Articles | Volume 11, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-855-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-855-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
11 Jun 2015
Research article |
| 11 Jun 2015
Eastern Mediterranean Sea circulation inferred from the conditions of S1 sapropel deposition
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, CEREGE UM34, 13545 Aix en Provence, France
L. Vidal
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, CEREGE UM34, 13545 Aix en Provence, France
M. Cornuault
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, CEREGE UM34, 13545 Aix en Provence, France
M. Garcia
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, CEREGE UM34, 13545 Aix en Provence, France
A. Pothin
Geoazur, UMR 7329, 06560 Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
C. Sonzogni
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, CEREGE UM34, 13545 Aix en Provence, France
E. Bard
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, CEREGE UM34, 13545 Aix en Provence, France
G. Menot
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, CEREGE UM34, 13545 Aix en Provence, France
M. Revel
Geoazur, UMR 7329, 06560 Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
Related authors
Babette A.A. Hoogakker, Catherine Davis, Yi Wang, Stephanie Kusch, Katrina Nilsson-Kerr, Dalton S. Hardisty, Allison Jacobel, Dharma Reyes Macaya, Nicolaas Glock, Sha Ni, Julio Sepúlveda, Abby Ren, Alexandra Auderset, Anya V. Hess, Katrin J. Meissner, Jorge Cardich, Robert Anderson, Christine Barras, Chandranath Basak, Harold J. Bradbury, Inda Brinkmann, Alexis Castillo, Madelyn Cook, Kassandra Costa, Constance Choquel, Paula Diz, Jonas Donnenfield, Felix J. Elling, Zeynep Erdem, Helena L. Filipsson, Sebastián Garrido, Julia Gottschalk, Anjaly Govindankutty Menon, Jeroen Groeneveld, Christian Hallmann, Ingrid Hendy, Rick Hennekam, Wanyi Lu, Jean Lynch-Stieglitz, Lélia Matos, Alfredo Martínez-García, Giulia Molina, Práxedes Muñoz, Simone Moretti, Jennifer Morford, Sophie Nuber, Svetlana Radionovskaya, Morgan Reed Raven, Christopher J. Somes, Anja S. Studer, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Raúl Tapia, Martin Tetard, Tyler Vollmer, Xingchen Wang, Shuzhuang Wu, Yan Zhang, Xin-Yuan Zheng, and Yuxin Zhou
Biogeosciences, 22, 863–957, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-863-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-863-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Paleo-oxygen proxies can extend current records, constrain pre-anthropogenic baselines, provide datasets necessary to test climate models under different boundary conditions, and ultimately understand how ocean oxygenation responds on longer timescales. Here we summarize current proxies used for the reconstruction of Cenozoic seawater oxygen levels. This includes an overview of the proxy's history, how it works, resources required, limitations, and future recommendations.
Mohamed Ayache, Jean-Claude Dutay, Anne Mouchet, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Camille Risi, and Gilles Ramstein
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6627–6655, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6627-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6627-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Water isotopes (δ18O, δD) are one of the most widely used proxies in ocean climate research. Previous studies using water isotope observations and modelling have highlighted the importance of understanding spatial and temporal isotopic variability for a quantitative interpretation of these tracers. Here we present the first results of a high-resolution regional dynamical model (at 1/12° horizontal resolution) developed for the Mediterranean Sea, one of the hotspots of ongoing climate change.
Suzanne Robinson, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Lauren J. Gregoire, Julia Tindall, Tina van de Flierdt, Yves Plancherel, Frerk Pöppelmeier, Kazuyo Tachikawa, and Paul J. Valdes
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 1231–1264, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1231-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1231-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present the implementation of neodymium (Nd) isotopes into the ocean model of FAMOUS (Nd v1.0). Nd fluxes from seafloor sediment and incorporation of Nd onto sinking particles represent the major global sources and sinks, respectively. However, model–data mismatch in the North Pacific and northern North Atlantic suggest that certain reactive components of the sediment interact the most with seawater. Our results are important for interpreting Nd isotopes in terms of ocean circulation.
Mohamed Ayache, Jean-Claude Dutay, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Thomas Arsouze, and Catherine Jeandel
Biogeosciences, 20, 205–227, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-205-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-205-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The neodymium (Nd) is one of the most useful tracers to fingerprint water mass provenance. However, the use of Nd is hampered by the lack of adequate quantification of the external sources. Here, we present the first simulation of dissolved Nd concentration and Nd isotopic composition in the Mediterranean Sea using a high-resolution model. We aim to better understand how the various external sources affect the Nd cycle and particularly assess how it is impacted by atmospheric inputs.
Suzanne Robinson, Ruza Ivanovic, Lauren Gregoire, Lachlan Astfalck, Tina van de Flierdt, Yves Plancherel, Frerk Pöppelmeier, and Kazuyo Tachikawa
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-937, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-937, 2022
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
The neodymium (Nd) isotope (εNd) scheme in the ocean model of FAMOUS is used to explore a benthic Nd flux to seawater. Our results demonstrate that sluggish modern Pacific waters are sensitive to benthic flux alterations, whereas the well-ventilated North Atlantic displays a much weaker response. In closing, there are distinct regional differences in how seawater acquires its εNd signal, in part relating to the complex interactions of Nd addition and water advection.
Clara T. Bolton, Emmeline Gray, Wolfgang Kuhnt, Ann E. Holbourn, Julia Lübbers, Katharine Grant, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Gianluca Marino, Eelco J. Rohling, Anta-Clarisse Sarr, and Nils Andersen
Clim. Past, 18, 713–738, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-713-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-713-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The timing of the initiation and evolution of the South Asian monsoon in the geological past is a subject of debate. Here, we present a new age model spanning the late Miocene (9 to 5 million years ago) and high-resolution records of past open-ocean biological productivity from the equatorial Indian Ocean that we interpret to reflect monsoon wind strength. Our data show no long-term intensification; however, strong orbital periodicities suggest insolation forcing of monsoon wind strength.
O. Cartapanis, K. Tachikawa, O. E. Romero, and E. Bard
Clim. Past, 10, 405–418, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-405-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-405-2014, 2014
K. Tachikawa, A. Timmermann, L. Vidal, C. Sonzogni, and O. E. Timm
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-1869-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-1869-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Babette A.A. Hoogakker, Catherine Davis, Yi Wang, Stephanie Kusch, Katrina Nilsson-Kerr, Dalton S. Hardisty, Allison Jacobel, Dharma Reyes Macaya, Nicolaas Glock, Sha Ni, Julio Sepúlveda, Abby Ren, Alexandra Auderset, Anya V. Hess, Katrin J. Meissner, Jorge Cardich, Robert Anderson, Christine Barras, Chandranath Basak, Harold J. Bradbury, Inda Brinkmann, Alexis Castillo, Madelyn Cook, Kassandra Costa, Constance Choquel, Paula Diz, Jonas Donnenfield, Felix J. Elling, Zeynep Erdem, Helena L. Filipsson, Sebastián Garrido, Julia Gottschalk, Anjaly Govindankutty Menon, Jeroen Groeneveld, Christian Hallmann, Ingrid Hendy, Rick Hennekam, Wanyi Lu, Jean Lynch-Stieglitz, Lélia Matos, Alfredo Martínez-García, Giulia Molina, Práxedes Muñoz, Simone Moretti, Jennifer Morford, Sophie Nuber, Svetlana Radionovskaya, Morgan Reed Raven, Christopher J. Somes, Anja S. Studer, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Raúl Tapia, Martin Tetard, Tyler Vollmer, Xingchen Wang, Shuzhuang Wu, Yan Zhang, Xin-Yuan Zheng, and Yuxin Zhou
Biogeosciences, 22, 863–957, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-863-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-863-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Paleo-oxygen proxies can extend current records, constrain pre-anthropogenic baselines, provide datasets necessary to test climate models under different boundary conditions, and ultimately understand how ocean oxygenation responds on longer timescales. Here we summarize current proxies used for the reconstruction of Cenozoic seawater oxygen levels. This includes an overview of the proxy's history, how it works, resources required, limitations, and future recommendations.
