Articles | Volume 14, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-2037-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-2037-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
20 Dec 2018
Research article |
| 20 Dec 2018
| 20 Dec 2018
Understanding the Australian Monsoon change during the Last Glacial Maximum with a multi-model ensemble
Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, State key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Evolution, Jiangsu Provincial Cultivation Base, School of Geography Science,
Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
Bin Wang
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96825, USA
Earth System Modeling Center, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Jian Liu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, State key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Evolution, Jiangsu Provincial Cultivation Base, School of Geography Science,
Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
Axing Zhu
Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, State key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Evolution, Jiangsu Provincial Cultivation Base, School of Geography Science,
Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
State Key Lab of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Liang Ning
Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, State key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Evolution, Jiangsu Provincial Cultivation Base, School of Geography Science,
Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
Climate System Research Center, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 01003, USA
Jian Cao
Earth System Modeling Center, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Related authors
Mi Yan and Jian Liu
Clim. Past, 15, 265–277, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-265-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-265-2019, 2019
Liang Ning, Jian Liu, Raymond S. Bradley, and Mi Yan
Clim. Past, 15, 41–52, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-41-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-41-2019, 2019
Martin Juckes, Karl E. Taylor, Fabrizio Antonio, David Brayshaw, Carlo Buontempo, Jian Cao, Paul J. Durack, Michio Kawamiya, Hyungjun Kim, Tomas Lovato, Chloe Mackallah, Matthew Mizielinski, Alessandra Nuzzo, Martina Stockhause, Daniele Visioni, Jeremy Walton, Briony Turner, Eleanor O’Rourke, and Beth Dingley
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2363, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2363, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Baseline Climate Variables for Earth System Modelling (ESM-BCVs) are defined as a list of 132 variables which have high utility for the evaluation and exploitation of climate simulations. The list reflects the most heavily used variables from Earth System Models, based on an assessment of data publication and download records from the largest archive of global climate projects.
Danyang Ma, Tijian Wang, Hao Wu, Yawei Qu, Jian Liu, Jane Liu, Shu Li, Bingliang Zhuang, Mengmeng Li, and Min Xie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6525–6544, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing surface ozone (O3) concentrations have long been a significant environmental issue in China, despite the Clean Air Action Plan launched in 2013. Most previous research ignores the contributions of CO2 variations. Our study comprehensively analyzed O3 variation across China from various perspectives and highlighted the importance of considering CO2 variations when designing long-term O3 control policies, especially in high-vegetation-coverage areas.
Hongyue Zhang, Jesper Sjolte, Zhengyao Lu, Jian Liu, Weiyi Sun, and Lingfeng Wan
Clim. Past, 19, 665–680, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-665-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-665-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on proxy data and modeling, the Arctic temperature has an asymmetric cooling trend with more cooling over the Atlantic Arctic than the Pacific Arctic during the Holocene, dominated by orbital forcing. There is a seasonal difference in the asymmetric cooling trend, which is dominated by the DJF (December, January, and February) temperature variability. The Arctic dipole mode of sea level pressure and sea ice play a major role in asymmetric temperature changes.
Xiaoxu Shi, Martin Werner, Carolin Krug, Chris M. Brierley, Anni Zhao, Endurance Igbinosa, Pascale Braconnot, Esther Brady, Jian Cao, Roberta D'Agostino, Johann Jungclaus, Xingxing Liu, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Dmitry Sidorenko, Robert Tomas, Evgeny M. Volodin, Hu Yang, Qiong Zhang, Weipeng Zheng, and Gerrit Lohmann
Clim. Past, 18, 1047–1070, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1047-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1047-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Since the orbital parameters of the past are different from today, applying the modern calendar to the past climate can lead to an artificial bias in seasonal cycles. With the use of multiple model outputs, we found that such a bias is non-ignorable and should be corrected to ensure an accurate comparison between modeled results and observational records, as well as between simulated past and modern climates, especially for the Last Interglacial.
Masa Kageyama, Louise C. Sime, Marie Sicard, Maria-Vittoria Guarino, Anne de Vernal, Ruediger Stein, David Schroeder, Irene Malmierca-Vallet, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Cecilia Bitz, Pascale Braconnot, Esther C. Brady, Jian Cao, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Danny Feltham, Chuncheng Guo, Allegra N. LeGrande, Gerrit Lohmann, Katrin J. Meissner, Laurie Menviel, Polina Morozova, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Ryouta O'ishi, Silvana Ramos Buarque, David Salas y Melia, Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Julienne Stroeve, Xiaoxu Shi, Bo Sun, Robert A. Tomas, Evgeny Volodin, Nicholas K. H. Yeung, Qiong Zhang, Zhongshi Zhang, Weipeng Zheng, and Tilo Ziehn
Clim. Past, 17, 37–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-37-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-37-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Last interglacial (ca. 127 000 years ago) is a period with increased summer insolation at high northern latitudes, resulting in a strong reduction in Arctic sea ice. The latest PMIP4-CMIP6 models all simulate this decrease, consistent with reconstructions. However, neither the models nor the reconstructions agree on the possibility of a seasonally ice-free Arctic. Work to clarify the reasons for this model divergence and the conflicting interpretations of the records will thus be needed.
Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Esther C. Brady, Anni Zhao, Chris M. Brierley, Yarrow Axford, Emilie Capron, Aline Govin, Jeremy S. Hoffman, Elizabeth Isaacs, Masa Kageyama, Paolo Scussolini, Polychronis C. Tzedakis, Charles J. R. Williams, Eric Wolff, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Pascale Braconnot, Silvana Ramos Buarque, Jian Cao, Anne de Vernal, Maria Vittoria Guarino, Chuncheng Guo, Allegra N. LeGrande, Gerrit Lohmann, Katrin J. Meissner, Laurie Menviel, Polina A. Morozova, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Ryouta O'ishi, David Salas y Mélia, Xiaoxu Shi, Marie Sicard, Louise Sime, Christian Stepanek, Robert Tomas, Evgeny Volodin, Nicholas K. H. Yeung, Qiong Zhang, Zhongshi Zhang, and Weipeng Zheng
Clim. Past, 17, 63–94, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-63-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-63-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The CMIP6–PMIP4 Tier 1 lig127k experiment was designed to address the climate responses to strong orbital forcing. We present a multi-model ensemble of 17 climate models, most of which have also completed the CMIP6 DECK experiments and are thus important for assessing future projections. The lig127ksimulations show strong summer warming over the NH continents. More than half of the models simulate a retreat of the Arctic minimum summer ice edge similar to the average for 2000–2018.
