Climate of the Past
Climate of the Past
CP
Articles | Volume 22, issue 3
Articles | Volume 22, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-647-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-647-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 22, issue 3
Research article
 | 
27 Mar 2026
Research article |  | 27 Mar 2026

On the computation of several “insolation” quantities relevant to climatology or planetology

Didier Paillard

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Latest update: 03 Nov 2026
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Short summary
This paper presents classical and new mathematical formulas to compute various "flavors" of the insolation forcing used to interpret paleoclimatic series, or to simulate climate at different times. It provides a description of the usual concepts while insisting on the difficulties associated with them, like the definition of a calendar. Then it presents novel formulas to compute extrema of insolation for a given latitude. It thus presents a new open-source software package available online.
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