Mohamed Ayache, Jean-Claude Dutay, Anne Mouchet, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Camille Risi, and Gilles Ramstein
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6627–6655, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6627-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6627-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Water isotopes (δ18O, δD) are one of the most widely used proxies in ocean climate research. Previous studies using water isotope observations and modelling have highlighted the importance of understanding spatial and temporal isotopic variability for a quantitative interpretation of these tracers. Here we present the first results of a high-resolution regional dynamical model (at 1/12° horizontal resolution) developed for the Mediterranean Sea, one of the hotspots of ongoing climate change.
Carlo Mologni, Marie Revel, Eric Chaumillon, Emmanuel Malet, Thibault Coulombier, Pierre Sabatier, Pierre Brigode, Gwenael Hervé, Anne-Lise Develle, Laure Schenini, Medhi Messous, Gourguen Davtian, Alain Carré, Delphine Bosch, Natacha Volto, Clément Ménard, Lamya Khalidi, and Fabien Arnaud
Clim. Past, 20, 1837–1860, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1837-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The reactivity of local to regional hydrosystems to global changes remains understated in East African climate models. By reconstructing a chronicle of seasonal floods and droughts from a lacustrine sedimentary core, this paper highlights the impact of El Niño anomalies in the Awash River valley (Ethiopia). Studying regional hydrosystem feedbacks to global atmospheric anomalies is essential for better comprehending and mitigating the effects of global warming in extreme environments.
Luke Skinner, Francois Primeau, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes, Fortunat Joos, Peter Köhler, and Edouard Bard
Clim. Past, 19, 2177–2202, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2177-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2177-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Radiocarbon is best known as a dating tool, but it also allows us to track CO2 exchange between the ocean and atmosphere. Using decades of data and novel mapping methods, we have charted the ocean’s average radiocarbon ″age” since the last Ice Age. Combined with climate model simulations, these data quantify the ocean’s role in atmospheric CO2 rise since the last Ice Age while also revealing that Earth likely received far more cosmic radiation during the last Ice Age than hitherto believed.
Suzanne Robinson, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Lauren J. Gregoire, Julia Tindall, Tina van de Flierdt, Yves Plancherel, Frerk Pöppelmeier, Kazuyo Tachikawa, and Paul J. Valdes
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 1231–1264, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1231-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1231-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present the implementation of neodymium (Nd) isotopes into the ocean model of FAMOUS (Nd v1.0). Nd fluxes from seafloor sediment and incorporation of Nd onto sinking particles represent the major global sources and sinks, respectively. However, model–data mismatch in the North Pacific and northern North Atlantic suggest that certain reactive components of the sediment interact the most with seawater. Our results are important for interpreting Nd isotopes in terms of ocean circulation.
Mohamed Ayache, Jean-Claude Dutay, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Thomas Arsouze, and Catherine Jeandel
Biogeosciences, 20, 205–227, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-205-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-205-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The neodymium (Nd) is one of the most useful tracers to fingerprint water mass provenance. However, the use of Nd is hampered by the lack of adequate quantification of the external sources. Here, we present the first simulation of dissolved Nd concentration and Nd isotopic composition in the Mediterranean Sea using a high-resolution model. We aim to better understand how the various external sources affect the Nd cycle and particularly assess how it is impacted by atmospheric inputs.
Suzanne Robinson, Ruza Ivanovic, Lauren Gregoire, Lachlan Astfalck, Tina van de Flierdt, Yves Plancherel, Frerk Pöppelmeier, and Kazuyo Tachikawa
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-937, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-937, 2022
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
The neodymium (Nd) isotope (εNd) scheme in the ocean model of FAMOUS is used to explore a benthic Nd flux to seawater. Our results demonstrate that sluggish modern Pacific waters are sensitive to benthic flux alterations, whereas the well-ventilated North Atlantic displays a much weaker response. In closing, there are distinct regional differences in how seawater acquires its εNd signal, in part relating to the complex interactions of Nd addition and water advection.
Clara T. Bolton, Emmeline Gray, Wolfgang Kuhnt, Ann E. Holbourn, Julia Lübbers, Katharine Grant, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Gianluca Marino, Eelco J. Rohling, Anta-Clarisse Sarr, and Nils Andersen
Clim. Past, 18, 713–738, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-713-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-713-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The timing of the initiation and evolution of the South Asian monsoon in the geological past is a subject of debate. Here, we present a new age model spanning the late Miocene (9 to 5 million years ago) and high-resolution records of past open-ocean biological productivity from the equatorial Indian Ocean that we interpret to reflect monsoon wind strength. Our data show no long-term intensification; however, strong orbital periodicities suggest insolation forcing of monsoon wind strength.
Irene Schimmelpfennig, Joerg M. Schaefer, Jennifer Lamp, Vincent Godard, Roseanne Schwartz, Edouard Bard, Thibaut Tuna, Naki Akçar, Christian Schlüchter, Susan Zimmerman, and ASTER Team
Clim. Past, 18, 23–44, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-23-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-23-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Small mountain glaciers advance and recede as a response to summer temperature changes. Dating of glacial landforms with cosmogenic nuclides allowed us to reconstruct the advance and retreat history of an Alpine glacier throughout the past ~ 11 000 years, the Holocene. The results contribute knowledge to the debate of Holocene climate evolution, indicating that during most of this warm period, summer temperatures were similar to or warmer than in modern times.
Edouard Bard and Timothy J. Heaton
Clim. Past, 17, 1701–1725, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1701-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1701-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the 14C plateau tuning technique used to date marine sediments and determine 14C marine reservoir ages. We identify problems linked to assumptions of the technique, the assumed shapes of the 14C / 12C records, and the sparsity and uncertainties in both atmospheric and marine data. Our concerns are supported with carbon cycle box model experiments and statistical simulations, allowing us to question the ability to tune 14C age plateaus in the context of noisy and sparse data.