Chris M. Brierley, Anni Zhao, Sandy P. Harrison, Pascale Braconnot, Charles J. R. Williams, David J. R. Thornalley, Xiaoxu Shi, Jean-Yves Peterschmitt, Rumi Ohgaito, Darrell S. Kaufman, Masa Kageyama, Julia C. Hargreaves, Michael P. Erb, Julien Emile-Geay, Roberta D'Agostino, Deepak Chandan, Matthieu Carré, Partrick J. Bartlein, Weipeng Zheng, Zhongshi Zhang, Qiong Zhang, Hu Yang, Evgeny M. Volodin, Robert A. Tomas, Cody Routson, W. Richard Peltier, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Polina A. Morozova, Nicholas P. McKay, Gerrit Lohmann, Allegra N. Legrande, Chuncheng Guo, Jian Cao, Esther Brady, James D. Annan, and Ayako Abe-Ouchi
Clim. Past, 16, 1847–1872, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1847-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1847-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an initial exploration and comparison to climate reconstructions of the new climate model simulations of the mid-Holocene (6000 years ago). These use state-of-the-art models developed for CMIP6 and apply the same experimental set-up. The models capture several key aspects of the climate, but some persistent issues remain.
Yifei Dai, Long Cao, and Bin Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 3119–3144, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3119-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3119-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
NESM v3 is one of the CMIP6 registered Earth system models. We evaluate its ocean carbon cycle component and present its present-day and future oceanic CO2 uptake based on the CMIP6 historical and SSP5–8.5 scenarios. We hope that this paper can serve as a documentation of the marine biogeochemical cycle in NESM v3. Also, the model defects found and their underlying causes analyzed in this paper could help users and further model development.
Mi Yan and Jian Liu
Clim. Past, 15, 265–277, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-265-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-265-2019, 2019
Liang Ning, Jian Liu, Raymond S. Bradley, and Mi Yan
Clim. Past, 15, 41–52, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-41-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-41-2019, 2019
Jian Cao, Bin Wang, Young-Min Yang, Libin Ma, Juan Li, Bo Sun, Yan Bao, Jie He, Xiao Zhou, and Liguang Wu
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2975–2993, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2975-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2975-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The development of version 3 of the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST) Earth System Model (NESM v3) aims at building up a comprehensive numerical modeling laboratory for multidisciplinary studies of the climate system and Earth system. The model evaluation shows the model obtained stable long-term integrations and reasonable global mean states under preindustrial (PI) forcing and simulated reasonable climate responses to transient and abrupt CO2 forcing.
Yifei Dai, Long Cao, and Bin Wang
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-68, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-68, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
NESM-2.0.1 is one of the few models from China that present the ocean carbon cycle simulations. Our results demonstrate that NESM-2.0.1 does a reasonable job in simulating current-day marine ecosystems and oceanic CO2 uptake. The model also can be used as a useful tool in the investigation of feedback interactions between the ocean carbon cycle, atmospheric CO2, and climate change.
Related subject area
Subject: Climate Modelling | Archive: Modelling only | Timescale: Pleistocene
Contrasting the Penultimate Glacial Maximum and the Last Glacial Maximum (140 and 21 ka) using coupled climate–ice sheet modelling
Contrasting responses of summer precipitation to orbital forcing in Japan and China over the past 450 kyr
Investigating similarities and differences of the penultimate and last glacial terminations with a coupled ice sheet–climate model
Last Glacial Maximum climate and atmospheric circulation over the Australian region from climate models
Uncertainties originating from GCM downscaling and bias correction with application to the MIS-11c Greenland Ice Sheet
Surface mass balance and climate of the Last Glacial Maximum Northern Hemisphere ice sheets: simulations with CESM2.1
A transient coupled general circulation model (CGCM) simulation of the past 3 million years
Atmosphere–cryosphere interactions during the last phase of the Last Glacial Maximum (21 ka) in the European Alps
Summer surface air temperature proxies point to near-sea-ice-free conditions in the Arctic at 127 ka
On the importance of moisture conveyor belts from the tropical eastern Pacific for wetter conditions in the Atacama Desert during the mid-Pliocene
Modeled storm surge changes in a warmer world: the Last Interglacial
No changes in overall AMOC strength in interglacial PMIP4 time slices
The role of ice-sheet topography in the Alpine hydro-climate at glacial times
Simulating glacial dust changes in the Southern Hemisphere using ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3
Climate and ice sheet evolutions from the last glacial maximum to the pre-industrial period with an ice-sheet–climate coupled model
The role of land cover in the climate of glacial Europe
Simulated stability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum
Large-scale features of Last Interglacial climate: results from evaluating the lig127k simulations for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6)–Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4)
Evaluation of Arctic warming in mid-Pliocene climate simulations
Simulating Marine Isotope Stage 7 with a coupled climate–ice sheet model
Comparison of past and future simulations of ENSO in CMIP5/PMIP3 and CMIP6/PMIP4 models
An empirical evaluation of bias correction methods for palaeoclimate simulations
Hypersensitivity of glacial summer temperatures in Siberia
Distorted Pacific–North American teleconnection at the Last Glacial Maximum
Effect of high dust amount on surface temperature during the Last Glacial Maximum: a modelling study using MIROC-ESM
The role of regional feedbacks in glacial inception on Baffin Island: the interaction of ice flow and meteorology
Quantifying the influence of the terrestrial biosphere on glacial–interglacial climate dynamics
Intra-interglacial climate variability: model simulations of Marine Isotope Stages 1, 5, 11, 13, and 15
A GCM comparison of Pleistocene super-interglacial periods in relation to Lake El'gygytgyn, NE Arctic Russia
Global sensitivity analysis of the Indian monsoon during the Pleistocene
Interaction of ice sheets and climate during the past 800 000 years
Simulating last interglacial climate with NorESM: role of insolation and greenhouse gases in the timing of peak warmth
Impact of geomagnetic excursions on atmospheric chemistry and dynamics
Assessing the impact of Laurentide Ice Sheet topography on glacial climate
Interdependence of the growth of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during the last glaciation: the role of atmospheric circulation
Different ocean states and transient characteristics in Last Glacial Maximum simulations and implications for deglaciation
Why could ice ages be unpredictable?
