Articles | Volume 21, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-857-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-857-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 May 2025
Research article |
| 07 May 2025
| 07 May 2025
Subaqueous speleothems as archives of groundwater recharge on Australia's southern arid margin
Calla N. Gould-Whaley
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
Russell N. Drysdale
School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
Pauline C. Treble
Environment Research Group, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, 2234, Australia
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia
Jan-Hendrik May
School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
Stacey C. Priestley
Drought Resilience Mission, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
John C. Hellstrom
School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
Christopher R. Vardanega
Environment Research Group, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, 2234, Australia
Clare C. Buswell
College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, 5001, Australia
Related authors
No articles found.
Himadri Saini, David K. Hutchinson, Josephine R. Brown, Russell N. Drysdale, Yanxuan Du, and Laurie Menviel
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1990, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1990, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Climate of the Past (CP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how large ice sheets during the last Ice Age influenced global weather patterns. We found that the presence of these ice sheets affected rainfall patterns in regions like Eurasia and Australia. By altering wind and weather systems, they shifted the position of the tropical rainbelt and impacted the circulation of air in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Our research helps us understand past climate changes and their potential effects on future climate patterns.
Hubert B. Vonhof, Sophie Verheyden, Dominique Bonjean, Stéphane Pirson, Michael Weber, Denis Scholz, John Hellstrom, Hai Cheng, Xue Jia, Kévin Di Modica, Gregory Abrams, Marjan A. P. van Nunen, Joost Ruiter, Michèlle van der Does, Daniel Böhl, and Jeroen H. J. L. van der Lubbe
Clim. Past, 20, 2741–2758, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2741-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2741-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The sedimentary sequence in Scladina Cave (Belgium) is well-known for its rich archeological assemblages and its numerous faunal remains. Of particular interest is the presence of a nearly complete jaw bone of a Neanderthal child. In this study, we present new uranium series ages of stalagmites from the archeological sequence that allow more precise dating of the archeological finds. One key result is that the Neanderthal child may be slightly older than previously thought.
Frédéric Parrenin, Marie Bouchet, Christo Buizert, Emilie Capron, Ellen Corrick, Russell Drysdale, Kenji Kawamura, Amaëlle Landais, Robert Mulvaney, Ikumi Oyabu, and Sune Olander Rasmussen
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8735–8750, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8735-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8735-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Paleochrono-1.1 probabilistic dating model allows users to derive a common and optimized chronology for several paleoclimatic sites from various archives (ice cores, speleothems, marine cores, lake cores, etc.). It combines prior sedimentation scenarios with chronological information such as dated horizons, dated intervals, stratigraphic links and (for ice cores) Δdepth observations. Paleochrono-1.1 is available under an open-source license.
Timothy J. Pollard, Jon D. Woodhead, Russell N. Drysdale, R. Lawrence Edwards, Xianglei Li, Ashlea N. Wainwright, Mathieu Pythoud, Hai Cheng, John C. Hellstrom, Ilaria Isola, Eleonora Regattieri, Giovanni Zanchetta, and Dylan S. Parmenter
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3594, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3594, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The uranium-thorium and uranium-lead radiometric dating methods are both capable of dating carbonate samples ranging in age from about 400,000 to 650,000 years. Here we test agreement between the two methods by 'double dating' speleothems (i.e. secondary cave mineral deposits) that grew within this age range. We demonstrate excellent agreement between the two dating methods and discuss their relative strengths and weaknesses.
Andy Baker, Margaret Shanafield, Wendy Timms, Martin Sogaard Andersen, Stacey Priestley, and Marilu Melo Zurita
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 13, 117–129, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-13-117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-13-117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Much of the world relies on groundwater as a water resource, yet it is hard to know when and where rainfall replenishes our groundwater aquifers. Caves, mines, and tunnels that are situated above the groundwater table are unique observatories of water transiting from the land surface to the aquifer. This paper will show how networks of loggers deployed in these underground spaces across Australia have helped understand when, where, and how much rainfall is needed to replenish the groundwater.
Nikita Kaushal, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Micah Wilhelm, Khalil Azennoud, Janica C. Bühler, Kerstin Braun, Yassine Ait Brahim, Andy Baker, Yuval Burstyn, Laia Comas-Bru, Jens Fohlmeister, Yonaton Goldsmith, Sandy P. Harrison, István G. Hatvani, Kira Rehfeld, Magdalena Ritzau, Vanessa Skiba, Heather M. Stoll, József G. Szűcs, Péter Tanos, Pauline C. Treble, Vitor Azevedo, Jonathan L. Baker, Andrea Borsato, Sakonvan Chawchai, Andrea Columbu, Laura Endres, Jun Hu, Zoltán Kern, Alena Kimbrough, Koray Koç, Monika Markowska, Belen Martrat, Syed Masood Ahmad, Carole Nehme, Valdir Felipe Novello, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Jiaoyang Ruan, Natasha Sekhon, Nitesh Sinha, Carol V. Tadros, Benjamin H. Tiger, Sophie Warken, Annabel Wolf, Haiwei Zhang, and SISAL Working Group members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1933–1963, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Speleothems are a popular, multi-proxy climate archive that provide regional to global insights into past hydroclimate trends with precise chronologies. We present an update to the SISAL (Speleothem Isotopes
Synthesis and AnaLysis) database, SISALv3, which, for the first time, contains speleothem trace element records, in addition to an update to the stable isotope records available in previous versions of the database, cumulatively providing data from 365 globally distributed sites.
Synthesis and AnaLysis) database, SISALv3, which, for the first time, contains speleothem trace element records, in addition to an update to the stable isotope records available in previous versions of the database, cumulatively providing data from 365 globally distributed sites.
Miguel Bartolomé, Ana Moreno, Carlos Sancho, Isabel Cacho, Heather Stoll, Negar Haghipour, Ánchel Belmonte, Christoph Spötl, John Hellstrom, R. Lawrence Edwards, and Hai Cheng
Clim. Past, 20, 467–494, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-467-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-467-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reconstructing past temperatures at regional scales during the Common Era is necessary to place the current warming in the context of natural climate variability. We present a climate reconstruction based on eight stalagmites from four caves in the Pyrenees, NE Spain. These stalagmites were dated precisely and analysed for their oxygen isotopes, which appear dominated by temperature changes. Solar variability and major volcanic eruptions are the two main drivers of observed climate variability.
Timothy Pollard, Jon Woodhead, John Hellstrom, John Engel, Roger Powell, and Russell Drysdale
Geochronology, 5, 181–196, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-181-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-181-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
When using the uranium–lead (U–Pb) radiometric dating method on very young materials (e.g. Quaternary age zircon and carbonate minerals), it is important to accurately account for the production and decay of intermediate
daughterisotopes in the uranium-series decay chain. DQPB is open-source software that allows users to easily perform such calculations for a variety of sample types and produce publication-ready graphical outputs of the resulting age information.
Hege Kilhavn, Isabelle Couchoud, Russell N. Drysdale, Carlos Rossi, John Hellstrom, Fabien Arnaud, and Henri Wong
Clim. Past, 18, 2321–2344, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2321-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2321-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The analysis of stable carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios, trace element ratios, and growth rate from a Spanish speleothem provides quantitative information on past hydrological conditions during the early Holocene in south-western Europe. Our data show that the cave site experienced increased effective recharge during the 8.2 ka event. Additionally, the oxygen isotopes indicate a change in the isotopic composition of the moisture source, associated with the meltwater flux to the North Atlantic.
Zuorui Liu, Amy Prendergast, Russell Drysdale, and Jan-Hendrik May
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 71, 227–241, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-227-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Past studies used two sampling strategies, the "bulk" and "sequential" drilling methods, for stable isotopic analysis of mammoth tooth enamel and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. This study applied both methods to the same enamel ridges of multiple mammoth teeth and compared their respective δ18O values. Offsets were detected between the bulk and average sequential δ18O values. The potential reasons for the offsets and their impacts on cross-method data comparison were discussed.