Nicolás E. Young, Alia J. Lesnek, Josh K. Cuzzone, Jason P. Briner, Jessica A. Badgeley, Alexandra Balter-Kennedy, Brandon L. Graham, Allison Cluett, Jennifer L. Lamp, Roseanne Schwartz, Thibaut Tuna, Edouard Bard, Marc W. Caffee, Susan R. H. Zimmerman, and Joerg M. Schaefer
Clim. Past, 17, 419–450, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-419-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-419-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) margin is exposing a bedrock landscape that holds clues regarding the timing and extent of past ice-sheet minima. We present cosmogenic nuclide measurements from recently deglaciated bedrock surfaces (the last few decades), combined with a refined chronology of southwestern Greenland deglaciation and model simulations of GrIS change. Results suggest that inland retreat of the southwestern GrIS margin was likely minimal in the middle to late Holocene.
Johann H. Jungclaus, Edouard Bard, Mélanie Baroni, Pascale Braconnot, Jian Cao, Louise P. Chini, Tania Egorova, Michael Evans, J. Fidel González-Rouco, Hugues Goosse, George C. Hurtt, Fortunat Joos, Jed O. Kaplan, Myriam Khodri, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Natalie Krivova, Allegra N. LeGrande, Stephan J. Lorenz, Jürg Luterbacher, Wenmin Man, Amanda C. Maycock, Malte Meinshausen, Anders Moberg, Raimund Muscheler, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Bette I. Otto-Bliesner, Steven J. Phipps, Julia Pongratz, Eugene Rozanov, Gavin A. Schmidt, Hauke Schmidt, Werner Schmutz, Andrew Schurer, Alexander I. Shapiro, Michael Sigl, Jason E. Smerdon, Sami K. Solanki, Claudia Timmreck, Matthew Toohey, Ilya G. Usoskin, Sebastian Wagner, Chi-Ju Wu, Kok Leng Yeo, Davide Zanchettin, Qiong Zhang, and Eduardo Zorita
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 4005–4033, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Climate model simulations covering the last millennium provide context for the evolution of the modern climate and for the expected changes during the coming centuries. They can help identify plausible mechanisms underlying palaeoclimatic reconstructions. Here, we describe the forcing boundary conditions and the experimental protocol for simulations covering the pre-industrial millennium. We describe the PMIP4 past1000 simulations as contributions to CMIP6 and additional sensitivity experiments.
Quentin Dubois-Dauphin, Paolo Montagna, Giuseppe Siani, Eric Douville, Claudia Wienberg, Dierk Hebbeln, Zhifei Liu, Nejib Kallel, Arnaud Dapoigny, Marie Revel, Edwige Pons-Branchu, Marco Taviani, and Christophe Colin
Clim. Past, 13, 17–37, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-17-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-17-2017, 2017
Lise Bonvalot, Thibaut Tuna, Yoann Fagault, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Véronique Jacob, Florie Chevrier, and Edouard Bard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13753–13772, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13753-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13753-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The contribution of fossil and non-fossil carbon sources to aerosols sampled in the Arve River valley is quantified with 14C measured by AMS with a CO2 gas source. Results show a high contribution of non-fossil carbon sources during winter, which is highly correlated to levoglucosan concentration, showing that almost all of the non-fossil carbon originates from wood combustion. This correlation is also used to separate the contributions of wood burning and biogenic emissions for summer samples.
M.-P. Ledru, W. U. Reimold, D. Ariztegui, E. Bard, A. P. Crósta, C. Riccomini, and A. O. Sawakuchi
Sci. Dril., 20, 33–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-33-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-33-2015, 2015
H. Delattre, C. Vallet-Coulomb, and C. Sonzogni
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10167–10181, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10167-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10167-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Based on summer measurements of δ18O and δD in the atmospheric vapour of a Mediterranean coastal wetland exposed to high evaporation, this paper explores the main drivers of isotopic signal variability. After having classified the data according to the main regional air mass trajectories, average diurnal cycles are discussed with regards to the contribution of local evaporation to the ground level atmospheric vapour.
A. Cauquoin, A. Landais, G. M. Raisbeck, J. Jouzel, L. Bazin, M. Kageyama, J.-Y. Peterschmitt, M. Werner, E. Bard, and ASTER Team
Clim. Past, 11, 355–367, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-355-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-355-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new 10Be record at EDC between 269 and 355ka. Our 10Be-based accumulation rate is in good agreement with the one associated with the EDC3 timescale except for the warm MIS 9.3 optimum. This suggests that temperature reconstruction from water isotopes may be underestimated by 2.4K for the difference between the MIS 9.3 and present day. The CMIP5-PMIP3 models do not quantitatively reproduce changes in precipitation vs. temperature increase during glacial–interglacial transitions.
T. Barlyaeva, E. Bard, and R. Abarca-del-Rio
Ann. Geophys., 32, 761–771, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-761-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-761-2014, 2014
O. Cartapanis, K. Tachikawa, O. E. Romero, and E. Bard
Clim. Past, 10, 405–418, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-405-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-405-2014, 2014
M. Magny, N. Combourieu-Nebout, J. L. de Beaulieu, V. Bout-Roumazeilles, D. Colombaroli, S. Desprat, A. Francke, S. Joannin, E. Ortu, O. Peyron, M. Revel, L. Sadori, G. Siani, M. A. Sicre, S. Samartin, A. Simonneau, W. Tinner, B. Vannière, B. Wagner, G. Zanchetta, F. Anselmetti, E. Brugiapaglia, E. Chapron, M. Debret, M. Desmet, J. Didier, L. Essallami, D. Galop, A. Gilli, J. N. Haas, N. Kallel, L. Millet, A. Stock, J. L. Turon, and S. Wirth
Clim. Past, 9, 2043–2071, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2043-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2043-2013, 2013
M. C. Matteuzzo, A. Alexandre, A. F. D. C. Varajão, C. Volkmer-Ribeiro, A. C. S. Almeida, C. A. C. Varajão, C. Vallet-Coulomb, C. Sonzogni, and H. Miche
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-12887-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-12887-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript not accepted
K. Tachikawa, A. Timmermann, L. Vidal, C. Sonzogni, and O. E. Timm
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-1869-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-1869-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Related subject area
Subject: Proxy Use-Development-Validation | Archive: Marine Archives | Timescale: Holocene
Glacial–interglacial seawater isotope change near the Chilean Margin as reflected by δ2H values of C37 alkenones
Upper-ocean temperature characteristics in the subantarctic southeastern Pacific based on biomarker reconstructions
Evaluation of the distributions of hydroxylated glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in Holocene Baltic Sea sediments for reconstruction of sea surface temperature: the effect of changing salinity
Technical Note: Past and future warming – direct comparison on multi-century timescales
Co-evolution of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem in the Holocene Baltic Sea
Holocene palaeoceanography of the Northeast Greenland shelf
A spectral approach to estimating the timescale-dependent uncertainty of paleoclimate records – Part 2: Application and interpretation
Evaluation of oxygen isotopes and trace elements in planktonic foraminifera from the Mediterranean Sea as recorders of seawater oxygen isotopes and salinity
A spectral approach to estimating the timescale-dependent uncertainty of paleoclimate records – Part 1: Theoretical concept
Can morphological features of coccolithophores serve as a reliable proxy to reconstruct environmental conditions of the past?
