Articles | Volume 9, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-223-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-223-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Palynological evidence for gradual vegetation and climate changes during the African Humid Period termination at 13°N from a Mega-Lake Chad sedimentary sequence
P. G. C. Amaral
CEREGE, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, Europôle Méditerranéen de l'Arbois, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France
A. Vincens
CEREGE, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, Europôle Méditerranéen de l'Arbois, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France
CEREGE, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, Europôle Méditerranéen de l'Arbois, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France
G. Buchet
CEREGE, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, Europôle Méditerranéen de l'Arbois, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France
P. Deschamps
CEREGE, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, Europôle Méditerranéen de l'Arbois, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France
J.-C. Doumnang
Département des Sciences de la Terre, Université de N'Djamena (UNDT) BP 1027 N'Djamena, Chad
F. Sylvestre
CEREGE, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, Europôle Méditerranéen de l'Arbois, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France
Related authors
No articles found.
Philip Meister, Anne Alexandre, Hannah Bailey, Philip Barker, Boris K. Biskaborn, Ellie Broadman, Rosine Cartier, Bernhard Chapligin, Martine Couapel, Jonathan R. Dean, Bernhard Diekmann, Poppy Harding, Andrew C. G. Henderson, Armand Hernandez, Ulrike Herzschuh, Svetlana S. Kostrova, Jack Lacey, Melanie J. Leng, Andreas Lücke, Anson W. Mackay, Eniko Katalin Magyari, Biljana Narancic, Cécile Porchier, Gunhild Rosqvist, Aldo Shemesh, Corinne Sonzogni, George E. A. Swann, Florence Sylvestre, and Hanno Meyer
Clim. Past, 20, 363–392, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-363-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-363-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the first comprehensive compilation of diatom oxygen isotope records in lake sediments (δ18OBSi), supported by lake basin parameters. We infer the spatial and temporal coverage of δ18OBSi records and discuss common hemispheric trends on centennial and millennial timescales. Key results are common patterns for hydrologically open lakes in Northern Hemisphere extratropical regions during the Holocene corresponding to known climatic epochs, i.e. the Holocene Thermal Maximum.
Joel Guiot, Nicolas Bernigaud, Alberte Bondeau, Laurent Bouby, and Wolfgang Cramer
Clim. Past, 19, 1219–1244, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1219-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1219-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the Mediterranean the vine has been an important part of the economy since Roman times. Viticulture expanded within Gaul during warmer climate phases and regressed during cold periods. Now it is spreading strongly to northern Europe and suffering from drought in North Africa, Spain, and southern Italy. This will worsen if global warming exceeds 2 °C above the preindustrial period. While the driver of this is increased greenhouse gases, we show that the main past forcing was volcanic activity.
Pierre Seraphin, Julio Gonçalvès, Bruno Hamelin, Thomas Stieglitz, and Pierre Deschamps
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5757–5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5757-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5757-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses the detailed water budget of the Saq–Ram Aquifer System using satellite gravity data. Spatial heterogeneities regarding the groundwater recharge were identified: (i) irrigation excess is great enough to artificially recharge the aquifer; and (ii) volcanic lava deposits, which cover 8% of the domain, contribute to more than 50% of the total natural recharge. This indicates a major control of geological context on arid aquifer recharge, which has been poorly discussed hitherto.
Jeanne Rezsöhazy, Quentin Dalaiden, François Klein, Hugues Goosse, and Joël Guiot
Clim. Past, 18, 2093–2115, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2093-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2093-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using statistical tree-growth proxy system models in the data assimilation framework may have limitations. In this study, we successfully incorporate the process-based dendroclimatic model MAIDEN into a data assimilation procedure to robustly compare the outputs of an Earth system model with tree-ring width observations. Important steps are made to demonstrate that using MAIDEN as a proxy system model is a promising way to improve large-scale climate reconstructions with data assimilation.
Patrick Boyden, Jennifer Weil-Accardo, Pierre Deschamps, Davide Oppo, and Alessio Rovere
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1633–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1633-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1633-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sea levels during the last interglacial (130 to 73 ka) are seen as possible process analogs for future sea-level-rise scenarios as our world warms. To this end we catalog previously published ancient shoreline elevations and chronologies in a standardized data format for East Africa and the Western Indian Ocean region. These entries were then contributed to the greater World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines database.
Clément Flaux, Matthieu Giaime, Valérie Pichot, Nick Marriner, Mena el-Assal, Abel Guihou, Pierre Deschamps, Christelle Claude, and Christophe Morhange
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 70, 93–104, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-70-93-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-70-93-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Lake Mareotis (NW Nile delta, Egypt) was a gateway between the Nile valley and the Mediterranean during Greco-Roman times. The hydrological evolution of Lake Mareotis was reconstructed using lake sediments and archaeological archives. The data show both a rise in Nile inputs to the basin during the first millennia BC and AD and a lake-level rise of ca. 1.5 m during the Roman period. A high-energy deposit such as a tsunami also possibly affected Alexandria's lacustrine hinterland.
Antonin Bilau, Yann Rolland, Stéphane Schwartz, Nicolas Godeau, Abel Guihou, Pierre Deschamps, Benjamin Brigaud, Aurélie Noret, Thierry Dumont, and Cécile Gautheron
Solid Earth, 12, 237–251, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-237-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-237-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
As a result of the collision between the European and Apulian plates, the Alps have experienced several evolutionary stages. The Penninic frontal thrust (PFT) (major thrust) was associated with compression, and now seismic studies show ongoing extensional activity. Calcite mineralization associated with shortening and extensional structures was sampled. The last deformation stages are dated by U–Pb on calcite at ~ 3.5 and ~ 2.5 Ma. Isotope analysis evidences deep crustal fluid mobilization.
Jeanne Rezsöhazy, Hugues Goosse, Joël Guiot, Fabio Gennaretti, Etienne Boucher, Frédéric André, and Mathieu Jonard
Clim. Past, 16, 1043–1059, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1043-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1043-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Tree rings are the main data source for climate reconstructions over the last millennium. Statistical tree-growth models have limitations that process-based models could overcome. Here, we investigate the possibility of using a process-based ecophysiological model (MAIDEN) as a complex proxy system model for palaeoclimate applications. We show its ability to simulate tree-growth index time series that can fit robustly tree-ring width observations under certain conditions.
Chloé Poulin, Bruno Hamelin, Christine Vallet-Coulomb, Guinbe Amngar, Bichara Loukman, Jean-François Cretaux, Jean-Claude Doumnang, Abdallah Mahamat Nour, Guillemette Menot, Florence Sylvestre, and Pierre Deschamps
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1705–1724, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1705-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1705-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the water budget of two intertropical lake systems in the absence of long-term hydrological monitoring. By coupling dry season isotopic data with satellite imagery, we were able to provide quantitative constrains on the hydrological balance and show that these two lake systems can be considered miniature analogs of Lake Chad, making them important targets in the future setup of any large-scale program on the hydro-climatic evolution in the Sahel region.