Cinthya Esther Nava Fernandez, Tobias Braun, Bethany Fox, Adam Hartland, Ola Kwiecien, Chelsea Pederson, Sebastian Hoepker, Stefano Bernasconi, Madalina Jaggi, John Hellstrom, Fernando Gázquez, Amanda French, Norbert Marwan, Adrian Immenhauser, and Sebastian Franz Martin Breitenbach
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-172, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-172, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a ca. 1000 year long (6.4–5.4 ka BP) stalagmite-based reconstruction of mid-Holocene rainfall variability in the tropical western Pacific. The annually laminated multi-proxy (δ13C, δ18O, X/Ca, gray values) record comes from Niue island and informs on El Nino-Southern Oscillation and South Pacific Convergence Zone dynamics. Our data suggest that ENSO was active and influenced rainfall seasonality over the covered time interval. Rainfall seasonality was subdued during active ENSO phases
Inken Heidke, Adam Hartland, Denis Scholz, Andrew Pearson, John Hellstrom, Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Biogeosciences, 18, 2289–2300, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2289-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2289-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed lignin oxidation products (LOPs) in leaf litter and different soil horizons as well as dripwater and flowstone samples from four different cave sites from different vegetation zones in New Zealand using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. We test whether the original source-dependent LOP signal of the overlying vegetation is preserved and can be recovered from flowstone samples and investigate how the signal is altered by the transport from the soil to the cave.
Matej Lipar, Andrea Martín-Pérez, Jure Tičar, Miha Pavšek, Matej Gabrovec, Mauro Hrvatin, Blaž Komac, Matija Zorn, Nadja Zupan Hajna, Jian-Xin Zhao, Russell N. Drysdale, and Mateja Ferk
The Cryosphere, 15, 17–30, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-17-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-17-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The U–Th ages of subglacial carbonate deposits from a recently exposed surface previously occupied by the disappearing glacier in the SE European Alps suggest the glacier’s presence throughout the entire Holocene. These thin deposits, formed by regelation, would have been easily eroded if exposed during previous Holocene climatic optima. The age data indicate the glacier’s present unprecedented level of retreat and the potential of subglacial carbonates to act as palaeoclimate proxies.
Cinthya Nava-Fernandez, Adam Hartland, Fernando Gázquez, Ola Kwiecien, Norbert Marwan, Bethany Fox, John Hellstrom, Andrew Pearson, Brittany Ward, Amanda French, David A. Hodell, Adrian Immenhauser, and Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3361–3380, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3361-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3361-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Speleothems are powerful archives of past climate for understanding modern local hydrology and its relation to regional circulation patterns. We use a 3-year monitoring dataset to test the sensitivity of Waipuna Cave to seasonal changes and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics. Drip water data suggest a fast response to rainfall events; its elemental composition reflects a seasonal cycle and ENSO variability. Waipuna Cave speleothems have a high potential for past ENSO reconstructions.
Christopher Lüthgens, Daniela Sauer, Michael Zech, Becky Briant, Eleanor Brown, Elisabeth Dietze, Markus Fuchs, Nicole Klasen, Sven Lukas, Jan-Hendrik May, Julia Meister, Tony Reimann, Gilles Rixhon, Zsófia Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger, Bernhard Salcher, Tobias Sprafke, Ingmar Unkel, Hans von Suchodoletz, and Christian Zeeden
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 68, 243–244, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-68-243-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-68-243-2020, 2020
Laurie Menviel, Emilie Capron, Aline Govin, Andrea Dutton, Lev Tarasov, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Russell N. Drysdale, Philip L. Gibbard, Lauren Gregoire, Feng He, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Masa Kageyama, Kenji Kawamura, Amaelle Landais, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Ikumi Oyabu, Polychronis C. Tzedakis, Eric Wolff, and Xu Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 3649–3685, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3649-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3649-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
As part of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) working group on Quaternary Interglacials, we propose a protocol to perform transient simulations of the penultimate deglaciation for the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4). This design includes time-varying changes in orbital forcing, greenhouse gas concentrations, continental ice sheets as well as freshwater input from the disintegration of continental ice sheets. Key paleo-records for model-data comparison are also included.
Monica Bini, Giovanni Zanchetta, Aurel Perşoiu, Rosine Cartier, Albert Català, Isabel Cacho, Jonathan R. Dean, Federico Di Rita, Russell N. Drysdale, Martin Finnè, Ilaria Isola, Bassem Jalali, Fabrizio Lirer, Donatella Magri, Alessia Masi, Leszek Marks, Anna Maria Mercuri, Odile Peyron, Laura Sadori, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Fabian Welc, Christoph Zielhofer, and Elodie Brisset
Clim. Past, 15, 555–577, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-555-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-555-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean region has returned some of the clearest evidence of a climatically dry period occurring approximately 4200 years ago. We reviewed selected proxies to infer regional climate patterns between 4.3 and 3.8 ka. Temperature data suggest a cooling anomaly, even if this is not uniform, whereas winter was drier, along with dry summers. However, some exceptions to this prevail, where wetter condition seems to have persisted, suggesting regional heterogeneity.
Ilaria Isola, Giovanni Zanchetta, Russell N. Drysdale, Eleonora Regattieri, Monica Bini, Petra Bajo, John C. Hellstrom, Ilaria Baneschi, Piero Lionello, Jon Woodhead, and Alan Greig
Clim. Past, 15, 135–151, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-135-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-135-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To understand the natural variability in the climate system, the hydrological aspect (dry and wet conditions) is particularly important for its impact on our societies. The reconstruction of past precipitation regimes can provide a useful tool for forecasting future climate changes. We use multi-proxy time series (oxygen and carbon isotopes, trace elements) from a speleothem to investigate circulation pattern variations and seasonality effects during the dry 4.2 ka event in central Italy.
Laurie Menviel, Emilie Capron, Aline Govin, Andrea Dutton, Lev Tarasov, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Russell Drysdale, Philip Gibbard, Lauren Gregoire, Feng He, Ruza Ivanovic, Masa Kageyama, Kenji Kawamura, Amaelle Landais, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Ikumi Oyabu, Polychronis Tzedakis, Eric Wolff, and Xu Zhang
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-106, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-106, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The penultimate deglaciation (~ 138–128 ka), which represents the transition into the Last Interglacial period, provides a framework to investigate the climate and environmental response to large changes in boundary conditions. Here, as part of the PAGES-PMIP working group on Quaternary Interglacials, we propose a protocol to perform transient simulations of the penultimate deglaciation as well as a selection of paleo records for upcoming model-data comparisons.
Kashif Mahmud, Gregoire Mariethoz, Andy Baker, and Pauline C. Treble
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 977–988, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-977-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-977-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the relationship between drip water and rainfall in a SW Australian karst, where both intra- and interannual hydrological variations are strongly controlled by seasonal variations in recharge. The hydrological behavior of cave drips is examined at daily resolution with respect to mean discharge and the flow variation. We demonstrate that the analysis of the time series produced by cave drip loggers generates useful hydrogeological information that can be applied generally.
Bronwyn C. Dixon, Jonathan J. Tyler, Andrew M. Lorrey, Ian D. Goodwin, Joëlle Gergis, and Russell N. Drysdale
Clim. Past, 13, 1403–1433, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1403-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1403-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Existing sedimentary palaeoclimate records in Australasia were assessed for suitability for examining the last 2 millennia. A small number of high-quality records were identified, and new Bayesian age models were constructed for each record. Findings suggest that Australasian record chronologies and confidence in proxy–climate relationships are the main factors limiting appropriate data for examining Common Era climate variability. Recommendations for improving data accessibility are provided.
Pauline C. Treble, Andy Baker, Linda K. Ayliffe, Timothy J. Cohen, John C. Hellstrom, Michael K. Gagan, Silvia Frisia, Russell N. Drysdale, Alan D. Griffiths, and Andrea Borsato
Clim. Past, 13, 667–687, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-667-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-667-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Little is known about the climate of southern Australia during the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation owing to sparse records for this region. We present the first high-resolution data, derived from speleothems that grew 23–5 ka. It appears that recharge to the Flinders Ranges was higher than today, particularly during 18.9–15.8 ka, argued to be due to the enhanced availability of tropical moisture. An abrupt shift to aridity is recorded at 15.8 ka, associated with restored westerly airflow.
Carol V. Tadros, Pauline C. Treble, Andy Baker, Ian Fairchild, Stuart Hankin, Regina Roach, Monika Markowska, and Janece McDonald
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4625–4640, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4625-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4625-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the potential use of trace element and stable oxygen-isotope variations in cave drip water as palaeorainfall proxies in an Australian alpine karst site. Using 7 years of cave monitoring data, we constrained the hydrological processes impacting the drip-water composition and identified a robust ENSO–drip water hydrochemical relationship. These findings are fundamental for reconstructing past ENSO variability from speleothems (cave deposits) regionally and globally.
Gurinder Nagra, Pauline C. Treble, Martin S. Andersen, Ian J. Fairchild, Katie Coleborn, and Andy Baker
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2745–2758, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2745-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2745-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Our current understanding of wildfires on Earth is filled with knowledge gaps. One reason for this is our poor record of fire in natural archives. We open the possibility for speleothems to be "a missing piece to the fire-puzzle". We find by effecting surface evaporation and transpiration rates, wildfires can have a multi-year impact on speleothem, forming dripwater hydrology and chemistry. We open a new avenue for speleothems as potential palaeo-fire archives.
