dating, and the relative intensity of the paleomagnetic field in a Bayesian age–depth model.
Jesper Sjolte, Florian Adolphi, Bo M. Vinther, Raimund Muscheler, Christophe Sturm, Martin Werner, and Gerrit Lohmann
Clim. Past, 16, 1737–1758, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1737-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1737-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we investigate seasonal climate reconstructions produced by matching climate model output to ice core and tree-ring data, and we evaluate the model–data reconstructions against meteorological observations. The reconstructions capture the main patterns of variability in sea level pressure and temperature in summer and winter. The performance of the reconstructions depends on seasonal climate variability itself, and definitions of seasons can be optimized to capture this variability.
Anders Svensson, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, Thomas Blunier, Sune O. Rasmussen, Bo M. Vinther, Paul Vallelonga, Emilie Capron, Vasileios Gkinis, Eliza Cook, Helle Astrid Kjær, Raimund Muscheler, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Frank Wilhelms, Thomas F. Stocker, Hubertus Fischer, Florian Adolphi, Tobias Erhardt, Michael Sigl, Amaelle Landais, Frédéric Parrenin, Christo Buizert, Joseph R. McConnell, Mirko Severi, Robert Mulvaney, and Matthias Bigler
Clim. Past, 16, 1565–1580, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1565-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1565-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We identify signatures of large bipolar volcanic eruptions in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores during the last glacial period, which allows for a precise temporal alignment of the ice cores. Thereby the exact timing of unexplained, abrupt climatic changes occurring during the last glacial period can be determined in a global context. The study thus provides a step towards a full understanding of elements of the climate system that may also play an important role in the future.
Leticia G. Luz, Thiago P. Santos, Timothy I. Eglinton, Daniel Montluçon, Blanca Ausin, Negar Haghipour, Silvia M. Sousa, Renata H. Nagai, and Renato S. Carreira
Clim. Past, 16, 1245–1261, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1245-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Two sediment cores retrieved from the SE Brazilian continental margin were studied using multiple organic (alkenones) and inorganic (oxygen isotopes in carbonate shells and water) proxies to reconstruct the sea surface temperature (SST) over the last 50 000 years. The findings indicate the formation of strong thermal gradients in the region during the last climate transition, a feature that may become more frequent in the future scenario of global water circulation changes.
Florian Mekhaldi, Markus Czymzik, Florian Adolphi, Jesper Sjolte, Svante Björck, Ala Aldahan, Achim Brauer, Celia Martin-Puertas, Göran Possnert, and Raimund Muscheler
Clim. Past, 16, 1145–1157, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1145-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1145-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Due to chronology uncertainties within paleoclimate archives, it is unclear how climate oscillations from different records relate to one another. By using radionuclides to synchronize Greenland ice cores and a German lake record over 11 000 years, we show that two oscillations observed in these records were not synchronous but terminated and began with the onset of a grand solar minimum. Both this and changes in ocean circulation could have played a role in the two climate oscillations.
Johannes Hepp, Imke Kathrin Schäfer, Verena Lanny, Jörg Franke, Marcel Bliedtner, Kazimierz Rozanski, Bruno Glaser, Michael Zech, Timothy Ian Eglinton, and Roland Zech
Biogeosciences, 17, 741–756, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-741-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-741-2020, 2020
Svante Björck, Jesper Sjolte, Karl Ljung, Florian Adolphi, Roger Flower, Rienk H. Smittenberg, Malin E. Kylander, Thomas F. Stocker, Sofia Holmgren, Hui Jiang, Raimund Muscheler, Yamoah K. K. Afrifa, Jayne E. Rattray, and Nathalie Van der Putten
Clim. Past, 15, 1939–1958, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1939-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1939-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Southern Hemisphere westerlies play a key role in regulating global climate. A lake sediment record on a mid-South Atlantic island shows changes in the westerlies and hydroclimate 36.4–18.6 ka. Before 31 ka the westerlies shifted in concert with the bipolar seesaw mechanism in a fairly warm climate, followed by southerly westerlies and falling temperatures. After 27.5 ka temperatures dropped 3 °C with drier conditions and with shifting westerlies possibly triggering the variable LGM CO2 levels.
Tessa Sophia van der Voort, Utsav Mannu, Frank Hagedorn, Cameron McIntyre, Lorenz Walthert, Patrick Schleppi, Negar Haghipour, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 16, 3233–3246, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3233-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3233-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The carbon stored in soils is the largest reservoir of organic carbon on land. In the context of greenhouse gas emissions and a changing climate, it is very important to understand how stable the carbon in the soil is and why. The deeper parts of the soil have often been overlooked even though they store a lot of carbon. In this paper, we discovered that although deep soil carbon is expected to be old and stable, there can be a significant young component that cycles much faster.
Florian Adolphi, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Tobias Erhardt, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng, Chris S. M. Turney, Alan Cooper, Anders Svensson, Sune O. Rasmussen, Hubertus Fischer, and Raimund Muscheler
Clim. Past, 14, 1755–1781, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1755-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1755-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The last glacial period was characterized by a number of rapid climate changes seen, for example, as abrupt warmings in Greenland and changes in monsoon rainfall intensity. However, due to chronological uncertainties it is challenging to know how tightly coupled these changes were. Here we exploit cosmogenic signals caused by changes in the Sun and Earth magnetic fields to link different climate archives and improve our understanding of the dynamics of abrupt climate change.
Jesper Sjolte, Christophe Sturm, Florian Adolphi, Bo M. Vinther, Martin Werner, Gerrit Lohmann, and Raimund Muscheler
Clim. Past, 14, 1179–1194, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1179-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1179-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical volcanic eruptions and variations in solar activity have been suggested to influence the strength of westerly winds across the North Atlantic. We use Greenland ice core records together with a climate model simulation, and find stronger westerly winds for five winters following tropical volcanic eruptions. We see a delayed response to solar activity of 5 years, and the response to solar minima corresponds well to the cooling pattern during the period known as the Little Ice Age.
Minjie Zheng, Jesper Sjolte, Florian Adolphi, Bo Møllesøe Vinther, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Trevor James Popp, and Raimund Muscheler
Clim. Past, 14, 1067–1078, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1067-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1067-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We show the seasonal δ18O data from the NEEM site in northwestern Greenland over the last 150 years. We found that the NEEM summer δ18O signal correlates well with summer temperature in western coastal Greenland, while the NEEM winter δ18O signal correlates well with sea ice concentration in Baffin Bay. In contrast with the winter δ18O data from central/southern Greenland, we find no linkage of NEEM winter δ18O to winter NAO.
Julie Lattaud, Frédérique Kirkels, Francien Peterse, Chantal V. Freymond, Timothy I. Eglinton, Jens Hefter, Gesine Mollenhauer, Sergio Balzano, Laura Villanueva, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, Ellen C. Hopmans, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 15, 4147–4161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4147-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4147-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Long-chain diols (LCDs) are biomarkers that occur widespread in marine environments and also in lakes and rivers. In this study, we looked at the distribution of LCDs in three river systems (Godavari, Danube, and Rhine) in relation to season, precipitation, and temperature. We found out that the LCDs are likely being produced in calm areas of the river systems and that marine LCDs have a different distribution than riverine LCDs.