Rosine Cartier, Florence Sylvestre, Christine Paillès, Corinne Sonzogni, Martine Couapel, Anne Alexandre, Jean-Charles Mazur, Elodie Brisset, Cécile Miramont, and Frédéric Guiter
Clim. Past, 15, 253–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-253-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-253-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A major environmental change, 4200 years ago, was recorded in the lacustrine sediments of Lake Petit (Mediterranean Alps). The regime shift was described by a modification in erosion processes in the watershed and aquatic species in the lake. This study, based on the analysis of the lake water balance by using oxygen isotopes in diatoms, revealed that these environmental responses were due to a rapid change in precipitation regime, lasting ca. 500 years.
Florence Sylvestre, Mathieu Schuster, Hendrik Vogel, Moussa Abdheramane, Daniel Ariztegui, Ulrich Salzmann, Antje Schwalb, Nicolas Waldmann, and the ICDP CHADRILL Consortium
Sci. Dril., 24, 71–78, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-24-71-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-24-71-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
CHADRILL aims to recover a sedimentary core spanning the Miocene–Pleistocene sediment succession of Lake Chad through deep drilling. This record will provide significant insights into the modulation of orbitally forced changes in northern African hydroclimate under different climate boundary conditions and the most continuous climatic and environmental record to be compared with hominid migrations across northern Africa and the implications for understanding human evolution.
David Kaniewski, Nick Marriner, Rachid Cheddadi, Joël Guiot, and Elise Van Campo
Clim. Past, 14, 1529–1542, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1529-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1529-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Studies have long suggested that a protracted drought phase, termed the 4.2 ka BP event, directly impacted subsistence systems (dry farming agro-production, pastoral nomadism, and fishing) and outlying nomad habitats, forcing rain-fed cereal agriculturalists into habitat-tracking when agro-innovations were not available. Here, we focus on this crucial period to examine whether drought was active in the eastern Mediterranean Old World, especially in the Levant.
Aliénor Lavergne, Fabio Gennaretti, Camille Risi, Valérie Daux, Etienne Boucher, Martine M. Savard, Maud Naulier, Ricardo Villalba, Christian Bégin, and Joël Guiot
Clim. Past, 13, 1515–1526, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1515-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1515-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Tree rings are long-term recorders of past climate variations, but the origin of the climate signals imprinted is difficult to interpret. Here, using a complex model we show that the temperature signal recorded in tree rings from two species from North and South America is likely related to processes occurring at the leaf level. This result contributes to the quantitative interpretation of these proxies for their future exploitation for millennium-scale climate reconstructions.
Fabio Gennaretti, Guillermo Gea-Izquierdo, Etienne Boucher, Frank Berninger, Dominique Arseneault, and Joel Guiot
Biogeosciences, 14, 4851–4866, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4851-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4851-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A model–data fusion approach is used to study how boreal forests assimilate and allocate carbon depending on weather/climate conditions. First, we adapted the MAIDEN ecophysiological forest model to consider important processes for boreal tree species. We tested the modifications on black spruce gross primary production and ring width data. We show that MAIDEN is a powerful tool for understanding how environmental factors interact with tree ecophysiology to influence boreal forest carbon fluxes.
María Fernanda Sánchez Goñi, Stéphanie Desprat, Anne-Laure Daniau, Frank C. Bassinot, Josué M. Polanco-Martínez, Sandy P. Harrison, Judy R. M. Allen, R. Scott Anderson, Hermann Behling, Raymonde Bonnefille, Francesc Burjachs, José S. Carrión, Rachid Cheddadi, James S. Clark, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Colin. J. Courtney Mustaphi, Georg H. Debusk, Lydie M. Dupont, Jemma M. Finch, William J. Fletcher, Marco Giardini, Catalina González, William D. Gosling, Laurie D. Grigg, Eric C. Grimm, Ryoma Hayashi, Karin Helmens, Linda E. Heusser, Trevor Hill, Geoffrey Hope, Brian Huntley, Yaeko Igarashi, Tomohisa Irino, Bonnie Jacobs, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Sayuri Kawai, A. Peter Kershaw, Fujio Kumon, Ian T. Lawson, Marie-Pierre Ledru, Anne-Marie Lézine, Ping Mei Liew, Donatella Magri, Robert Marchant, Vasiliki Margari, Francis E. Mayle, G. Merna McKenzie, Patrick Moss, Stefanie Müller, Ulrich C. Müller, Filipa Naughton, Rewi M. Newnham, Tadamichi Oba, Ramón Pérez-Obiol, Roberta Pini, Cesare Ravazzi, Katy H. Roucoux, Stephen M. Rucina, Louis Scott, Hikaru Takahara, Polichronis C. Tzedakis, Dunia H. Urrego, Bas van Geel, B. Guido Valencia, Marcus J. Vandergoes, Annie Vincens, Cathy L. Whitlock, Debra A. Willard, and Masanobu Yamamoto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 679–695, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-679-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-679-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The ACER (Abrupt Climate Changes and Environmental Responses) global database includes 93 pollen records from the last glacial period (73–15 ka) plotted against a common chronology; 32 also provide charcoal records. The database allows for the reconstruction of the regional expression, vegetation and fire of past abrupt climate changes that are comparable to those expected in the 21st century. This work is a major contribution to understanding the processes behind rapid climate change.
Nesibe Köse, H. Tuncay Güner, Grant L. Harley, and Joel Guiot
Clim. Past, 13, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1-2017, 2017
Camille Bouchez, Julio Goncalves, Pierre Deschamps, Christine Vallet-Coulomb, Bruno Hamelin, Jean-Claude Doumnang, and Florence Sylvestre
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1599–1619, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1599-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1599-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Flows out of Lake Chad are constrained by a modeling of the hydrological, chemical, and isotopic budgets, based on a review of existing data along with new data. This innovative approach allows one to determine the proportions of evaporation, transpiration, and infiltration out of the lake while the two last flows are often neglected in semi-arid environments. Moreover, it allows to investigate the lake hydrological and chemical regulations under the large climatic changes in Sahel since 1950.
G. Gea-Izquierdo, F. Guibal, R. Joffre, J. M. Ourcival, G. Simioni, and J. Guiot
Biogeosciences, 12, 3695–3712, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3695-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3695-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a process-based model for evergreen Mediterranean forests. We used multiproxy data including eddy covariance CO2 flux and annual growth dendrochronological time series. The model explicitly takes into account the influence of climatic variability to calculate photosynthesis and carbon allocation. We analyzed long-time acclimation processes and climatic trade-offs between the C-source and the C-sink. There is much potentiality to apply the model at a larger scale.
