Articles | Volume 17, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-587-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-587-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
04 Mar 2021
Research article |
| 04 Mar 2021
| 04 Mar 2021
Younger Dryas ice margin retreat in Greenland: new evidence from southwestern Greenland
Svend Funder
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
Anita H. L. Sørensen
Geosyd, 2730 Copenhagen, Denmark
Nicolaj K. Larsen
Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
Anders A. Bjørk
Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of
Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
Jason P. Briner
Department of Geology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
Jesper Olsen
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus,
Denmark
Anders Schomacker
Department of Geosciences, UiT, the Arctic University of Norway, 9037
Tromsø, Norway
Laura B. Levy
Department of Geology, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst St. Arcata, CA
95521, USA
Kurt H. Kjær
Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
Related authors
Anne Sofie Søndergaard, Nicolaj Krog Larsen, Olivia Steinemann, Jesper Olsen, Svend Funder, David Lundbek Egholm, and Kurt Henrik Kjær
Clim. Past, 16, 1999–2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1999-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1999-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present new results that show how the north Greenland Ice Sheet responded to climate changes over the last 11 700 years. We find that the ice sheet was very sensitive to past climate changes. Combining our findings with recently published studies reveals distinct differences in sensitivity to past climate changes between northwest and north Greenland. This highlights the sensitivity to past and possible future climate changes of two of the most vulnerable areas of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
Caleb K. Walcott-George, Allie Balter-Kennedy, Jason P. Briner, Joerg M. Schaefer, and Nicolás E. Young
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2983, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2983, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the history and drivers of Greenland Ice Sheet change is important to forecast future ice sheet retreat. We combined geologic mapping and cosmogenic nuclide measurements to investigate how the Greenland Ice Sheet formed the landscape of Inglefield Land, northwest Greenland. We found that Inglefield Land was covered by warm- and cold-based ice during multiple glacial cycles and that much of Inglefield Land is an ancient landscape.
Benjamin A. Keisling, Joerg M. Schaefer, Robert M. DeConto, Jason P. Briner, Nicolás E. Young, Caleb K. Walcott, Gisela Winckler, Allie Balter-Kennedy, and Sridhar Anandakrishnan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2427, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2427, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how much the Greenland ice sheet melted in response to past warmth helps better predicting future sea-level change. Here we present a framework for using numerical ice-sheet model simulations to provide constraints on how much mass the ice sheet loses before different areas become ice-free. As observations from subglacial archives become more abundant, this framework can guide subglacial sampling efforts to gain the most robust information about past ice-sheet geometries.
Karlee K. Prince, Jason P. Briner, Caleb K. Walcott, Brooke M. Chase, Andrew L. Kozlowski, Tammy M. Rittenour, and Erica P. Yang
Geochronology, 6, 409–427, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-409-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-409-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We fill a spatial data gap in the ice sheet retreat history of the Laurentide Ice Sheet after the Last Glacial Maximum and investigate a hypothesis that the ice sheet re-advanced into western New York, USA, at ~13 ka. With radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, we find that ice began retreating from its maximum extent after 20 ka, but glacial ice persisted in glacial landforms until ~15–14 ka when they finally stabilized. We find no evidence of a re-advance at ~13 ka.
Joseph P. Tulenko, Jason P. Briner, Nicolás E. Young, and Joerg M. Schaefer
Clim. Past, 20, 625–636, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-625-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-625-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We take advantage of a site in Alaska – where climate records are limited and a former alpine glacier deposited a dense sequence of moraines spanning the full deglaciation – to construct a proxy summer temperature record. Building on age constraints for moraines in the valley, we reconstruct paleo-glacier surfaces and estimate the summer temperatures (relative to the Little Ice Age) for each moraine. The record suggests that the influence of North Atlantic climate forcing extended to Alaska.
Niels J. Korsgaard, Kristian Svennevig, Anne S. Søndergaard, Gregor Luetzenburg, Mimmi Oksman, and Nicolaj K. Larsen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 757–772, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-757-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-757-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A tsunami wave will leave evidence of erosion and deposition in coastal lakes, making it possible to determine the runup height and when it occurred. Here, we use four lakes now located at elevations of 19–91 m a.s.l. close to the settlement of Saqqaq, West Greenland, to show that at least two giant tsunamis occurred 7300–7600 years ago with runup heights larger than 40 m. We infer that any tsunamis from at least nine giga-scale landslides must have happened 8500–10 000 years ago.
Caleb K. Walcott, Jason P. Briner, Joseph P. Tulenko, and Stuart M. Evans
Clim. Past, 20, 91–106, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-91-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-91-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Available data suggest that Alaska was not as cold as many of the high-latitude areas of the Northern Hemisphere during the Last Ice Age. These results come from isolated climate records, climate models, and data synthesis projects. We used the extents of mountain glaciers during the Last Ice Age and Little Ice Age to show precipitation gradients across Alaska and provide temperature data from across the whole state. Our findings support a relatively warm Alaska during the Last Ice Age.
Christof Pearce, Karen Søby Özdemir, Ronja Forchhammer Mathiasen, Henrieka Detlef, and Jesper Olsen
Geochronology, 5, 451–465, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-451-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-451-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Reliable chronologies lie at the base of paleoclimatological reconstructions. When working with marine sediment cores, the most common dating tool for recent sediments is radiocarbon, but this requires calibration to convert it to calendar ages. This calibration requires knowledge of the marine radiocarbon reservoir age, and this is known to vary in space and time. In this study we provide 92 new radiocarbon measurements to improve our knowledge of the reservoir age around Greenland.
Gifford H. Miller, Simon L. Pendleton, Alexandra Jahn, Yafang Zhong, John T. Andrews, Scott J. Lehman, Jason P. Briner, Jonathan H. Raberg, Helga Bueltmann, Martha Raynolds, Áslaug Geirsdóttir, and John R. Southon
Clim. Past, 19, 2341–2360, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2341-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2341-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Receding Arctic ice caps reveal moss killed by earlier ice expansions; 186 moss kill dates from 71 ice caps cluster at 250–450, 850–1000 and 1240–1500 CE and continued expanding 1500–1880 CE, as recorded by regions of sparse vegetation cover, when ice caps covered > 11 000 km2 but < 100 km2 at present. The 1880 CE state approached conditions expected during the start of an ice age; climate models suggest this was only reversed by anthropogenic alterations to the planetary energy balance.