Muhammed Ojoshogu Usman, Frédérique Marie Sophie Anne Kirkels, Huub Michel Zwart, Sayak Basu, Camilo Ponton, Thomas Michael Blattmann, Michael Ploetze, Negar Haghipour, Cameron McIntyre, Francien Peterse, Maarten Lupker, Liviu Giosan, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 15, 3357–3375, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3357-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3357-2018, 2018
Markus Czymzik, Raimund Muscheler, Florian Adolphi, Florian Mekhaldi, Nadine Dräger, Florian Ott, Michał Słowinski, Mirosław Błaszkiewicz, Ala Aldahan, Göran Possnert, and Achim Brauer
Clim. Past, 14, 687–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-687-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-687-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Our results provide a proof of concept for facilitating 10Be in varved lake sediments as a novel synchronization tool required for investigating leads and lags of proxy responses to climate variability. They also point to some limitations of 10Be in these archives mainly connected to in-lake sediment resuspension processes.
Blanca Ausín, Diana Zúñiga, Jose A. Flores, Catarina Cavaleiro, María Froján, Nicolás Villacieros-Robineau, Fernando Alonso-Pérez, Belén Arbones, Celia Santos, Francisco de la Granda, Carmen G. Castro, Fátima Abrantes, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Emilia Salgueiro
Biogeosciences, 15, 245–262, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-245-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-245-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A systematic investigation of the coccolithophore ecology was performed for the first time in the NW Iberian Margin to broaden our knowledge on the use of fossil coccoliths in marine sediment records to infer environmental conditions in the past. Coccolithophores proved to be significant primary producers and their abundance and distribution was favoured by warmer and nutrient–depleted waters during the upwelling regime, seasonally controlled offshore and influenced by coastal processes onshore.
Liviu Giosan, Camilo Ponton, Muhammed Usman, Jerzy Blusztajn, Dorian Q. Fuller, Valier Galy, Negar Haghipour, Joel E. Johnson, Cameron McIntyre, Lukas Wacker, and Timothy I. Eglinton
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 781–789, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-781-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-781-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A reconstruction of erosion in the core monsoon zone of India provides unintuitive but fundamental insights: in contrast to semiarid regions that experience enhanced erosion during erratic rain events, the monsoon is annual and acts as a veritable
erosional pumpaccelerating when the land cover is minimal. The existence of such a monsoon erosional pump promises to reconcile conflicting views on the land–sea sediment and carbon transfer as well as the monsoon evolution on longer timescales.
Johann H. Jungclaus, Edouard Bard, Mélanie Baroni, Pascale Braconnot, Jian Cao, Louise P. Chini, Tania Egorova, Michael Evans, J. Fidel González-Rouco, Hugues Goosse, George C. Hurtt, Fortunat Joos, Jed O. Kaplan, Myriam Khodri, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Natalie Krivova, Allegra N. LeGrande, Stephan J. Lorenz, Jürg Luterbacher, Wenmin Man, Amanda C. Maycock, Malte Meinshausen, Anders Moberg, Raimund Muscheler, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Bette I. Otto-Bliesner, Steven J. Phipps, Julia Pongratz, Eugene Rozanov, Gavin A. Schmidt, Hauke Schmidt, Werner Schmutz, Andrew Schurer, Alexander I. Shapiro, Michael Sigl, Jason E. Smerdon, Sami K. Solanki, Claudia Timmreck, Matthew Toohey, Ilya G. Usoskin, Sebastian Wagner, Chi-Ju Wu, Kok Leng Yeo, Davide Zanchettin, Qiong Zhang, and Eduardo Zorita
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 4005–4033, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Climate model simulations covering the last millennium provide context for the evolution of the modern climate and for the expected changes during the coming centuries. They can help identify plausible mechanisms underlying palaeoclimatic reconstructions. Here, we describe the forcing boundary conditions and the experimental protocol for simulations covering the pre-industrial millennium. We describe the PMIP4 past1000 simulations as contributions to CMIP6 and additional sensitivity experiments.
Imke K. Schäfer, Verena Lanny, Jörg Franke, Timothy I. Eglinton, Michael Zech, Barbora Vysloužilová, and Roland Zech
SOIL, 2, 551–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-551-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-551-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
For this study we systematically investigated the molecular pattern of leaf waxes in litter and topsoils along a European transect to assess their potential for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Our results show that leaf wax patterns depend on the type of vegetation. The vegetation signal is not only found in the litter; it can also be preserved to some degree in the topsoil.
Robert B. Sparkes, Ayça Doğrul Selver, Örjan Gustafsson, Igor P. Semiletov, Negar Haghipour, Lukas Wacker, Timothy I. Eglinton, Helen M. Talbot, and Bart E. van Dongen
The Cryosphere, 10, 2485–2500, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2485-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2485-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The permafrost in eastern Siberia contains large amounts of carbon frozen in soils and sediments. Continuing global warming is thawing the permafrost and releasing carbon to the Arctic Ocean. We used pyrolysis-GCMS, a chemical fingerprinting technique, to study the types of carbon being deposited on the continental shelf. We found large amounts of permafrost-sourced carbon being deposited up to 200 km offshore.
Tessa Sophia van der Voort, Frank Hagedorn, Cameron McIntyre, Claudia Zell, Lorenz Walthert, Patrick Schleppi, Xiaojuan Feng, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 13, 3427–3439, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3427-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3427-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores heterogeneity in 14C content of soil organic matter (SOM) at different spatial scales and across climatic and geologic gradients, which is essential for a better understanding of SOM stability. Results reveal that despite dissimilar environmental conditions, 14C contents in topsoils is relatively uniform and 14C trends with depth are similar. Plot-scale variability is significant. Statistical analysis found a significant correlation of 14C contents (0–5 cm) and temperature.
Markus Czymzik, Raimund Muscheler, and Achim Brauer
Clim. Past, 12, 799–805, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-799-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-799-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Integrating discharge data of the River Ammer back to 1926 and a 5500-year flood layer record from an annually laminated sediment core of the downstream Ammersee allowed investigating changes in the frequency of major floods in Central Europe on interannual to multi-centennial timescales. Significant correlations between flood frequency variations in both archives and changes in the activity of the Sun suggest a solar influence on the frequency of these hydrometeorological extremes.
Michael Sigl, Tyler J. Fudge, Mai Winstrup, Jihong Cole-Dai, David Ferris, Joseph R. McConnell, Ken C. Taylor, Kees C. Welten, Thomas E. Woodruff, Florian Adolphi, Marion Bisiaux, Edward J. Brook, Christo Buizert, Marc W. Caffee, Nelia W. Dunbar, Ross Edwards, Lei Geng, Nels Iverson, Bess Koffman, Lawrence Layman, Olivia J. Maselli, Kenneth McGwire, Raimund Muscheler, Kunihiko Nishiizumi, Daniel R. Pasteris, Rachael H. Rhodes, and Todd A. Sowers
Clim. Past, 12, 769–786, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-769-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-769-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present a chronology (WD2014) for the upper part (0–2850 m; 31.2 ka BP) of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core, which is based on layer counting of distinctive annual cycles preserved in the elemental, chemical and electrical conductivity records. We validated the chronology by comparing it to independent high-accuracy, absolutely dated chronologies. Given its demonstrated high accuracy, WD2014 can become a reference chronology for the Southern Hemisphere.