Evidence from giant-clam δ18O of intense El Ninõ–Southern Oscillation-related variability but reduced frequency 3700 years ago
Empirical estimate of the signal content of Holocene temperature proxy records
Sedproxy: a forward model for sediment-archived climate proxies
Tracing winter temperatures over the last two millennia using a north-east Atlantic coastal record
The 3.6 ka Aniakchak tephra in the Arctic Ocean: a constraint on the Holocene radiocarbon reservoir age in the Chukchi Sea
Sedimentary archives of climate and sea-level changes during the Holocene in the Rhône prodelta (NW Mediterranean Sea)
Holocene hydrological changes in the Rhône River (NW Mediterranean) as recorded in the marine mud belt
Technical note: Estimating unbiased transfer-function performances in spatially structured environments
Holocene climate variability in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lions)
Evidence for the non-influence of salinity variability on the Porites coral Sr/Ca palaeothermometer
Holocene sub-centennial evolution of Atlantic water inflow and sea ice distribution in the western Barents Sea
Long-term variations in Iceland–Scotland overflow strength during the Holocene
Seemingly divergent sea surface temperature proxy records in the central Mediterranean during the last deglaciation
Natural variability and anthropogenic effects in a Central Mediterranean core
The extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere temperature in the last two millennia: reconstructions of low-frequency variability
Tracking climate variability in the western Mediterranean during the Late Holocene: a multiproxy approach
Late Holocene climate variability in the southwestern Mediterranean region: an integrated marine and terrestrial geochemical approach
Holocene trends in the foraminifer record from the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean
Terrestrial climate variability and seasonality changes in the Mediterranean region between 15 000 and 4000 years BP deduced from marine pollen records
Katrin Hättig, Devika Varma, Stefan Schouten, and Marcel T. J. van der Meer
Clim. Past, 19, 1919–1930, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water isotopes, both hydrogen and oxygen, correlate with the salinity of the sea. Here we reconstruct the surface seawater isotopic composition during the last deglaciation based on the measured hydrogen isotopic composition of alkenones, organic compounds derived from haptophyte algae, and compared it to oxygen isotopes of calcite shells produced in the bottom water. Our results suggest that surface seawater experienced more freshening during the last 20 000 years than the bottom seawater.
Julia Rieke Hagemann, Lester Lembke-Jene, Frank Lamy, Maria-Elena Vorrath, Jérôme Kaiser, Juliane Müller, Helge W. Arz, Jens Hefter, Andrea Jaeschke, Nicoletta Ruggieri, and Ralf Tiedemann
Clim. Past, 19, 1825–1845, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1825-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1825-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Alkenones and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids (GDGTs) are common biomarkers for past water temperatures. In high latitudes, determining temperature reliably is challenging. We analyzed 33 Southern Ocean sediment surface samples and evaluated widely used global calibrations for both biomarkers. For GDGT-based temperatures, previously used calibrations best reflect temperatures >5° C; (sub)polar temperature bias necessitates a new calibration which better aligns with modern values.
Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, Lisa A. Warden, Carlo Berg, Klaus Jürgens, and Matthias Moros
Clim. Past, 18, 2271–2288, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2271-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2271-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Reconstruction of past climate conditions is important for understanding current climate change. These reconstructions are derived from proxies, enabling reconstructions of, e.g., past temperature, precipitation, vegetation, and sea surface temperature (SST). Here we investigate a recently developed SST proxy based on membrane lipids of ammonium-oxidizing archaea in the ocean. We show that low salinities substantially affect the proxy calibration by examining Holocene Baltic Sea sediments.
Darrell S. Kaufman and Nicholas P. McKay
Clim. Past, 18, 911–917, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-911-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-911-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Global mean surface temperatures are rising to levels unprecedented in over 100 000 years. This conclusion takes into account both recent global warming and likely future warming, which thereby enables a direct comparison with paleotemperature reconstructions on multi-century timescales.
Gabriella M. Weiss, Julie Lattaud, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, and Timothy I. Eglinton
Clim. Past, 18, 233–248, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-233-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-233-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we study the elemental signatures of plant wax compounds as well as molecules from algae and bacteria to understand how water sources changed over the last 11 000 years in the northeastern part of Europe surrounding the Baltic Sea. Our results show diversity in plant and aquatic microorganisms following the melting of the large ice sheet that covered northern Europe as the regional climate continued to warm. A shift in water source from ice melt to rain also occurred around the same time.
Teodora Pados-Dibattista, Christof Pearce, Henrieka Detlef, Jørgen Bendtsen, and Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz
Clim. Past, 18, 103–127, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-103-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-103-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out foraminiferal, stable isotope, and sedimentological analyses of a marine sediment core retrieved from the Northeast Greenland shelf. This region is highly sensitive to climate variability because it is swept by the East Greenland Current, which is the main pathway for sea ice and cold waters that exit the Arctic Ocean. The palaeoceanographic reconstruction reveals significant variations in the water masses and in the strength of the East Greenland Current over the last 9400 years.
Andrew M. Dolman, Torben Kunz, Jeroen Groeneveld, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 17, 825–841, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-825-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-825-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Uncertainties in climate proxy records are temporally autocorrelated. By deriving expressions for the power spectra of errors in proxy records, we can estimate appropriate uncertainties for any timescale, for example, for temporally smoothed records or for time slices. Here we outline and demonstrate this approach for climate proxies recovered from marine sediment cores.
Linda K. Dämmer, Lennart de Nooijer, Erik van Sebille, Jan G. Haak, and Gert-Jan Reichart
Clim. Past, 16, 2401–2414, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2401-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2401-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The compositions of foraminifera shells often vary with environmental parameters such as temperature or salinity; thus, they can be used as proxies for these environmental variables. Often a single proxy is influenced by more than one parameter. Here, we show that while salinity impacts shell Na / Ca, temperature has no effect. We also show that the combination of different proxies (Mg / Ca and δ18O) to reconstruct salinity does not seem to work as previously thought.
Torben Kunz, Andrew M. Dolman, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 16, 1469–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1469-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1469-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces a method to estimate the uncertainty of climate reconstructions from single sediment proxy records. The method can compute uncertainties as a function of averaging timescale, thereby accounting for the fact that some components of the uncertainty are autocorrelated in time. This is achieved by treating the problem in the spectral domain. Fully analytic expressions are derived. A companion paper (Part 2) complements this with application-oriented examples of the method.
Giulia Faucher, Ulf Riebesell, and Lennart Thomas Bach
Clim. Past, 16, 1007–1025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1007-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1007-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We designed five experiments choosing different coccolithophore species that have been evolutionarily distinct for millions of years. If all species showed the same morphological response to an environmental driver, this could be indicative of a response pattern that is conserved over geological timescales. We found an increase in the percentage of malformed coccoliths under altered CO2, providing evidence that this response could be used as paleo-proxy for episodes of acute CO2 perturbations.
Yue Hu, Xiaoming Sun, Hai Cheng, and Hong Yan
Clim. Past, 16, 597–610, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-597-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-597-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Tridacna, as the largest marine bivalves, can be used for high-resolution paleoclimate reconstruction in its carbonate skeleton. In this contribution, the modern δ18O shell is suggested to be a proxy for sea surface temperature in the Xisha Islands, South China Sea. Data from a fossil Tridacna (3673 ± 28 BP) indicate a warmer climate and intense ENSO-related variability but reduced ENSO frequency and more extreme El Niño winters compared to modern Tridacna.
