Articles | Volume 18, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1321-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1321-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Jun 2022
Research article |
| 21 Jun 2022
| 21 Jun 2022
Improving temperature reconstructions from ice-core water-isotope records
Bradley R. Markle
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Eric J. Steig
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Firn, the permeable and porous material through which snow compacts into glacier ice, plays an important role in glacier hydrology, mass balance, and dynamics. We investigated seasonal to decadal evolution of firn on the Juneau Icefield using field measurements and firn modeling, and found that the firn is thinning and warming. Our study offers insights into consequent changes in firn hydrology, including declining refreezing capacity and inter-seasonal shifts in liquid water retention.
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The chemical records contained in a 12 m firn (ice) core from Peter I Island, a remote sub-Antarctic island situated in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean (the Bellingshausen Sea), capture changes in snowfall and temperature (2002–2017 CE). This data-sparse region has experienced dramatic climate change in recent decades, including sea ice decline and ice loss from adjacent West Antarctic glaciers.
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Firn, the permeable and porous material through which snow compacts into glacier ice, plays an important role in glacier hydrology, mass balance, and dynamics. We investigated seasonal to decadal evolution of firn on the Juneau Icefield using field measurements and firn modeling, and found that the firn is thinning and warming. Our study offers insights into consequent changes in firn hydrology, including declining refreezing capacity and inter-seasonal shifts in liquid water retention.
Elizabeth R. Thomas, Dieter Tetzner, Bradley Markle, Joel Pedro, Guisella Gacitúa, Dorothea Elisabeth Moser, and Sarah Jackson
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The chemical records contained in a 12 m firn (ice) core from Peter I Island, a remote sub-Antarctic island situated in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean (the Bellingshausen Sea), capture changes in snowfall and temperature (2002–2017 CE). This data-sparse region has experienced dramatic climate change in recent decades, including sea ice decline and ice loss from adjacent West Antarctic glaciers.
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Studying climate conditions near the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) during Earth’s past warm periods informs us about how global warming may influence AIS ice loss. Using a global climate model, we investigate climate conditions near the AIS during the Last Interglacial (129 to 116 kyr ago), a period with warmer global temperatures and higher sea level than today. We identify the orbital and freshwater forcings that could cause ice loss and probe the mechanisms that lead to warmer climate conditions.
Megan Thompson-Munson, Jennifer E. Kay, and Bradley R. Markle
The Cryosphere, 18, 3333–3350, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3333-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3333-2024, 2024
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The upper layers of the Greenland Ice Sheet are absorbent and can store meltwater that would otherwise flow into the ocean and raise sea level. The amount of meltwater that the ice sheet can store changes when the air temperature changes. We use a model to show that warming and cooling have opposite but unequal effects. Warming has a stronger effect than cooling, which highlights the vulnerability of the Greenland Ice Sheet to modern climate change.
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Glaciers in West Antarctica are rapidly melting, but the causes are unknown due to limited observations. A leading hypothesis is that an unusually large wind event in the 1940s initiated the ocean-driven melting. Using proxy reconstructions (e.g., using ice cores) and climate model simulations, we find that wind events similar to the 1940s event are relatively common on millennial timescales, implying that ocean variability or climate trends are also necessary to explain the start of ice loss.
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We describe a continuous-flow analysis (CFA) method to measure Δ17O by laser spectroscopy, and we show that centimeter-scale information can be measured reliably in ice cores by this method. We present seasonally resolved Δ17O data from Greenland and demonstrate that the measurement precision is not reduced by the CFA process. Our results encourage the development and use of CFA methods for Δ17O, and they identify calibration strategies as a target for method improvement.
Paul R. Holland, Gemma K. O'Connor, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Pierre Dutrieux, Kaitlin A. Naughten, Eric J. Steig, David P. Schneider, Adrian Jenkins, and James A. Smith
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The Antarctic Ice Sheet is losing ice, causing sea-level rise. However, it is not known whether human-induced climate change has contributed to this ice loss. In this study, we use evidence from climate models and palaeoclimate measurements (e.g. ice cores) to suggest that the ice loss was triggered by natural climate variations but is now sustained by human-forced climate change. This implies that future greenhouse-gas emissions may influence sea-level rise from Antarctica.
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Short summary
The geochemistry preserved in polar ice can provide detailed histories of Earth’s climate over millennia. Here we use the stable isotope ratios of ice from many Antarctic ice cores to reconstruct temperature variability of Antarctica and the midlatitude Southern Hemisphere over tens of thousands of years. We improve upon existing methods to estimate temperature from the geochemical measurements and investigate the patterns of climate change in the past.
The geochemistry preserved in polar ice can provide detailed histories of Earth’s climate over...