K. Wallmann, B. Schneider, and M. Sarnthein
Clim. Past, 12, 339–375, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-339-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-339-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
An Earth system model was set up and applied to evaluate the effects of sea-level change, ocean dynamics, and nutrient utilization on seawater composition and atmospheric pCO2 over the last glacial cycle. The model results strongly suggest that global sea-level change contributed significantly to the slow glacial decline in atmospheric pCO2 and the gradual pCO2 increase over the Holocene whereas the rapid deglacial pCO2 rise was induced by fast changes in ocean dynamics and nutrient utilization.
F. Adolphi and R. Muscheler
Clim. Past, 12, 15–30, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-15-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-15-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Here we employ common variations in tree-ring 14C and Greenland ice core 10Be records to synchronize the Greenland ice core (GICC05) and the radiocarbon (IntCal13) timescale over the Holocene. We propose a transfer function between both timescales that allows continuous comparisons between radiocarbon dated and ice core climate records at unprecedented chronological precision.
M. Sarnthein, B. Schneider, and P. M. Grootes
Clim. Past, 9, 2595–2614, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2595-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2595-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Ocean Dynamics | Archive: Marine Archives | Timescale: Millenial/D-O
Leeuwin Current dynamics over the last 60 kyr – relation to Australian ecosystem and Southern Ocean change
Millennial-scale variations in sedimentary oxygenation in the western subtropical North Pacific and its links to North Atlantic climate
Relative timing of precipitation and ocean circulation changes in the western equatorial Atlantic over the last 45 kyr
Regional seesaw between the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas during the last glacial abrupt climate events
Changes in the geometry and strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the last glacial (20–50 ka)
Stratification of surface waters during the last glacial millennial climatic events: a key factor in subsurface and deep-water mass dynamics
Parallelisms between sea surface temperature changes in the western tropical Atlantic (Guiana Basin) and high latitude climate signals over the last 140 000 years
Thermal evolution of the western South Atlantic and the adjacent continent during Termination 1
Bottom water variability in the subtropical northwestern Pacific from 26 kyr BP to present based on Mg / Ca and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of benthic foraminifera
Early deglacial Atlantic overturning decline and its role in atmospheric CO2 rise inferred from carbon isotopes (δ13C)
Millennial meridional dynamics of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool during the last termination
Pulses of enhanced North Pacific Intermediate Water ventilation from the Okhotsk Sea and Bering Sea during the last deglaciation
Persistent millennial-scale link between Greenland climate and northern Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zone under interglacial conditions
Deglacial intermediate water reorganization: new evidence from the Indian Ocean
Water mass evolution of the Greenland Sea since late glacial times
Millennial-scale variability of marine productivity and terrigenous matter supply in the western Bering Sea over the past 180 kyr
An ocean–ice coupled response during the last glacial: a view from a marine isotopic stage 3 record south of the Faeroe Shetland Gateway
Timing and magnitude of equatorial Atlantic surface warming during the last glacial bipolar oscillation
Dirk Nürnberg, Akintunde Kayode, Karl J. F. Meier, and Cyrus Karas
Clim. Past, 18, 2483–2507, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2483-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2483-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Leeuwin Current to the west of Australia steers the heat exchange between the tropical and the subantarctic ocean areas. Its prominent variability during the last glacial effectively shaped the Australian ecosystem and was closely related to the dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. At ~ 43 ka BP, the rapidly weakening Leeuwin Current, the ecological response in Australia, and human interference likely caused the extinction of the exotic Australian megafauna.
Jianjun Zou, Xuefa Shi, Aimei Zhu, Selvaraj Kandasamy, Xun Gong, Lester Lembke-Jene, Min-Te Chen, Yonghua Wu, Shulan Ge, Yanguang Liu, Xinru Xue, Gerrit Lohmann, and Ralf Tiedemann
Clim. Past, 16, 387–407, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-387-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-387-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Large-scale reorganization of global ocean circulation has been documented in a variety of marine archives, including the enhanced North Pacific Intermediate Water NPIW. Our data support both the model- and data-based ideas that the enhanced NPIW mainly developed during cold spells, while an expansion of oxygen-poor zones occurred at warming intervals (Bölling-Alleröd).
Claire Waelbroeck, Sylvain Pichat, Evelyn Böhm, Bryan C. Lougheed, Davide Faranda, Mathieu Vrac, Lise Missiaen, Natalia Vazquez Riveiros, Pierre Burckel, Jörg Lippold, Helge W. Arz, Trond Dokken, François Thil, and Arnaud Dapoigny
Clim. Past, 14, 1315–1330, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1315-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1315-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Recording the precise timing and sequence of events is essential for understanding rapid climate changes and improving climate model predictive skills. Here, we precisely assess the relative timing between ocean and atmospheric changes, both recorded in the same deep-sea core over the last 45 kyr. We show that decreased mid-depth water mass transport in the western equatorial Atlantic preceded increased rainfall over the adjacent continent by 120 to 980 yr, depending on the type of climate event.
Mélanie Wary, Frédérique Eynaud, Didier Swingedouw, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jens Matthiessen, Catherine Kissel, Jena Zumaque, Linda Rossignol, and Jean Jouzel
Clim. Past, 13, 729–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-729-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-729-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The last glacial period was punctuated by abrupt climatic variations, whose cold atmospheric phases have been commonly associated with cold sea-surface temperatures and expansion of sea ice in the North Atlantic and adjacent seas. Here we provide direct evidence of a regional paradoxical see-saw pattern: cold Greenland and North Atlantic phases coincide with warmer sea-surface conditions and shorter seasonal sea-ice cover durations in the Norwegian Sea as compared to warm phases.
Pierre Burckel, Claire Waelbroeck, Yiming Luo, Didier M. Roche, Sylvain Pichat, Samuel L. Jaccard, Jeanne Gherardi, Aline Govin, Jörg Lippold, and François Thil
Clim. Past, 12, 2061–2075, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2061-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2061-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we compare new and published Atlantic sedimentary Pa/Th data with Pa/Th simulated using stream functions generated under various climatic conditions. We show that during Greenland interstadials of the 20–50 ka period, the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation was very different from that of the Holocene. Moreover, southern-sourced waters dominated the Atlantic during Heinrich stadial 2, a slow northern-sourced water mass flowing above 2500 m in the North Atlantic.
