Articles | Volume 16, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-79-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-79-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
10 Jan 2020
Research article |
| 10 Jan 2020
| 10 Jan 2020
South Pacific Subtropical High from the late Holocene to the end of the 21st century: insights from climate proxies and general circulation models
Valentina Flores-Aqueveque
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y
Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Plaza Ercilla 803, Santiago, Chile
Millennium Nuclei for Paleoclimate, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
Maisa Rojas
Departamento de Geofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y
Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile
Millennium Nuclei for Paleoclimate, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia (CR2, FONDAP 15110009), Chile
Catalina Aguirre
Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia (CR2, FONDAP 15110009), Chile
Escuela de Ingeniería Civil Oceánica, Facultad de
Ingeniería, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
Centro de Observación Marino para estudios de Riesgos del Ambiente Costero (COSTA-R), Valparaíso, Chile
Paola A. Arias
Grupo de Ingeniería y Gestión Ambiental (GIGA), Escuela
Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia,
Medellín, Colombia
Charles González
Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y
Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Plaza Ercilla 803, Santiago, Chile
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Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4533–4559, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4533-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4533-2024, 2024
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The scientific community is considering new scenarios to succeed RCPs and SSPs for the next generation of Earth system model runs to project future climate change. To contribute to that effort, we reflect on relevant policy and scientific research questions and suggest categories for representative emission pathways. These categories are tailored to the Paris Agreement long-term temperature goal, high-risk outcomes in the absence of further climate policy and worlds “that could have been”.
Piers M. Forster, Christopher J. Smith, Tristram Walsh, William F. Lamb, Robin Lamboll, Mathias Hauser, Aurélien Ribes, Debbie Rosen, Nathan Gillett, Matthew D. Palmer, Joeri Rogelj, Karina von Schuckmann, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Blair Trewin, Xuebin Zhang, Myles Allen, Robbie Andrew, Arlene Birt, Alex Borger, Tim Boyer, Jiddu A. Broersma, Lijing Cheng, Frank Dentener, Pierre Friedlingstein, José M. Gutiérrez, Johannes Gütschow, Bradley Hall, Masayoshi Ishii, Stuart Jenkins, Xin Lan, June-Yi Lee, Colin Morice, Christopher Kadow, John Kennedy, Rachel Killick, Jan C. Minx, Vaishali Naik, Glen P. Peters, Anna Pirani, Julia Pongratz, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, Sophie Szopa, Peter Thorne, Robert Rohde, Maisa Rojas Corradi, Dominik Schumacher, Russell Vose, Kirsten Zickfeld, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, and Panmao Zhai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2295–2327, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2295-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2295-2023, 2023
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This is a critical decade for climate action, but there is no annual tracking of the level of human-induced warming. We build on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment reports that are authoritative but published infrequently to create a set of key global climate indicators that can be tracked through time. Our hope is that this becomes an important annual publication that policymakers, media, scientists and the public can refer to.
Tomás Carrasco-Escaff, Maisa Rojas, René Darío Garreaud, Deniz Bozkurt, and Marius Schaefer
The Cryosphere, 17, 1127–1149, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1127-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1127-2023, 2023
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In this study, we investigate the interplay between climate and the Patagonian Icefields. By modeling the glacioclimatic conditions of the southern Andes, we found that the annual variations in net surface mass change experienced by these icefields are mainly controlled by annual variations in the air pressure field observed near the Drake Passage. Little dependence on main modes of variability was found, suggesting the Drake Passage as a key region for understanding the Patagonian Icefields.
Tania Villaseñor, Sergio Celis, Juan Pablo Queupil, Luisa Pinto, and Maisa Rojas
Adv. Geosci., 53, 227–244, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-227-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-227-2020, 2020
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We interviewed 12 female students to examine their experiences in geosciences at the male-dominated Universidad de Chile. The experience moved from negative to positive in the transition from the early years of college, during which they experienced gender-based discrimination, to the geoscience major within which the presence of more women improved the environment. We discuss some strategies to increase the satisfaction of female students in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM).