K. Mahmud, G. Mariethoz, A. Baker, P. C. Treble, M. Markowska, and E. McGuire
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 359–373, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-359-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-359-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Caves offer a natural inception point to observe both the long-term groundwater recharge and the preferential movement of water through the unsaturated zone of such limestone. In this study, we develop a method that combines automated drip rate logging systems and remote sensing techniques to quantify the infiltration processes within a cave.
S. Frisia, A. Borsato, R. N. Drysdale, B. Paul, A. Greig, and M. Cotte
Clim. Past, 8, 2039–2051, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-2039-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-2039-2012, 2012
Related subject area
Subject: Continental Surface Processes | Archive: Terrestrial Archives | Timescale: Pleistocene
Spatio-temporal dynamics of speleothem growth and glaciation in the British Isles
Improving the age constraints on the archeological record in Scladina Cave (Belgium): new speleothem U–Th ages
The climate and vegetation of Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East during the Last Glacial Maximum (21 000 yr BP) based on pollen data
Climate changes during the Late Glacial in southern Europe: new insights based on pollen and brGDGTs of Lake Matese in Italy
Late Pleistocene glacial chronologies and paleoclimate in the northern Rocky Mountains
Cryogenic cave carbonates in the Dolomites (northern Italy): insights into Younger Dryas cooling and seasonal precipitation
Younger Dryas ice margin retreat in Greenland: new evidence from southwestern Greenland
Pleistocene glacial history of the New Zealand subantarctic islands
Palaeoclimate characteristics in interior Siberia of MIS 6–2: first insights from the Batagay permafrost mega-thaw slump in the Yana Highlands
Hydroclimate of the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation in southern Australia's arid margin interpreted from speleothem records (23–15 ka)
High-amplitude lake-level changes in tectonically active Lake Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan) revealed by high-resolution seismic reflection data
Constant wind regimes during the Last Glacial Maximum and early Holocene: evidence from Little Llangothlin Lagoon, New England Tablelands, eastern Australia
Late Pleistocene–Holocene ground surface heat flux changes reconstructed from borehole temperature data (the Urals, Russia)
Sediment sequence and site formation processes at the Arbreda Cave, NE Iberian Peninsula, and implications on human occupation and climate change during the Last Glacial
Past freeze and thaw cycling in the margin of the El'gygytgyn crater deduced from a 141 m long permafrost record
Geochronological reconsideration of the eastern European key loess section at Stayky in Ukraine
Pre-LGM Northern Hemisphere ice sheet topography
Heinrich event 4 characterized by terrestrial proxies in southwestern Europe
Tephrostratigraphic studies on a sediment core from Lake Prespa in the Balkans
Past climate changes and permafrost depth at the Lake El'gygytgyn site: implications from data and thermal modeling
Depositional dynamics in the El'gygytgyn Crater margin: implications for the 3.6 Ma old sediment archive
Coarsely crystalline cryogenic cave carbonate – a new archive to estimate the Last Glacial minimum permafrost depth in Central Europe
Hydrological variability in the Northern Levant: a 250 ka multi-proxy record from the Yammoûneh (Lebanon) sedimentary sequence
Sina Panitz, Michael Rogerson, Jack Longman, Nick Scroxton, Tim J. Lawson, Tim C. Atkinson, Vasile Ersek, James Baldini, Lisa Baldini, Stuart Umbo, Mahjoor A. Lone, Gideon M. Henderson, and Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach
Clim. Past, 21, 261–278, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-261-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-261-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Reconstructions of past glaciations tell us about how ice sheets grow and retreat. In this study, we use speleothems (cave deposits, e.g. stalagmites) in the British Isles to help constrain the extent of past glaciations in both time and space. Speleothems require liquid water to grow, and therefore their presence indicates the absence of ice above the cave. By dating these speleothems, we can improve existing reconstructions of past ice sheets.
Hubert B. Vonhof, Sophie Verheyden, Dominique Bonjean, Stéphane Pirson, Michael Weber, Denis Scholz, John Hellstrom, Hai Cheng, Xue Jia, Kévin Di Modica, Gregory Abrams, Marjan A. P. van Nunen, Joost Ruiter, Michèlle van der Does, Daniel Böhl, and Jeroen H. J. L. van der Lubbe
Clim. Past, 20, 2741–2758, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2741-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2741-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The sedimentary sequence in Scladina Cave (Belgium) is well-known for its rich archeological assemblages and its numerous faunal remains. Of particular interest is the presence of a nearly complete jaw bone of a Neanderthal child. In this study, we present new uranium series ages of stalagmites from the archeological sequence that allow more precise dating of the archeological finds. One key result is that the Neanderthal child may be slightly older than previously thought.
Basil A. S. Davis, Marc Fasel, Jed O. Kaplan, Emmanuele Russo, and Ariane Burke
Clim. Past, 20, 1939–1988, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1939-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1939-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
During the last ice age (21 000 yr BP) in Europe, the composition and extent of forest and its associated climate remain unclear, with models indicating more forest north of the Alps and a warmer and somewhat wetter climate than suggested by the data. A new compilation of pollen records with improved dating suggests greater agreement with model climates but still suggests models overestimate forest cover, especially in the west.
Mary Robles, Odile Peyron, Guillemette Ménot, Elisabetta Brugiapaglia, Sabine Wulf, Oona Appelt, Marion Blache, Boris Vannière, Lucas Dugerdil, Bruno Paura, Salomé Ansanay-Alex, Amy Cromartie, Laurent Charlet, Stephane Guédron, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, and Sébastien Joannin
Clim. Past, 19, 493–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-493-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-493-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantitative climate reconstructions based on pollen and brGDGTs reveal, for the Late Glacial, a warm Bølling–Allerød and a marked cold Younger Dryas in Italy, showing no latitudinal differences in terms of temperatures across Italy. In terms of precipitation, no latitudinal differences are recorded during the Bølling–Allerød, whereas 40–42° N appears as a key junction point between wetter conditions in southern Italy and drier conditions in northern Italy during the Younger Dryas.
Brendon J. Quirk, Elizabeth Huss, Benjamin J. C. Laabs, Eric Leonard, Joseph Licciardi, Mitchell A. Plummer, and Marc W. Caffee
Clim. Past, 18, 293–312, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-293-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-293-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers in the northern Rocky Mountains began retreating 17 000 to 18 000 years ago, after the end of the most recent global ice volume maxima. Climate in the region during this time was likely 10 to 8.5° colder than modern with less than or equal to present amounts of precipitation. Glaciers across the Rockies began retreating at different times but eventually exhibited similar patterns of retreat, suggesting a common mechanism influencing deglaciation.
Gabriella Koltai, Christoph Spötl, Alexander H. Jarosch, and Hai Cheng
Clim. Past, 17, 775–789, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-775-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-775-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper utilises a novel palaeoclimate archive from caves, cryogenic cave carbonates, which allow for precisely constraining permafrost thawing events in the past. Our study provides new insights into the climate of the Younger Dryas (12 800 to 11 700 years BP) in mid-Europe from the perspective of a high-elevation cave sensitive to permafrost development. We quantify seasonal temperature and precipitation changes by using a heat conduction model.
Svend Funder, Anita H. L. Sørensen, Nicolaj K. Larsen, Anders A. Bjørk, Jason P. Briner, Jesper Olsen, Anders Schomacker, Laura B. Levy, and Kurt H. Kjær
Clim. Past, 17, 587–601, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-587-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-587-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmogenic 10Be exposure dates from outlying islets along 300 km of the SW Greenland coast indicate that, although affected by inherited 10Be, the ice margin here was retreating during the Younger Dryas. These results seem to be corroborated by recent studies elsewhere in Greenland. The apparent mismatch between temperatures and ice margin behaviour may be explained by the advection of warm water to the ice margin on the shelf and by increased seasonality, both caused by a weakened AMOC.
Eleanor Rainsley, Chris S. M. Turney, Nicholas R. Golledge, Janet M. Wilmshurst, Matt S. McGlone, Alan G. Hogg, Bo Li, Zoë A. Thomas, Richard Roberts, Richard T. Jones, Jonathan G. Palmer, Verity Flett, Gregory de Wet, David K. Hutchinson, Mathew J. Lipson, Pavla Fenwick, Ben R. Hines, Umberto Binetti, and Christopher J. Fogwill
Clim. Past, 15, 423–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-423-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-423-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The New Zealand subantarctic islands, in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, provide valuable records of past environmental change. We find that the Auckland Islands hosted a small ice cap around 384 000 years ago, but that there was little glaciation during the Last Glacial Maximum, around 21 000 years ago, in contrast to mainland New Zealand. This shows that the climate here is susceptible to changes in regional factors such as sea-ice expanse and the position of ocean fronts.