Brandon L. Graham, Jason P. Briner, Nicolás E. Young, Allie Balter-Kennedy, Michele Koppes, Joerg M. Schaefer, Kristin Poinar, and Elizabeth K. Thomas
The Cryosphere, 17, 4535–4547, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4535-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4535-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Glacial erosion is a fundamental process operating on Earth's surface. Two processes of glacial erosion, abrasion and plucking, are poorly understood. We reconstructed rates of abrasion and quarrying in Greenland. We derive a total glacial erosion rate of 0.26 ± 0.16 mm per year. We also learned that erosion via these two processes is about equal. Because the site is similar to many other areas covered by continental ice sheets, these results may be applied to many places on Earth.
Sarah A. Woodroffe, Leanne M. Wake, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Natasha L. M. Barlow, Antony J. Long, and Kurt H. Kjær
Clim. Past, 19, 1585–1606, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1585-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1585-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Salt marsh in SE Greenland records sea level changes over the past 300 years in sediments and microfossils. The pattern is rising sea level until ~ 1880 CE and sea level fall since. This disagrees with modelled sea level, which overpredicts sea level fall by at least 0.5 m. This is the same even when reducing the overall amount of Greenland ice sheet melt and allowing for more time. Fitting the model to the data leaves ~ 3 mm yr−1 of unexplained sea level rise in SE Greenland since ~ 1880 CE.
Mads Dømgaard, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Flora Huiban, Jonathan L. Carrivick, Shfaqat A. Khan, and Anders A. Bjørk
The Cryosphere, 17, 1373–1387, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1373-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1373-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sudden releases of meltwater from glacier-dammed lakes can influence ice flow, cause flooding hazards and landscape changes. This study presents a record of 14 drainages from 2007–2021 from a lake in west Greenland. The time series reveals how the lake fluctuates between releasing large and small amounts of drainage water which is caused by a weakening of the damming glacier following the large events. We also find a shift in the water drainage route which increases the risk of flooding hazards.
Jason P. Briner, Caleb K. Walcott, Joerg M. Schaefer, Nicolás E. Young, Joseph A. MacGregor, Kristin Poinar, Benjamin A. Keisling, Sridhar Anandakrishnan, Mary R. Albert, Tanner Kuhl, and Grant Boeckmann
The Cryosphere, 16, 3933–3948, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3933-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3933-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The 7.4 m of sea level equivalent stored as Greenland ice is getting smaller every year. The uncertain trajectory of ice loss could be better understood with knowledge of the ice sheet's response to past climate change. Within the bedrock below the present-day ice sheet is an archive of past ice-sheet history. We analyze all available data from Greenland to create maps showing where on the ice sheet scientists can drill, using currently available drills, to obtain sub-ice materials.
Sophie Goliber, Taryn Black, Ginny Catania, James M. Lea, Helene Olsen, Daniel Cheng, Suzanne Bevan, Anders Bjørk, Charlie Bunce, Stephen Brough, J. Rachel Carr, Tom Cowton, Alex Gardner, Dominik Fahrner, Emily Hill, Ian Joughin, Niels J. Korsgaard, Adrian Luckman, Twila Moon, Tavi Murray, Andrew Sole, Michael Wood, and Enze Zhang
The Cryosphere, 16, 3215–3233, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3215-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3215-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Terminus traces have been used to understand how Greenland's glaciers have changed over time; however, manual digitization is time-intensive, and a lack of coordination leads to duplication of efforts. We have compiled a dataset of over 39 000 terminus traces for 278 glaciers for scientific and machine learning applications. We also provide an overview of an updated version of the Google Earth Engine Digitization Tool (GEEDiT), which has been developed specifically for the Greenland Ice Sheet.
Romain Millan, Jeremie Mouginot, Anna Derkacheva, Eric Rignot, Pietro Milillo, Enrico Ciraci, Luigi Dini, and Anders Bjørk
The Cryosphere, 16, 3021–3031, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3021-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3021-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We detect for the first time a dramatic retreat of the grounding line of Petermann Glacier, a major glacier of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Using satellite data, we also observe a speedup of the glacier and a fracturing of the ice shelf. This sequence of events is coherent with ocean warming in this region and suggests that Petermann Glacier has initiated a phase of destabilization, which is of prime importance for the stability and future contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet to sea level rise.
Gregor Luetzenburg, Kristian Svennevig, Anders A. Bjørk, Marie Keiding, and Aart Kroon
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3157–3165, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3157-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3157-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We produced the first landslide inventory for Denmark. Over 3200 landslides were mapped using a high-resolution elevation model and orthophotos. We implemented an independent validation into our mapping and found an overall level of completeness of 87 %. The national inventory represents a range of landslide sizes covering all regions that were covered by glacial ice during the last glacial period. This inventory will be used for investigating landslide causes and for natural hazard mitigation.
Joshua K. Cuzzone, Nicolás E. Young, Mathieu Morlighem, Jason P. Briner, and Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel
The Cryosphere, 16, 2355–2372, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2355-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2355-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use an ice sheet model to determine what influenced the Greenland Ice Sheet to retreat across a portion of southwestern Greenland during the Holocene (about the last 12 000 years). Our simulations, constrained by observations from geologic markers, show that atmospheric warming and ice melt primarily caused the ice sheet to retreat rapidly across this domain. We find, however, that iceberg calving at the interface where the ice meets the ocean significantly influenced ice mass change.
William Colgan, Agnes Wansing, Kenneth Mankoff, Mareen Lösing, John Hopper, Keith Louden, Jörg Ebbing, Flemming G. Christiansen, Thomas Ingeman-Nielsen, Lillemor Claesson Liljedahl, Joseph A. MacGregor, Árni Hjartarson, Stefan Bernstein, Nanna B. Karlsson, Sven Fuchs, Juha Hartikainen, Johan Liakka, Robert S. Fausto, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Anders Bjørk, Jens-Ove Naslund, Finn Mørk, Yasmina Martos, Niels Balling, Thomas Funck, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Dorthe Petersen, Ulrik Gregersen, Gregers Dam, Tove Nielsen, Shfaqat A. Khan, and Anja Løkkegaard
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2209–2238, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We assemble all available geothermal heat flow measurements collected in and around Greenland into a new database. We use this database of point measurements, in combination with other geophysical datasets, to model geothermal heat flow in and around Greenland. Our geothermal heat flow model is generally cooler than previous models of Greenland, especially in southern Greenland. It does not suggest any high geothermal heat flows resulting from Icelandic plume activity over 50 million years ago.