Assessing the impact of late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions on global vegetation and climate
The last interglacial (Eemian) climate simulated by LOVECLIM and CCSM3
LGM permafrost distribution: how well can the latest PMIP multi-model ensembles perform reconstruction?
Tropical vegetation response to Heinrich Event 1 as simulated with the UVic ESCM and CCSM3
Influence of Last Glacial Maximum boundary conditions on the global water isotope distribution in an atmospheric general circulation model
A new global reconstruction of temperature changes at the Last Glacial Maximum
Modelling snow accumulation on Greenland in Eemian, glacial inception, and modern climates in a GCM
Modelling large-scale ice-sheet–climate interactions following glacial inception
Sensitivity of the North Atlantic climate to Greenland Ice Sheet melting during the Last Interglacial
The impact of different glacial boundary conditions on atmospheric dynamics and precipitation in the North Atlantic region
Present and LGM permafrost from climate simulations: contribution of statistical downscaling
The key role of topography in altering North Atlantic atmospheric circulation during the last glacial period
Uncertainties in modelling CH4 emissions from northern wetlands in glacial climates: the role of vegetation parameters
Violet L. Patterson, Lauren J. Gregoire, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Niall Gandy, Jonathan Owen, Robin S. Smith, Oliver G. Pollard, Lachlan C. Astfalck, and Paul J. Valdes
Clim. Past, 20, 2191–2218, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2191-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2191-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Simulations of the last two glacial periods are run using a computer model in which the atmosphere and ice sheets interact. The results show that the initial conditions used in the simulations are the primary reason for the difference in simulated North American ice sheet volume between each period. Thus, the climate leading up to the glacial maxima and other factors, such as vegetation, are important contributors to the differences in the ice sheets at the Last and Penultimate glacial maxima.
Taiga Matsushita, Mariko Harada, Hiroaki Ueda, Takeshi Nakagawa, Yoshimi Kubota, Yoshiaki Suzuki, and Youichi Kamae
Clim. Past, 20, 2017–2029, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2017-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2017-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a climate simulation using version 2.3 of the Meteorological Research Institute's Coupled General Circulation Model (MRI-CGCM2.3) to examine the impact of insolation changes on East Asian summer monsoon variability over the past 450 kyr. We show that changes in summer insolation over East Asia led to distinct climatic responses in China and Japan, driven by altered atmospheric circulation due to the intensification of the North Pacific subtropical high and the North Pacific High.
Aurélien Quiquet and Didier M. Roche
Clim. Past, 20, 1365–1385, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1365-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1365-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we use the same experimental protocol to simulate the last two glacial terminations with a coupled ice sheet–climate model. Major differences among the two terminations are that the ice sheets retreat earlier and the Atlantic oceanic circulation is more prone to collapse during the penultimate termination. However, for both terminations the pattern of ice retreat is similar, and this retreat is primarily explained by orbital forcing changes and greenhouse gas concentration changes.
Yanxuan Du, Josephine R. Brown, and J. M. Kale Sniderman
Clim. Past, 20, 393–413, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-393-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-393-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides insights into regional Australian climate variations (temperature, precipitation, wind, and atmospheric circulation) during the Last Glacial Maximum (21 000 kyr ago) and the interconnections between climate variables in different seasons from climate model simulations. Model results are evaluated and compared with available palaeoclimate proxy records. Results show model responses diverge widely in both the tropics and mid-latitudes in the Australian region.
Brian R. Crow, Lev Tarasov, Michael Schulz, and Matthias Prange
Clim. Past, 20, 281–296, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-281-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
An abnormally warm period around 400,000 years ago is thought to have resulted in a large melt event for the Greenland Ice Sheet. Using a sequence of climate model simulations connected to an ice model, we estimate a 50 % melt of Greenland compared to today. Importantly, we explore how the exact methodology of connecting the temperatures and precipitation from the climate model to the ice sheet model can influence these results and show that common methods could introduce errors.
Sarah L. Bradley, Raymond Sellevold, Michele Petrini, Miren Vizcaino, Sotiria Georgiou, Jiang Zhu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, and Marcus Lofverstrom
Clim. Past, 20, 211–235, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-211-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-211-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was the most recent period with large ice sheets in Europe and North America. We provide a detailed analysis of surface mass and energy components for two time periods that bracket the LGM: 26 and 21 ka BP. We use an earth system model which has been adopted for modern ice sheets. We find that all Northern Hemisphere ice sheets have a positive surface mass balance apart from the British and Irish ice sheets and the North American ice sheet complex.
Kyung-Sook Yun, Axel Timmermann, Sun-Seon Lee, Matteo Willeit, Andrey Ganopolski, and Jyoti Jadhav
Clim. Past, 19, 1951–1974, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1951-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1951-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To quantify the sensitivity of the earth system to orbital-scale forcings, we conducted an unprecedented quasi-continuous coupled general climate model simulation with the Community Earth System Model, which covers the climatic history of the past 3 million years. This study could stimulate future transient paleo-climate model simulations and perspectives to further highlight and document the effect of anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the broader paleo-climatic context.
Costanza Del Gobbo, Renato R. Colucci, Giovanni Monegato, Manja Žebre, and Filippo Giorgi
Clim. Past, 19, 1805–1823, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied atmosphere–cryosphere interaction during the last phase of the Last Glacial Maximum in the Alpine region, using a high-resolution regional climate model. We analysed the climate south and north of the Alps, using a detailed map of the Alpine equilibrium line altitude (ELA) to study the mechanism that sustained the Alpine glaciers at 21 ka. The Genoa low and a mild Mediterranean Sea led to frequent snowfall in the southern Alps, thus preserving the glaciers and lowering the ELA.
Louise C. Sime, Rahul Sivankutty, Irene Vallet-Malmierca, Agatha M. de Boer, and Marie Sicard
Clim. Past, 19, 883–900, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-883-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-883-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
It is not known if the Last Interglacial (LIG) experienced Arctic summers that were sea ice free: models show a wide spread in LIG Arctic temperature and sea ice results. Evaluation against sea ice markers is hampered by few observations. Here, an assessment of 11 climate model simulations against summer temperatures shows that the most skilful models have a 74 %–79 % reduction in LIG sea ice. The measurements of LIG areas indicate a likely mix of ice-free and near-ice-free LIG summers.