É. Boucher, J. Guiot, C. Hatté, V. Daux, P.-A. Danis, and P. Dussouillez
Biogeosciences, 11, 3245–3258, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3245-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3245-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Vegetation Dynamics | Archive: Terrestrial Archives | Timescale: Holocene
Refining data–data and data–model vegetation comparisons using the Earth mover's distance (EMD)
Palynological evidence reveals an arid early Holocene for the northeast Tibetan Plateau
Holocene wildfire regimes in western Siberia: interaction between peatland moisture conditions and the composition of plant functional types
2400 years of climate and human-induced environmental change recorded in sediments of Lake Młynek in northern Poland
Climate impacts on vegetation and fire dynamics since the last deglaciation at Moossee (Switzerland)
The 4.2 ka event in the vegetation record of the central Mediterranean
Vegetation and geochemical responses to Holocene rapid climate change in the Sierra Nevada (southeastern Iberia): the Laguna Hondera record
Response of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica to water change and drought history reconstruction in the past 260 years, northeast China
Vegetation history and paleoclimate at Lake Dojran (FYROM/Greece) during the Late Glacial and Holocene
Holocene climate aridification trend and human impact interrupted by millennial- and centennial-scale climate fluctuations from a new sedimentary record from Padul (Sierra Nevada, southern Iberian Peninsula)
Dendrochronologically dated pine stumps document phase-wise bog expansion at a northwest German site between ca. 6700 and ca. 3400 BC
Autumn–winter minimum temperature changes in the southern Sikhote-Alin mountain range of northeastern Asia since 1529 AD
Postglacial fire history and interactions with vegetation and climate in southwestern Yunnan Province of China
Precipitation changes in the Mediterranean basin during the Holocene from terrestrial and marine pollen records: a model–data comparison
Environmental changes, climate and anthropogenic impact in south-east Tunisia during the last 8 kyr
Climate variability and human impact in South America during the last 2000 years: synthesis and perspectives from pollen records
Holocene Asian monsoon evolution revealed by a pollen record from an alpine lake on the southeastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China
7300 years of vegetation history and climate for NW Malta: a Holocene perspective
Climate-driven expansion of blanket bogs in Britain during the Holocene
Late Holocene vegetation changes in relation with climate fluctuations and human activity in Languedoc (southern France)
Effects of past climate variability on fire and vegetation in the cerrãdo savanna of the Huanchaca Mesetta, NE Bolivia
Environmental and climatic changes in central Chilean Patagonia since the Late Glacial (Mallín El Embudo, 44° S)
Quantitative reconstruction of precipitation changes on the NE Tibetan Plateau since the Last Glacial Maximum – extending the concept of pollen source area to pollen-based climate reconstructions from large lakes
The last 7 millennia of vegetation and climate changes at Lago di Pergusa (central Sicily, Italy)
Contrasting patterns of climatic changes during the Holocene across the Italian Peninsula reconstructed from pollen data
Climate and vegetation changes during the Lateglacial and early–middle Holocene at Lake Ledro (southern Alps, Italy)
The Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age in the eastern Ecuadorian Andes
Climate, people, fire and vegetation: new insights into vegetation dynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean since the 1st century AD
Pollen-based reconstruction of Holocene vegetation and climate in southern Italy: the case of Lago Trifoglietti
Vegetation history of central Chukotka deduced from permafrost paleoenvironmental records of the El'gygytgyn Impact Crater
A seesaw in Mediterranean precipitation during the Roman Period linked to millennial-scale changes in the North Atlantic
Hydroclimate variability in the low-elevation Atacama Desert over the last 2500 yr
Pollen, vegetation change and climate at Lake Barombi Mbo (Cameroon) during the last ca. 33 000 cal yr BP: a numerical approach
Late Holocene plant and climate evolution at Lake Yoa, northern Chad: pollen data and climate simulations
Holocene vegetation and biomass changes on the Tibetan Plateau – a model-pollen data comparison
Vegetation response to the "African Humid Period" termination in Central Cameroon (7° N) – new pollen insight from Lake Mbalang
Putting the rise of the Inca Empire within a climatic and land management context
Manuel Chevalier, Anne Dallmeyer, Nils Weitzel, Chenzhi Li, Jean-Philippe Baudouin, Ulrike Herzschuh, Xianyong Cao, and Andreas Hense
Clim. Past, 19, 1043–1060, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1043-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1043-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Data–data and data–model vegetation comparisons are commonly based on comparing single vegetation estimates. While this approach generates good results on average, reducing pollen assemblages to single single plant functional type (PFT) or biome estimates can oversimplify the vegetation signal. We propose using a multivariate metric, the Earth mover's distance (EMD), to include more details about the vegetation structure when performing such comparisons.
Nannan Wang, Lina Liu, Xiaohuan Hou, Yanrong Zhang, Haicheng Wei, and Xianyong Cao
Clim. Past, 18, 2381–2399, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2381-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2381-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the vegetation and climate change since the last 14.2 ka BP from a fossil pollen record together with multiple proxies (grain size, contents of total organic carbon and total nitrogen) on the northeast Tibetan Plateau. The results reveal that an arid climate occurs in the early Holocene and the vegetation could be disturbed by human activities to some extent after ca. 0.24 ka BP (1710 CE).
Angelica Feurdean, Andrei-Cosmin Diaconu, Mirjam Pfeiffer, Mariusz Gałka, Simon M. Hutchinson, Geanina Butiseaca, Natalia Gorina, Spassimir Tonkov, Aidin Niamir, Ioan Tantau, Hui Zhang, and Sergey Kirpotin
Clim. Past, 18, 1255–1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1255-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1255-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We used palaeoecological records from peatlands in southern Siberia. We showed that warmer climate conditions have lowered the water level and increased the fuel amount and flammability, consequently also increasing the frequency and severity of fires as well as the composition of tree types.
Fabian Welc, Jerzy Nitychoruk, Leszek Marks, Krzysztof Bińka, Anna Rogóż-Matyszczak, Milena Obremska, and Abdelfattah Zalat
Clim. Past, 17, 1181–1198, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1181-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1181-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Młynek Lake, located near the village of Janiki Wielkie (in the Warmia and Masuria region of north-east Poland) has been selected for multi-faceted palaeoenvironmental research based on a precise radiocarbon scale. Bottom sediments of this reservoir also contain unique information about anthropogenic activity and climate changes during last 2400 years.
Fabian Rey, Erika Gobet, Christoph Schwörer, Albert Hafner, Sönke Szidat, and Willy Tinner
Clim. Past, 16, 1347–1367, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1347-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1347-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present a novel post Last Glacial Maximum sediment record from Moossee (Swiss Plateau, southern central Europe). For the first time, five major reorganizations of vegetation could be definitely linked to paramount postglacial temperature and/or moisture changes. Present-day beech-dominated forests have been resilient to long-term climate change and human land use. They may prevail in future if climate warming does not exceed the amplitude of Mid Holocene temperature and moisture variability.