Caleb K. Walcott, Jason P. Briner, James F. Baichtal, Alia J. Lesnek, and Joseph M. Licciardi
Geochronology, 4, 191–211, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-191-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-191-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a record of ice retreat from the northern Alexander Archipelago, Alaska. During the last ice age (~ 26 000–19 000 years ago), these islands were covered by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. We tested whether islands were ice-free during the last ice age for human migrants moving from Asia to the Americas. We found that these islands became ice-free between ~ 15 100 years ago and ~ 16 000 years ago, and thus these islands were not suitable for human habitation during the last ice age.
Henrieka Detlef, Brendan Reilly, Anne Jennings, Mads Mørk Jensen, Matt O'Regan, Marianne Glasius, Jesper Olsen, Martin Jakobsson, and Christof Pearce
The Cryosphere, 15, 4357–4380, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4357-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4357-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here we examine the Nares Strait sea ice dynamics over the last 7000 years and their implications for the late Holocene readvance of the floating part of Petermann Glacier. We propose that the historically observed sea ice dynamics are a relatively recent feature, while most of the mid-Holocene was marked by variable sea ice conditions in Nares Strait. Nonetheless, major advances of the Petermann ice tongue were preceded by a shift towards harsher sea ice conditions in Nares Strait.
Douglas P. Steen, Joseph S. Stoner, Jason P. Briner, and Darrell S. Kaufman
Geochronology Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2021-19, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2021-19, 2021
Publication in GChron not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
Paleomagnetic data from Cascade Lake (Brooks Range, Alaska) extend the radiometric-based age model of the sedimentary sequence extending back 21 kyr. Correlated ages based on prominent features in paleomagnetic secular variations (PSV) diverge from the radiometric ages in the upper 1.6 m, by up to about 2000 years at around 4 ka. Four late Holocene cryptotephra in this section support the PSV chronology and suggest the influence of hard water or aged organic material.
Nicolás E. Young, Alia J. Lesnek, Josh K. Cuzzone, Jason P. Briner, Jessica A. Badgeley, Alexandra Balter-Kennedy, Brandon L. Graham, Allison Cluett, Jennifer L. Lamp, Roseanne Schwartz, Thibaut Tuna, Edouard Bard, Marc W. Caffee, Susan R. H. Zimmerman, and Joerg M. Schaefer
Clim. Past, 17, 419–450, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-419-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-419-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) margin is exposing a bedrock landscape that holds clues regarding the timing and extent of past ice-sheet minima. We present cosmogenic nuclide measurements from recently deglaciated bedrock surfaces (the last few decades), combined with a refined chronology of southwestern Greenland deglaciation and model simulations of GrIS change. Results suggest that inland retreat of the southwestern GrIS margin was likely minimal in the middle to late Holocene.
Anne Sofie Søndergaard, Nicolaj Krog Larsen, Olivia Steinemann, Jesper Olsen, Svend Funder, David Lundbek Egholm, and Kurt Henrik Kjær
Clim. Past, 16, 1999–2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1999-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1999-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present new results that show how the north Greenland Ice Sheet responded to climate changes over the last 11 700 years. We find that the ice sheet was very sensitive to past climate changes. Combining our findings with recently published studies reveals distinct differences in sensitivity to past climate changes between northwest and north Greenland. This highlights the sensitivity to past and possible future climate changes of two of the most vulnerable areas of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
Joseph P. Tulenko, William Caffee, Avriel D. Schweinsberg, Jason P. Briner, and Eric M. Leonard
Geochronology, 2, 245–255, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-245-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the timing and rate of retreat for three alpine glaciers in the southern Rocky Mountains to test whether they followed the pattern of global climate change or were majorly influenced by regional forcing mechanisms. We find that the latter is most likely for these glaciers. Our conclusions are based on a new 10Be chronology of alpine glacier retreat. We quantify retreat rates for each valley using the BACON program in R, which may be of interest for the audience of Geochronology.
Jacob Downs, Jesse Johnson, Jason Briner, Nicolás Young, Alia Lesnek, and Josh Cuzzone
The Cryosphere, 14, 1121–1137, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1121-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1121-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We use an inverse modeling approach based on the unscented transform (UT) and a new reconstruction of Holocene ice sheet retreat in western central Greenland to infer precipitation changes throughout the Holocene. Our results indicate that warming during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) was linked to elevated snowfall that slowed retreat despite high temperatures. We also find that the UT provides a computationally inexpensive approach to Bayesian inversion and uncertainty quantification.
Joshua K. Cuzzone, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Mathieu Morlighem, Eric Larour, Jason P. Briner, Helene Seroussi, and Lambert Caron
The Cryosphere, 13, 879–893, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-879-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-879-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present ice sheet modeling results of ice retreat over southwestern Greenland during the last 12 000 years, and we also test the impact that model horizontal resolution has on differences in the simulated spatial retreat and its associated rate. Results indicate that model resolution plays a minor role in simulated retreat in areas where bed topography is not complex but plays an important role in areas where bed topography is complex (such as fjords).
Kristian Kjellerup Kjeldsen, Reimer Wilhelm Weinrebe, Jørgen Bendtsen, Anders Anker Bjørk, and Kurt Henrik Kjær
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 589–600, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-589-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-589-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present bathymetric and hydrographic measurements from two fjords in southeastern Greenland surveyed in 2014, leading to improved knowledge of the fjord morphology and an assessment of the variability in water masses in the fjords systems. Data were collected as part of a larger field campaign in which we targeted marine and terrestrial observations to assess the long-term behavior of the Greenland ice sheet and provide linkages to modern observations.
Jacob C. Yde, Niels T. Knudsen, Jørgen P. Steffensen, Jonathan L. Carrivick, Bent Hasholt, Thomas Ingeman-Nielsen, Christian Kronborg, Nicolaj K. Larsen, Sebastian H. Mernild, Hans Oerter, David H. Roberts, and Andrew J. Russell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1197–1210, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1197-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1197-2016, 2016
A. A. Bjørk, L. M. Kruse, and P. B. Michaelsen
The Cryosphere, 9, 2215–2218, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2215-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2215-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
During the last centuries hundreds of glaciers in Greenland have been mapped and named. Here we present the official database of all Greenlandic glacier names - consisting of 733 glacier names that have been approved by the Greenlandic authorities. This data set will help researchers working with Greenlandic glaciers in naming the glaciers properly in order to avoid future misunderstandings and will help the researcher who is looking for older glacier names found in the historic literature.
A. Damsgaard, D. L. Egholm, J. A. Piotrowski, S. Tulaczyk, N. K. Larsen, and C. F. Brædstrup
The Cryosphere, 9, 2183–2200, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2183-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2183-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper details a new algorithm for performing computational experiments of subglacial granular deformation. The numerical approach allows detailed studies of internal sediment and pore-water dynamics under shear. Feedbacks between sediment grains and pore water can cause rate-dependent strengthening, which additionally contributes to the plastic shear strength of the granular material. Hardening can stabilise patches of the subglacial beds with implications for landform development.