M. Wary, F. Eynaud, M. Sabine, S. Zaragosi, L. Rossignol, B. Malaizé, E. Palis, J. Zumaque, C. Caulle, A. Penaud, E. Michel, and K. Charlier
Clim. Past, 11, 1507–1525, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1507-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1507-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports the hydrological variations recorded at different depths of the water column SW of the Faeroe Is. during the last glacial abrupt climatic events (Heinrich events and Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles). Our combined multiproxy and high-resolution approach allows us to evidence that 1) Greenland and Heinrich stadials were characterized by strong stratification of surface waters, 2) this surface stratification seems to have played a key role in the dynamics of the underlying water masses
O. Rama-Corredor, B. Martrat, J. O. Grimalt, G. E. López-Otalvaro, J. A. Flores, and F. Sierro
Clim. Past, 11, 1297–1311, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1297-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1297-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The alkenone sea surface temperatures in the Guiana Basin show a rapid transmission of the climate variability from arctic to tropical latitudes during the last two interglacials (MIS1 and MIS5e) and warm long interstadials (MIS5d-a). In contrast, the abrupt variability of the glacial interval does follow the North Atlantic climate but is also shaped by precessional changes. This arctic to tropical decoupling occurs when the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation is substantially reduced.
C. M. Chiessi, S. Mulitza, G. Mollenhauer, J. B. Silva, J. Groeneveld, and M. Prange
Clim. Past, 11, 915–929, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-915-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-915-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Here we show that temperatures in the western South Atlantic increased markedly during the major slowdown event of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) of the last deglaciation. Over the adjacent continent, however, temperatures followed the rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide, lagging changes in oceanic temperature. Our records corroborate the notion that the long duration of the major slowdown event of the AMOC was fundamental in driving the Earth out of the last glacial.
Y. Kubota, K. Kimoto, T. Itaki, Y. Yokoyama, Y. Miyairi, and H. Matsuzaki
Clim. Past, 11, 803–824, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-803-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-803-2015, 2015
A. Schmittner and D. C. Lund
Clim. Past, 11, 135–152, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-135-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-135-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Model simulations of carbon isotope changes as a result of a reduction in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) agree well with sediment data from the early last deglaciation, supporting the idea that the AMOC was substantially reduced during that time period of global warming. We hypothesize, and present supporting evidence, that changes in the AMOC may have caused the coeval rise in atmospheric CO2, owing to a reduction in the efficiency of the ocean's biological pump.
L. Lo, C.-C. Shen, K.-Y. Wei, G. S. Burr, H.-S. Mii, M.-T. Chen, S.-Y. Lee, and M.-C. Tsai
Clim. Past, 10, 2253–2261, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2253-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2253-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
1. We have reconstructed new meridional thermal and precipitation stacked records in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) during the last termination.
2. Meridional thermal gradient variations in the IPWP show tight links to the Northern Hemisphere millennial timescales event.
3. Anomalous warming in the south IPWP region could induce the southward shifting of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the IPWP during the Heinrich 1 and Younger Dryas events.
L. Max, L. Lembke-Jene, J.-R. Riethdorf, R. Tiedemann, D. Nürnberg, H. Kühn, and A. Mackensen
Clim. Past, 10, 591–605, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-591-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-591-2014, 2014
O. Cartapanis, K. Tachikawa, O. E. Romero, and E. Bard
Clim. Past, 10, 405–418, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-405-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-405-2014, 2014
S. Romahn, A. Mackensen, J. Groeneveld, and J. Pätzold
Clim. Past, 10, 293–303, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-293-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-293-2014, 2014
M. M. Telesiński, R. F. Spielhagen, and H. A. Bauch
Clim. Past, 10, 123–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-123-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-123-2014, 2014
J.-R. Riethdorf, D. Nürnberg, L. Max, R. Tiedemann, S. A. Gorbarenko, and M. I. Malakhov
Clim. Past, 9, 1345–1373, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1345-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1345-2013, 2013
J. Zumaque, F. Eynaud, S. Zaragosi, F. Marret, K. M. Matsuzaki, C. Kissel, D. M. Roche, B. Malaizé, E. Michel, I. Billy, T. Richter, and E. Palis
Clim. Past, 8, 1997–2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1997-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1997-2012, 2012
S. Weldeab
Clim. Past, 8, 1705–1716, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1705-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1705-2012, 2012
Cited articles
Abé-Ouchi, A.: Deglaciation and DO-like experiments with MIROC AOGCM,
Workshop on “Ocean circulation and carbon cycling
during the last deglaciation: Global synthesis”, Cambridge, UK, 6–9 September 2018, IPODS/OC3, 2018.
Adkins, J. F. and Boyle, E. A.: Changing atmospheric Δ14C and
the record of paleoventilation ages, Paleoceanography, 12, 337–344,
1997.
Adolphi, F., Bronk Ramsey, C., Erhardt, T., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Turney, C. S. M., Cooper, A., Svensson, A., Rasmussen, S. O., Fischer, H., and Muscheler, R.: Connecting the Greenland ice-core and U∕Th timescales via cosmogenic radionuclides: testing the synchroneity of Dansgaard–Oeschger events, Clim. Past, 14, 1755–1781, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1755-2018, 2018.
Alves, E. Q., Macario, K., Ascough, P., and Bronk Ramsey, C.: The worldwide
marine radiocarbon reservoir effect: definitions, mechanisms, and prospects,
Rev. Geophys., 56, RG000588, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017RG000588, 2018.
Alveson, E. Q.: Radiocarbon in the Ocean, EOS, 99, EO095429, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EO095429, 2018.
Ausin, B., Sarnthein, M., and Haghipour, N.: Glacial-to-deglacial reservoir
and ventilation ages at the southwest Iberian continental margin, Quaternary
Sci. Rev., in review, 2020a.
Ausín, B., Sarnthein, M., Haghipour, N., and Eglinton, T. I.: Surface ocean reservoir ages in the SW Iberian margin from 11 to 23 kyr, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.921812, 2020b.
Balmer, S. and Sarnthein, M.: Planktic 14C plateaus, a result of
short-term sedimentation pulses?, Radiocarbon, 59, 33–43,
https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2016.100, 2016.
Balmer, S. and Sarnthein, M.: Glacial-to-deglacial changes in North Atlantic
melt-water advection and deep-water formation –
Centennial-to-millennial-scale 14C records from the Azores Plateau,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 236, 399–415, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.03.001, 2018.
Balmer, S., Sarnthein, M., Mudelsee, M., and Grootes, P. M.: Refined
modeling and 14C plateau tuning reveal consistent patterns of glacial and deglacial 14C reservoir ages of surface waters in low-latitude Atlantic, Paleoceanography, 31, PA002953, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016PA002953, 2016.
Berger, W. H. and Keir, R. S.: Glacial-Holocene changes in atmospheric CO2
and the deep-sea record, in: Climate Processes and Climate Sensitivity, edited by: Hansen, J. E. and Takahashi, T., American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, USA, 337–351,
1984.
Bostock, H. C., Barrows, T. T., Carter, L., Chase, Z., Cortese, G., Dunbar, G. B., Ellwood, M., Hayward, B., Howard, W., Neil, H. I., Noble, T. L., Mackintosh, A., Moss, P. T., Moy, A. D., White, D., Williams, M. J. M., and Armand, L. K.: A review of the Australian-New Zealand sector of the Southern Ocean over the last 30ka (Aus-INTIMATE project), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 74, 35–57, 2013.