Kseniia Ashastina, Lutz Schirrmeister, Margret Fuchs, and Frank Kienast
Clim. Past, 13, 795–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-795-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-795-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first detailed description and sedimentological analyses of an 80 m permafrost sequence exposed in a mega-thaw slump near Batagay in the Yana Highlands, Russia, and attempt to deduce its genesis. First dating results (14C, OSL) show that the sequence represents a continental climate record spanning from the Middle Pleistocene to the Holocene. We suggest that the characteristics of the studied deposits are a result of various seasonally controlled climatically induced processes.
Pauline C. Treble, Andy Baker, Linda K. Ayliffe, Timothy J. Cohen, John C. Hellstrom, Michael K. Gagan, Silvia Frisia, Russell N. Drysdale, Alan D. Griffiths, and Andrea Borsato
Clim. Past, 13, 667–687, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-667-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-667-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Little is known about the climate of southern Australia during the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation owing to sparse records for this region. We present the first high-resolution data, derived from speleothems that grew 23–5 ka. It appears that recharge to the Flinders Ranges was higher than today, particularly during 18.9–15.8 ka, argued to be due to the enhanced availability of tropical moisture. An abrupt shift to aridity is recorded at 15.8 ka, associated with restored westerly airflow.
Andrea Catalina Gebhardt, Lieven Naudts, Lies De Mol, Jan Klerkx, Kanatbek Abdrakhmatov, Edward R. Sobel, and Marc De Batist
Clim. Past, 13, 73–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-73-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-73-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic profiles from the western and eastern deltas of Lake Issyk-Kul were used to identify lake-level changes of up to 400 m. Seven stratigraphic sequences were identified, each containing a series of delta lobes that were formed during former lake-level stillstands. Lake-level fluctuations point to significant changes in the strength and position of the Siberian High and the mid-latitude Westerlies. Their interplay is responsible for the amount of moisture that reaches this area.
James Shulmeister, Justine Kemp, Kathryn E. Fitzsimmons, and Allen Gontz
Clim. Past, 12, 1435–1444, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1435-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1435-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper highlights that small dunes (lunettes) formed on the eastern side of a lake in the Australian sub-tropics at the height of the last ice age (about 21,000 years ago) and in the early part of the current interglacial (9–6,000 years ago). This means that it was fairly wet at these times and also that there were strong westerly winds to form the dunes. Today strong westerly winds occur in winter, and we infer that the same was also true at those times, suggesting no change in circulation.
D. Y. Demezhko and A. A. Gornostaeva
Clim. Past, 11, 647–652, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-647-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-647-2015, 2015
M. Kehl, E. Eckmeier, S. O. Franz, F. Lehmkuhl, J. Soler, N. Soler, K. Reicherter, and G.-C. Weniger
Clim. Past, 10, 1673–1692, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1673-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1673-2014, 2014
G. Schwamborn, H. Meyer, L. Schirrmeister, and G. Fedorov
Clim. Past, 10, 1109–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1109-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1109-2014, 2014
A. Kadereit and G. A. Wagner
Clim. Past, 10, 783–796, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-783-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-783-2014, 2014
J. Kleman, J. Fastook, K. Ebert, J. Nilsson, and R. Caballero
Clim. Past, 9, 2365–2378, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2365-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2365-2013, 2013
J. M. López-García, H.-A. Blain, M. Bennàsar, M. Sanz, and J. Daura
Clim. Past, 9, 1053–1064, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1053-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1053-2013, 2013
M. Damaschke, R. Sulpizio, G. Zanchetta, B. Wagner, A. Böhm, N. Nowaczyk, J. Rethemeyer, and A. Hilgers
Clim. Past, 9, 267–287, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-267-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-267-2013, 2013
D. Mottaghy, G. Schwamborn, and V. Rath
Clim. Past, 9, 119–133, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-119-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-119-2013, 2013
G. Schwamborn, G. Fedorov, N. Ostanin, L. Schirrmeister, A. Andreev, and the El'gygytgyn Scientific Party
Clim. Past, 8, 1897–1911, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1897-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1897-2012, 2012
K. Žák, D. K. Richter, M. Filippi, R. Živor, M. Deininger, A. Mangini, and D. Scholz
Clim. Past, 8, 1821–1837, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1821-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1821-2012, 2012
F. Gasse, L. Vidal, A.-L. Develle, and E. Van Campo
Clim. Past, 7, 1261–1284, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1261-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1261-2011, 2011
Cited articles
Ahmed, A. and Clark, I.: Groundwater flow and geochemical evolution in the Central Flinders Ranges, South Australia, Sci. Total Environ., 572, 837–851, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.123, 2016.
Ahmed, A., Alrajhi, A., and Alquwaizany, A. S.: Identification of Groundwater Potential Recharge Zones in Flinders Ranges, South Australia Using Remote Sensing, GIS, and MIF Techniques, Water (Basel), 13, 2571, https://doi.org/10.3390/w13182571, 2021.
Ardi, R. D. W., Aswan, Maryunani, K. A., Yulianto, E., Putra, P. S., Nugroho, S. H., and Istiana: Last deglaciation-holocene Australian-Indonesian monsoon rainfall changes off southwest Sumba, Indonesia, Atmosphere, 11, 932, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090932, 2020.
Arora, V. K.: The use of the aridity index to assess climate change effect on annual runoff, J. Hydrol., 265, 164–177, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00101-4, 2002.
Atsawawaranunt, K., Comas-Bru, L., Amirnezhad Mozhdehi, S., Deininger, M., Harrison, S. P., Baker, A., Boyd, M., Kaushal, N., Ahmad, S. M., Ait Brahim, Y., Arienzo, M., Bajo, P., Braun, K., Burstyn, Y., Chawchai, S., Duan, W., Hatvani, I. G., Hu, J., Kern, Z., Labuhn, I., Lachniet, M., Lechleitner, F. A., Lorrey, A., Pérez-Mejías, C., Pickering, R., Scroxton, N., and SISAL Working Group Members: The SISAL database: a global resource to document oxygen and carbon isotope records from speleothems, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1687–1713, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1687-2018, 2018.
Ayliffe, L. K., Gagan, M. K., Zhao, J. X., Drysdale, R. N., Hellstrom, J. C., Hantoro, W. S., Griffiths, M. L., Scott-Gagan, H., Pierre, E. S., Cowley, J. A., and Suwargadi, B. W.: Rapid interhemispheric climate links via the Australasian monsoon during the last deglaciation, Nat. Commun., 4, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3908, 2013.
Bajo, P., Hellstrom, J., Frisia, S., Drysdale, R., Black, J., Woodhead, J., Borsato, A., Zanchetta, G., Wallace, M. W., Regattieri, E., and Haese, R.: “Cryptic” diagenesis and its implications for speleothem geochronologies, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 148, 17–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.06.020, 2016.
El Bani Altuna, N., Ezat, M. M., Smik, L., Muschitiello, F., Belt, S. T., Knies, J., and Rasmussen, T. L.: Sea ice–ocean coupling during Heinrich Stadials in the Atlantic–Arctic gateway, Sci. Rep., 14, 1065, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51532-7, 2024.
Bateman, M. D., Boulter, C. H., Carr, A. S., Frederick, C. D., Peter, D., and Wilder, M.: Preserving the palaeoenvironmental record in Drylands: Bioturbation and its significance for luminescence-derived chronologies, Sediment. Geol., 195, 5–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.07.003, 2007.
Bayon, G., De Deckker, P., Magee, J. W., Germain, Y., Bermell, S., Tachikawa, K., and Norman, M. D.: Extensive wet episodes in Late Glacial Australia resulting from high-latitude forcings, Sci. Rep.-UK, 7, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44054, 2017.
Beck, H. E., Zimmermann, N. E., McVicar, T. R., Vergopolan, N., Berg, A., and Wood, E. F.: Present and future Köppen–Geiger climate classification maps at 1 km resolution, Sci. Data, 7, 274, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00616-w, 2020.
Boas, T. and Mallants, D.: Episodic extreme rainfall events drive groundwater recharge in arid zone environments of central Australia, J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud., 40, 101005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101005, 2022.
BOM: Australian Government, Bureau of Meteorology, Climate Data Online, Daily Rainfall, Cradock (Yednalue), Product Code: IDCJAC0009, Reference: 118334562, 2024a.