Federico Di Rita and Donatella Magri
Clim. Past, 15, 237–251, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-237-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-237-2019, 2019
Jose M. Mesa-Fernández, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Marta Rodrigo-Gámiz, Antonio García-Alix, Francisco J. Jiménez-Espejo, Francisca Martínez-Ruiz, R. Scott Anderson, Jon Camuera, and María J. Ramos-Román
Clim. Past, 14, 1687–1706, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1687-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1687-2018, 2018
Liangjun Zhu, Qichao Yao, David J. Cooper, Shijie Han, and Xiaochun Wang
Clim. Past, 14, 1213–1228, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1213-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1213-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a 260-year tree-ring-based PDSI reconstruction for the central Daxing'an Mountains, northeast China. A warm–wet pattern was identified for the Daxing'an Mountains in recent decades, while a warm–dry pattern was found for the Mongolian Plateau. Overall, the dry/wet variability of the Daxing'an Mountains and its relationship with the surrounding areas might be driven by Pacific and Atlantic Ocean oscillations.
Alessia Masi, Alexander Francke, Caterina Pepe, Matthias Thienemann, Bernd Wagner, and Laura Sadori
Clim. Past, 14, 351–367, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-351-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-351-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The first high-resolution Lake Dojran pollen record for the last 12 500 years is presented. The ecological succession shows Late Glacial steppe vegetation gradually replaced, since 11 500 yr BP, by Holocene mesophilous forests. The first human traces are recorded around 5000 yr BP and increased considerably since the Bronze Age. Pollen data and sedimentological, biomarker and diatom data available from the same core contribute to an understanding of the environmental history of the Balkans.
María J. Ramos-Román, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Jon Camuera, Antonio García-Alix, R. Scott Anderson, Francisco J. Jiménez-Espejo, and José S. Carrión
Clim. Past, 14, 117–137, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-117-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-117-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we carried out a multiproxy high-resolution analysis on a sediment record from the Padul Basin in the Sierra Nevada (southern Iberian Peninsula). Padul is a classical and very unique site from the Mediterranean area as it contains a very long and continuous Quaternary sedimentary record. However, the uppermost part of the record was never recovered. In this study we focus on the last 4700 cal yr BP of Holocene climate variability and human activity in the Mediterranean area.
Inke Elisabeth Maike Achterberg, Jan Eckstein, Bernhard Birkholz, Andreas Bauerochse, and Hanns Hubert Leuschner
Clim. Past, 14, 85–100, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-85-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-85-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
At a bog site at Totes Moor in northwest Germany a layer of pine tree stumps at the fen–bog transition was exposed by peat mining. The lateral expansion of ombrotrophic bog between 6703 BC and 3403 BC was reconstructed using the locations and dendrochronological dates of the tree stumps. The spatial pattern relates to the elevation a.s.l. of the mineral base beneath the peat. The temporal distribution of bog expansion pulses relates to climatic variation.
Olga N. Ukhvatkina, Alexander M. Omelko, Alexander A. Zhmerenetsky, and Tatyana Y. Petrenko
Clim. Past, 14, 57–71, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-57-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-57-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the minimum temperature for 505 years and found cold and warm periods, which correlate with reconstructed data for the Northern Hemisphere and neighboring territories. Our reconstructions are reflected in the fluctuations in ENSO, the short-term solar cycle, PDO, and the de Vries 200-year solar activity cycle. This is the first temperature reconstruction for this region and it is important for studying the climatic processes in the study region and in all of northeastern Asia.
Xiayun Xiao, Simon G. Haberle, Ji Shen, Bin Xue, Mark Burrows, and Sumin Wang
Clim. Past, 13, 613–627, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-613-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-613-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge of the past fire activity is a key for making sustainable management policies for forest ecosystems. A high-resolution macroscopic charcoal record from southwestern China reveals the postglacial fire history. Combined with the regional climate records and vegetation histories, it is concluded that fire was mainly controlled by climate before 4.3 ka and by combined action of climate and humans after 4.3 ka, and the relationship between fire activity and vegetation were also examined.
Odile Peyron, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, David Brayshaw, Simon Goring, Valérie Andrieu-Ponel, Stéphanie Desprat, Will Fletcher, Belinda Gambin, Chryssanthi Ioakim, Sébastien Joannin, Ulrich Kotthoff, Katerina Kouli, Vincent Montade, Jörg Pross, Laura Sadori, and Michel Magny
Clim. Past, 13, 249–265, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-249-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-249-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to reconstruct the climate evolution of the Mediterranean region during the Holocene from pollen data and model outputs. The model- and pollen-inferred precipitation estimates show overall agreement: the eastern Medit. experienced wetter-than-present summer conditions during the early–late Holocene. This regional climate model highlights how the patchy nature of climate signals and data in the Medit. may lead to stronger local signals than the large-scale pattern suggests.
Sahbi Jaouadi, Vincent Lebreton, Viviane Bout-Roumazeilles, Giuseppe Siani, Rached Lakhdar, Ridha Boussoffara, Laurent Dezileau, Nejib Kallel, Beya Mannai-Tayech, and Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout
Clim. Past, 12, 1339–1359, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1339-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1339-2016, 2016
S. G. A. Flantua, H. Hooghiemstra, M. Vuille, H. Behling, J. F. Carson, W. D. Gosling, I. Hoyos, M. P. Ledru, E. Montoya, F. Mayle, A. Maldonado, V. Rull, M. S. Tonello, B. S. Whitney, and C. González-Arango
Clim. Past, 12, 483–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-483-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-483-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper serves as a guide to high-quality pollen records in South America that capture environmental variability during the last 2 millennia. We identify the pollen records suitable for climate modelling and discuss their sensitivity to the spatial signature of climate modes. Furthermore, evidence for human land use in pollen records is useful for archaeological hypothesis testing and important in distinguishing natural from anthropogenically driven vegetation change.
Enlou Zhang, Yongbo Wang, Weiwei Sun, and Ji Shen
Clim. Past, 12, 415–427, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-415-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-415-2016, 2016
B. Gambin, V. Andrieu-Ponel, F. Médail, N. Marriner, O. Peyron, V. Montade, T. Gambin, C. Morhange, D. Belkacem, and M. Djamali
Clim. Past, 12, 273–297, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-273-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-273-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the study of ancient microfossils, such as pollen and spores, this paper explores climate change in a Mediterranean island context. Using a multi-disciplinary approach this original research corroborates existing archaeological and historical data. It also uses comparative data from elsewhere in the central Mediterranean to ensure that the current research is placed within the appropriate geographic context.
A. V. Gallego-Sala, D. J. Charman, S. P. Harrison, G. Li, and I. C. Prentice
Clim. Past, 12, 129–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-129-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-129-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
It has become a well-established paradigm that blanket bog landscapes in the British Isles are a result of forest clearance by early human populations. We provide a novel test of this hypothesis using results from bioclimatic modelling driven by cimate reconstructions compared with a database of peat initiation dates. Both results show similar patterns of peat initiation over time and space. This suggests that climate was the main driver of blanket bog inception and not human disturbance.
J. Azuara, N. Combourieu-Nebout, V. Lebreton, F. Mazier, S. D. Müller, and L. Dezileau
Clim. Past, 11, 1769–1784, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1769-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1769-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution pollen analyses undertaken on two cores from southern France allow us to separate anthropogenic effects from climatic impacts on environments over the last 4500 years. A long-term aridification trend is highlighted during the late Holocene, and three superimposed arid events are recorded around 4400, 2600 and 1200cal BP coinciding in time with Bond events. Human influence on vegetation is attested since the Bronze Age and became dominant at the beginning of the High Middle Ages.