Maria Reschke, Kira Rehfeld, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 15, 521–537, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-521-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-521-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We empirically estimate signal-to-noise ratios of temperature proxy records used in global compilations of the middle to late Holocene by comparing the spatial correlation structure of proxy records and climate model simulations accounting for noise and time uncertainty. We find that low signal contents of the proxy records or, alternatively, more localised climate variations recorded by proxies than suggested by current model simulations suggest caution when interpreting multi-proxy datasets.
Andrew M. Dolman and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 14, 1851–1868, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1851-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1851-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Climate proxies from marine sediments provide an important record of past temperatures, but contain noise from many sources. These include mixing by burrowing organisms, seasonal and habitat biases, measurement error, and small sample size effects. We have created a forward model that simulates the creation of proxy records and provides it as a user-friendly R package. It allows multiple sources of uncertainty to be considered together when interpreting proxy climate records.
Irina Polovodova Asteman, Helena L. Filipsson, and Kjell Nordberg
Clim. Past, 14, 1097–1118, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1097-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1097-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present 2500 years of winter temperatures, using a sediment record from Gullmar Fjord analyzed for stable oxygen isotopes in benthic foraminifera. Reconstructed temperatures are within the annual temperature variability recorded in the fjord since the 1890s. Results show the warm Roman and Medieval periods and the cold Little Ice Age. The record also shows the recent warming, which does not stand out in the 2500-year perspective and is comparable to the Roman and Medieval climate anomalies.
Christof Pearce, Aron Varhelyi, Stefan Wastegård, Francesco Muschitiello, Natalia Barrientos, Matt O'Regan, Thomas M. Cronin, Laura Gemery, Igor Semiletov, Jan Backman, and Martin Jakobsson
Clim. Past, 13, 303–316, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-303-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-303-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The eruption of the Alaskan Aniakchak volcano of 3.6 thousand years ago was one of the largest Holocene eruptions worldwide. The resulting ash is found in several Alaskan sites and as far as Newfoundland and Greenland. In this study, we found ash from the Aniakchak eruption in a marine sediment core from the western Chukchi Sea in the Arctic Ocean. Combined with radiocarbon dates on mollusks, the volcanic age marker is used to calculate the marine radiocarbon reservoir age at that time.
Anne-Sophie Fanget, Maria-Angela Bassetti, Christophe Fontanier, Alina Tudryn, and Serge Berné
Clim. Past, 12, 2161–2179, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2161-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2161-2016, 2016
Maria-Angela Bassetti, Serge Berné, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Bernard Dennielou, Yoann Alonso, Roselyne Buscail, Bassem Jalali, Bertil Hebert, and Christophe Menniti
Clim. Past, 12, 1539–1553, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1539-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1539-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This work represents the first attempt to decipher the linkages between rapid climate changes and continental Holocene paleohydrology in the NW Mediterranean shallow marine setting. Between 11 and 4 ka cal BP, terrigenous input increased and reached a maximum at 7 ka cal BP, probably as a result of a humid phase. From ca. 4 ka cal BP to the present, enhanced variability in the land-derived material is possibly due to large-scale atmospheric circulation and rainfall patterns in western Europe.
Mathias Trachsel and Richard J. Telford
Clim. Past, 12, 1215–1223, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1215-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1215-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In spatially structured environments, conventional cross validation results in over-optimistic transfer function performance estimates. H-block cross validation, where all samples within h kilometres of the test samples are omitted is a method for obtaining unbiased transfer function performance estimates. We assess three methods for determining the optimal h using simulated data and published transfer functions. Some transfer functions perform notably worse when h-block cross validation is used.
B. Jalali, M.-A. Sicre, M.-A. Bassetti, and N. Kallel
Clim. Past, 12, 91–101, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-91-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-91-2016, 2016
M. Moreau, T. Corrège, E. P. Dassié, and F. Le Cornec
Clim. Past, 11, 523–532, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-523-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-523-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The influence of salinity on the Porites Sr/Ca palaeothermometer is still poorly documented. We test the salinity effect on Porites Sr/Ca-based SST reconstructions using a large spatial compilation of published Porites data from the Pacific, Indian Ocean, and the Red Sea. We find no evidence of a salinity bias in the Sr/Ca SST proxy at monthly and interannual timescales using two different salinity products. This result is in agreement with laboratory experiments on coral species.
S. M. P. Berben, K. Husum, P. Cabedo-Sanz, and S. T. Belt
Clim. Past, 10, 181–198, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-181-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-181-2014, 2014
D. J. R. Thornalley, M. Blaschek, F. J. Davies, S. Praetorius, D. W. Oppo, J. F. McManus, I. R. Hall, H. Kleiven, H. Renssen, and I. N. McCave
Clim. Past, 9, 2073–2084, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2073-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2073-2013, 2013
M.-A. Sicre, G. Siani, D. Genty, N. Kallel, and L. Essallami
Clim. Past, 9, 1375–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1375-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1375-2013, 2013
S. Alessio, G. Vivaldo, C. Taricco, and M. Ghil
Clim. Past, 8, 831–839, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-831-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-831-2012, 2012
B. Christiansen and F. C. Ljungqvist
Clim. Past, 8, 765–786, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-765-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-765-2012, 2012
V. Nieto-Moreno, F. Martínez-Ruiz, S. Giralt, F. Jiménez-Espejo, D. Gallego-Torres, M. Rodrigo-Gámiz, J. García-Orellana, M. Ortega-Huertas, and G. J. de Lange
Clim. Past, 7, 1395–1414, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1395-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1395-2011, 2011
C. Martín-Puertas, F. Jiménez-Espejo, F. Martínez-Ruiz, V. Nieto-Moreno, M. Rodrigo, M. P. Mata, and B. L. Valero-Garcés
Clim. Past, 6, 807–816, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-807-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-807-2010, 2010
C. Andersson, F. S. R. Pausata, E. Jansen, B. Risebrobakken, and R. J. Telford
Clim. Past, 6, 179–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-179-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-179-2010, 2010
I. Dormoy, O. Peyron, N. Combourieu Nebout, S. Goring, U. Kotthoff, M. Magny, and J. Pross
Clim. Past, 5, 615–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-615-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-615-2009, 2009
Cited articles
Abu-Zied, R. H., Rohling, E. J., Jorissen, F. J., Fontanier, C., Casford, J. S. L., and Cooke, S.: Benthic foraminiferal response to changes in bottom-water oxygenation and organic carbon flux in the eastern Mediterranean during LGM to recent times, Mar. Micropaleontol., 67, 46–68, 2008.
Adkins, J., deMenocal, P., and Eshel, G.: The "African humid period" and the record of marine upwelling from excess 230Th in Ocean Drilling Program Hole 658C, Paleoceanography, 21, PA4203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001200, 2006.