BOM: Australian Government, Bureau of Meteorology, Recent and historical rainfall maps, Australian rainfall deciles, 1 January to 31 December 1974, Australian Gridded Climate Data, Product Code: IDCK200A00, 2024b.
Bowler, J. M., Duller, G., Perret, N., Prescott, J. R., and Wyrwoll, K. H.: Hydrological changes in monsoonal climates of the last glacial period stratigraphy and luminescence dating of Lake Woods, Palaeoclimates, 3., 179–207, 1998.
Bowler, J. M., Wyrwoll, K.-H., and Lu, Y.: Variations of the northwest Australian summer monsoon over the last 300 000 years: the paleohydrological record of the Gregory (Mulan) Lakes System, Quatern. Int., 63–80, 2001.
Burrell, A. L., Evans, J. P., and De Kauwe, M. G.: Anthropogenic climate change has driven over 5 million km2 of drylands towards desertification, Nat. Commun., 11, 3853, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17710-7, 2020.
Cadd, H., Petherick, L., Tyler, J., Herbert, A., Cohen, T. J., Sniderman, K., Barrows, T. T., Fulop, R. H., Knight, J., Kershaw, A. P., Colhoun, E. A., and Harris, M. R. P.: A continental perspective on the timing of environmental change during the last glacial stage in Australia, Quaternary Res., 102, 5–23, https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2021.16, 2021.
Cadd, H., Williams, A. N., Saktura, W. M., Cohen, T. J., Mooney, S. D., He, C., Otto-Bliesner, B., and Turney, C. S. M.: Last Glacial Maximum cooling induced positive moisture balance and maintained stable human populations in Australia, Commun. Earth Environ., 5, 52, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01204-1, 2024.
Carilli, J. E., McGregor, H. V., Gaudry, J. J., Donner, S. D., Gagan, M. K., Stevenson, S., Wong, H., and Fink, D.: Equatorial Pacific coral geochemical records show recent weakening of the Walker Circulation, Paleoceanography, 29, 1031–1045, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014PA002683, 2014.
Carr, A. S., Bateman, M. D., and Holmes, P. J.: Developing a 150 ka luminescence chronology for the barrier dunes of the southern Cape, South Africa, Quat. Geochronol., 2, 110–116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2006.09.002, 2007.
Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Sinha, A., Spötl, C., Yi, L., Chen, S., Kelly, M., Kathayat, G., Wang, X., Li, X., Kong, X., Wang, Y., Ning, Y., and Zhang, H.: The Asian monsoon over the past 640 000 years and ice age terminations, Nature, 534, 640–646, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18591, 2016.
Clark, I.: Groundwater Geochemistry and Isotopes, CRC Press, 456 pp., https://doi.org/10.1201/b18347, 2015.
Cohen, T. J., Nanson, G. C., Jansen, J. D., Jones, B. G., Jacobs, Z., Treble, P., Price, D. M., May, J. H., Smith, A. M., Ayliffe, L. K., and Hellstrom, J. C.: Continental aridification and the vanishing of Australia's megalakes, Geology, 39, 167–170, https://doi.org/10.1130/G31518.1, 2011.
Cohen, T. J., Nanson, G. C., Jansen, J. D., Jones, B. G., Jacobs, Z., Larsen, J. R., May, J. H., Treble, P., Price, D. M., and Smith, A. M.: Late Quaternary mega-lakes fed by the northern and southern river systems of central Australia: Varying moisture sources and increased continental aridity, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 356–357, 89–108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.06.023, 2012.
Cohen, T. J., Jansen, J. D., Gliganic, L. A., Larsen, J. R., Nanson, G. C., May, J. H., Jones, B. G., and Price, D. M.: Hydrological transformation coincided with megafaunal extinction in central Australia, Geology, 43, 195–198, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36346.1, 2015.
Cohen, T. J., Arnold, L. J., Gázquez, F., May, J. H., Marx, S. K., Jankowski, N. R., Chivas, A. R., Garćia, A., Cadd, H., Parker, A. G., Jansen, J. D., Fu, X., Waldmann, N., Nanson, G. C., Jones, B. G., and Gadd, P.: Late quaternary climate change in Australia's arid interior: Evidence from Kati Thanda – Lake Eyre, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 292, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107635, 2022.
Comas-Bru, L., Rehfeld, K., Roesch, C., Amirnezhad-Mozhdehi, S., Harrison, S. P., Atsawawaranunt, K., Ahmad, S. M., Brahim, Y. A., Baker, A., Bosomworth, M., Breitenbach, S. F. M., Burstyn, Y., Columbu, A., Deininger, M., Demény, A., Dixon, B., Fohlmeister, J., Hatvani, I. G., Hu, J., Kaushal, N., Kern, Z., Labuhn, I., Lechleitner, F. A., Lorrey, A., Martrat, B., Novello, V. F., Oster, J., Pérez-Mejías, C., Scholz, D., Scroxton, N., Sinha, N., Ward, B. M., Warken, S., Zhang, H., and SISAL Working Group members: SISALv2: a comprehensive speleothem isotope database with multiple age–depth models, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2579–2606, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2579-2020, 2020.
Corrick, E. C., Drysdale, R. N., Hellstrom, J. C., Capron, E., Rasmussen, S. O., Zhang, X., Fleitmann, D., Couchoud, I., and Wolff, E.: Synchronous timing of abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period, Science, 369, 963–969, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay5538, 2020.
Crameri, F., Shephard, G. E., and Heron, P. J.: The misuse of colour in science communication, Nat. Commun., 11, 5444, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19160-7, 2020.
Cruz, F. W., Vuille, M., Burns, S. J., Wang, X., Cheng, H., Werner, M., Lawrence Edwards, R., Karmann, I., Auler, A. S., and Nguyen, H.: Orbitally driven east–west antiphasing of South American precipitation, Nat. Geosci., 2, 210–214, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo444, 2009.
Day, C. C. and Henderson, G. M.: Controls on trace-element partitioning in cave-analogue calcite, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 120, 612–627, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.05.044, 2013.
De Deckker, P., Moros, M., Perner, K., Blanz, T., Wacker, L., Schneider, R., Barrows, T. T., O'Loingsigh, T., and Jansen, E.: Climatic evolution in the Australian region over the last 94 ka – spanning human occupancy –, and unveiling the Last Glacial Maximum, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 249, 106593, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106593, 2020.
Denniston, R. F., Asmerom, Y., Lachniet, M., Polyak, V. J., Hope, P., An, N., Rodzinyak, K., and Humphreys, W. F.: A Last Glacial Maximum through middle Holocene stalagmite record of coastal Western Australia climate, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 77, 101–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.07.002, 2013a.
Denniston, R. F., Wyrwoll, K. H., Polyak, V. J., Brown, J. R., Asmerom, Y., Wanamaker, A. D., LaPointe, Z., Ellerbroek, R., Barthelmes, M., Cleary, D., Cugley, J., Woods, D., and Humphreys, W. F.: A Stalagmite record of Holocene Indonesian-Australian Summer Monsoon variability from the Australian tropics, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 78, 155–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.004, 2013b.
Denniston, R. F., Wyrwoll, K. H., Asmerom, Y., Polyak, V. J., Humphreys, W. F., Cugley, J., Woods, D., LaPointe, Z., Peota, J., and Greaves, E.: North Atlantic forcing of millennial-scale Indo-Australian monsoon dynamics during the Last Glacial period, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 72, 159–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.04.012, 2013c.
DeVogel, S. B., Magee, J. W., Manley, W. F., and Miller, G. H.: A GIS-based reconstruction of late Quaternary paleohydrology: Lake Eyre, arid central Australia, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 204, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00690-4, 2004.
Dey, R., Bador, M., Alexander, L. V., and Lewis, S. C.: The drivers of extreme rainfall event timing in Australia, Int. J. Climatol., 41, 6654–6673, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7218, 2021.
Drysdale, R. N., Paul, B. T., Hellstrom, J. C., Couchoud, I., Greig, A., Bajo, P., Zanchetta, G., Isola, I., Spötl, C., Baneschi, I., Regattieri, E., and Woodhead, J. D.: Precise microsampling of poorly laminated speleothems for U-series dating, Quat. Geochronol., 14, 38–47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2012.06.009, 2012.
Drysdale, R. N., Zanchetta, G., Baneschi, I., Guidi, M., Isola, I., Couchoud, I., Piccini, L., Greig, A., Wong, H., Woodhead, J. D., Regattieri, E., Corrick, E., Paul, B., Spötl, C., Denson, E., Gordon, J., Jaillet, S., Dux, F., and Hellstrom, J. C.: Partitioning of Mg, Sr, Ba and U into a subaqueous calcite speleothem, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 264, 67–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.08.001, 2019.