Broecker, W. S, Peteet, D. M., and Rind, D.: Does the ocean-atmosphere system
have more than one stable mode of operation?, Nature, 315, 21–26,
https://doi.org/10.1038/315021a0, 1985
Broecker, W. S., Barker, S., Clark, E., Hajdas, I., Bonani, G., and Stott, L.:
Ventilation of the Glacial deep Pacific Ocean, Science, 306, 1169–1172,
2004.
Bronk Ramsey, C., Staff, R. A., Bryant, C. L., Brock, F., Kitagawa, H., van
der Plicht, J., Schlolaut, G., Marshall, M. H., Brauer, A., Lamb, H. F.,
Payne, R. L., Tarasov, P. E., Haraguchi, T., Gotanda, K., Yonenobu, H.,
Yokoyama, Y., Tada, R., and Nakagawa, T.: A complete terrestrial radiocarbon
record for 11.2 to 52.8 kyr B.P., Science, 338, 370–374, 2012.
Bronk Ramsey, C., Heaton, T. J., Schlolaut, G., Staff, R. A., Bryant, C. L.,
Lamb, H. F., Marshall, M. H., and Nakagawa, T.: Reanalysis of the atmospheric
radiocarbon calibration record from Lake Suigetsu, Japan, Radiocarbon,
62, 989–999, https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.18, 2020.
Burke, A. and Robinson, L. F.: The Southern Ocean's role in carbon exchange
during the last deglaciation, Science, 335, 557–561, 2012.
Burls, N. J., Fedorov, A. V., Sigman, D. M., Jaccard, S. L., Tiedemann, R., and
Haug, G. H.: Active Pacific meridional overturning circulation (PMOC) during
the warm Pliocene, Sci. Adv., 3, e1700156, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700156, 2017.
Butzin, M., Prange, M., and Lohmann, G.: Readjustment of glacial radiocarbon
chronologies by self-consistent three-dimensional ocean circulation
modeling, Earth Planet Sci. Lett., 317, 177–184, 2012.
Butzin, M., Köhler, P., and Lohmann, G.: Marine radiocarbon reservoir
age simulations for the past 50,000 years, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44,
8473–8480, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074688, 2017.
Butzin, M., Heaton, T. J., Köhler, P., and Lohmann, G.: A short note on
marine reservoir age simulations used in INTCAL20, Radiocarbon, 62, 865–871,
https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.9, 2020.
Chen, T., Robinson, L. F., Burke, A., Southon, J., Spooner, P., Morris, P. J.,
and Ng, H. C.: Synchronous centennial abrupt events in the ocean and
atmosphere during the last deglaciation, Science, 349, 1537–1541, 2015.
Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Southon, J., Matsumoto, K., Feinberg, J. M., Sinha,
A., Zhou, W., Li, H., Li, X., Xu, Y., Chen, S., Tan, M., Wang, Q., Wang, Y.,
and Ning, Y.: Atmospheric 14C/12C changes during the last glacial period
from Hulu Cave, Science, 362, 1293–1297, 2018.
Chikamoto, M. O., Abe-Ouchi, A., Oka, A., Ohgaito, R., and Timmermann, A.: Quantifying the ocean's role in glacial CO2 reductions, Clim. Past, 8, 545–563, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-545-2012, 2012.
Cook, M. S. and Keigwin, L. D.: Radiocarbon profiles of the NW Pacific from the LGM and deglaciation: Evaluating ventilation metrics and the effect of
uncertain surface reservoir ages, Paleoceanography, 30, 174–195, 2015.
Davies, S. M., Abbott, P. M., Meara, R. H., Pearce, N. J. G., Austin, W. W. N., Chapman, M. R., Svensson, A., Bigler, M., Rasmussen, T. I., Rasmussen, S. O., and Farmer, E. J.: A North Atlantic tephrostratigraphical framework for 130–60 ka b2k: New tephra discoveries,
marine based correlations, and future challenges, Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
106, 101–121, 2014.
Du, J., Haley, B. A., Mix, A. C., Walczak, M. H., and Praetorius, S. K.:
Flushing of the deep Pacific Ocean and the deglacial rise of atmospheric
CO2 concentrations, Nat. Geosci., 11, 749–755, 2018.
Ferrari, R., Jansen, M. F., Adkins, J. F., Burke, A., Stewart, A. L., and
Thompson, A. F.: Antarctic sea ice control on ocean circulation in present
and glacial climates, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 8753–8758,
2014.
Franke, J., Schulz, M., Paul, A., and Adkins, J. F.: Assessing the ability of the 14C projection-age method to constrain the circulation of the past in a 3-D ocean model, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 9, Q08003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC001943, 2008.
Gebbie, G.: How much did Glacial North Atlantic Water shoal?,
Paleoceanography, 29, 190–209, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013PA002557, 2014.
Gebhardt, H., Sarnthein, M., Kiefer, T., Erlenkeuser, H., Schmieder, F., and
Röhl, U.: Paleonutrient and productivity records from the subarctic
North Pacific for Pleistocene glacial terminations I to V, Paleoceanography
23, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001513, 2008.
Gong, S., Lembke-Jene, L., Lohmann, G., Knorr, G., Tiedemann, R., Zou, J. J.,
and Shi, X. F.: Enhanced North Pacific deep-ocean stratification by stronger
intermediate water formation during Heinrich Stadial 1, Nat.
Commun., 10, 656, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08606-2, 2019.
Grootes, P. M. and Sarnthein, M.: Marine 14C reservoir ages oscillate,
PAGES News, 143, 18–19, 2006.
Grootes P. M. and Stuiver, M.: Oxygen 18/16 variability in Greenland snow and
ice with 1000 to 100000 year time resolution, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans,
102, 26455–26470, 1997.
Hain, M. P., Sigman, D. M., and Haug, G. H.: Distinct roles of the Southern
Ocean and North Atlantic in the deglacial atmospheric radiocarbon decline,
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 394, 198–208, 2014.
Howe, J. N. W., Piotrowski, A. M., Noble, T. L., Mulitza, S., Chiessi, C. M., and
Bayon, G.: North Atlantic deep-water production during the last glacial
maximum, Nat. Commun., 7, 11765, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11765, 2016.
Howe, J. N. W., Huang, K.-F., Oppo, D. W., Chiessi, C. M., Mulitza, S.,
Blusztajn, J., and Piotrowski, A .M.: Similar mid-depth Atlantic water mass
provenance during the Last Glacial Maximum and Heinrich Stadial 1, Earth
Planet. Sci. Lett., 490, 51–61, 2018.
Jonkers, L. and Kučera, M.: Quantifying the effect of seasonal and vertical habitat tracking on planktonic foraminifera proxies, Clim. Past, 13, 573–586, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-573-2017, 2017.