S. A. Khan, K. K. Kjeldsen, K. H. Kjær, S. Bevan, A. Luckman, A. Aschwanden, A. A. Bjørk, N. J. Korsgaard, J. E. Box, M. van den Broeke, T. M. van Dam, and A. Fitzner
The Cryosphere, 8, 1497–1507, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1497-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1497-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Continental Surface Processes | Archive: Terrestrial Archives | Timescale: Pleistocene
The climate and vegetation of Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East during the Last Glacial Maximum (21 000 yr BP) based on pollen data
Improving the age constraints on the archeological record in Scladina Cave (Belgium): new speleothem U-Th ages and paleoclimatological data
Climate changes during the Late Glacial in southern Europe: new insights based on pollen and brGDGTs of Lake Matese in Italy
Late Pleistocene glacial chronologies and paleoclimate in the northern Rocky Mountains
Cryogenic cave carbonates in the Dolomites (northern Italy): insights into Younger Dryas cooling and seasonal precipitation
Pleistocene glacial history of the New Zealand subantarctic islands
Palaeoclimate characteristics in interior Siberia of MIS 6–2: first insights from the Batagay permafrost mega-thaw slump in the Yana Highlands
Hydroclimate of the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation in southern Australia's arid margin interpreted from speleothem records (23–15 ka)
High-amplitude lake-level changes in tectonically active Lake Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan) revealed by high-resolution seismic reflection data
Constant wind regimes during the Last Glacial Maximum and early Holocene: evidence from Little Llangothlin Lagoon, New England Tablelands, eastern Australia
Late Pleistocene–Holocene ground surface heat flux changes reconstructed from borehole temperature data (the Urals, Russia)
Sediment sequence and site formation processes at the Arbreda Cave, NE Iberian Peninsula, and implications on human occupation and climate change during the Last Glacial
Past freeze and thaw cycling in the margin of the El'gygytgyn crater deduced from a 141 m long permafrost record
Geochronological reconsideration of the eastern European key loess section at Stayky in Ukraine
Pre-LGM Northern Hemisphere ice sheet topography
Heinrich event 4 characterized by terrestrial proxies in southwestern Europe
Tephrostratigraphic studies on a sediment core from Lake Prespa in the Balkans
Past climate changes and permafrost depth at the Lake El'gygytgyn site: implications from data and thermal modeling
Depositional dynamics in the El'gygytgyn Crater margin: implications for the 3.6 Ma old sediment archive
Coarsely crystalline cryogenic cave carbonate – a new archive to estimate the Last Glacial minimum permafrost depth in Central Europe
Hydrological variability in the Northern Levant: a 250 ka multi-proxy record from the Yammoûneh (Lebanon) sedimentary sequence
Basil A. S. Davis, Marc Fasel, Jed O. Kaplan, Emmanuele Russo, and Ariane Burke
Clim. Past, 20, 1939–1988, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1939-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1939-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
During the last ice age (21 000 yr BP) in Europe, the composition and extent of forest and its associated climate remain unclear, with models indicating more forest north of the Alps and a warmer and somewhat wetter climate than suggested by the data. A new compilation of pollen records with improved dating suggests greater agreement with model climates but still suggests models overestimate forest cover, especially in the west.
Hubert Vonhof, Sophie Verheyden, Dominique Bonjean, Stéphane Pirson, Michael Weber, Denis Scholz, John Hellstrom, Hai Cheng, Xue Jia, Kevin Di Modica, Gregory Abrams, Marjan van Nunen, Joost Ruiter, Michèlle van der Does, Daniel Böhl, and Jeroen van der Lubbe
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-27, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-27, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for CP
Short summary
Short summary
The sedimentary sequence in Scladina Cave (Belgium) is well-known for its rich archeological assemblages and its numerous faunal remains. Of particular interest is the presence of a nearly complete jaw bone of a Neandertal child. In this study, we present new Uranium-series ages of stalagmites from the archeological sequence which allow more precise dating of the archeological finds. One key result is that the Neandertal child may be slightly older than previously thought.
Mary Robles, Odile Peyron, Guillemette Ménot, Elisabetta Brugiapaglia, Sabine Wulf, Oona Appelt, Marion Blache, Boris Vannière, Lucas Dugerdil, Bruno Paura, Salomé Ansanay-Alex, Amy Cromartie, Laurent Charlet, Stephane Guédron, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, and Sébastien Joannin
Clim. Past, 19, 493–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-493-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-493-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantitative climate reconstructions based on pollen and brGDGTs reveal, for the Late Glacial, a warm Bølling–Allerød and a marked cold Younger Dryas in Italy, showing no latitudinal differences in terms of temperatures across Italy. In terms of precipitation, no latitudinal differences are recorded during the Bølling–Allerød, whereas 40–42° N appears as a key junction point between wetter conditions in southern Italy and drier conditions in northern Italy during the Younger Dryas.
Brendon J. Quirk, Elizabeth Huss, Benjamin J. C. Laabs, Eric Leonard, Joseph Licciardi, Mitchell A. Plummer, and Marc W. Caffee
Clim. Past, 18, 293–312, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-293-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-293-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers in the northern Rocky Mountains began retreating 17 000 to 18 000 years ago, after the end of the most recent global ice volume maxima. Climate in the region during this time was likely 10 to 8.5° colder than modern with less than or equal to present amounts of precipitation. Glaciers across the Rockies began retreating at different times but eventually exhibited similar patterns of retreat, suggesting a common mechanism influencing deglaciation.
Gabriella Koltai, Christoph Spötl, Alexander H. Jarosch, and Hai Cheng
Clim. Past, 17, 775–789, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-775-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-775-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper utilises a novel palaeoclimate archive from caves, cryogenic cave carbonates, which allow for precisely constraining permafrost thawing events in the past. Our study provides new insights into the climate of the Younger Dryas (12 800 to 11 700 years BP) in mid-Europe from the perspective of a high-elevation cave sensitive to permafrost development. We quantify seasonal temperature and precipitation changes by using a heat conduction model.