Drysdale, R. N., Couchoud, I., Zanchetta, G., Isola, I., Regattieri, E., Hellstrom, J., Govin, A., Tzedakis, P. C., Ireland, T., Corrick, E., Greig, A., Wong, H., Piccini, L., Holden, P., and Woodhead, J.: Magnesium in subaqueous speleothems as a potential palaeotemperature proxy, Nat. Commun., 11, 5027, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18083-7, 2020.
Fairchild, I. J. and Baker, A.: Speleothem Science: from process to past environments, Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444361094, 2012.
Fairchild, I. J., Borsato, A., Tooth, A. F., Frisia, S., Hawkesworth, C. J., Huang, Y., McDermott, F., and Spiro, B.: Controls on trace element (Sr-Mg) compositions of carbonate cave waters: Implications for speleothem climatic records, Chem. Geol., 166, 255–269, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00216-8, 2000.
Fairchild, I. J., Smith, C. L., Baker, A., Fuller, L., Spötl, C., Mattey, D., and McDermott, F.: Modification and preservation of environmental signals in speleothems, Earth Sci. Rev., 75, 105–153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.08.003, 2006.
Falster, G., Tyler, J., Grant, K., Tibby, J., Turney, C., Löhr, S., Jacobsen, G., Kershaw, A. P., and Stefan, L.: Millennial-scale variability in south-east Australian hydroclimate between 30 000 and 10 000 years ago, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 192, 106–122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.05.031, 2018.
Faraji, M., Borsato, A., Frisia, S., Hartland, A., Hellstrom, J. C., and Greig, A.: High-resolution reconstruction of infiltration in the Southern Cook Islands based on trace elements in speleothems, Quaternary Res., 118, 20–40, https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2023.51, 2024.
Feng, S. and Fu, Q.: Expansion of global drylands under a warming climate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10081–10094, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10081-2013, 2013.
Field, E., Marx, S., Haig, J., May, J.-H., Jacobsen, G., Zawadzki, A., Child, D., Heijnis, H., Hotchkis, M., McGowan, H., and Moss, P.: Untangling geochronological complexity in organic spring deposits using multiple dating methods, Quat. Geochronol., 43, 50–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2017.10.002, 2018.
Field, M. S., Kraemer, S. R., and Palmer, A. N.: A Lexicon of Cave and Karst Terminology with Special Reference to Environmental Karst Hydrology, United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Centre for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, EPA/600/R-02/003, Washington, 2002.
Fildes, S. G., Clark, I. F., Somaratne, N. M., and Ashman, G.: Mapping groundwater potential zones using remote sensing and geographical information systems in a fractured rock setting, Southern Flinders Ranges, South Australia, J. Earth Syst. Sci., 129, 160, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-020-01420-1, 2020.
Fitzsimmons, K. E., Miller, G. H., Spooner, N. A., and Magee, J. W.: Aridity in the monsoon zone as indicated by desert dune formation in the Gregory lakes basin, northwestern Australia, Aust. J. Earth Sci., 59, 469–478, https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2012.686171, 2012.
Fitzsimmons, K. E., Cohen, T. J., Hesse, P. P., Jansen, J., Nanson, G. C., May, J. H., Barrows, T. T., Haberlah, D., Hilgers, A., Kelly, T., Larsen, J., Lomax, J., and Treble, P.: Late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental change in the Australian drylands, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 74, 78–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.09.007, 2013.
Fohlmeister, J., Scholz, D., Kromer, B., and Mangini, A.: Modelling carbon isotopes of carbonates in cave drip water, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 75, 5219–5228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.06.023, 2011.
Ford, D. and Williams, P.: Speleogenesis: The Development of Cave Systems, in: Karst Hydrogeology and Geomorphology, Wiley, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118684986.ch7, 2013.
Frisia, S.: Microstratigraphic logging of calcite fabrics in speleothems as tool for palaeoclimate studies, Int. J. Speleol., 44, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.44.1.1, 2015.
Fromhold, T. A. and Wallace, M. W.: Regional recognition of the Neoproterozoic Sturtian–Marinoan boundary, Northern and Central Adelaide Geosyncline, South Australia, Aust. J. Earth Sci., 59, 527–546, https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2012.673507, 2012.
Fu, X., Cohen, T. J., and Arnold, L. J.: Extending the record of lacustrine phases beyond the last interglacial for Lake Eyre in central Australia using luminescence dating, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 162, 88–110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.03.002, 2017.
Fujioka, T. and Chappell, J.: History of Australian aridity: chronology in the evolution of arid landscapes, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 346, 121–139, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP346.8, 2010.
Gelsinari, S., Bourke, S., McCallum, J., McFarlane, D., Hall, J., Silberstein, R., and Thompson, S.: Nonstationary recharge responses to a drying climate in the Gnangara Groundwater System, Western Australia, J. Hydrol., 633, 131007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131007, 2024.
Giddings, J. A., Wallace, M. W., and Woon, E. M. S.: Interglacial carbonates of the Cryogenian Umberatana Group, northern Flinders Ranges, South Australia, Aust. J. Earth Sci., 56, 907–925, https://doi.org/10.1080/08120090903005378, 2009.
Gillieson, D.: Glossary of Cave and Karst Terminology, Wiley, 302–314, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444313680.gloss, 1996.
Gliganic, L. A., Cohen, T. J., May, J. H., Jansen, J. D., Nanson, G. C., Dosseto, A., Larsen, J. R., and Aubert, M.: Late-Holocene climatic variability indicated by three natural archives in arid southern Australia, Holocene, 24, 104–117, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683613515732, 2014.
Griffiths, M. L., Fohlmeister, J., Drysdale, R. N., Hua, Q., Johnson, K. R., Hellstrom, J. C., Gagan, M. K., and Zhao, J. x.: Hydrological control of the dead carbon fraction in a Holocene tropical speleothem, Quat. Geochronol., 14, 81–93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2012.04.001, 2012.
Grimes, K. G.: The Gregory Karst, Australian Speleological Federation, 2006.
Habeck-Fardy, A. and Nanson, G. C.: Environmental character and history of the Lake Eyre Basin, one seventh of the Australian continent, Earth Sci. Rev., 132, 39–66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.02.003, 2014.
Han, L. F. and Plummer, L. N.: Revision of Fontes and Garnier's model for the initial 14C content of dissolved inorganic carbon used in groundwater dating, Chem. Geol., 351, 105–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.05.011, 2013.
Harrington, N. and Cook, P.: Groundwater in Australia, National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, Flinders University, Adelaide, 2014.
Hellstrom, J.: Rapid and accurate U/Th dating using parallel ion-counting multi-collector ICP-MS, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 18, 1346–1351, https://doi.org/10.1039/b308781f, 2003.
Hellstrom, J.: U-Th dating of speleothems with high initial 230Th using stratigraphical constraint, Quat. Geochronol., 1, 289–295, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2007.01.004, 2006.
Hodge, E. J., Richards, D. A., Smart, P. L., Andreo, B., Hoffmann, D. L., Mattey, D. P., and González-Ramón, A.: Effective precipitation in southern Spain (∼266 to 46 ka) based on a speleothem stable carbon isotope record, Quaternary Res. 69, 447–457, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.02.013, 2008.
Hogg, A. G., Heaton, T. J., Hua, Q., Palmer, J. G., Turney, C. S., Southon, J., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Boswijk, G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Pearson, C., Petchey, F., Reimer, P., Reimer, R., and Wacker, L.: SHCal20 Southern Hemisphere Calibration, 0–55 000 Years cal BP, Radiocarbon, 62, 759–778, https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.59, 2020.
Hua, Q., Jacobsen, G. E., Zoppi, U., Lawson, E. M., Williams, A. A., Smith, A. M., and McGann, M. J.: Progress in Radiocarbon Target Preparation at the Antares AMS Centre, Radiocarbon, 43, 275–282, https://doi.org/10.1017/S003382220003811X, 2001.
Hua, Q., McDonald, J., Redwood, D., Drysdale, R., Lee, S., Fallon, S., and Hellstrom, J.: Robust chronological reconstruction for young speleothems using radiocarbon, Quat. Geochronol., 14, 67–80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2012.04.017, 2012.
Huang, Y. and Fairchild, I. J.: Partitioning of Sr2+ and Mg2+ into calcite under karst-analogue experimental conditions, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 65, 47–62, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00513-5, 2001.
Huang, Y., Fairchild, I. J., Borsato, A., Frisia, S., Cassidy, N. J., McDermott, F., and Hawkesworth, C. J.: Seasonal variations in Sr, Mg and P in modern speleothems (Grotta di Ernesto, Italy), Chem. Geol., 175, 429–448, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00337-5, 2001.