Kawamura, K., Parrenin, F., Lisiecki, L., Uemura, R., Vimeux, F., Severinghaus, J. P., Hutterli, M. A., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Jouzel, J., Raymo, M. E., Matsomoto, K., Nakata, H., Fujita, S., Goto-Azuma, K, Fujii, Y., and Watanabe, O.: Northern Hemisphere forcing of climatic cycles in Antarctica over the past 360,000 years, Nature, 448, 912–916, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06015, 2007.
Keigwin, L. D. and Swift, S. A.: Carbon isotope evidence for a northern source
of deep water in the glacial western North Atlantic, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
114,
2831–2835, 2017.
Key, R. M., Kozyr, A., Sabine, C. L., Lee, K., Wanninkhof, R., Bullister,
J. L., Feely, R. A., Millero, F. J., Mordy, C., and Peng, T.-H.: A global
ocean carbon climatology: Results from Global Data Analysis Project
(GLODAP), Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB4031, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002247,
2004.
Kong, X., Wang, Y., Wu, J., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., and Wang, X.:
Complicated responses of stalagmite δ13C to climate change
during the last glaciation from Hulu Cave, Sci. China Ser. D,
48, 2174–2181, 2005.
Küssner, K., Sarnthein, M., Lamy, F., and Tiedemann, R.: High-resolution
radiocarbon-based age records trace episodes of Zoophycos burrowing, Mar. Geol., 403, 48–56,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2018.04.01, 2018.
Küssner, K., Sarnthein, M., Michel, E., Mollenhauer, G., Siani G., and
Tiedemann, R.: Glacial-to-deglacial reservoir ages of surface waters in the
southern South Pacific, Paleoceanography and Paleoclimate, 47, in review, 2020a.
Küssner, K., Sarnthein, M., Michel, E., Mollenhauer, G., Ronge, T. A., Siani, G., and Tiedemann, R.: Glacial to deglacial reservoir
ages of surface waters in the southern South Pacific, PANGAEA,
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922671, 2020b.
Lascu, I., Feinberg, J. M., Dorale, J. A., Cheng, H., and Edwards, R. L.: Age
of the Laschamp excursion determined by U-Th dating of a speleothem
geomagnetic record from North America, Geology, 44, 139–142,
https://doi.org/10.1130/G37490.1 2016.
Lindsay, C. M., Lehman, S. J., Marchitto, T. M., and Ortiz, J. D.: The surface
expression of radiocarbon anomalies near Baja California during
deglaciation, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 422, 67–74, 2015.
Lippold, J., Gutjahr, M., Blaser, P., Christner, E., de Cavalho-Fereira,
M. L., Mulitza, S., Christl, M., Wormbach, F., Böhm, E., Antz, B., Cartapanis, O., Vogel, H., and Jaccard, S. L.: Deep-water provenance and dynamics of the
(de)glacial Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Earth Planet.
Sci. Lett., 445, 68–78, 2016.
Lisiecki, L. E. and Stern, J. V.: Regional and global benthic δ18O
stacks for the last glacial cycle, Paleoceanography, 31, PA003002, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016PA003002, 2016.
Marcott, S. A., Bauska, T. K., Buizert, C., Steig, E. J., Rosen, J. L., Cuffey,
K. M., Fudge, T. J., Severinghaus, J. P., Ahn, J., Kalk, M. L., McConnell, J. R.,
Sowers, T., Taylor, K. C., White, J. W. C., and Brook, E. J.: Centennial-scale
changes in the global carbon cycle during the last deglaciation, Nature,
514, 616–619, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13799, 2014.
Marshall, M., Schlolaut, G., Brauer, A., Nakagawa, T., Staff, R. A., Bronk
Ramsey, C., Lamb, H., Gotanda, K., Haraguchi, T., Yokoyama, Y., Yonenobu,
H., Tada, R., and SG06 project members: A novel approach to varve counting using
μXRF and X-radiography in combination with thin-section microscopy,
applied to the Late Glacial chronology from Lake Suigetsu, Japan, Quat.
Geochronol., 13, 70–80, 2012.
Matsumoto, K.: Radiocarbon-based circulation age of the world oceans, J.
Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 112, C09004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004095, 2007.
McCave, I. N., Carter, l., and Hall, I. R.: Glacial-interglacial changes in
water mass structure and flow in the SW Pacific Ocean, Quaternary Sci.
Rev., 27, 1886–1908, 2008.
Menviel, L., Spence, P., Yu, J., Chamberlain, M. A., Matear, R. J., Meissner,
K. J., and England, M. H.: Southern Hemisphere westerlies as a driver of the
early deglacial atmospheric CO2 rise, Nat. Commun., 9, 2503,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04876-4, 2018.
Millo, C., Sarnthein, M., and Erlenkeuser, M.: Variability of the Denmark
Strait Overflow during the Last Glacial Maximum, Boreas, 35, 50–60, 2006.
Muglia, J., Skinner, L., and Schmittner, A.: Weak overturning circulation
and high Southern Ocean nutrient utilization maximized glacial ocean carbon,
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 496, 47–56, 2018.
Muschitiello, F., D'Andrea, W. J., Schmittner, A., Heaton, T. J., Balascio,
N. L., de Roberts, N., Caffee, M. W., Woodruff, T. E., Welten, K. C., Skinner,
L. C., Simon, M. H., and Dokken T. M.: Deep-water circulation changes lead
North Atlantic climate during deglaciation, Nat. Commun., 10, 1272,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09237-3, 2019.
Naughton, F., Costas, S., Gomes, S. D., Desprat, S., Rodrigues, T., Sanchez
Goñi, M. F., Renssen, H., Trigo, R., Bronk-Ramsey, C., Oliveira, D.,
Salgueiro, E., Voelker, A. H. L., and Abrantes, F.: Coupled ocean and
atmospheric changes during Greenland stadial 1 in southwestern Europe,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 212, 108–120, 2019.
Nydal, R., Lovseth, K., and Skogseth, F. H.: Transfer of bomb 14C to the ocean surface, Radiocarbon, 22, 626–635, 1980.
Okazaki, Y., Sagawa, T., Asahi, H., Horikawa, K., and Onodera, J.: Ventilation changes in the western North Pacific since the last glacial period, Clim. Past, 8, 17–24, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-17-2012, 2012.
Paillard, D., Labeyrie, L., and Yiou, P.: Macintosh program performs
time-series analysis, Eos, 77, 379, https://doi.org/10.1029/96EO00259, 1996.
Rae, J., Sarnthein, M., Foster, G., Ridgwell, A., Grootes, P. M., and Elliott
T.: Deep water formation in the North Pacific and deglacial CO2 rise, Paleoceanography,
29, 645–667, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013PA002570, 2014.
Rae, J. W. B. and Broecker, W.: What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean?, Biogeosciences, 15, 3779–3794, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018, 2018.
Rafter, P. A., Herguera, J.-C., and Southon, J. R.: Extreme lowering of deglacial seawater radiocarbon recorded by both epifaunal and infaunal benthic foraminifera in a wood-dated sediment core, Clim. Past, 14, 1977–1989, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1977-2018, 2018.