Álvaro González-Reyes, Claudio Bravo, Mathias Vuille, Martin Jacques-Coper, Maisa Rojas, Esteban Sagredo, and James McPhee
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-37, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-37, 2019
Publication in CP not foreseen
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The "Little Ice Age" (LIA), has long been recognized as the last period when mountain glaciers recorded extensive growth intervals. In the Mediterranean Andes (MA; 30º–37º S), the LIA has been poorly documented. Here, we performed an experiment using three GCMs to force a novel glaciological model. We simulated temporal variations of the ELA to evaluate the glacier response. We propose that Pacific SST variability was the main modulator of temporal changes of the ELA in the MA region during LIA.
Related subject area
Subject: Climate Modelling | Archive: Modelling only | Timescale: Centennial-Decadal
Utilising a multi-proxy to model comparison to constrain the season and regionally heterogeneous impacts of the Mt Samalas 1257 eruption
A multi-model assessment of the early last deglaciation (PMIP4 LDv1): a meltwater perspective
The unidentified eruption of 1809: a climatic cold case
Oceanic response to changes in the WAIS and astronomical forcing during the MIS31 superinterglacial
Assimilation of pseudo-tree-ring-width observations into an atmospheric general circulation model
Continental-scale temperature variability in PMIP3 simulations and PAGES 2k regional temperature reconstructions over the past millennium
Using simulations of the last millennium to understand climate variability seen in palaeo-observations: similar variation of Iceland–Scotland overflow strength and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
Impact of solar versus volcanic activity variations on tropospheric temperatures and precipitation during the Dalton Minimum
Changing correlation structures of the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation from 1000 to 2100 AD
Using palaeo-climate comparisons to constrain future projections in CMIP5
Consistency of the multi-model CMIP5/PMIP3-past1000 ensemble
Climate of the last millennium: ensemble consistency of simulations and reconstructions
Variability of the ocean heat content during the last millennium – an assessment with the ECHO-g Model
Climate variability of the mid- and high-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere in ensemble simulations from 1500 to 2000 AD
Evaluating climate model performance with various parameter sets using observations over the recent past
Using data assimilation to study extratropical Northern Hemisphere climate over the last millennium
Laura Wainman, Lauren R. Marshall, and Anja Schmidt
Clim. Past, 20, 951–968, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-951-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-951-2024, 2024
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The Mt Samalas eruption had global-scale impacts on climate and has been linked to historical events throughout latter half of the 13th century. Using model simulations and multi-proxy data, we constrain the year and season of the eruption to summer 1257 and investigate the regional-scale variability in surface cooling following the eruption. We also evaluate our model-to-proxy comparison framework and discuss current limitations of the approach.
Brooke Snoll, Ruza Ivanovic, Lauren Gregoire, Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Laurie Menviel, Takashi Obase, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Nathaelle Bouttes, Chengfei He, Feng He, Marie Kapsch, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Juan Muglia, and Paul Valdes
Clim. Past, 20, 789–815, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-789-2024, 2024
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Geological records show rapid climate change throughout the recent deglaciation. The drivers of these changes are still misunderstood but are often attributed to shifts in the Atlantic Ocean circulation from meltwater input. A cumulative effort to understand these processes prompted numerous simulations of this period. We use these to explain the chain of events and our collective ability to simulate them. The results demonstrate the importance of the meltwater amount used in the simulation.
Claudia Timmreck, Matthew Toohey, Davide Zanchettin, Stefan Brönnimann, Elin Lundstad, and Rob Wilson
Clim. Past, 17, 1455–1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021, 2021
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The 1809 eruption is one of the most recent unidentified volcanic eruptions with a global climate impact. We demonstrate that climate model simulations of the 1809 eruption show generally good agreement with many large-scale temperature reconstructions and early instrumental records for a range of radiative forcing estimates. In terms of explaining the spatially heterogeneous and temporally delayed Northern Hemisphere cooling suggested by tree-ring networks, the investigation remains open.
Flavio Justino, Douglas Lindemann, Fred Kucharski, Aaron Wilson, David Bromwich, and Frode Stordal
Clim. Past, 13, 1081–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1081-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1081-2017, 2017
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These modeling results have enormous implications for paleoreconstructions of the MIS31 climate that assume overall ice-free conditions in the vicinity of the Antarctic continent. Since these reconstructions may depict dominant signals in a particular time interval and locale, they cannot be assumed to geographically represent large-scale domains, and their ability to reproduce long-term environmental conditions should be considered with care.