Adloff, F.: Early Holocene Eastern Mediterranean Ocean Climate and the Stability of its Overturning Circulation, PhD thesis, International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling, Max Planck Institute, Hamburg, Germany, 2011.
Adloff, F., Mikolajewicz, U., Kučera, M., Grimm, R., Maier-Reimer, E., Schmiedl, G., and Emeis, K.-C.: Corrigendum to "Upper ocean climate of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea during the Holocene Insolation Maximum – a model study" published in Clim. Past, 7, 1103–1122, 2011, Clim. Past, 7, 1149–1168, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1149-2011, 2011.
Algeo, T. J. and Maynard, J. B.: Trace-element behavior and redox facies in core shales of Upper Pennsylvanian Kansas-type cyclothems, Chem. Geol., 206, 289–318, 2004.
Alley, R. B. and Ágústsdóttir, A. M.: The 8k event: cause and consequences of a major Holocene abrupt climate change, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 1123–1149, 2005.
Almogi-Labin, A., Bar-Matthews, M., Shriki, D., Kolosovsky, E., Paterne, M., Schilman, B., Ayalon, A., Aizenshtat, Z., and Matthews, A.: Climatic variability during the last 90 ka of the southern and northern Levantine Basin as evident from marine records and speleothems, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 2882–2896, 2009.
Antonov, J. I., Seidov, D., Boyer, T. P., Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Garcia, H. E., Baranova, O. K., Zweng, M. M., and Johnson, D. R.: World Ocean Atlas 2009, Volume 2: Salinity, in: NOAA Atlas NESDIS 68, edited by: Levitus, S., U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 2010.
Bayon, G., Dupre, S., Ponzevera, E., Etoubleau, J., Cheron, S., Pierre, C., Mascle, J., Boetius, A., and de Lange, G. J.: Formation of carbonate chimneys in the Mediterranean Sea linked to deep-water oxygen depletion, Nat. Geosci., 6, 755–760, 2013.
Bethoux, J. P. and Gentili, B.: Functioning of the Mediterranean Sea: past and present changes related to freshwater input and climate changes, J. Marine Syst., 20, 33–47, 1999.
Bianchi, D., Zavatarelli, M., Pinardi, N., Capozzi, R., Capotondi, L., Corselli, C., and Masina, S.: Simulations of ecosystem response during the sapropel S1 deposition event, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 235, 265–287, 2006.
Blanchet, C. L., Frank, M., and Schouten, S.: Asynchronous Changes in Vegetation, Runoff and Erosion in the Nile River Watershed during the Holocene, PLoS ONE, 9, e115958, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115958, 2014.
Calvert, S. E. and Fontugne, M. R.: On the late Pleistocene-Holocene sapropel record of climatic and oceanographic variability in the eastern Mediterranean, Paleoceanography, 16, 78–94, 2001.
Cartapanis, O., Tachikawa, K., and Bard, E.: Northeastern Pacific oxygen minimum zone variability over the past 70 kyr: impact of biological production and oceanic ventilation, Paleoceanography, 26, PA4208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011PA002126, 2011.
Cartapanis, O., Tachikawa, K., Romero, O. E., and Bard, E.: Persistent millennial-scale link between Greenland climate and northern Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zone under interglacial conditions, Clim. Past, 10, 405–418, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-405-2014, 2014.
Casford, J. S. L., Rohling, E. J., Abu-Zied, R. H., Fontanier, C., Jorissen, F. J., Leng, M. J., Schmiedl, G., and Thomson, J.: A dynamic concept for eastern Mediterranean circulation and oxygenation during sapropel formation, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 190, 103–119, 2003.
Castañeda, I. S., Schefuß, E., Pätzold, J., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., Weldeab, S., and Schouten, S.: Millennial-scale sea surface temperature changes in the eastern Mediterranean (Nile River Delta region) over the last 27 000 years, Paleoceanography, 25, PA1208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001740, 2010.
Castradori, D.: Calcareous nannofossils and the origin of eastern Mediterranean sapropels, Paleoceanography, 8, 459–471, 1993.
Chandra, A. P. and Gerson, A. R.: Pyrite (FeS2) oxidation: a sub-micron synchrotron investigation of the initial steps, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 75, 6239–6254, 2011.
Cutter, G. A., Cutter, L. S., Featherstone, A. M., and Lohrenz, S. E.: Antimony and arsenic biogeochemistry in the western Atlantic Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 48, 2895–2915, 2001.
De Lange, G. J., Thomson, J., Reitz, A., Slomp, C. P., Speranza Principato, M., Erba, E., and Corselli, C.: Synchronous basin-wide formation and redox-controlled preservation of a Mediterranean sapropel, Nat. Geosci., 1, 606–610, 2008.
deMenocal, P., Ortiz, J., Guilderson, T., Adkins, J., Sarnthein, M., Baker, L., and Yarusinsky, M.: Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period: rapid climate responses to gradual insolation forcing, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 19, 347–361, 2000.
De Rijk, S., Hayes, A., and Rohling, E. J.: Eastern Mediterranean sapropel S1 interruption: an expression of the onset of climatic deterioration around 7 ka BP, Mar. Geol., 153, 337–343, 1999.
Emeis, K.-C., Struck, U., Schulz, H.-M., Rosenberg, R., Bernasconi, S., Erlenkeuser, H., Sakamoto, T., and Martinez-Ruiz, F.: Temperature and salinity variations of Mediterranean Sea surface waters over the last 16 000 years from records of planktonic stable oxygen isotopes and alkenone unsaturation ratios, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 158, 259–280, 2000.
Emeis, K.-C., Schulz, H., Struck, U., Rossignol-Strick, M., Erlenkeuser, H., Howell, M. W., Kroon, D., Mackensen, A., Ishizuka, S., Oba, T., Sakamoto, T., and Koizumi, I.: Eastern Mediterranean surface water temperatures and δ18O composition during deposition of sapropels in the late Quaternary, Paleoceanography, 18, 1005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000PA000617, 2003.
Essallami, L., Sicre, M. A., Kallel, N., Labeyrie, L., and Siani, G.: Hydrological changes in the Mediterranean Sea over the last 30 000 years, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 8, Q07002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001587, 2007.
Fontugne, M. R. and Calvert, S. E.: Late Pleistocene Variability of the Carbon Isotopic Composition of Organic Matter in the Eastern Mediterranean: Monitor of Changes in Carbon Sources and Atmospheric CO Concentrations, Paleoceanography, 7, 1–20, 1992.
Grelaud, M., Marino, G., Ziveri, P., and Rohling, E. J.: Abrupt shoaling of the nutricline in response to massive freshwater flooding at the onset of the last interglacial sapropel event, Paleoceanography, 27, PA3208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012PA002288, 2012.
Grimm, R.: Simulating the Early Holocene Eastern Mediterranean Sapropel Formation Using an Ocean Biogeochemical Model, PhD thesis, International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling, Max Planck Institute, Hamburg, Germany, 2012.
Hartnett, H. E., Keil, R. G., Hedges, J. I., and Devol, A. H.: Influence of oxygen exposure time on organic carbon preservation in continental margin sediments, Nature, 391, 572–575, 1998.