Jasechko, S.: Global Isotope Hydrogeology – Review, Rev. Geophys., 57, 835–965, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000627, 2019.
Jasechko, S. and Taylor, R. G.: Intensive rainfall recharges tropical groundwaters, Environ. Res. Lett., 10, 124015, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124015, 2015.
Jennings, J. N.: The Australian Speleological Quarterly: Cave and Karst Terminology, Broadway, 1979.
Jochum, K. P., Weis, U., Stoll, B., Kuzmin, D., Yang, Q., Raczek, I., Jacob, D. E., Stracke, A., Birbaum, K., Frick, D. A., Günther, D., and Enzweiler, J.: Determination of Reference Values for NIST SRM 610–617 Glasses Following ISO Guidelines, Geostand. Geoanal. Res., 35, 397–429, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2011.00120.x, 2011.
Kalin, R. M.: Radiocarbon Dating of Groundwater Systems, in: Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology, Springer, Boston, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4557-6_4, 2000.
Kigoshi, K.: Alpha-Recoil Thorium-234: Dissolution into Water and the Uranium-234/Uranium-238 Disequilibrium in Nature, Science, 173, 47–48, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.173.3991.47, 1971.
Larsen, S. H. and Nicholls, N.: Southern Australian rainfall and the subtropical ridge: Variations, interrelationships, and trends, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL037786, 2009.
Laskar, J., Robutel, P., Joutel, F., Gastineau, M., Correia, A. C. M., and Levrard, B.: A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth, Astron. Astrophys., 428, 261–285, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20041335, 2004.
Lawrence, R. E.: The Geological Context of Caves in the Flinders Ranges, South Australian Geographical Journal, 108, 59–78, 2009.
LeGrand, H. E.: Perspective on karst hydrology, J. Hydrol., 61, 343–355, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(83)90257-3, 1983.
LeGrand, H. E. and Stringfield, V. T.: Development and Distribution of Permeability in Carbonate Aquifers, Water Resour. Res., 7, 1284–1294, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR007i005p01284, 1971.
Leon, J. X. and Cohen, T. J.: An improved bathymetric model for the modern and palaeo Lake Eyre, Geomorphology, 173–174, 69–79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.05.029, 2012.
Lu, J., Zhang, H., Li, H., Sha, L., Zhao, J., Li, Y., Wang, J., Dong, X., Edwards, R. L., Qian, Z., and Cheng, H.: A 120 year seasonally resolved speleothem record of precipitation seasonality from southeastern China, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 264, 107023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107023, 2021.
Magee, J. W., Bowler, J. M., Miller, G. H., and Williams, D. L. G.: Stratigraphy, sedimentology, chronology and palaeohydrology of Quaternary lacustrine deposits at Madigan Gulf, Lake Eyre, south Australia, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 113, 3–42, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(95)00060-Y, 1995.
Magee, J. W., Miller, G. H., Spooner, N. A., and Questiaux, D.: Continuous 150 k.y. monsoon record from Lake Eyre, Australia: Insolation-forcing implications and unexpected Holocene failure, Geology, 32, 885–888, https://doi.org/10.1130/G20672.1, 2004.
Markowska, M., Baker, A., Andersen, M. S., Jex, C. N., Cuthbert, M. O., Rau, G. C., Graham, P. W., Rutlidge, H., Mariethoz, G., Marjo, C. E., Treble, P. C., and Edwards, N.: Semi-arid zone caves: Evaporation and hydrological controls on δ18O drip water composition and implications for speleothem paleoclimate reconstructions, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 131, 285–301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.024, 2016.
Markowska, M., Cuthbert, M. O., Baker, A., Treble, P. C., Andersen, M. S., Adler, L., Griffiths, A., and Frisia, S.: Modern speleothem oxygen isotope hydroclimate records in water-limited SE Australia, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 270, 431–448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.12.007, 2020.
Martín-García, R., Alonso-Zarza, A. M., Martín-Pérez, A., Schröder-Ritzrau, A., and Ludwig, T.: Relationships between colour and diagenesis in the aragonite-calcite speleothems in Basajaún Etxea cave, Spain, Sediment. Geol., 312, 63–75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2014.08.001, 2014.
Martínez-Aguirre, A., Alcaraz-Pelegrina, J. M., and Rodríguez-Vidal, J.: U/Th dating of impure carbonates: 230Th/232Th activity ratios in detrital material, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Ch., 321, 71–81, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-019-06560-3, 2019.
Martini, J. E. J. and Grimes, K. G.: Epikarstic Maze Cave Development: Bullita Cave System, Judbarra/Gregory Karst, Tropical Australia, Helectite, 37–66, 2012.
Mattey, D., Lowry, D., Duffet, J., Fisher, R., Hodge, E., and Frisia, S.: A 53 year seasonally resolved oxygen and carbon isotope record from a modern Gibraltar speleothem: Reconstructed drip water and relationship to local precipitation, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 269, 80–95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.01.051, 2008.
May, J. H., Barrett, A., Cohen, T. J., Jones, B. G., Price, D., and Gliganic, L. A.: Late Quaternary evolution of a playa margin at Lake Frome, South Australia, J. Arid Environ., 122, 93–108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.06.012, 2015.
May, J. H., May, S. M., Marx, S. K., Cohen, T. J., Schuster, M., and Sims, A.: Towards understanding desert shorelines – coastal landforms and dynamics around ephemeral Lake Eyre North, South Australia, T. Roy. Soc. South Aust., 146, 59–89, https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2022.2050506, 2022.
McDonough, L. K., Iverach, C. P., Beckmann, S., Manefield, M., Rau, G. C., Baker, A., and Kelly, B. F. J.: Spatial variability of cave-air carbon dioxide and methane concentrations and isotopic compositions in a semi-arid karst environment, Environ. Earth Sci., 75, 700, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5497-5, 2016.
Meneghini, B., Simmonds, I., and Smith, I. N.: Association between Australian rainfall and the Southern Annular Mode, Int. J. Climatol., 27, 109–121, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1370, 2007.
Morgenstern, U. and Taylor, C. B.: Ultra low-level tritium measurement using electrolytic enrichment and LSC, Isot. Environ. Healt. S., 45, 96–117, https://doi.org/10.1080/10256010902931194, 2009.
Moseley, G. E., Edwards, R. L., Wendt, K. A., Cheng, H., Dublyansky, Y., Lu, Y., Boch, R., and Spötl, C.: Reconciliation of the Devils Hole climate record with orbital forcing, Science, 351, 165–168, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad4132, 2016.
Muller, J., McManus, J. F., Oppo, D. W., and Francois, R.: Strengthening of the Northeast Monsoon over the Flores Sea, Indonesia, at the time of Heinrich event 1, Geology, 40, 635–638, https://doi.org/10.1130/G32878.1, 2012.
Nanson, G. C., Callen, R. A., and Price, D. M.: Hydroclimatic interpretation of Quaternary shorelines on South Australian playas, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 144, 281–305, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00123-0, 1998.
Osmond, J. K. and Cowart, J. B.: The theory and uses of natural uranium isotopic variations in hydrology, At Energy Rev., 14, 621–679, 1976.
Osmond, J. K., Ivanovich, M., and Harmon, R. S.: Mobilisation and weathering of U/Th series radionuclides, in: Uranium Series Disequilibrium: Application to Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences, Clarenson Press, ISBN 0 19 854278 X, 1992.
Parkhurst, D. L. and Appelo, C. A. J.: User's guide to PHREEQC (Version 2): A computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994259, 1999.
Plater, A. J., Ivanovich, M., and Dugdale, R. E.: Uranium series disequilibrium in river sediments and waters: the significance of anomalous activity ratios, Appl. Geochem., 7, 101–110, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(92)90029-3, 1992.
Plummer, L. N. and Glynn, P. D.: Radiocarbon dating in groundwater systems, in: Isotope methods for dating old groundwater, IAEA, 33–89, 2013.
Pook, M. J., Risbey, J. S., Ummenhofer, C. C., Briggs, P. R., and Cohen, T. J.: A synoptic climatology of heavy rain events in the Lake Eyre and Lake Frome catchments, Front. Environ. Sci., 2, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2014.00054, 2014.
Sexton, R. T., Mullan, D., Kapelle, K., Mollet, N., and Hill, A. L.: Mairs Cave, Buckalowie Ck., Cave Exploration Group of South Australia, 1958.