Mark Reyers, Stephanie Fiedler, Patrick Ludwig, Christoph Böhm, Volker Wennrich, and Yaping Shao
Clim. Past, 19, 517–532, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-517-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we performed high-resolution climate model simulations for the hyper-arid Atacama Desert for the mid-Pliocene (3.2 Ma). The aim is to uncover the atmospheric processes that are involved in the enhancement of strong rainfall events during this period. We find that strong upper-level moisture fluxes (so-called moisture conveyor belts) originating in the tropical eastern Pacific are the main driver for increased rainfall in the mid-Pliocene.
Paolo Scussolini, Job Dullaart, Sanne Muis, Alessio Rovere, Pepijn Bakker, Dim Coumou, Hans Renssen, Philip J. Ward, and Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts
Clim. Past, 19, 141–157, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-141-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-141-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstruct sea level extremes due to storm surges in a past warmer climate. We employ a novel combination of paleoclimate modeling and global ocean hydrodynamic modeling. We find that during the Last Interglacial, about 127 000 years ago, seasonal sea level extremes were indeed significantly different – higher or lower – on long stretches of the global coast. These changes are associated with different patterns of atmospheric storminess linked with meridional shifts in wind bands.
Zhiyi Jiang, Chris Brierley, David Thornalley, and Sophie Sax
Clim. Past, 19, 107–121, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-107-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-107-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work looks at a series of model simulations of two past warm climates. We focus on the deep overturning circulation in the Atlantic Ocean. We show that there are no robust changes in the overall strength of the circulation. We also show that the circulation hardly plays a role in changes in the surface climate across the globe.
Patricio Velasquez, Martina Messmer, and Christoph C. Raible
Clim. Past, 18, 1579–1600, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1579-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1579-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the sensitivity of the glacial Alpine hydro-climate to northern hemispheric and local ice-sheet changes. We perform sensitivity simulations of up to 2 km horizontal resolution over the Alps for glacial periods. The findings demonstrate that northern hemispheric and local ice-sheet topography are important role in regulating the Alpine hydro-climate and permits a better understanding of the Alpine precipitation patterns at glacial times.
Stephan Krätschmer, Michèlle van der Does, Frank Lamy, Gerrit Lohmann, Christoph Völker, and Martin Werner
Clim. Past, 18, 67–87, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-67-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-67-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use an atmospheric model coupled to an aerosol model to investigate the global mineral dust cycle with a focus on the Southern Hemisphere for warmer and colder climate states and compare our results to observational data. Our findings suggest that Australia is the predominant source of dust deposited over Antarctica during the last glacial maximum. In addition, we find that the southward transport of dust from all sources to Antarctica happens at lower altitudes in colder climates.
Aurélien Quiquet, Didier M. Roche, Christophe Dumas, Nathaëlle Bouttes, and Fanny Lhardy
Clim. Past, 17, 2179–2199, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2179-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2179-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we discuss results obtained with a set of coupled ice-sheet–climate model experiments for the last 26 kyrs. The model displays a large sensitivity of the oceanic circulation to the amount of the freshwater flux resulting from ice sheet melting. Ice sheet geometry changes alone are not enough to lead to abrupt climate events, and rapid warming at high latitudes is here only reported during abrupt oceanic circulation recoveries that occurred when accounting for freshwater flux.
Patricio Velasquez, Jed O. Kaplan, Martina Messmer, Patrick Ludwig, and Christoph C. Raible
Clim. Past, 17, 1161–1180, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1161-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1161-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses the importance of resolution and land–atmosphere feedbacks for European climate. We performed an asynchronously coupled experiment that combined a global climate model (~ 100 km), a regional climate model (18 km), and a dynamic vegetation model (18 km). Modelled climate and land cover agree reasonably well with independent reconstructions based on pollen and other paleoenvironmental proxies. The regional climate is significantly influenced by land cover.
Frerk Pöppelmeier, Jeemijn Scheen, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes, and Thomas F. Stocker
Clim. Past, 17, 615–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-615-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-615-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The stability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) critically depends on its mean state. We simulate the response of the AMOC to North Atlantic freshwater perturbations under different glacial boundary conditions. We find that a closed Bering Strait greatly increases the AMOC's sensitivity to freshwater hosing. Further, the shift from mono- to bistability strongly depends on the chosen boundary conditions, with weaker circulation states exhibiting more abrupt transitions.
Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Esther C. Brady, Anni Zhao, Chris M. Brierley, Yarrow Axford, Emilie Capron, Aline Govin, Jeremy S. Hoffman, Elizabeth Isaacs, Masa Kageyama, Paolo Scussolini, Polychronis C. Tzedakis, Charles J. R. Williams, Eric Wolff, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Pascale Braconnot, Silvana Ramos Buarque, Jian Cao, Anne de Vernal, Maria Vittoria Guarino, Chuncheng Guo, Allegra N. LeGrande, Gerrit Lohmann, Katrin J. Meissner, Laurie Menviel, Polina A. Morozova, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Ryouta O'ishi, David Salas y Mélia, Xiaoxu Shi, Marie Sicard, Louise Sime, Christian Stepanek, Robert Tomas, Evgeny Volodin, Nicholas K. H. Yeung, Qiong Zhang, Zhongshi Zhang, and Weipeng Zheng
Clim. Past, 17, 63–94, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-63-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-63-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The CMIP6–PMIP4 Tier 1 lig127k experiment was designed to address the climate responses to strong orbital forcing. We present a multi-model ensemble of 17 climate models, most of which have also completed the CMIP6 DECK experiments and are thus important for assessing future projections. The lig127ksimulations show strong summer warming over the NH continents. More than half of the models simulate a retreat of the Arctic minimum summer ice edge similar to the average for 2000–2018.
Wesley de Nooijer, Qiong Zhang, Qiang Li, Qiang Zhang, Xiangyu Li, Zhongshi Zhang, Chuncheng Guo, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Alan M. Haywood, Julia C. Tindall, Stephen J. Hunter, Harry J. Dowsett, Christian Stepanek, Gerrit Lohmann, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Ran Feng, Linda E. Sohl, Mark A. Chandler, Ning Tan, Camille Contoux, Gilles Ramstein, Michiel L. J. Baatsen, Anna S. von der Heydt, Deepak Chandan, W. Richard Peltier, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Wing-Le Chan, Youichi Kamae, and Chris M. Brierley
Clim. Past, 16, 2325–2341, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2325-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2325-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The simulations for the past climate can inform us about the performance of climate models in different climate scenarios. Here, we analyse Arctic warming in an ensemble of 16 simulations of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP), when the CO2 level was comparable to today. The results highlight the importance of slow feedbacks in the model simulations and imply that we must be careful when using simulations of the mPWP as an analogue for future climate change.