S. Y. Maezumi, M. J. Power, F. E. Mayle, K. K. McLauchlan, and J. Iriarte
Clim. Past, 11, 835–853, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-835-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-835-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A 14,500-year, high-resolution, sedimentary record from Huanchaca Mesetta, a palm swamp located in the cerrãdo savanna in northeastern Bolivia, was analyzed for phytoliths, stable isotopes and charcoal. A non-analogue, cold-adapted vegetation community dominated the Late Glacial-Early Holocene period (14.5-9ka), which included trees and C3 Pooideae and C4 Panicoideae grasses. The Late Glacial vegetation was fire sensitive and fire activity during this period was low, likely responding to fuel av
M. E. de Porras, A. Maldonado, F. A. Quintana, A. Martel-Cea, O. Reyes, and C. Méndez
Clim. Past, 10, 1063–1078, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1063-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1063-2014, 2014
Y. Wang, U. Herzschuh, L. S. Shumilovskikh, S. Mischke, H. J. B. Birks, J. Wischnewski, J. Böhner, F. Schlütz, F. Lehmkuhl, B. Diekmann, B. Wünnemann, and C. Zhang
Clim. Past, 10, 21–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-21-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-21-2014, 2014
L. Sadori, E. Ortu, O. Peyron, G. Zanchetta, B. Vannière, M. Desmet, and M. Magny
Clim. Past, 9, 1969–1984, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1969-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1969-2013, 2013
O. Peyron, M. Magny, S. Goring, S. Joannin, J.-L. de Beaulieu, E. Brugiapaglia, L. Sadori, G. Garfi, K. Kouli, C. Ioakim, and N. Combourieu-Nebout
Clim. Past, 9, 1233–1252, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1233-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1233-2013, 2013
S. Joannin, B. Vannière, D. Galop, O. Peyron, J. N. Haas, A. Gilli, E. Chapron, S. B. Wirth, F. Anselmetti, M. Desmet, and M. Magny
Clim. Past, 9, 913–933, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-913-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-913-2013, 2013
M.-P. Ledru, V. Jomelli, P. Samaniego, M. Vuille, S. Hidalgo, M. Herrera, and C. Ceron
Clim. Past, 9, 307–321, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-307-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-307-2013, 2013
J. Bakker, E. Paulissen, D. Kaniewski, J. Poblome, V. De Laet, G. Verstraeten, and M. Waelkens
Clim. Past, 9, 57–87, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-57-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-57-2013, 2013
S. Joannin, E. Brugiapaglia, J.-L. de Beaulieu, L. Bernardo, M. Magny, O. Peyron, S. Goring, and B. Vannière
Clim. Past, 8, 1973–1996, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1973-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1973-2012, 2012
A. A. Andreev, E. Morozova, G. Fedorov, L. Schirrmeister, A. A. Bobrov, F. Kienast, and G. Schwamborn
Clim. Past, 8, 1287–1300, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1287-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1287-2012, 2012
B. J. Dermody, H. J. de Boer, M. F. P. Bierkens, S. L. Weber, M. J. Wassen, and S. C. Dekker
Clim. Past, 8, 637–651, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-637-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-637-2012, 2012
E. M. Gayo, C. Latorre, C. M. Santoro, A. Maldonado, and R. De Pol-Holz
Clim. Past, 8, 287–306, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-287-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-287-2012, 2012
J. Lebamba, A. Vincens, and J. Maley
Clim. Past, 8, 59–78, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-59-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-59-2012, 2012
A.-M. Lézine, W. Zheng, P. Braconnot, and G. Krinner
Clim. Past, 7, 1351–1362, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1351-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1351-2011, 2011
A. Dallmeyer, M. Claussen, U. Herzschuh, and N. Fischer
Clim. Past, 7, 881–901, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-881-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-881-2011, 2011
A. Vincens, G. Buchet, M. Servant, and ECOFIT Mbalang collaborators
Clim. Past, 6, 281–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-281-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-281-2010, 2010
A. J. Chepstow-Lusty, M. R. Frogley, B. S. Bauer, M. J. Leng, K. P. Boessenkool, C. Carcaillet, A. A. Ali, and A. Gioda
Clim. Past, 5, 375–388, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-375-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-375-2009, 2009
Cited articles
Adkins, J., deMenocal, P., and Eshel, G.: The "African Humid Period" and the record of marine upwelling from excess 230Th in ODP hole 658C, Paleoceanogr., 21, PA4203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001200, 2006.
APD (African Pollen Database): http://medias.obs-mip.fr/apd (last access: January, 2012), 2010.
Association des Palynologues de Langue Française (A.P.L.F.): Pollen et Spores d'Afrique Tropicale, Travaux et Documents de Géographie Tropicale, 16, CNRS, Talence, France, 1974.
Bader, J.-C., Lemoalle, J., and Leblanc, M.: Modèle hydrologique du Lac Tchad, Hydrol. Sci. J., 56, 411–425, 2011.
Bonnefille, R. and Chalié, F.: Pollen-inferred precipitation time-series from equatorial mountains, Africa, the last 40 kyr BP, Global Planet. Change, 26, 25–50, 2000.
Bonnefille, R. and Riollet, G.: Pollen des savanes d'Afrique oriental, CNRS, Paris, 1980.
Boyer, J. F., Dieulin, C., Rouche, N., Cres, A., Servat, E., Paturel, J. E., and Mahe, G.: SIEREM: an environmental information system for water resources, IAHS Publ., 308, 19–25, 2006.
Braconnot, P., Joussaume, S., Marti, O., and de Noblet, N.: Synergistic feedbacks from ocean and vegetation on the African monsoon response to mid-Holocene insolation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2481–2484, 1999.
Brovkin, V. and Claussen, M.: Comment on "Climate-driven ecosystem succession in the Sahara: the past 6000 years", Science, 322, 1326, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1163381, 2008.
Claussen, M., Kubatzki, C., Brovkin, V., Ganopolski, A., Hoelzmann, P., and Pachur, H. J.: Simulation of an abrupt change in Saharan vegetation in the mid-Holocene, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2037–2040, 1999.
DeBusk, G. H.: The distribution of pollen in the surface sediments of Lake Malawi, Africa, and the transport of pollen in large lakes, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 97, 123–153, 1997.
deMenocal, P., Ortiz, J., Guilderson, T., Adkins, J., Sarnthein, M., Baker, L., and Yarusinsky, M.: Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period: rapid climate responses to gradual insolation forcing, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 19, 347–361, 2000.
Durand, A.: Oscillations of lake Chad over the past 50,000 years: New data and new hypothesis, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 39, 37–53, 1982.