Eleanor Rainsley, Chris S. M. Turney, Nicholas R. Golledge, Janet M. Wilmshurst, Matt S. McGlone, Alan G. Hogg, Bo Li, Zoë A. Thomas, Richard Roberts, Richard T. Jones, Jonathan G. Palmer, Verity Flett, Gregory de Wet, David K. Hutchinson, Mathew J. Lipson, Pavla Fenwick, Ben R. Hines, Umberto Binetti, and Christopher J. Fogwill
Clim. Past, 15, 423–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-423-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-423-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The New Zealand subantarctic islands, in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, provide valuable records of past environmental change. We find that the Auckland Islands hosted a small ice cap around 384 000 years ago, but that there was little glaciation during the Last Glacial Maximum, around 21 000 years ago, in contrast to mainland New Zealand. This shows that the climate here is susceptible to changes in regional factors such as sea-ice expanse and the position of ocean fronts.
Kseniia Ashastina, Lutz Schirrmeister, Margret Fuchs, and Frank Kienast
Clim. Past, 13, 795–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-795-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-795-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first detailed description and sedimentological analyses of an 80 m permafrost sequence exposed in a mega-thaw slump near Batagay in the Yana Highlands, Russia, and attempt to deduce its genesis. First dating results (14C, OSL) show that the sequence represents a continental climate record spanning from the Middle Pleistocene to the Holocene. We suggest that the characteristics of the studied deposits are a result of various seasonally controlled climatically induced processes.
Pauline C. Treble, Andy Baker, Linda K. Ayliffe, Timothy J. Cohen, John C. Hellstrom, Michael K. Gagan, Silvia Frisia, Russell N. Drysdale, Alan D. Griffiths, and Andrea Borsato
Clim. Past, 13, 667–687, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-667-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-667-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Little is known about the climate of southern Australia during the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation owing to sparse records for this region. We present the first high-resolution data, derived from speleothems that grew 23–5 ka. It appears that recharge to the Flinders Ranges was higher than today, particularly during 18.9–15.8 ka, argued to be due to the enhanced availability of tropical moisture. An abrupt shift to aridity is recorded at 15.8 ka, associated with restored westerly airflow.
Andrea Catalina Gebhardt, Lieven Naudts, Lies De Mol, Jan Klerkx, Kanatbek Abdrakhmatov, Edward R. Sobel, and Marc De Batist
Clim. Past, 13, 73–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-73-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-73-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic profiles from the western and eastern deltas of Lake Issyk-Kul were used to identify lake-level changes of up to 400 m. Seven stratigraphic sequences were identified, each containing a series of delta lobes that were formed during former lake-level stillstands. Lake-level fluctuations point to significant changes in the strength and position of the Siberian High and the mid-latitude Westerlies. Their interplay is responsible for the amount of moisture that reaches this area.
James Shulmeister, Justine Kemp, Kathryn E. Fitzsimmons, and Allen Gontz
Clim. Past, 12, 1435–1444, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1435-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1435-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper highlights that small dunes (lunettes) formed on the eastern side of a lake in the Australian sub-tropics at the height of the last ice age (about 21,000 years ago) and in the early part of the current interglacial (9–6,000 years ago). This means that it was fairly wet at these times and also that there were strong westerly winds to form the dunes. Today strong westerly winds occur in winter, and we infer that the same was also true at those times, suggesting no change in circulation.
D. Y. Demezhko and A. A. Gornostaeva
Clim. Past, 11, 647–652, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-647-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-647-2015, 2015
M. Kehl, E. Eckmeier, S. O. Franz, F. Lehmkuhl, J. Soler, N. Soler, K. Reicherter, and G.-C. Weniger
Clim. Past, 10, 1673–1692, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1673-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1673-2014, 2014
G. Schwamborn, H. Meyer, L. Schirrmeister, and G. Fedorov
Clim. Past, 10, 1109–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1109-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1109-2014, 2014
A. Kadereit and G. A. Wagner
Clim. Past, 10, 783–796, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-783-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-783-2014, 2014
J. Kleman, J. Fastook, K. Ebert, J. Nilsson, and R. Caballero
Clim. Past, 9, 2365–2378, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2365-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2365-2013, 2013
J. M. López-García, H.-A. Blain, M. Bennàsar, M. Sanz, and J. Daura
Clim. Past, 9, 1053–1064, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1053-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1053-2013, 2013
M. Damaschke, R. Sulpizio, G. Zanchetta, B. Wagner, A. Böhm, N. Nowaczyk, J. Rethemeyer, and A. Hilgers
Clim. Past, 9, 267–287, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-267-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-267-2013, 2013
D. Mottaghy, G. Schwamborn, and V. Rath
Clim. Past, 9, 119–133, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-119-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-119-2013, 2013
G. Schwamborn, G. Fedorov, N. Ostanin, L. Schirrmeister, A. Andreev, and the El'gygytgyn Scientific Party
Clim. Past, 8, 1897–1911, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1897-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1897-2012, 2012
K. Žák, D. K. Richter, M. Filippi, R. Živor, M. Deininger, A. Mangini, and D. Scholz
Clim. Past, 8, 1821–1837, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1821-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1821-2012, 2012
F. Gasse, L. Vidal, A.-L. Develle, and E. Van Campo
Clim. Past, 7, 1261–1284, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1261-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1261-2011, 2011
Cited articles
Andrews, J. T., Cabedo-Sanz, P., Jennings, A. E.,
Olafsdottir, S., Belt, S. T., and Geirsdottir, A.: Sea ice, ice-rafting, and
ocean climate across Denmark Strait during rapid deglaciation (similar to
16–12 cal ka BP) of the Iceland and East Greenland shelves, J.
Quaternary Sci., 33, 112–130, 2018.
Arndt, J. E.: Marine geomorphological record of Ice Sheet development in
East Greenland since the Last Glacial Maximum, J. Quaternary
Sci., 33, 853–864, 2018.
Arndt, J. E., Jokat, W., and Dorschel, B.: The last glaciation and
deglaciation of the Northeast Greenland continental shelf revealed by
hydro-acoustic data, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 160, 45–56, 2017.
Balco, G., Stone, J. O., Lifton, N. A., and Dunai, T. J.: A complete and easily accessible means of calculating surface exposure ages or erosion rates from 10Be and 26Al measurements, Quaternary Geochronol., 3, 174–195, 2008.
Björck, S., Bennike, O., Rosen, P., Andresen, C. S., Bohncke, S., Kaas, E., and Conley, D.: Anomalously mild Younger Dryas summer conditions in southern Greenland, Geology, 30, 427–430, 2002.
Bjørk, A. A., Kjær, K. H., Korsgaard, N. J., Khan, A., Kjeldsen, K. K., Andresen, C., Box, J. E., Larsen, N. K., and Funder, S.: An aerial view of 80 years of climate-related glacier fluctuations in southeast Greenland, Nat. Geosci., 5, 427–432, 2012.