Dipayan Choudhury, Axel Timmermann, Fabian Schloesser, Malte Heinemann, and David Pollard
Clim. Past, 16, 2183–2201, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2183-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2183-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our study is the first study to conduct transient simulations over MIS 7, using a 3-D coupled climate–ice sheet model with interactive ice sheets in both hemispheres. We find glacial inceptions to be more sensitive to orbital variations, whereas glacial terminations need the concerted action of both orbital and CO2 forcings. We highlight the issue of multiple equilibria and an instability due to stationary-wave–topography feedback that can trigger unrealistic North American ice sheet growth.
Josephine R. Brown, Chris M. Brierley, Soon-Il An, Maria-Vittoria Guarino, Samantha Stevenson, Charles J. R. Williams, Qiong Zhang, Anni Zhao, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Pascale Braconnot, Esther C. Brady, Deepak Chandan, Roberta D'Agostino, Chuncheng Guo, Allegra N. LeGrande, Gerrit Lohmann, Polina A. Morozova, Rumi Ohgaito, Ryouta O'ishi, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, W. Richard Peltier, Xiaoxu Shi, Louise Sime, Evgeny M. Volodin, Zhongshi Zhang, and Weipeng Zheng
Clim. Past, 16, 1777–1805, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1777-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1777-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the largest source of year-to-year variability in the current climate, but the response of ENSO to past or future changes in climate is uncertain. This study compares the strength and spatial pattern of ENSO in a set of climate model simulations in order to explore how ENSO changes in different climates, including past cold glacial climates and past climates with different seasonal cycles, as well as gradual and abrupt future warming cases.
Robert Beyer, Mario Krapp, and Andrea Manica
Clim. Past, 16, 1493–1508, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1493-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1493-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Even the most sophisticated global climate models are known to have significant biases in the way they simulate the climate system. Correcting model biases is therefore essential for creating realistic reconstructions of past climate that can be used, for example, to study long-term ecological dynamics. Here, we evaluated three widely used bias correction methods by means of a global dataset of empirical temperature and precipitation records from the last 125 000 years.
Pepijn Bakker, Irina Rogozhina, Ute Merkel, and Matthias Prange
Clim. Past, 16, 371–386, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-371-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-371-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Northeastern Siberia is currently known for its harsh cold climate, but remarkably it did not experience large-scale glaciation during the last ice age. We show that the region is also exceptional in climate models. As a result of subtle changes in model setup, climate models show a strong divergence in simulated glacial summer temperatures that is ultimately driven by changes in the circumpolar atmospheric stationary wave pattern and associated northward heat transport to northeastern Siberia.
Yongyun Hu, Yan Xia, Zhengyu Liu, Yuchen Wang, Zhengyao Lu, and Tao Wang
Clim. Past, 16, 199–209, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-199-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-199-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The paper shows, using climate simulations, that the Pacific–North American (PNA) teleconnection was distorted or completely broken at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The results suggest that ENSO would have little direct impact on North American climates at the LGM.
Rumi Ohgaito, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Ryouta O'ishi, Toshihiko Takemura, Akinori Ito, Tomohiro Hajima, Shingo Watanabe, and Michio Kawamiya
Clim. Past, 14, 1565–1581, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1565-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1565-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The behaviour of dust in terms of climate can be investigated using past climate. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21000 years before present) is known to be dustier. We investigated the impact of plausible dust distribution on the climate of the LGM using an Earth system model and found that the higher dust load results in less cooling over the polar regions. The main finding is that radiative perturbation by the high dust loading does not necessarily cool the surface surrounding Antarctica.
Leah Birch, Timothy Cronin, and Eli Tziperman
Clim. Past, 14, 1441–1462, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1441-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1441-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the regional dynamics at the beginning of the last ice age, using a nested configuration of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with a simple ice flow model. We find that ice sheet height causes a negative feedback on continued ice growth by interacting with the atmospheric circulation, causing warming on Baffin Island, and inhibiting the initiation of the last ice age. We conclude that processes at larger scales are needed to overcome the regional warming effect.
Taraka Davies-Barnard, Andy Ridgwell, Joy Singarayer, and Paul Valdes
Clim. Past, 13, 1381–1401, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1381-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1381-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first model analysis using a fully coupled dynamic atmosphere–ocean–vegetation GCM over the last 120 kyr that quantifies the net effect of vegetation on climate. This analysis shows that over the whole period the biogeophysical effect (albedo, evapotranspiration) is dominant, and that the biogeochemical impacts may have a lower possible range than typically estimated. This emphasises the temporal reliance of the balance between biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects.
Rima Rachmayani, Matthias Prange, and Michael Schulz
Clim. Past, 12, 677–695, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-677-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-677-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A set of 13 interglacial time slice experiments was carried out using a CCSM3-DGVM to study global climate variability between and within the Quaternary interglaciations of MIS 1, 5, 11, 13, and 15. Seasonal surface temperature anomalies can be explained by local insolation anomalies induced by the astronomical forcing in most regions and by GHG forcing at high latitudes and early Bruhnes interglacials. However, climate feedbacks may modify the surface temperature response in specific regions.
A. J. Coletti, R. M. DeConto, J. Brigham-Grette, and M. Melles
Clim. Past, 11, 979–989, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-979-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-979-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Evidence from Pleistocene sediments suggest that the Arctic's climate went through multiple sudden transitions, warming by 2-4 °C (compared to preindustrial times), and stayed warm for hundreds to thousands of years. A climate modelling study of these events suggests that the Arctic's climate and landscape drastically changed, transforming a cold and barren landscape as we know today to a warm, lush, evergreen and boreal forest landscape only seen in the modern midlatitudes.
P. A. Araya-Melo, M. Crucifix, and N. Bounceur
Clim. Past, 11, 45–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-45-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-45-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
By using a statistical tool termed emulator, we study the sensitivity of the Indian monsoon during the the Pleistocene. The originality of the present work is to consider, as inputs, several elements of the climate forcing that have varied in the past, and then use the emulator as a method to quantify the link between forcing variability and climate variability. The methodology described here may naturally be applied to other regions of interest.