Hennekam, R., Jilbert, T., Schnetger, B., and de Lange, G. J.: Solar forcing of Nile discharge and sapropel S1 formation in the early to middle Holocene eastern Mediterranean, Paleoceanography, 29, 2013PA002553, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013PA002553, 2014.
Herut, B., Almogi-Labin, A., Jannink, N., and Gertman, I.: The seasonal dynamics of nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations on the SE Mediterranean shelf-slope, Oceanol. Acta, 23, 771–782, 2000.
Jorissen, F. J.: Benthic foraminiferal successions across Late Quaternary Mediterranean sapropels, Mar. Geol., 153, 91–101, 1999.
Jorissen, F. J., de Stigter, H. C., and Widmark, J. G. V.: A conceptual model explaining benthic foraminiferal microhabitats, Mar. Micropaleontol., 26, 3–15, 1995.
Kallel, N., Paterne, M., Duplessy, J. C., Vergnaud-Grazzini, C., Pujol, C., Labeyrie, L. D., Arnold, M., Fontugne, M. R., and Pierre, C.: Enhanced rainfall in the Mediterranean region during the last sapropel event, Oceanol. Acta, 20, 697–712, 1997.
Klinkhammer, G. P. and Palmer, M. R.: Uranium in the oceans: where it goes and why, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 55, 1799–1806, 1991.
Kotthoff, U., Pross, J., Müller, U. C., Peyron, O., Schmiedl, G., Schulz, H., and Bordon, A.: Climatic dynamics in the borderlands of the Aegean Sea during formation of sapropel S1 deduced from a marine pollen record, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 27, 832–845, 2008.
Krom, M. D., Michard, A., Cliff, R. A., and Strohle, K.: Sources of sediment to the Ionian Sea and western Levantine basin of the Eastern Mediterranean during S-1 sapropel times, Mar. Geol., 160, 45–61, 1999.
Kuhnt, T., Schmiedl, G., Ehrmann, W., Hamann, Y., and Hemleben, C.: Deep-sea ecosystem variability of the Aegean Sea during the past 22 kyr as revealed by Benthic Foraminifera, Mar. Micropaleontol., 64, 141–162, 2007.
Kutzbach, J. E., Chen, G., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., and Liu, Z.: Potential role of winter rainfall in explaining increased moisture in the Mediterranean and Middle East during periods of maximum orbitally-forced insolation seasonality, Clim. Dynam., 42, 1079–1095, 2014.
Large, R. R., Halpin, J. A., Danyushevsky, L. V., Maslennikov, V. V., Bull, S. W., Long, J. A., Gregory, D. D., Lounejeva, E., Lyons, T. W., Sack, P. J., McGoldrick, P. J., and Calver, C. R.: Trace element content of sedimentary pyrite as a new proxy for deep-time ocean–atmosphere evolution, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 389, 209–220, 2014.
Laskar, J., Robutel, P., Joutel, F., Gastineau, M., Correia, A. C. M., and Levrard, B.: A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth, Astron. Astrophys., 428, 261–285, 2004.
Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Antonov, J. I., Boyer, T. P., Garcia, H. E., Baranova, O. K., Zweng, M. M., and Johnson, D. R.: World Ocean Atlas 2009, Volume 1: Temperature, in: NOAA Atlas NESDIS 68, edited by: Levitus, S., U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 2010.
Magny, M., Combourieu-Nebout, N., de Beaulieu, J. L., Bout-Roumazeilles, V., Colombaroli, D., Desprat, S., Francke, A., Joannin, S., Ortu, E., Peyron, O., Revel, M., Sadori, L., Siani, G., Sicre, M. A., Samartin, S., Simonneau, A., Tinner, W., Vannière, B., Wagner, B., Zanchetta, G., Anselmetti, F., Brugiapaglia, E., Chapron, E., Debret, M., Desmet, M., Didier, J., Essallami, L., Galop, D., Gilli, A., Haas, J. N., Kallel, N., Millet, L., Stock, A., Turon, J. L., and Wirth, S.: North–south palaeohydrological contrasts in the central Mediterranean during the Holocene: tentative synthesis and working hypotheses, Clim. Past, 9, 2043–2071, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2043-2013, 2013.
Marino, G., Rohling, E. J., Sangiorgi, F., Hayes, A., Casford, J. L., Lotter, A. F., Kucera, M., and Brinkhuis, H.: Early and middle Holocene in the Aegean Sea: interplay between high and low latitude climate variability, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 3246–3262, 2009.
Mayewski, P. A., Meeker, L. D., Twickler, M. S., Whitlow, S., Yang, Q., Lyons, W. B., and Prentice, M.: Major features and forcing of high-latitude Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation using a 110 000-year-long glaciochemical series, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 26345–26366, 1997.
McLennan, S. M.: Relationships between the trace element composition of sedimentary rocks and upper continental crust, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 2, 1021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GC000109, 2001.
Meijer, P. T. and Tuenter, E.: The effect of precession-induced changes in the Mediterranean freshwater budget on circulation at shallow and intermediate depth, J. Marine Syst., 68, 349–365, 2007.
Moodley, L., Middelburg, J. J., Herman, P. M. J., Soetaert, K., and de Lange, G. J.: Oxygenation and organic-matter preservation in marine sediments: direct experimental evidence from ancient organic carbon-rich deposits, Geology, 33, 889–892, 2005.
Myers, P. G. and Rohling, E. J.: Modelling a 200-yr interruption of the Holocene Sapropel S1, Quaternary Res., 53, 98–104, 2000.
Myers, P. G., Haines, K., and Rohling, E. J.: Modeling the paleocirculation of the Mediterranean: the Last Glacial Maximum and the Holocene with emphasis on the formation of sapropel S1, Paleoceanography, 13, 586–606, 1998.
Nameroff, T. J., Balistrieri, L. S., and Murray, J. W.: Suboxic trace metal geochemistry in the eastern tropical North Pacific, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 66, 1139–1158, 2002.
Passier, H. F., Middelburg, J. J., van Os, B. J. H., and de Lange, G. J.: Diagenetic pyritisation under eastern Mediterranean sapropels caused by downward sulphide diffusion, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 60, 751–763, 1996.
Pierre, C.: The oxygen and carbon isotope distribution in the Mediterranean water masses, Mar. Geol., 153, 41–55, 1999.
Pinardi, N. and Masetti, E.: Variability of the large scale general circulation of the Mediterranean Sea from observations and modelling: a review, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 158, 153–173, 2000.
Pross, J., Kotthoff, U., Müller, U. C., Peyron, O., Dormoy, I., Schmiedl, G., Kalaitzidis, S., and Smith, A. M.: Massive perturbation in terrestrial ecosystems of the Eastern Mediterranean region associated with the 8.2 kyr BP climatic event, Geology, 37, 887–890, 2009.
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Buck, C. E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Haflidason, H., Hajdas, I., Hatté, C., Heaton, T. J., Hoffmann, D. L., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kaiser, K. F., Kromer, B., Manning, S. W., Niu, M., Reimer, R. W., Richards, D. A., Scott, E. M., Southon, J. R., Staff, R. A., Turney, C. S. M., and van der Plicht, J.: IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50 000 Years cal BP, Radiocarbon, 55, 1869–1887, 2013.