Elenga, H., Peyron, O., Bonnefille, R., Jolly, D., Cheddadi, R., Guiot, J., Andrieu, V., Bottema, S., Buchet, G., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Hamilton, A., Maley, J., Marchant, R., Perez-Obiol, R., Reille, M., Riollet, G., Scott, L., Straka, H., Taylor, D., Van Campo, E., Vincens, A., Laarif, F., and Jonson, H.: Pollen-based biome reconstruction for southern Europe and Africa at 18,000yr BP, J. Biogeogr., 27, 621–634, 2000.
El-Ghazali, G. E. B.: A study of pollen flora of Sudan, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 76, 99–345, 1993.
Faegri, K. and Iversen, J.: Textbook of pollen analysis, 3rd Edn., Blackwell, Oxford, 1975.
FAO website database: available at: http://www.fao.org/nr/climpag/locclim/locclim en.asp, last access: June, 2011.
Flore du Cameroun: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1963–2001.
Gasse, F.: Hydrological changes in the African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 19, 189–211, 2000.
Gasse, F.: Diatom-inferred salinity and carbonate oxygen isotopes in Holocene water bodies of the western Sahara and Sahel (Africa), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 21, 737–767, 2002.
Ghienne, J.-F., Schuster, M., Bernard, A., Duringer, P., and Brunet, M.: The Holocene giant Lake Chad revealed by digital elevation models, Quaternary Intern., 87, 81–85, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00063-5, 2002.
Guiot, J.: Methodology of the last climatic cycle reconstruction in France from pollen data, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 80, 49–69, 1990.
Guiot, J. and de Vernal, A.: Transfer Functions: Methods for Quantitative Paleoceanography Based on Microfossils, in: Developments in marine geology, edited by: Hillaire-Marcel, C. and de Vernal, A., 1, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 523–563, 2007.
Gumnior, M. and Thiemeyer, H.: Holocene fluvial dynamics in the NE Nigerian savanna: some preliminary interpretations, Quaternary Int., 111, 51–58, 2003.
Hély, C., Braconnot, P., Watrin, J., and Zheng, W.: Climate and vegetation: simulating the African humid period, C. R. Géosci., 341, 671–688, 2009.
Hill, M. O.: Correspondence analysis: a neglected multivariate method, J. Royal Statistical Soc., 23, 340–354, 1974.
Hoelzmann, P., Jolly, D., Harrison, S.P., Laarif, F., Bonnefille, R., Pachur, H.-J., and TEMPO: Mid-Holocene land-surface conditions in northern Africa and Arabian Peninsula: A data set for the analysis of biogeophysical feedbacks in the climate system, Global Biochem. Cy., 12, 35–51, 1998.
Hoelzmann, P., Gasse, F., Dupont, L. M., Salzmann, U., Staubwasser, M., Leuchner, D. C., and Sirocko, F.: Palaeoenvironmental changes in the arid and subarid belt (Sahara-Sahel-Arabian Peninsula) from 150 ka to present, in: Past Climate through Europe and Africa, edited by: Battarbee, R. W., Gasse, F., and Stickley, C. S., Springer, Dordrecht, 219–256, 2004.
Holmes, J. A.: How the Sahara became dry, Science, 320, 752–753, 2008.
Hutchinson, J. and Dalziel, J. M.: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Whitefriars, London, 1954–1972.
Jahns, S.: A Holocene pollen diagram from El Atrun, northern Sudan, Veg. Hist. Archaebota., 4, 23–30, 1995.
Jolly, D., Prentice, I. C., Bonnefille, R., Ballouche, A., Bengo, M., Brenac, P., Buchet, G., Burney, D., Cazet, J.-P., Cheddadi, R., Edorh, T., Elenga, H., Elmoutaki, S., Guiot, J., Laarif, F., Lamb, H., Lezine, A.-M., Maley, J., Mbenza, M., Peyron, O., Reille, M., Reynaud-Farrera, I., Riollet, G., Ritchie, J. C., Roche, E., Scott, L., Ssemmanda, I., Straka, H., Umer, M., Van Campo, E., Vilimumbalo, S., Vincens, A., and Waller, M.: Biome reconstruction from pollen and plant macrofossil data for Africa and Arabian peninsula at 0 and 6000 years, J. Biogeogr., 25, 1007–1027, 1998a.
Jolly, D., Harrison, S. P., Damnati, B., and Bonnefille, R.: Simulated climate and biomes of Africa during the Late Quaternary: a comparison with pollen and lake status data, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 17, 629–657, 1998b.
Joussaume, S., Taylor, K. E., Braconnot, P., Mitchell, J. F. B., Kutzbach, J. E., Harrison, S. P., Prentice, I. C., Broccoli, A. J., Abe-Ouchi, A., Bartlein, P. J., Bonfils, C., Dong, B., Guiot, J., Herterich, K., Hewitt, C. D., Jolly, D., Kim, J. W., Kislov, A., Kitoh, A., Loutre, M. F., Masson, V., McAvaney, B., McFarlane, N., de Noblet, N., Peltier, W. R., Peterschmitt, J. Y., Pollard, D., Rind, D., Royer, J. F., Schlesinger, M. E., Syktus, J., Thompson, S., Valdes, P., Vettoretti, G., Webb, R. S., and Wyputta, U.: Monsoon Changes for 6000 Years Ago: Results of 18 Simulations from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP), Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 859–862, 1999.
Keay, R. W. J.: A outline of Nigerian vegetation, Government Printer, Lagos, 1959.
Kröpelin, S., Verschuren, D., Lézine, A.-M., Eggermont, H., Cocquyt, C., Francus, P., Cazet, J.-P., Fagot, M., Rumes, B., Russell, J. M., Conley, D. J., Schuster, M., von Suchodoletz, H., and Engstrom, D. R.: Climate-driven ecosystem succession in the Sahara: the last 6000 years, Science, 320, 765–768, 2008a.
Kröpelin, S., Verschuren, D., and Lézine, A.-M.: Response to comment on "Climate-driven ecosystem succession in the Sahara: the past 6000 years", Science, 322, 1326c, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1163483, 2008b.
Kuhlmann, H., Meggers, H., Freudenthal, T., and Wefer, G.: The transition of the monsoonal and the N Atlantic climate system off NW Africa during the Holocene, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L22204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021267, 2004.
Kutzbach, J. E. and Street-Perrott, F. A.: Milankovitch forcing of fluctuations in the level of tropical Lakes from 18 to 0 kyr BP, Nature, 317, 130–134, 1985.
Kuper, R. and Kropelin, S.: Climate-controlled Holocene occupation in the Sahara: motor of Africa's evolution, Science, 313, 803–807, 2006.
Kutzbach, J. E. and Liu, Z.: Response of the African monsoon to orbital forcing and ocean feedbacks in the middle Holocene, Science, 278, 440–443, 1997.
Kutzbach, J., Bonan, G., Foley, J., and Harrison, S. P.: Vegetation and soil feedbacks on the response of the African monsoon to orbital forcing in the early to middle Holocene, Nature, 384, 623–626, 1996.
Lebamba, J., Ngomanda, A., Vincens, A., Jolly, D., Favier, C., Elenga, H., and Bentaleb, I.: Central African biomes and forest succession stages derived from modern pollen data and plant functional types, Clim. Past, 5, 403–429, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-403-2009, 2009a.