L. B. Stap, R. S. W. van de Wal, B. de Boer, R. Bintanja, and L. J. Lourens
Clim. Past, 10, 2135–2152, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2135-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2135-2014, 2014
P.M. Langebroek and K. H. Nisancioglu
Clim. Past, 10, 1305–1318, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1305-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1305-2014, 2014
I. Suter, R. Zech, J. G. Anet, and T. Peter
Clim. Past, 10, 1183–1194, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1183-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1183-2014, 2014
D. J. Ullman, A. N. LeGrande, A. E. Carlson, F. S. Anslow, and J. M. Licciardi
Clim. Past, 10, 487–507, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-487-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-487-2014, 2014
P. Beghin, S. Charbit, C. Dumas, M. Kageyama, D. M. Roche, and C. Ritz
Clim. Past, 10, 345–358, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-345-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-345-2014, 2014
X. Zhang, G. Lohmann, G. Knorr, and X. Xu
Clim. Past, 9, 2319–2333, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2319-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2319-2013, 2013
M. Crucifix
Clim. Past, 9, 2253–2267, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2253-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2253-2013, 2013
M.-O. Brault, L. A. Mysak, H. D. Matthews, and C. T. Simmons
Clim. Past, 9, 1761–1771, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1761-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1761-2013, 2013
I. Nikolova, Q. Yin, A. Berger, U. K. Singh, and M. P. Karami
Clim. Past, 9, 1789–1806, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1789-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1789-2013, 2013
K. Saito, T. Sueyoshi, S. Marchenko, V. Romanovsky, B. Otto-Bliesner, J. Walsh, N. Bigelow, A. Hendricks, and K. Yoshikawa
Clim. Past, 9, 1697–1714, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1697-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1697-2013, 2013
D. Handiani, A. Paul, M. Prange, U. Merkel, L. Dupont, and X. Zhang
Clim. Past, 9, 1683–1696, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1683-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1683-2013, 2013
T. Tharammal, A. Paul, U. Merkel, and D. Noone
Clim. Past, 9, 789–809, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-789-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-789-2013, 2013
J. D. Annan and J. C. Hargreaves
Clim. Past, 9, 367–376, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-367-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-367-2013, 2013
H. J. Punge, H. Gallée, M. Kageyama, and G. Krinner
Clim. Past, 8, 1801–1819, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1801-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1801-2012, 2012
J. M. Gregory, O. J. H. Browne, A. J. Payne, J. K. Ridley, and I. C. Rutt
Clim. Past, 8, 1565–1580, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1565-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1565-2012, 2012
P. Bakker, C. J. Van Meerbeeck, and H. Renssen
Clim. Past, 8, 995–1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-995-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-995-2012, 2012
D. Hofer, C. C. Raible, A. Dehnert, and J. Kuhlemann
Clim. Past, 8, 935–949, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-935-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-935-2012, 2012
G. Levavasseur, M. Vrac, D. M. Roche, D. Paillard, A. Martin, and J. Vandenberghe
Clim. Past, 7, 1225–1246, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1225-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1225-2011, 2011
F. S. R. Pausata, C. Li, J. J. Wettstein, M. Kageyama, and K. H. Nisancioglu
Clim. Past, 7, 1089–1101, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1089-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1089-2011, 2011
C. Berrittella and J. van Huissteden
Clim. Past, 7, 1075–1087, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1075-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1075-2011, 2011
Cited articles
Ayliffe, L. K., Gagan, M. K., Zhao, J. X., Drysdale, R. N., Hellstrom, J. C.,
Hantoro, W. S., Griffiths, M. L., Scott-Gagan, H., St Pierre, E., Cowley, J. A.,
and Suwargadi, B. W.: Rapid interhemispheric climate links via the Australasian
monsoon during the last deglaciation, Nat. Commun., 4, 2908, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3908, 2013.
Bayon, G., De Deckker, P., Magee, J. W., Germain, Y., Bermell, S., Tachikawa,
K., and Norman, M. D.: Extensive wet episodes in Late Glacial Australia resulting
from high-latitude forcings, Scient. Rep., 7, 44054, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44054, 2017.
Braconnot, P., Otto-Bliesner, B., Harrison, S., Joussaume, S., Peterchmitt,
J.-Y., Abe-Ouchi, A., Crucifix, M., Driesschaert, E., Fichefet, T., Hewitt, C.
D., Kageyama, M., Kitoh, A., Loutre, M.-F., Marti, O., Merkel, U., Ramstein, G.,
Valdes, P., Weber, L., Yu, Y., and Zhao, Y.: Results of PMIP2 coupled simulations
of the Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum – Part 2: feedbacks with emphasis
on the location of the ITCZ and mid- and high latitudes heat budget, Clim. Past,
3, 279–296, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-279-2007, 2007.
Braconnot, P., Harrison, S. P., Kageyama, M., Bartlein, P. J., Masson-Delmotte,
V., Abe-Ouchi, A., Otto-Bliesner, B., and Zhao, Y.: Evaluation of climate models
using palaeoclimatic data, Nat. Clim. Change, 2, 417–424, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1456, 2012a.
Braconnot, P., Harrison, S. P., Otto-Bliesner, B., Abe-Ouchi, A., Jungclaus, J.,
and Peterschmitt, J. Y.: The Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project
contribution to CMIP5, CLIVAR Exchanges, 56, 15–19, 2012b.
Broccoli, A. J., Dahl, K. A., and Stouffer, R. J.: Response of the ITCZ to
Northern Hemisphere cooling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L01702, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl024546, 2006.
Brown, J. R., Moise, A. F., Colman, R., and Zhang, H.: Will a Warmer World
Mean a Wetter or Drier Australian Monsoon?, J. Climate, 29, 4577–4596,
https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0695.1, 2016.
Cao, J., Wang, B., Xiang, B., Li, J., Wu, T., Fu, X., Wu, L., and Min, J.:
Major modes of short-term climate variability in the newly developed NUIST
Earth System Model (NESM), Adv. Atmos. Sci., 32, 585–600, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-014-4200-6, 2015.
Chou, C., Neelin, J. D., Chen, C.-A., and Tu, J.-Y.: Evaluating the
“Rich-Get-Richer” Mechanism in Tropical Precipitation Change under Global
Warming, J. Climate, 22, 1982–2005, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2471.1, 2009.