Van Rampelbergh, M., Verheyden, S., Allan, M., Quinif, Y., Cheng, H., Edwards, L. R., Keppens, E., and Claeys, P.: A 500 year seasonally resolved δ18O and δ13C, layer thickness and calcite aspect record from a speleothem deposited in the Han-sur-Lesse cave, Belgium, Clim. Past, 11, 789–802, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-789-2015, 2015.
Reeves, J. M., Barrows, T. T., Cohen, T. J., Kiem, A. S., Bostock, H. C., Fitzsimmons, K. E., Jansen, J. D., Kemp, J., Krause, C., Petherick, L., Phipps, S. J., Armand, L. K., Ayliffe, L. K., Curran, M., De Deckker, P., Devriendt, L. S., Dodson, J., Dosseto, A., Dunbar, G. B., Drysdale, R. N., Fink, D., Fischer, M., Fletcher, M. S., Fujioka, T., Gagan, M. K., Griffiths, M. L., Haberlah, D., Haberle, S. G., Heikkila, U., Heijnis, H., Hesse, P. P., Hilgers, A., Ho, M., Howard, W., Hua, Q., Kelly, T., Larsen, J., Lewis, S., Lomax, J., Mackintosh, A., May, J. H., McGregor, H. V., Meisner, K., Mooney, S. D., Moss, P. T., Nanson, G. C., Pedro, J., Purcell, A., Shulmeister, J., Sloss, C., Swander, Z., Tibby, J., Treble, P., Van Der Kaars, S., White, D., and Woodward, C.: Climate variability over the last 35 000 years recorded in marine and terrestrial archives in the Australian region: An OZ-INTIMATE compilation, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 74, 21–34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.01.001, 2013a.
Reeves, J. M., Bostock, H. C., Ayliffe, L. K., Barrows, T. T., De Deckker, P., Devriendt, L. S., Dunbar, G. B., Drysdale, R. N., Fitzsimmons, K. E., Gagan, M. K., Griffiths, M. L., Haberle, S. G., Jansen, J. D., Krause, C., Lewis, S., McGregor, H. V., Mooney, S. D., Moss, P., Nanson, G. C., Purcell, A., and van der Kaars, S.: Palaeoenvironmental change in tropical Australasia over the last 30 000 years – a synthesis by the OZ-INTIMATE group, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 74, 97–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.027, 2013b.
Reid, K. J., King, A. D., Lane, T. P., and Short, E.: The Sensitivity of Atmospheric River Identification to Integrated Water Vapor Transport Threshold, Resolution, and Regridding Method, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2020JD032897, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032897, 2020.
Scott, L.: Fluctuations of vegetation and climate over the last 75 000 years in the Savanna Biome, South Africa: Tswaing Crater and Wonderkrater pollen sequences reviewed, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 145, 117–133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.05.035, 2016.
Skinner, L.: Facing future climate change: Is the past relevant?, Philos. T. R. Soc. A, 366, 4627–4645, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0228, 2008.
Steinke, S., Mohtadi, M., Prange, M., Varma, V., Pittauerova, D., and Fischer, H. W.: Mid- to Late-Holocene Australian-Indonesian summer monsoon variability, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 93, 142–154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.006, 2014.
Stuiver, M. and Polach, H. A.: Discussion reporting of 14C data, Radiocarbon, 19, 355–363, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200003672, 1977.
Taylor, R. G., Todd, M. C., Kongola, L., Maurice, L., Nahozya, E., Sanga, H., and MacDonald, A. M.: Evidence of the dependence of groundwater resources on extreme rainfall in East Africa, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 374–378, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1731, 2013.
Telfer, M. W., Hesse, P. P., Perez-Fernandez, M., Bailey, R. M., Bajkan, S., and Lancaster, N.: Morphodynamics, boundary conditions and pattern evolution within a vegetated linear dunefield, Geomorphology, 290, 85–100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.03.024, 2017.
Thomas, D. S. G. and Burrough, S. L.: Luminescence-based dune chronologies in southern Africa: Analysis and interpretation of dune database records across the subcontinent, Quatern. Int., 410, 30–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.09.008, 2016.
Treble, P. C., Baker, A., Ayliffe, L. K., Cohen, T. J., Hellstrom, J. C., Gagan, M. K., Frisia, S., Drysdale, R. N., Griffiths, A. D., and Borsato, A.: Hydroclimate of the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation in southern Australia's arid margin interpreted from speleothem records (23–15 ka), Clim. Past, 13, 667–687, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-667-2017, 2017.
Treble, P. C., Baker, A., Abram, N. J., Hellstrom, J. C., Crawford, J., Gagan, M. K., Borsato, A., Griffiths, A. D., Bajo, P., Markowska, M., Priestley, S. C., Hankin, S., and Paterson, D.: Ubiquitous karst hydrological control on speleothem oxygen isotope variability in a global study, Commun. Earth Environ., 3, 29, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00347-3, 2022.
Tremaine, D. M. and Froelich, P. N.: Speleothem trace element signatures: A hydrologic geochemical study of modern cave dripwaters and farmed calcite, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 121, 522–545, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.07.026, 2013.
Ünal-Imer, E., Shulmeister, J., Zhao, J. X., Uysal, I. T., and Feng, Y. X.: High-resolution trace element and stable/radiogenic isotope profiles of late Pleistocene to Holocene speleothems from Dim Cave, SW Turkey, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 452, 68–79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.04.015, 2016.
Vaks, A., Gutareva, O. S., Breitenbach, S. F. M., Avirmed, E., Mason, A. J., Thomas, A. L., Osinzev, A. V., Kononov, A. M., and Henderson, G. M.: Speleothems Reveal 500 000-Year History of Siberian Permafrost, Science, 340, 183–186, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228729, 2013.
Veth, P., Smith, M., Bowler, J., Fitzsimmons, K., Williams, A., and Hiscock, P.: Excavations At Parnkupirti, Lake Gregory, Great Sandy Desert: OSL Ages for Occupation before the Last Glacial Maximum, Aust. Archaeol., 69, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2009.11681896, 2009.
Villeneuve, S., Cook, P. G., Shanafield, M., Wood, C., and White, N.: Groundwater recharge via infiltration through an ephemeral riverbed, central Australia, J. Arid Environ., 117, 47–58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.02.009, 2015.
Wang, Y., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Kong, X., Shao, X., Chen, S., Wu, J., Jiang, X., Wang, X., and An, Z.: Millennial- and orbital-scale changes in the East Asian monsoon over the past 224 000 years, Nature, 451, 1090–1093, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06692, 2008.
Weij, R., Sniderman, J. M. K., Woodhead, J. D., Hellstrom, J. C., Brown, J. R., Drysdale, R. N., Reed, E., Bourne, S., and Gordon, J.: Elevated Southern Hemisphere moisture availability during glacial periods, Nature, 626, 319–326, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06989-3, 2024.
Welte, C., Fohlmeister, J., Wertnik, M., Wacker, L., Hattendorf, B., Eglinton, T. I., and Spötl, C.: Climatic variations during the Holocene inferred from radiocarbon and stable carbon isotopes in speleothems from a high-alpine cave, Clim. Past, 17, 2165–2177, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2165-2021, 2021.
Wilcken, K. M., Hotchkis, M., Levchenko, V., Fink, D., Hauser, T., and Kitchen, R.: From carbon to actinides: A new universal 1 MV accelerator mass spectrometer at ANSTO, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 361, 133–138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.04.054, 2015.
Williams, M., Cook, E., van der Kaars, S., Barrows, T., Shulmeister, J., and Kershaw, P.: Glacial and deglacial climatic patterns in Australia and surrounding regions from 35 000–10 000 years ago reconstructed from terrestrial and near-shore proxy data, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 2398–2419, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.04.020, 2009.
Winton, L. J.: Report on the Mount Burr phosphate and guano mine, Mining Review, 32, 56–59, 1920.
Winton, L. J.: Report on the guano deposits held by Nitrogen Limited at Arcoota and Buckalowie Creeks. Counties Hanson and Granville, out of hundreds, Mining Review, 36, 57–61, 1922.
Zomer, R. J., Xu, J., and Trabucco, A.: Version 3 of the Global Aridity Index and Potential Evapotranspiration Database, Sci Data, 9, 409, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01493-1, 2022.
Short summary
Climate change is causing enhanced aridity across many regions of the globe, leading to increased reliance on groundwater resources. We need to understand how groundwater recharge behaves in arid regions over long timescales; unfortunately, arid landscapes tend to preserve very little evidence of their climatic past. We present evidence to suggest that carbonate formations that grow in groundwater can be used as archives of past groundwater recharge in Australia's arid zone.
Climate change is causing enhanced aridity across many regions of the globe, leading to...