Brett, C. P. and Zarudski, E. F. K.: Project Westmar, a shallow marine geophysical survey on the West Greenland shelf, Geol. Surv. Greenland, 87, 1–27, 1979.
Briner, J.: UB Quartz Cleaning Procedure, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, Ny, 20 pp., 2015.
Briner, J. P., Goehring, B. M., Mangerud, J., and Svendsen, J. I.: The deep accumulation of Be-10 at Utsira, southwestern Norway: Implications for cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating in peripheral ice sheet landscapes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 9121–9129, 2016.
Briner, J. P., Miller, G. H., Davis, P. T., and Finkel, R. C.: Cosmogenic radionuclides from fiord landscapes support differential erosion by overriding ice sheets, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 118, 406–420,
2006.
Buizert, C., Gkinis, V., Severinghaus, J. P., He, F., Lecavalier, B. S., Kindler, P., Leuenberger, M., Carlson, A. E., Vinther, B., Masson-Delmotte, V., White, J. W. C., Liu, Z. Y., Otto-Bliesner, B., and Brook, E. J.: Greenland temperature response to climate forcing during the last deglaciation, Science, 345, 1177–1180, 2014.
Buizert, C., Keisling, B. A., Box, J. E., He, F., Carlson, A. E., Sinclair,
G., and DeConto, R. M.: Greenland-Wide Seasonal Temperatures During the Last
Deglaciation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 1905–1914, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075601, 2018.
Carlson, A. E.: The Younger Dryas Climate Event, Enc. Quaternary Sci., 3, 126–134, 2013.
Corbett, L. B., Bierman, P. R., Graly, J. A., Neumann, T. A., and Rood, D. H.: Constraining landscape history and glacial erosivity using paired cosmogenic nuclides in Upernavik, northwest Greenland, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 125, 1539–1553, 2013.
Denton, G. H., Alley, R. B., Comer, G. C., and Broecker, W. S.: The role of seasonality in abrupt climate change, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 1159–1182, 2005.
Dowdeswell, J. A. and Fugelli, E. M. G.: The seismic architecture and geometry of grounding-zone wedges formed at the marine margins of past ice sheets, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 124, 1750–1761, 2012.
Dyke, L. M., Hughes, A. L., Andresen, C. S., Murray, T., Hiemstra, J. F., Bjørk, A. A., and Rodés, Á.: The deglaciation of coastal areas of southeast Greenland, Holocene, 28, 1535–1544, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683618777067, 2018.
Ezat, M. M., Rasmussen, T. L., and Groeneveld, J.: Persistent intermediate water warming during cold stadials in the southeastern Nordic seas during the past 65 k.y., Geology, 42, 663–666, 2014.
Flückiger, J., Knutti, R., White, J. W. C., and Renssen, H.: Modeled seasonality of glacial abrupt climate events, Clim Dyn., 31, 633–645, 2008.
Funder, S., Kjeldsen, K. K., Kjaer, K. H., and Cofaigh, C. O.: The Greenland Ice Sheet During the Past 300,000 Years: A Review, in: Quaternary Glaciations – Extent and Chronology, 15, 699–713, 2011.
Gosse, J. C. and Phillips, F. M.: Terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides: theory and application, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 20, 1475–1560, 2001.
Hall, B. L., Baroni, C., and Denton, G. H.: The most extensive Holocene advance in the Stauning Alper, East Greenland, occured in the Little Ice Age, Polar Res., 27, 128–134, 2008.
Hall, B. L., Baroni, C., and Denton, G. H.: Relative sea-level changes, Schuchert Dal, East Greenland, with implications for ice extent in late-glacial and Holocene times, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 3370–3378, 2010.
Henriksen, N.: Geological History of Greenland – Four billion years of earth evolution, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, 2008.
Hjort, C.: Glaciation in Northern East Greenland during the Late Weichselian and Early Flandrian, Boreas, 8, 281–296, 1979.
Hogan, K. A., Cofaigh, C. O., Jennings, A. E., Dowdeswell, J. A., and Hiemstra, J. F.: Deglaciation of a major palaeo-ice stream in Disko Trough, West Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 147, 5–26, 2016.
Holtedahl, O.: On Morphology of West Greenland Shelf with General Remarks on Marginal-Channel Problem, Mar. Geol., 8, 155–172, 1970.
Jennings, A. E., Andrews, J. T., Cofaigh, C. O., St Onge, G., Sheldon, C., Belt, S. T., Cabedo-Sanz, P., and Hillaire-Marcel, C.: Ocean forcing of Ice Sheet retreat in central west Greenland from LGM to the early Holocene, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 472, 1–13, 2017.
Jennings, A. E., Hald, M., Smith, M., and Andrews, J. T.: Freshwater forcing from the Greenland Ice Sheet during the Younger Dryas: evidence from southeastern Greenland shelf cores, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 25, 282–298, 2006.
Jennings, A. E., Walton, M. E., Cofaigh, C. O., Kilfeather, A., Andrews, J. T., Ortiz, J. D., De Vernal, A., and Dowdeswell, J. A.: Paleoenvironments during Younger Dryas-Early Holocene retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet from outer Disko Trough, central west Greenland, J. Quaternary Sci., 29, 27–40, 2014.
Kelly, M.: A review of the Quaternary geology of western Greenland, in: Quaternary environments eastern Canadian Arctic, Baffin Bay and western Greenland, edited by: Andrews, J. T., Allen & Unwin, Boston, USA, 1985.
Kelly, M. and Funder, S.: The pollen stratigraphy of late Quaternary lake sediments of South West Greenland, Geol. Surv. Greenland, 64, 1–26, 1974.
Kelly, M. A., Lowell, T. V., Hall, B. L., Schaefer, J. M., Finkel, R. C., Goehring, B. M., Alley, R. B., and Denton, G. H.: A 10Be chronology of lateglacial and Holocene mountain glaciation in the Scoresby Sund region, east Greenland: implications for seasonality during lateglacial time, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 27, 2273–2282, 2008.
Knutz, P. C., Sicre, M. A., Ebbesen, H., Christiansen, S., and Kuijpers, A.: Multiple-stage deglacial retreat of the southern Greenland Ice Sheet linked with Irminger Current warm water transport, Paleoceanography, 26, PA3204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010PA002053, 2011.