Raisbeck, G. M., Cauquoin, A., Jouzel, J., Landais, A., Petit, J.-R., Lipenkov, V. Y., Beer, J., Synal, H.-A., Oerter, H., Johnsen, S. J., Steffensen, J. P., Svensson, A., and Yiou, F.: An improved north–south synchronization of ice core records around the 41 kyr 10Be peak, Clim. Past, 13, 217–229, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-217-2017, 2017.
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk
Ramsey, C., Buck, C. E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., and Friedrich, M.:
IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50,000 years
cal. BP, Radiocarbon, 55, 1869–1887, 2013.
Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., et al.: The IntCal20 northern hemisphere radiocarbon calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP), Radiocarbon, 62, 725–757, https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.41, 2020.
Robinson, L. F., Adkins, J. F., Keigwin, L. D., Southon, J., Fernandez, D.P., Wang, S-L., and Scheirer, D.S.: Radiocarbon
variability in the western North Atlantic during the last deglaciation,
Science, 310, 1469–1473, 2005.
Ronge, T. A., Tiedemann, R., Lamy, F., Köhler, P., Aloway, B. V., De Pol-Holz, R., Pahnke, K., Southon, J., and Wacker, L.: Radiocarbon constraints on the extent and evolution of the South Pacific glacial carbon pool, Nat. Commun., 7, 11487, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11487, 2016.
Ronge, T. A., Sarnthein, M., Roberts, J., Lamy, F., and Tiedemann, R.: East
Pacific Core PS75/059-2: Glacial-to-deglacial stratigraphy revisited,
Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 34, 432–435,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019PA003569, 2019.
Sarnthein, M., Winn, K., Jung, S. J., Duplessy, J. C., Labeyrie, L.,
Erlenkeuser, H., and Ganssen, G.: Changes in east Atlantic deepwater
circulation over the last 30,000 years: eight time slice reconstructions,
Paleoceanography, 9, 209–267, 1994.
Sarnthein, M., Pflaumann, U., and Weinelt, M.: Past extent of sea ice in the
northern North Atlantic inferred from foraminiferal paleotemperature
estimates, Paleoceanography, 18, PA000771, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000771, 2003.
Sarnthein, M., Grootes, P. M., Kennett, J. P., and Nadeau, M.: 14C
Reservoir ages show deglacial changes in ocean currents and carbon cycle,
in: Ocean Circulation: Mechanisms and Impacts – Past and Future Changes of Meridional Overturning, edited by: Schmittner, A., Chiang, J. C. H., and Hemming, S. R., American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, USA, 175–196, 2007.
Sarnthein, M., Grootes, P. M., Holbourn, A., Kuhnt, W., and Kühn, H.:
Tropical warming in the Timor Sea led deglacial Antarctic warming and almost
coeval
atmospheric CO2 rise by >500 yr, Earth Planet. Sci.
Lett., 302, 337–348, 2011.
Sarnthein, M., Schneider, B., and Grootes, P. M.: Peak glacial 14C ventilation ages suggest major draw-down of carbon into the abyssal ocean, Clim. Past, 9, 2595–2614, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2595-2013, 2013.
Sarnthein, M., Balmer, S., Grootes, P. M., and Mudelsee, M.: Planktic and
benthic 14C reservoir ages for three ocean basins, calibrated by a suite of
14C plateaus in the glacial-to-deglacial Suigetsu atmospheric 14C record,
Radiocarbon, 57, 129–151, 2015.
Sarnthein, M. and Werner, K.: Early Holocene planktic foraminifers record
species-specific 14C reservoir ages in Arctic Gateway, Mar.
Micropaleontol., 135, 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2017.07.002, 2018.
Schlolaut, G., Staff, R. A., Marshall, M. H., Brauer, A., Bronk Ramsey, C.,
Lamb, H. F., and Nakagawa, T.: Microfacies analysis of the Lake Suigetsu
(Japan) sediments from ∼50 to ∼10 ka BP and an
extended and revised varve based chronology, Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
200, 351–366, 2018.
Schmittner, A. and Lund, D. C.: Early deglacial Atlantic overturning decline and its role in atmospheric CO2 rise inferred from carbon isotopes (δ13C), Clim. Past, 11, 135–152, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-135-2015, 2015.
Schroeder, J., Holbourn, A., Küssner, K., and Kuhnt, W.: Hydrological
variability in the southern Makassar Strait during the last glacial
termination, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 154, 143–156, 2016.
Sessford, E. G., Jensen, M. F., Tisserand, A. A., Muschitiello, F., Dokken, T.,
Nisancioglu, K. H., and Jansen, E.: Consistent fluctuations on intermediate
water temperature off the coast off Greenland and Norway suring
Dansgaard-Oeschger events, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 223, 1–17,
2019.
Sherriff-Tadano, S., Abe-Ouchi, A., Yoshimori, M., Oka, A., and Chan, W.-L.:
Influence of glacial ice sheets on the Atlantic meridional overturning
circulation through surface wind change, Clim. Dynam., 50,
2881–2903, 2017.
Siani, G., Michel, E., De Pol-Holz, R., De Vries, T., Lamy, F., Carel, M.,
Isguder, G., Dewilde, F., and Lourantou, A.: Carbon isotope records reveal
precise timing of enhanced Southern Ocean upwelling during the last
deglaciation, Nat. Commun., 4, 2758, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3758, 2013.
Sikes, E. L. and Guilderson, T. P.: Southwest Pacific Ocean surface reservoir
ages since the last deglaciation: Circulation insights from multiple-core
studies, Paleoceanography, 31, 298–310, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015PA002855, 2016.
Simstich, J., Sarnthein, M., and Erlenkeuser, H.: Paired δ18O
signals of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (s) and Turborotalita quinqueloba show thermal stratification structure in Nordic Seas,
Mar. Micropaleontol., 912, 1–19, 2003.
Skinner, L. C., Fallon, S., Waelbroeck, C., Michel, E., and Barker, S.:
Ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean and deglacial CO2 rise, Science, 328,
1147–1151, 2010.
Skinner, L. C., Waelbroeck, C., Scrivner, A. E., and Fallon, S.J.: Radiocarbon evidence for alternating northern and southern sources of
ventilation of the deep Atlantic carbon pool during the last deglaciation,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 5480–5484, 2014.
Skinner, L., McCave, I. N., Carter, L., Fallon, S., Scrivner, A. E., and Primeau, F.: Reduced ventilation and enhanced magnitude of the deep
Pacific carbon pool during the last glacial period, Earth Planet. Sci.
Lett., 411, 45–52, 2015.
Skinner, L. C., Primeau, F., Freeman, E., de la Fuente, M., Goodwin, P. A.,
Gottschalk, J., Huang, E., McCave, I. N., Noble, T. L., and Scrivner, A. E.:
Radiocarbon constraints on the glacial ocean circulation and its impact on
atmospheric CO2, Nat. Commun., 8, 16010, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms16010, 2017.
Skinner, L. C., Muschitiello, F., and Scrivner, A. E.: Marine reservoir age
variability over the last deglaciation: Implications for marine carbon
cycling and prospects for regional radiocarbon calibrations,
Paleoceanography and Paleoclimate, 34, PA003667, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019PA003667, 2019.