De Deckker, P., Barrows, T. T., and Rogers, J.: Land–sea correlations in the
Australian region: post-glacial onset of the monsoon in northwestern Western
Australia, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 105, 181–194, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.030, 2014.
Denniston, R. F., Wyrwoll, K.-H., Asmerom, Y., Polyak, V. J., Humphreys, W. F.,
Cugley, J., Woods, D., LaPointe, Z., Peota, J., and Greaves, E.: North
Atlantic forcing of millennial-scale Indo-Australian monsoon dynamics during
the Last Glacial period, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 72, 159–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.04.012, 2013.
Denniston, R. F., Asmerom, Y., Polyak, V. J., Wanamaker, A. D., Ummenhofer, C.
C., Humphreys, W. F., Cugley, J., Woods, D., and Lucker, S.: Decoupling of
monsoon activity across the northern and southern Indo-Pacific during the Late
Glacial, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 176, 101–105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.09.014, 2017.
DiNezio, P. N. and Tierney, J. E.: The effect of sea level on glacial
Indo-Pacific climate, Nat. Geosci., 6, 485–491, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1823, 2013.
DiNezio, P. N., Clement, A., Vecchi, G. A., Soden, B., Broccoli, A. J.,
Otto-Bliesner, B. L., and Braconnot, P.: The response of the Walker circulation
to Last Glacial Maximum forcing: Implications for detection in proxies,
Paleoceanography, 26, PA3217, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010pa002083, 2011.
DiNezio, P. N., Timmermann, A., Tierney, J. E., Jin, F.-F., Otto-Bliesner, B.,
Rosenbloom, N., Mapes, B., Neale, R., Ivanovic, R. F., and Montenegro, A.: The
climate response of the Indo-Pacific warm pool to glacial sea level,
Paleoceanography, 31, 866–894, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015PA002890, 2016.
Donohoe, A., Marshall, J., Ferreira, D., and McGee, D.: The Relationship between
ITCZ Location and Cross-Equatorial Atmospheric Heat Transport: From the Seasonal
Cycle to the Last Glacial Maximum, J. Climate, 26, 3597–3618, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00467.1, 2013.
Endo, H. and Kitoh, A.: Thermodynamic and dynamic effects on regional monsoon
rainfall changes in a warmer climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 1704–1711,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013gl059158, 2014.
Eroglu, D., McRobie, F. H., Ozken, I., Stemler, T., Wyrwoll, K. H., Breitenbach,
S. F., Marwan, N., and Kurths, J.: See-saw relationship of the Holocene East
Asian-Australian summer monsoon, Nat. Commun., 7, 12929, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12929, 2016.
Harrison, S. P., Bartlein, P. J., Brewer, S., Prentice, I. C., Boyd, M., Hessler,
I., Holmgren, K., Izumi, K., and Willis, K.: Climate model benchmarking with
glacial and mid-Holocene climates, Clim. Dynam., 43, 671–688, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1922-6, 2014.
Held, I. M. and Soden, B. J.: Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to
global warming, J. Climate, 19, 5686–5699, 2006.
Hewitt, C., Broccoli, A. J., Mitchell, J. F. B., and Stouffer, R.: A coupled
model study of the last glacial maximum: Was part of the North Atlantic
relatively warm?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1571–1574, 2001.
Huang, P., Xie, S.-P., Hu, K., Huang, G., and Huang, R.: Patterns of the
seasonal response of tropical rainfall to global warming, Nat. Geosci., 6,
357–361, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1792, 2013.
Huffman, G. J., Adler, R. F., Bolvin, D. T., and Gu, G.: Improving the global
precipitation record: GPCP Version 2.1, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L17808,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl040000, 2009.
Jiang, D., Tian, Z., Lang, X., Kageyama, M., and Ramstein, G.: The concept of
lobal monsoon applied to the last glacial maximum: A multi-model analysis,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 126, 126–139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.08.033, 2015.
Jourdain, N. C., Gupta, A. S., Taschetto, A. S., Ummenhofer, C. C., Moise, A.
F., and Ashok, K.: The Indo-Australian monsoon and its relationship to ENSO and
IOD in reanalysis data and the CMIP3/CMIP5 simulations, Clim. Dynam., 41,
3073–3102, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1676-1, 2013.
Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Xu, J., Opdyke, B., De Deckker, P., Rohl, U., and
Mudelsee, M.: Southern Hemisphere control on Australian monsoon variability
during the late deglaciation and Holocene, Nat. Commun., 6, 5916, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6916, 2015.
Li, J., Feng, J., and Li, Y.: A possible cause of decreasing summer rainfall
in northeast Australia, Int. J. Climatol., 32, 995–1005, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2328, 2012.
Liu, F., Chai, J., Wang, B., Liu, J., Zhang, X., and Wang, Z.: Global monsoon
precipitation responses to large volcanic eruptions, Sci. Rep., 6, 24331,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24331, 2016.
Liu, Y., Lo, L., Shi, Z., Wei, K. Y., Chou, C. J., Chen, Y. C., Chuang, C. K.,
Wu, C. C., Mii, H. S., Peng, Z., Amakawa, H., Burr, G. S., Lee, S. Y., DeLong,
K. L., Elderfield, H., and Shen, C. C.: Obliquity pacing of the western Pacific
Intertropical Convergence Zone over the past 282,000 years, Nat. Commun., 6,
10018, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10018, 2015.
Marshall, A. G. and Lynch, A. H.: Time-slice analysis of the Australian summer
monsoon during the late Quaternary using the Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model, J.
Quaternary Sci., 21, 789–801, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1063, 2006.
Marshall, A. G. and Lynch, A. H.: The sensitivity of the Australian summer
monsoon to climate forcing during the late Quaternary, J. Geophys. Res., 113,
D11107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd008981, 2008.
McGee, D., Donohoe, A., Marshall, J., and Ferreira, D.: Changes in ITCZ location
and cross-equatorial heat transport at the Last Glacial Maximum, Heinrich
Stadial 1, and the mid-Holocene, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 390, 69–79,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.12.043, 2014.
Miller, G. H., Fogel, M. L., Magee, J. W., and Gagan, M. K.: Disentangling the
impacts of climate and human colonization on the flora and fauna of the
Australian arid zone over the past 100 ka using stable isotopes in avian
eggshell, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 151, 27–57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.08.009, 2016.