Walter Acevedo, Bijan Fallah, Sebastian Reich, and Ulrich Cubasch
Clim. Past, 13, 545–557, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-545-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-545-2017, 2017
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The purpose of this study is to contribute to the present knowledge of paleo data assimilation techniques by addressing the following two questions: (i) Does the off-line regime naturally appear for the assimilation of tree-ring-width records into an AGCM? (ii) Is the fuzzy logic (FL)-based extension of a forward model still useful to improve the performance of a time-averaged ensemble Kalman filter technique when a climate model is used?
PAGES 2k-PMIP3 group
Clim. Past, 11, 1673–1699, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1673-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1673-2015, 2015
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A comparison of model simulations and reconstructions at the continental scale over the past millennium indicates that models are in relatively good agreement with temperature reconstructions for Northern Hemisphere regions, particularly in the Arctic. This is likely due to the relatively large amplitude of the externally forced response across northern and high-latitudes regions. Conversely, models disagree strongly with the reconstructions in the Southern Hemisphere.
K. Lohmann, J. Mignot, H. R. Langehaug, J. H. Jungclaus, D. Matei, O. H. Otterå, Y. Q. Gao, T. L. Mjell, U. S. Ninnemann, and H. F. Kleiven
Clim. Past, 11, 203–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-203-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-203-2015, 2015
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We use model simulations to investigate mechanisms of similar Iceland--Scotland overflow (outflow from the Nordic seas) and North Atlantic sea surface temperature variability, suggested from palaeo-reconstructions (Mjell et al., 2015). Our results indicate the influence of Nordic Seas surface temperature on the pressure gradient across the Iceland--Scotland ridge, not a large-scale link through the meridional overturning circulation, is responsible for the (simulated) co-variability.
J. G. Anet, S. Muthers, E. V. Rozanov, C. C. Raible, A. Stenke, A. I. Shapiro, S. Brönnimann, F. Arfeuille, Y. Brugnara, J. Beer, F. Steinhilber, W. Schmutz, and T. Peter
Clim. Past, 10, 921–938, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-921-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-921-2014, 2014
C. C. Raible, F. Lehner, J. F. González-Rouco, and L. Fernández-Donado
Clim. Past, 10, 537–550, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-537-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-537-2014, 2014
G. A. Schmidt, J. D. Annan, P. J. Bartlein, B. I. Cook, E. Guilyardi, J. C. Hargreaves, S. P. Harrison, M. Kageyama, A. N. LeGrande, B. Konecky, S. Lovejoy, M. E. Mann, V. Masson-Delmotte, C. Risi, D. Thompson, A. Timmermann, L.-B. Tremblay, and P. Yiou
Clim. Past, 10, 221–250, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-221-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-221-2014, 2014
O. Bothe, J. H. Jungclaus, and D. Zanchettin
Clim. Past, 9, 2471–2487, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2471-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2471-2013, 2013
O. Bothe, J. H. Jungclaus, D. Zanchettin, and E. Zorita
Clim. Past, 9, 1089–1110, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1089-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1089-2013, 2013
P. Ortega, M. Montoya, F. González-Rouco, H. Beltrami, and D. Swingedouw
Clim. Past, 9, 547–565, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-547-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-547-2013, 2013
S. B. Wilmes, C. C. Raible, and T. F. Stocker
Clim. Past, 8, 373–390, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-373-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-373-2012, 2012
M. F. Loutre, A. Mouchet, T. Fichefet, H. Goosse, H. Goelzer, and P. Huybrechts
Clim. Past, 7, 511–526, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-511-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-511-2011, 2011
M. Widmann, H. Goosse, G. van der Schrier, R. Schnur, and J. Barkmeijer
Clim. Past, 6, 627–644, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-627-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-627-2010, 2010
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Short summary
The South Pacific Subtropical High (SPSH) is a main feature of the South American (SA) climate. We analyzed its behavior during two extreme temperature events based on paleoclimate records and climate models. The SPSH expands (contracts) in warm (cold) periods. The changes affect other elements of the SA climate like the strength of the southerly winds and the position of the westerly wind belt. Projections indicate that this expansion and its consequences will continue during the 21st century.
The South Pacific Subtropical High (SPSH) is a main feature of the South American (SA) climate....