Kuijpers, A., Troelstra, S. R., Prins, M. A., Linthout, K., Akhmetzhanov, A., Bouryak, S., Bachmann, M. F., Lassen, S., Rasmussen, S., and Jensen, J. B.: Late Quaternary sedimentary processes and ocean circulation changes at the Southeast Greenland margin, Mar. Geol., 195, 109–129, 2003.
Lal, D.: Cosmic ray labeling of erosion surfaces: in situ nuclide production rates and erosion models, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 104, 424–439, 1991.
Larsen, N. K., Funder, S., Kjaer, K. H., Kjeldsen, K. K., Knudsen, M. F., and Linge, H.: Rapid early Holocene ice retreat in West Greenland,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 92, 310–323, 2014.
Larsen, N. K., Funder, S., Linge, H., Moller, P., Schomacker, A., Fabel, D., Xu, S., and Kjaer, K. H.: A Younger Dryas re-advance of local glaciers in north Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 147, 47–58, 2016.
Lecavalier, B. S., Milne, G. A., Simpson, M. J. R., Wake, L., Huybrechts, P., Tarasov, L., Kjeldsen, K. K., Funder, S., Long, A. J., Woodroffe, S. A., Dyke, A. S., and Larsen, N. K.: A model of Greenland ice sheet deglaciation based on observations of ice extent and relative sea-level, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 102, 54–84, 2014.
Levy, L. B., Kelly, M. A., Lowell, T. V., Hall, B. L., Howley, J. A., and Smith, C. A.: Coeval fluctuations of the Greenland ice sheet and a local
glacier, central East Greenland, during late glacial and early Holocene
time, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 1623–1631, 2016.
Levy, L. B., Larsen, N. K., Knudsen, M. F., Egholm, D. L., Bjørk, A. A., Kjeldsen, K. K., Kelly, M. A., Howley, J. A., Olsen, J., Tikhomirov, D., Zimmerman, S. R. H., and Kjær, K. H.: Multi-phased deglaciation of south and southeast Greenland controlled by climate and topographic setting, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 242, 106454, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106454, 2020.
Marcott, S. A., Clark, P. U., Padman, L., Klinkhammer, G. P., Springer, S. R., Liu, Z. Y., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Carlson, A. E., Ungerer, A., Padman, J., He, F., Cheng, J., and Schmittner, A.: Ice-shelf collapse from subsurface warming as a trigger for Heinrich events, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 13415–13419, 2011.
Mayer, C., Reeh, N., Jung-Rothenhausler, F., Huybrechts, P., and Oerter, H.: The subglacial cavity and implied dynamics under Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier, NE-Greenland, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2289–2292, 2000.
Morlighem, M., Williams, C. N., Rignot, E., An, L., Arndt, J. E., Bamber, J. L., Catania, G., Chauche, N., Dowdeswell, J. A., Dorschel, B., Fenty, I.,
Hogan, K., Howat, I., Hubbard, A., Jakobsson, M., Jordan, T. M., Kjeldsen,
K. K., Millan, R., Mayer, L., Mouginot, J., Noel, B. P. Y., O'Cofaigh, C.,
Palmer, S., Rysgaard, S., Seroussi, H., Siegert, M. J., Slabon, P., Straneo,
F., van den Broeke, M. R., Weinrebe, W., Wood, M., and Zinglersen, K. B.:
BedMachine v3: Complete Bed Topography and Ocean Bathymetry Mapping of
Greenland From Multibeam Echo Sounding Combined With Mass Conservation,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 11051–11061, 2017.
Motyka, R. J., Truffer, M., Fahnestock, M., Mortensen, J., Rysgaard, S., and Howat, I.: Submarine melting of the 1985 Jakobshavn Isbrae floating tongue and the triggering of the current retreat, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 116, F01007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001632, 2011.
Mörner, N.-A. and Funder, S.: C-14 dating of samples collected during teh NORQUA 86 expedition, and notes on the marine reservoir effect, Meddelelser om Grønland, 22, 57–59, 1990.
Newton, A. M. W., Knutz, P. C., Huuse, M., Gannon, P., Brocklehurst, S. H., Clausen, O. R., and Gong, Y.: Ice stream reorganization and glacial retreat on the northwest Greenland shelf, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 7826–7835, 2017.
Nielsen, T. and Kuijpers, A.: Only 5 southern Greenland shelf edge
glaciations since the early Pliocene, Sci. Rep.-UK, 3, 1875–1875,
2013.
Nishiizumi, K., Imamura, M., Caffee, M. W., Southon, J. R., Finkel, R. C., and McAninch, J.: Absolute calibration of 10Be AMS standards, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 258, 403–413, 2007.
O'Cofaigh, C., Dowdeswell, J. A., Jennings, A. E., Hogan, K. A., Kilfeather, A., Hiemstra, J. F., Noormets, R., Evans, J., McCarthy, D. J., Andrews, J. T., Lloyd, J. M., and Moros, M.: An extensive and dynamic ice sheet on the West Greenland shelf during the last glacial cycle, Geology, 41, 219–222, 2013.
Oksman, M., Weckstrom, K., Miettinen, A., Juggins, S., Divine, D. V., Jackson, R., Telford, R., Korsgaard, N. J., and Kucera, M.: Younger Dryas ice margin retreat triggered by ocean surface warming in central-eastern Baffin Bay, Nat. Commun., 8, 1017, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01155-6, 2017.
Olsen, J., Tikhomirov, D., Grosen, C., Heinemeier, J., and Klein, M.: Radiocarbon Analysis on the New AARAMS 1MV Tandetron, Radiocarbon, 59, 905–913, 2016.
Rainsley, E., Menviel, L., Fogwill, C. J., Turney, C. S. M., Hughes, A. L. C., and Rood, D. H.: Greenland ice mass loss during the Younger Dryas driven by Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation feedbacks, Sci. Rep.-UK, 8, 11307, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29226-8, 2018.
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, J. W., Beck, P. G., Blackwell, C., Bronk Ramsey, C. E., Buck, H., Cheng, R. L., Edwards, M., Friedrich, P. M., Grootes, T. P., Guilderson, H., Haflidason, I., Hajdas, C., Hatté, T. J., Heaton, D. L., Hoffmann, A. G., Hogg, K. A., Hughen, K. F., Kaiser, B., Kromer, S. W., Manning, M., Niu, R. W., Reimer, D. A., Richards, E. M., Scott, J. R., Southon, R. A., Staff, C., Turney, S. M., and van der Plicht, J.: IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP, Radiocarbon, 55, 1869–1887, 2013.
Rinterknecht, V., Jomelli, V., Brunstein, D., Favier, V., Masson-Delmotte, V., Bourles, D., Leanni, L., and Schlappy, R.: Unstable ice stream in Greenland during the Younger Dryas cold event, Geology, 42, 759–762, 2014.