Reitz, A., Thomson, J., de Lange, G. J., and Hensen, C.: Source and development of large manganese enrichments above eastern Mediterranean sapropel S1, Paleoceanography, 21, PA3007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001169, 2006.
Renssen, H., Brovkin, V., Fichefet, T., and Goosse, H.: Simulation of the Holocene climate evolution in Northern Africa: the termination of the African Humid Period, Quatern. Int., 150, 95–102, 2006.
Revel, M., Ducassou, E., Grousset, F. E., Bernasconi, S. M., Migeon, S., Revillon, S., Mascle, J., Murat, A., Zaragosi, S., and Bosch, D.: 100 000 years of African monsoon variability recorded in sediments of the Nile margin, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 1342–1362, 2010.
Revel, M., Colin, C., Bernasconi, S., Combourieu-Nebout, N., Ducassou, E., Grousset, F., Rolland, Y., Migeon, S., Bosch, D., Brunet, P., Zhao, Y., and Mascle, J.: 21 000 years of Ethiopian African monsoon variability recorded in sediments of the western Nile deep-sea fan, Reg. Environ. Change, 14, 1685–1696, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0588-x, 2014.
Roether, W., Manca, B. B., Klein, B., Bregant, D., Georgopoulos, D., Beitzei, V., Kovacevic, V., and Luchetta, A.: Recent changes in Eastern Mediterranean Deep Waters, Science, 271, 333–335, 1996.
Rohling, E. J.: Review and new aspects concerning the formation of eastern Mediterranean sapropels, Mar. Geol., 122, 1–28, 1994.
Rohling, E. J., Jorissen, F. J., and De Stigter, H. C.: 200 year interruption of Holocene sapropel formation in the Adriatic Sea, J. Micropalaeontol., 16, 97–108, 1997.
Rohling, E. J., Mayewski, P., Abu-Zied, R., Casford, J., and Hayes, A.: Holocene atmosphere–ocean interactions: records from Greenland and the Aegean Sea, Clim. Dynam., 18, 587–593, 2002.
Rohling, E. J., Marino, G., and Grant, K. M.: Mediterranean climate and oceanography, and the periodic development of anoxic events (sapropels), Earth-Sci. Rev., 143, 62–97, 2015.
Rossignol-Strick, M., Nesteroff, W., Olive, P., and Vergnaud-Grazzinni, C.: After the deluge: mediterranean stagnation and sapropel formation, Nature, 295, 105–110, 1982.
Schlitzer, R. (Ed.): Ocean Data View, available at: http://odv.awi.de, last access: September 2014, 2009.
Schmiedl, G., Kuhnt, T., Ehrmann, W., Emeis, K.-C., Hamann, Y., Kotthoff, U., Dulski, P., and Pross, J.: Climatic forcing of eastern Mediterranean deep-water formation and benthic ecosystems during the past 22 000 years, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 3006–3020, 2010.
Shimmield, G. B. and Price, N. B.: The behaviour of molybdenum and manganese during early sediment diagenesis – offshore Baja California, Mexico, Mar. Chem., 19, 261–280, 1986.
Siani, G., Paterne, M., Arnold, M., Bard, E., Mativier, B., Tisnerat, N., and Bassinot, F.: Radiocarbon reservoir ages in the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, Radiocarbon, 42, 271–280, 2000.
Siani, G., Paterne, M., Michel, E., Sulpizio, R., Sbrana, A., Arnold, M., and Haddad, G.: Mediterranean Sea surface radiocarbon reservoir age changes since the last glacial maximum, Science, 294, 1917–1920, 2001.
Siani, G., Magny, M., Paterne, M., Debret, M., and Fontugne, M.: Paleohydrology reconstruction and Holocene climate variability in the South Adriatic Sea, Clim. Past, 9, 499–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-499-2013, 2013.
Soulet, G., Menot, G., Lericolais, G., and Bard, E.: A revised calendar age for the last reconnection of the Black Sea to the global ocean, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 1019–1026, 2011.
Stratford, K., Williams, R. G., and Myers, P. G.: Impact of the circulation on Sapropel Formation in the eastern Mediterranean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 14, 683–695, 2000.
Stuiver, M. and Reimer, P. J.: CALIB Radiocarbon Calibration Program, available at: http://calib.qub.ac.uk/calib/, last access: September 2014, 1986–2013.
Thomson, J., Higgs, N. C., Wilson, T. R. S., Croudace, I. W., De Lange, G. J., and Van Santvoort, P. J. M.: Redistribution and geochemical behaviour of redox-sensitive elements around S1, the most recent eastern Mediterranean sapropel, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 59, 3487–3501, 1995.
Thomson, J., Mercone, D., De Lange, G. J., and Van Santvoort, P. J. M.: Review of recent advances in the interpretation of eastern Mediterranean sapropel S1 from geochemical evidence, Mar. Geol., 153, 77–89, 1999.
Tjallingii, R., Röhl, U., Kolling, M., and Bickert, T.: Influence of the water content on X-ray fluorescence core-scanning measurements in soft marine sediments, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 8, Q02004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GC001393, 2007.
Tomczak, M. and Godfrey, J. S.: Regional Oceanography: an Introduction, Elsevier, Oxford, 1994.
Tribovillard, N., Algeo, T. J., Lyons, T., and Riboulleau, A.: Trace metals as paleoredox and paleoproductivity proxies: an update, Chem. Geol., 232, 12–32, 2006.
van Santvoort, P. J. M., de Lange, G. J., Thomson, J., Cussen, H., Wilson, T. R. S., Krom, M. D., and Ströhle, K.: Active post-depositional oxidation of the most recent sapropel (S1) in sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 60, 4007–4024, 1996.
Vidal, L., Menot, G., Joly, C., Bruneton, H., Rostek, F., Cagatay, M. N., Major, C., and Bard, E.: Hydrology in the Sea of Marmara during the last 23 ka: implications for timing of Black Sea connections and sapropel deposition, Paleoceanography, 25, PA1205, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001735, 2010.
Waelbroeck, C., Labeyrie, L., Michel, E., Duplessy, J.-C., McManus, J. F., Lambeck, K., Balbon, E., and Labrancherie, M.: Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 21, 295–305, 2002.
Wehausen, R. and Brumsack, H.-J.: Chemical cycles in Pliocene sapropel-bearing and sapropel-barren eastern Mediterranean sediments, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 158, 325–352, 2000.
Weldeab, S., Menke, V., and Schmiedl, G.: The pace of East African monsoon evolution during the Holocene, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 1724–1731, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059361, 2014.
Ziegler, M., Jilbert, T., de Lange, G. J., Lourens, L. J., and Reichart, G.-J.: Bromine counts from XRF scanning as an estimate of the marine organic carbon content of sediment cores, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 9, Q05009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001932, 2008.
Ziegler, M., Tuenter, E., and Lourens, L. J.: The precession phase of the boreal summer monsoon as viewed from the eastern Mediterranean (ODP Site 968), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 1481–1490, 2010.
Special issue