Mohtadi, M., Oppo, D. W., Steinke, S., Stuut, J.-B. W., De Pol-Holz, R., Hebbeln,
D., and Lückge, A.: Glacial to Holocene swings of the Australian–Indonesian
monsoon, Nat. Geosci., 4, 540–544, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1209, 2011.
Mohtadi, M., Prange, M., Oppo, D. W., De Pol-Holz, R., Merkel, U., Zhang, X.,
Steinke, S., and Lückge, A.: North Atlantic forcing of tropical Indian
Ocean climate, Nature, 509, 76–80, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13196, 2014.
Peltier, W. R.: Closure of the budget of global sea level rise over the GRACE
Era: The importance and magnitudes of the required corrections for global glacial
isostatic adjustment, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 1658–1674, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.04.004, 2009.
Peterschmitt, J. Y., Denvil, S., Morgan, M., and the PMIP 3 Participants Team:
The PMIP 3 Database: latest news, European Geosciences Union 2013, EGU2013-9107,
10 April 2013, Vienna, Austria, http://pmip3.lsce.ipsl.fr/ (last access: December 2018), 2013.
Petherick, L., Bostock, H., Cohen, T. J., Fitzsimmons, K., Tibby, J., Fletcher,
M. S., Moss, P., Reeves, J., Mooney, S., Barrows, T., Kemp, J., Jansen, J.,
Nanson, G., and Dosseto, A.: Climatic records over the past 30 ka from
temperate Australia – a synthesis from the Oz-INTIMATE workgroup, Quaternary
Sci. Rev., 74, 58–77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.12.012, 2013.
Reeves, J. M., Barrows, T. T., Cohen, T. J., Kiem, A. S., Bostock, H. C.,
Fitzsimmons, K. E., Jansen, J. D., Kemp, J., Krause, C., Petherick, L., and
Phipps, S. J.: Climate variability over the last 35,000 years recorded in
marine and terrestrial archives in the Australian region: an OZ-INTIMATE
compilation, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 74, 21–34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.01.001, 2013a.
Reeves, J. M., Bostock, H. C., Ayliffe, L. K., Barrows, T. T., De Deckker, P.,
Devriendt, L. S., Dunbar, G. B., Drysdale, R. N., Fitzsimmons, K. E., Gagan, M.
K., Griffiths, M. L., Haberle, S. G., Jansen, J. D., Krause, C., Lewis, S.,
McGregor, H. V., Mooney, S. D., Moss, P., Nanson, G. C., Purcell, A., and
van der Kaars, S.: Palaeoenvironmental change in tropical Australasia over the
last 30,000 years – a synthesis by the OZ-INTIMATE group, Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
74, 97–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.027, 2013b.
Rojas, M.: Sensitivity of Southern Hemisphere circulation to LGM and
4×CO2 climates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 965-9-70, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50195, 2013.
Seager, R., Naik, N., and Vecchi, G. A.: Thermodynamic and Dynamic Mechanisms
for Large-Scale Changes in the Hydrological Cycle in Response to Global Warming,
J. Climate, 23, 4651–4668, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3655.1, 2010.
Taschetto, A. S., Ummenhofer, C. C., Sen Gupta, A., and England, M. H.: Effect
of anomalous warming in the central Pacific on the Australian monsoon, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 36, L12704, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl038416, 2009.
Taylor, K. E., Stouffer, R. J., and Meehl, G. A.: An Overview of CMIP5 and the
Experiment Design, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 93, 485–498, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1, 2012.
Tharammal, T., Paul, A., Merkel, U., and Noone, D.: Influence of Last Glacial
Maximum boundary conditions on the global water isotope distribution in an
atmospheric general circulation model, Clim. Past, 9, 789–809, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-789-2013, 2013.
Turney, C. S. M., Haberle, S., Fink, D., Kershaw, A. P., Barbetti, M., Barrows,
T. T., Black, M., Cohen, T. J., Corrège, T., Hesse, P. P., Hua, Q., Johnston,
R., Morgan, V., Moss, P., Nanson, G., van Ommen, T., Rule, S., Williams, N. J.,
Zhao, J. X., D'Costa, D., Feng, Y. X., Gagan, M., Mooney, S., and Xia, Q.:
Integration of ice-core, marine and terrestrial records for the Australian Last
Glacial Maximum and Termination: a contribution from the OZ INTIMATE group, J.
Quaternary Sci., 21, 751–761, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1073, 2006.
Wang, B. and Ding, Q.: Global monsoon: Dominant mode of annual variation in
the tropics, Dynam. Atmos. Oceans, 44, 165–183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2007.05.002, 2008.
Wang, P. X., Wang, B., Cheng, H., Fasullo, J., Guo, Z., Kiefer, T., and Liu, Z.:
The global monsoon across time scales: Mechanisms and outstanding issues,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 174, 84–121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.07.006, 2017.
Williams, A. N., Ulm, S., Cook, A. R., Langley, M. C., and Collard, M.: Human
refugia in Australia during the Last Glacial Maximum and Terminal Pleistocene:
a geospatial analysis of the 25–12 ka Australian archaeological record, J.
Archaeol. Sci., 40, 4612–4625, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.015, 2013.
Wyrwoll, K.-H., Liu, Z., Chen, G., Kutzbach, J. E., and Liu, X.: Sensitivity
of the Australian summer monsoon to tilt and precession forcing, Quaternary
Sci. Rev., 26, 3043–3057, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.06.026, 2007.
Wyrwoll, K.-H., Hopwood, J. M., and Chen, G.: Orbital time-scale circulation
controls of the Australian summer monsoon: a possible role for mid-latitude
Southern Hemisphere forcing?, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 35, 23–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.01.003, 2012.
Xie, P. and Arkin, P.: Global precipitation: a 17-year monthly analysis based
on Gauge Obseravations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs, B.
Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 2539–2558, 1997.
Xu, J., Kuhnt, W., Holbourn, A., Regenberg, M., and Andersen, N.: Indo-Pacific
Warm Pool variability during the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum, Paleoceanography,
25, PA4230, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010pa001934, 2010.
Yan, M., Wang, B., and Liu, J.: Global monsoon change during the Last Glacial
Maximum: a multi-model study, Clim. Dynam., 47, 359–374, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2841-5, 2016.