Southon, J., Noronha, A. L., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., and Wang, Y.: A
high-resolution record of atmospheric 14C based on Hulu Cave speleothem
H82, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 33, 32–41, 2012.
Steffensen, J. P., Andersen, K. K., Bigler, M., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Fischer, H., Goto-Azuma, K., Hansson, M., Johnsen, S. J., Jouzel, J., Masson-Delmotte, V., Popp, T., Rasmussen, S. O., Röthlisberger, R., Ruth, U., Stauffer, B., Siggaard-Andersen, M. L., Sveinsbjörnsdottir, A. E., Svensson, A., and White, J. W. C.: High-Resolution
Greenland Ice Core Data Show Abrupt Climate Change Happens in Few Years,
Science, 321, 680–684, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157707, 2008.
Stern, J. V. and Lisiecki, L. E.: North Atlantic circulaton and reservoir age
changes over the past 41,000 years, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40,
3693–3697, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.5067, 2013.
Stocker, T. and Johnsen, S. J.: A minimum thermodynamic model for the bipolar
seesaw, Paleoceanography, 18, 1087, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003PA000920, 2003.
Stuiver, M. and Braziunas, T. V.: Modeling atmospheric 14C influences
and 14C ages of marine samples to 10,000 B.C., Radiocarbon, 35,
137–189, 1993.
Svensson, A., Andersen, K. K., Bigler, M., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Davies, S. M., Johnsen, S. J., Muscheler, R., Parrenin, F., Rasmussen, S. O., Röthlisberger, R., Seierstad, I., Steffensen, J. P., and Vinther, B. M.: A 60 000 year Greenland stratigraphic ice core chronology, Clim. Past, 4, 47–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-4-47-2008, 2008.
Sweeney, C., Gloor, E., Jacobson, A. R., Key, R. M., McKinley, G., Sarmiento, J. L., and Wanningkhof, R.: Constraining global air-sea gas exchange for CO2 with recent bomb 14C measurements, Global Biochem. Cy., 21, GB2015, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002784, 2007.
Toggweiler, J. R., Druffel, E. R. M., Key, R. M., and Galbraith, E. D.: Upwelling
in the ocean basins north of the ACC. Part 2: How cool Subantarctic water
reaches the surface in the tropics, J. Geophys. Res., 124, 2609–2625, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014795, 2019.
Turney, C. S. M., Fifield, L. K., Hogg, A. G., Turney, C. S. M., Fifield, L. K., Hogg, A. G., Palmer, J. G., Bailie, M. G. L., Galbraith, R., Odgen, J., Lorrey, A., Tims, S., and Jones, R. T.: Using New Zealand kauri
(Agathis australis) to test the synchronicity of abrupt climate change during the Last Glacial Interval (60,000–11,700 years ago), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 3677–3682, 2010.
Turney, C. S. M., Jones, R. T., Phipps, S. J., Thomas, Z., Hogg, A., Kershaw, A.P., Fogwill, C. J., Palmer, J., Bronk-Ramsey, C., Adolphi, F., Muscheler, R., Hughen, K. A., Staff, R. A., Grosvenor, M., Golledge, N. R., Rasmussen, S. O., Hutchinson, D. K., Haberly, S., Lorrey, A., Boswijk, G., and Cooper, A.: Rapid global ocean-atmosphere response to Southern Ocean freshening during the last glacial, Nat. Commun., 8, 520, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00577-6, 2017.
Umling, N. E. and Thunnell, R. C.: Synchronous deglacial thermocline and
deep-water ventilation in the eastern equatorial Pacific, Nat.
Commun., 8, 14203. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14203, 2017.
Waelbroeck, C., Duplessy, J.-C., Michel, E., Labeyrie, L., Paillard, D., and
Duprat, J.: The timing of the last deglaciation in North Atlantic climate
records, Nature, 412, 724–727, 2001.
Waelbroeck, C., Skinner, L. C., Labeyrie, L., Duplessy, J.-C., Michel, E.,
Riveiros, N. V., Gherardi, J.-M., and Dewilde, F.: The timing of deglacial
circulation changes in the Atlantic, Paleoceanography, 26, PA3213,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010PA002007, 2011.
WAIS Divide Project Members: Onset of deglacial warming in West Antarctica
driven by local orbital forcing, Nature, 500, 440–444,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12376, 2013.
Wallmann, K., Schneider, B., and Sarnthein, M.: Effects of eustatic sea-level change, ocean dynamics, and nutrient utilization on atmospheric pCO2 and seawater composition over the last 130 000 years: a model study, Clim. Past, 12, 339–375, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-339-2016, 2016.
Wang, L. J., Sarnthein, M., Erlenkeuser, H., Grimalt, J., Grootes, P.,
Heilig, S., Ivanova, E., Kienast, M., Pelejero, C., and Pflaumann, U.: East
Asian monsoon climate during the late Pleistocene: High-resolution sediment
records from the South China Sea, Mar. Geol., 156, 245–284, 1999.
Wang, P., Clemens, S., Beaufort, L., Braconnot, P., Ganssen, G., Jian, Z.,
Kershaw, P., and Sarnthein, M.: SCOR/IMAGES Working Group 113 SEAMONS:
Evolution and variability of the Asian Monsoon System: State of the art and
outstanding issues, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 595–629, 2005.
Wang, Y. C, Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., An, Z. S., Wu, J. Y., Shen, C.-C., and
Dorale, J. A.: A high-resolution absolute-dated Late Pleistocene monsoon
record from Hulu Cave, China, Science, 294, 2345–2348. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1064618, 2001.
Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M., and Andersen, N.:
Indo-Pacific Warm Pool variability during the Holocene and Last Glacial
Maximum, Paleoceanogr., 25, PA4230, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010PA001934, 2010.
Yamamoto, A., Abe-Ouchi, A., Ohgaito, R., Ito, A., and Oka, A.: Glacial CO2 decrease and deep-water deoxygenation by iron fertilization from glaciogenic dust, Clim. Past, 15, 981–996, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-981-2019, 2019.
Zhao, N. and Keigwin, L. D.: An atmospheric chronology for the
glacial-deglacial Eastern Equatorial Pacific, Nat. Commun., 9, 3077,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05574-x, 2018.
Zhao, N., Marchal, O., Keigwin, L., Amrhein, D., and Gebbie, G.: A synthesis
of deep-sea radiocarbon records and their (in) consistency with modern ocean
ventilation, Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 33, 128–151, 2018.
Short summary
The dating technique of 14C plateau tuning uses U/Th-based model ages, refinements of the Lake Suigetsu age scale, and the link of surface ocean carbon to the globally mixed atmosphere as basis of age correlation. Our synthesis employs data of 20 sediment cores from the global ocean and offers a coherent picture of global ocean circulation evolving over glacial-to-deglacial times on semi-millennial scales to be compared with climate records stored in marine sediments, ice cores, and speleothems.
The dating technique of 14C plateau tuning uses U/Th-based model ages, refinements of the Lake...