Lebamba, J., Vincens, A., Jolly, D., Ngomanda, A., Schevin, P., Maley, J., Bentaleb, I., and REGAB Members: Modern pollen rain in forest ecosystems of Gabon and Cameroon, Central Atlantic Africa, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno, 153, 34–45, 2009b.
Lebamba, J., Vincens, A., and Maley, J.: Pollen, vegetation change and climate at Lake Barombi Mbo (Cameroon) during the last ca. 33 000 cal yr BP: a numerical approach, Clim. Past, 8, 59–78, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-59-2012, 2012.
Leblanc, M., Favreau, G., Maley, J., Nazoumou, Y., Leduc, C., Stagnitti, F., van Oevelen, P.J., Delclaux, F., and Lemoalle, J.: Reconstruction of Megalake Chad using Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission data, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol., 239, 16–27, 2006a.
Leblanc, M., Leduc, C., Stagnitti, F., Van Oevelen, P. J., Jones, C., Mofor, L. A., Razack, M., and Favreau, G.: Evidence for Megalake Chad, north-central Africa, during late Quaternary from satellite data, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol., 230, 230–242, 2006b.
Lebrun, J.-P. and Stork, A. L.: Tropical African Flowering Plants. Ecology and Distribution – Vol.1 Annonaceae – Balanitaceae, Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Genève, 2003.
Lebrun, J.-P. and Stork, A. L.: Tropical African Flowering Plants. Ecology and Distribution – Vol.2 Euphorbiaceae – Dichapetalaceae, Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Genève, 2006.
Lebrun, J.-P. and Stork, A. L.: Tropical African Flowering Plants. Ecology and Distribution – Vol.3 Mimosaceae – Fabaceae, Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Genève, 2008a.
Lebrun, J.-P. and Stork, A. L.: Tropical African Flowering Plants. Ecology and Distribution – Vol. 4 Fabaceae (desmodium-Zornia), Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Genève, 2008b.
Letouzey, R.: Etude phytogéographique du Cameroun, Lechevalier, Paris, 1968.
Letouzey, R.: Notice de la carte phytogéographique du Cameroun au 1:500 000, Institut de la Carte Internationale de la Végétation, Toulouse, France, 1985.
Lézine, A.-M.: Late Quaternary vegetation and climate of the Sahel, Quaternary Res., 32, 317–334, 1989.
Lézine, A.-M.: Postglacial pollen records of Africa, in: Encyclopaedia of Quaternary Sciences, 4, Scott A. Elias, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2682–2698, 2007.
Lézine, A.-M.: Timing of vegetation changes at the end of the Holocene Humid Period in desert areas at the northern edge of the Atlantic and Indian monsoon systems, C. R. Géosci., 341, 750–759, 2009.
Lézine, A.-M., Watrin, J., Vincens, A., and Hély, C.: Are modern pollen data representative of west African vegetation?, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 156, 265–276, 2009.
Lézine, A.-M., Hély, C., Grenier, C., Braconnot, P., and Krinner, G.: Sahara and Sahel vulnerability to climate changes, lessons from Holocene hydrological data, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 3001–3012, 2011.
L'Hôte, Y. and Mahé, G.: Afrique de l'Ouest et Centrale. Précipitations moyennes annuelles (période 1951–1989), ORSTOM, Paris, 1995.
Liu, Z., Wang, Y., Gallimore, R., Gasse, F., Johnson, T., deMenocal, P., Adkins, J., Notaro, M., Prentice, I. C., Kutzbach, J., Jacob, R., Behling, P., Wang, L., and Ong, E.: Simulating the transient evolution and abrupt change of Northern Africa atmosphere-ocean-terrestrial ecosystem in the Holocene, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 1818–1837, 2007.
Maley, J.: Contribution à l'étude du bassin tchadien. Atlas des pollens du Tchad, Bull. Jardin Botan. Nat. Belgique, 41, 29–48, 1970.
Maley, J.: La sédimentation pollinique actuelle dans la zone du lac Tchad (Afrique centrale), Pollen Spores, 14, 263–307, 1972.
Maley, J.: Palaeoclimates of Central Sahara during the early Holocene, Nature, 269, 573–577, 1977.
Maley, J.: Etudes palynologiques dans le bassin du Tchad et paléoclimatologie de l'Afrique Nord-Tropicale de 30 000 ans à l'époque actuelle, ORSTOM, Paris, 586 pp., 1981.
Maley, J.: Last Glacial Maximum lacustrine and fluviatile Formations in the Tibesti and other Saharan mountains, and large-scale climatic teleconnections linked to the activity of the Subtropical Jet Stream, Global Planet. Change, 26, 121–136, 2000.
Marchant, R. A. and Hooghiemstra, H.: Rapid environmental change in African and South American tropics around 4000 years before present: a review, Earth-Sci. Rev., 66, 217–260, 2004.
Marchant, R., Berrio, J. C., Behling, H., Boom, A., and Hooghiemstra, H.: Colombian dry moist forest transitions in the Llanos Orientales – A comparison of model and pollen-based biome reconstructions, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol., 234, 28–44, 2006.
Marchant, R., Cleef, A., Harrison, S. P., Hooghiemstra, H., Markgraf, V., van Boxel, J., Ager, T., Almeida, L., Anderson, R., Baied, C., Behling, H., Berrio, J. C., Burbridge, R., Björck, S., Byrne, R., Bush, M., Duivenvoorden, J., Flenley, J., De Oliveira, P., van Geel, B., Graf, K., Gosling, W. D., Harbele, S., van der Hammen, T., Hansen, B., Horn, S., Kuhry, P., Ledru, M.-P., Mayle, F., Leyden, B., Lozano-Garc\'ia, S., Melief, A. M., Moreno, P., Moar, N. T., Prieto, A., van Reenen, G., Salgado-Labouriau, M., Schäbitz, F., Schreve-Brinkman, E. J., and Wille, M.: Pollen-based biome reconstructions for Latin America at 0, 6000 and 18 000 radiocarbon years ago, Clim. Past, 5, 725–767, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-725-2009, 2009.
Nicholson, S. E.: A revised picture of the structure of the "monsoon" and land ITCZ over West Africa, Clim. Dynam., 32, 1155–1171, 2009.
Olivry, J.-C., Chouret, A., Vuilaume, G., Lemoale, J., and Bricquet, J.-P.: Hydrologie du lac Tchad, ORSTOM, Paris, 1996.
Overpeck, J. T., Webb III, T., and Prentice, I. C.: Quantitative interpretation of fossil pollen spectra: dissimilarity coefficients and method of modern analogs, Quaternary Res., 23, 87–108, 1985.
Prentice, I. C., Guiot, J., Huntley, B., Jolly, D., and Cheddadi, R.: Reconstructing biomes from paleoecological data: a general method and its application to European pollen data at 0 and 6 ka, Clim. Dynam., 12, 185–194, 1996.
