Articles | Volume 21, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1699-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1699-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Oct 2025
Research article |
| 02 Oct 2025
| 02 Oct 2025
On the implementation of external forcings in a regional climate model – a sensitivity study around the Samalas volcanic eruption in the Eastern Mediterranean/Middle East
Eva Hartmann
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geography, Climatology, Climate Dynamics and Climate Change, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
Mingyue Zhang
Department of Geography, Climatology, Climate Dynamics and Climate Change, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
Sebastian Wagner
Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Systems - Analysis and Modeling, Climate Extremes and Impacts, Geesthacht, Germany
Muralidhar Adakudlu
Center for International Development and Environmental Research, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
now at: Division for Ocean and Ice, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 0313 Oslo, Norway
Jürg Luterbacher
Department of Geography, Climatology, Climate Dynamics and Climate Change, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
Elena Xoplaki
Department of Geography, Climatology, Climate Dynamics and Climate Change, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
CMCC Foundation – Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Bologna, Italy
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Short summary
For the first time, we provide a regional climate model with past climate forcings. The model's sensitivity to each forcing is tested in a case study around the large Samalas volcanic eruption in 1257. The orbital forcing shows the largest effect with an amplification of the seasons in the past compared with the standard model. The volcanic forcing has a strong short-term cooling effect after the volcanic eruption. This model is later used for a transient simulation of the last 2500 years.
For the first time, we provide a regional climate model with past climate forcings. The model's...