Roberts, D. H., Long, A. J., Schnabel, C., Davies, B. J., Xu, S., Simpson, M. J. R., and Huybrechts, P.: Ice sheet extent and early deglacial history of the southwestern sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 2760–2773, 2009.
Roberts, D. H., Rea, B. R., Lane, T. P., Schnabel, C., and Rodes, A.: New constraints on Greenland ice sheet dynamics during the last glacial cycle: Evidence from the Uummannaq ice stream system, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 118, 519–541, 2013.
Roksandic, M. M.: Geology of the continental shelf off West Greenland between 61∘15′N and 64∘00′N, Geol. Surv. Greenland, 92,
1–15, 1979.
Ryan, J. C., Dowdeswell, J. A., and Hogan, K. A.: Three cross-shelf troughs
on the continental shelf of SW Greenland from Olex data, Atlas of Submarine
Glacial Landforms: Modern, Quaternary Ancient, 46, 167–168, 2016.
Seidenkrantz, M. S., Kuijpers, A., Olsen, J., Pearce, C., Lindblom, S., Ploug, J., Przybylo, P., and Snowball, I.: Southwest Greenland shelf glaciation during MIS 4 more extensive than during the Last Glacial Maximum, Sci. Rep.-UK, 9, 15617, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51983-3, 2019.
Sheldon, C., Jennings, A., Andrews, J. T., Cofaigh, C. O., Hogan, K., Dowdeswell, J. A., and Seidenkrantz, M. S.: Ice stream retreat following the LGM and onset of the west Greenland current in Uummannaq Trough, west Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Re.v, 147, 27–46, 2016.
Simpson, M. J. R., Milne, G. A., Huybrechts, P., and Long, A. J.:
Calibrating a glaciological model of the Greenland ice sheet from the Last
Glacial Maximum to present-day using field observations of relative sea
level and ice extent, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 1631–1657, 2009.
Sinclair, G., Carlson, A. E., Mix, A. C., Lecavalier, B. S., Milne, G., Mathias, A., Buizert, C., and DeConto, R.: Diachronous retreat of the Greenland ice sheet during the last deglaciation, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 145, 243–258, 2016.
Slabon, P., Dorschel, B., Jokat, W., Myklebust, R., Hebbeln, D., and Gebhardt, C.: Greenland ice sheet retreat history in the northeast Baffin Bay based on high-resolution bathymetry, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 154, 182–198, 2016.
Sommerhoff, G.: Geomorphologische Prozesse in der Labrador - und Imingersee. Ein Beitrag zur submarinen Geomorphologie einer subpolaren Meeresregion, Polarforschung, 51, 175–191, 1981 (in German).
Sommerhoff, G.: Versuch einer geomorphologischen Gliederung des
südwestgrönländischen Kontinentalabhanges, Polarforschung, 45,
87–101, 1975 (in German).
Steffensen, J. P., Andersen, K. K., Bigler, M., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen,
D., Fischer, H., Goto-Azuma, K., Hansson, M., Johnsen, S. J., Jouzel, J.,
Masson-Delmotte, V., Popp, T., Rasmussen, S. O., Rothlisberger, R., Ruth,
U., Stauffer, B., Siggaard-Andersen, M. L., Sveinbjornsdottir, A. E.,
Svensson, A., and White, J. W. C.: High-resolution Greenland Ice Core data
show abrupt climate change happens in few years, Science, 321, 680–684,
2008.
Stone, J. O.: Air pressure and cosmogenic isotope production, J. Geophys. Res. 105, 23753–23759, 2000.
Vacco, D. A., Alley, R. B., and Pollard, D.: Modeling dependence of moraine deposition on climate history: the effect of seasonality, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 639–646, 2009.
van Tatenhove, F. G. M., van der Meer, J. J. M., and Koster, E. A.: Implications for deglaciation chronology from new AMS age determinations in central west Greenland, Quaternary Res., 45, 245–253, 1996.
Vasskog, K., Langebroek, P. M., Andrews, J. T., Nilsen, J. E. O., and Nesje, A.: The Greenland Ice Sheet during the last glacial cycle: Current ice loss and contribution to sea-level rise from a palaeoclimatic perspective, Earth-Sci. Rev., 150, 45–67, 2015.
Weidick, A.: C-14 datings of survey material, carried out in 1975, Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, 80, 136–144, 1976a.
Weidick, A.: Observations on the Quaternary geology in the Fiskenæsset area during the summer of 1973, Rapport Greenlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, 73, 96-99, 1976b.
Weidick, A., Kelly, M., and Bennike, O.: Late Quaternary development of the southern sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet, with particular reference to the Qassimiut lobe, Boreas, 33, 284–299, 2004.
Winsor, K., Carlson, A. E., Welke, B. M., and Reilly, B.: Early deglacial onset of southwestern Greenland ice-sheet retreat on the continental shelf, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 128, 117–126, 2015a.
Winsor, K., Carlson, A. E., Caffee, M. W., and Rood, D. H.: Rapid
last-deglacial thinning and retreat of the marine-terminating southwestern
Greenland ice sheet, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 426, 1–12, 2015b.
Woodroffe, S. A., Long, A. J., Lecavalier, B. S., Milne, G. A., and Bryant, C. L.: Using relative sea-level data to constrain the deglacial and Holocene history of southern Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 92, 345–356, 2014.
Young, N. E., Briner, J. P., Miller, G. H., Lesnek, A. J., Crump, S. E.,
Thomas, E. K., Pendleton, S. L., Cuzzone, J., Lamp, J., Zimmerman, S.,
Caffee, M., and Schaefer, J. M.: Deglaciation of the Greenland and
Laurentide ice sheets interrupted by glacier advance during abrupt coolings,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 229, 106091, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106091, 2020.
Young, N. E., Schaefer, J. M., Briner, J., and Goehring, B.M.: 10Be production-rate calibration for the Arctic, J. Quaternary Sci., 28, 516–526, 2013.
Short summary
Cosmogenic 10Be exposure dates from outlying islets along 300 km of the SW Greenland coast indicate that, although affected by inherited 10Be, the ice margin here was retreating during the Younger Dryas. These results seem to be corroborated by recent studies elsewhere in Greenland. The apparent mismatch between temperatures and ice margin behaviour may be explained by the advection of warm water to the ice margin on the shelf and by increased seasonality, both caused by a weakened AMOC.
Cosmogenic 10Be exposure dates from outlying islets along 300 km of the SW Greenland coast...