Reimer, P. J., Baillie, M. G. L., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Buck, C. E., Burr, G. S., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Hajdas, I., Heaton, T. J., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kaiser, K. F., Kromer, B., McCormac, F. G., Manning, S. W., Reimer, R. W., Richards, D. A., Southon, J. R., Talamo, S., Turney, C. S. M., van der Plicht, J., and Weyhenmeyer, C. E.: INTCAL09 and MARINE09 Radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0–50,000 years cal BP, Radiocarbon, 51, 1111–1150, 2009.
Renssen, H., Brovkin, V., Fichefet, T., and Goosse, H.: Holocene climate instability during the termination of the African Humid Period, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1184, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016636, 2003.
Renssen, H., Brovkin, V., Fichefet, T., and Goosse, H.: Simulation of the Holocene climate evolution in Northern Africa: The termination of the African Humid Period, Quaternary Int., 150, 95–102, 2006.
Ritchie, J. C.: Holocene pollen spectra from Oyo, northwestern Sudan: problems of interpretation in a hyperarid environment, Holocene, 4, 9–15, 1994.
Ritchie, J. C. and Haynes, C. V.: Holocene vegetation zonation in the eastern Sahara, Nature, 330, 645–647, 1987.
Ritchie, J. C., Eyles, C. H., and Haynes, C. V.: Sediment and pollen evidence for an early to mid-Holocene humid period in the eastern Sahara, Nature, 314, 352–355, 1985.
Salard-Cheboldaeff, M.: Palynologie camerounaise I. Pollens de la mangrove et des fourrés arbustifs côtiers. 105è Congrès national des Sociétés savantes, Sciences, Caen, 233–247, 1980.
Salard-Cheboldaeff, M.: Palynologie camerounaise II. Grains de pollen de la forêt littorale de basse altitude. 106è Congrès national des Sociétés savantes, Sciences, Perpignan, 125–136, 1981.
Salard-Cheboldaeff, M.: Palynologie camerounaise III. Grains de pollen de la forêt dense humide de basse et moyenne altitude (Forêt atlantique camerounaise). 107è Congrès national des Sociétés savantes, Sciences, Brest, 127–141, 1982.
Salard-Cheboldaeff, M.: Palynologie camerounaise IV. Grains de pollen de la forêt dense humide de moyenne altitude (Forêt du Dja ou forêt congolaise). 108è Congrès national des Sociétés savantes, Sciences, Grenoble, 117–119, 1983.
Salard-Cheboldaeff, M.: Palynologie camerounaise V. Grains de pollen de la forêt dense humide semi-caducifoliée de moyenne altitude (Forêt à Sterculiacées et Ulmacées). 109è Congrès national des Sociétés savantes, Sciences, Dijon, 19–35, 1984.
Salard-Cheboldaeff, M.: Palynologie camerounaise VI. Grains de pollen des savanes périforestières. 110è Congrès national des Sociétés savantes, Sciences, Montpellier, 231–248, 1985.
Salard-Cheboldaeff, M.: Palynologie camerounaise VII. Grains de pollen des savanes arbustives et arborées, voire boisées, de l'Adamaoua. 111è Congrès national des Sociétés savantes, Sciences, Poitiers, 59–80, 1986.
Salard-Cheboldaeff, M.: Palynologie camerounaise VIII. Grains de pollen des savanes boisées et forêts claires sèches. 112è Congrès national des Sociétés savantes, Sciences, Lyon, 47–63, 1987.
Salard-Cheboldaeff, M.: Palynologie Camerounaise, Palynosciences, 2, 189–208, 1993.
Salzmann, U. and Hoelzmann, P.: The Dahomey Gap: an abrupt climatically induced rain forest fragmentation in West Africa during the Late Holocene, Holocene, 15, 190–199, 2005.
Salzmann, U. and Waller, M.: The Holocene vegetational history of the Nigerian Sahel based on multiple pollen profiles, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 100, 39–72, 1998.
Salzmann, U., Hoelzmann, P., and Morczinek, I.: Late Quaternary climate and vegetation of the Sudanian zone of northeastern Nigeria, Quaternary Res., 58, 73–83, 2002.
Sepulchre, P., Ramstein, G., and Schuster, M.: Modelling the impact of tectonics, surface conditions and sea surface temperatures on the Saharan and sub-Saharan climate evolution, C. R. Géoscience, 341, 612–620, 2009.
Servant, M.: Séquences continentales et variations climatiques: évolution du Bassin du Tchad au Cenozoïque Supérieur, ORSTOM, Paris, 573 pp., 1983.
Schulz, E.: Holocene environments in the Central Sahara, Hydrobiologia, 214, 359–365, 1991.
Schuster, M., Roquin, C., Duringer, P., Brunet, M., Caugy, M., Fontugne, M., Mackaye, H. T., Vignaud, P., and Ghienne, J.-F.: Holocene Lake Mega-Chad palaeoshorelines from space, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 1821–1827, 2005.
Smith, T. M., Shugart, H. H., and Woodward, F. I.: Plant functional types, their relevance to ecosystem properties and global change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997.
Sowunmi, M. A.: Pollen grains of Nigerian Plants, I Woody species, Grana, 13, 145–186, 1973.
Sowunmi, M. A.: Pollen of Nigerian Plants, II Woody species, Grana, 34, 120–141, 1995.
ter Braak, C. J. F.: Correspondence analysis of incidence and abundance data: properties in terms of a unimodal response model, Biometrics, 41, 859–873, 1985.
Vincens, A.: Environnement végétal et sédimentation pollinique lacustre actuelle dans le basin du lac Turkana (Kenya), Rev. Paléobiol., vol. sp., Genève, 235–242, 1984.
Vincens, A., Lézine, A.-M., Buchet, G., Lewden, D., and Le Thomas, A.: African Pollen Database inventory of tree and shrub pollen types, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 145, 135–141, 2007.
Vincens, A., Buchet, G., Servant, M., and ECOFIT Mbalang collaborators: Vegetation response to the "African Humid Period" termination in Central Cameroon (7° N) – new pollen insight from Lake Mbalang, Clim. Past, 6, 281–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-281-2010, 2010.
Waller, M. P., Street-Perrott, F. A., and Wang, H.: Holocene vegetation history of the Sahel: pollen, sedimentology and geochemical data from Jikariya Lake, north-eastern Nigeria, J. Biogeogr., 34, 1575–1590, 2007.
Walter, H. and Lieth, H.: Klimadiagramm-Weltatlas, Fisher, Jena, 1960–1967.
Watrin, J., Lézine, A.-M., Hély, C., and contributors: Plant migration and plant communities at the time of the "green Sahara", C. R. Géosci., 341, 656–670, 2009.
White, F.: The vegetation of Africa, UNESCO, Paris, 1983.
Wright, H. E., Mann, D. H., and Glasser, P. H.: Piston corers for lakes and wetland sediments, Ecology, 65, 657–659, 1983.
Ybert, J.-P.: Atlas des Pollens de Côte d'Ivoire, Initiations-Documentations Techniques, 40, ORSTOM, Paris, 1979.