Climate of the Past
Climate of the Past
CP
Articles | Volume 21, issue 10
Articles | Volume 21, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1699-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1699-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 21, issue 10
Research article
 | 
02 Oct 2025
Research article |  | 02 Oct 2025

On the implementation of external forcings in a regional climate model – a sensitivity study around the Samalas volcanic eruption in the Eastern Mediterranean/Middle East

Eva Hartmann, Mingyue Zhang, Sebastian Wagner, Muralidhar Adakudlu, Jürg Luterbacher, and Elena Xoplaki

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Short summary
For the first time, we provide a regional climate model with past climate forcings. The model's sensitivity to each forcing is tested in a case study around the large Samalas volcanic eruption in 1257. The orbital forcing shows the largest effect with an amplification of the seasons in the past compared with the standard model. The volcanic forcing has a strong short-term cooling effect after the volcanic eruption. This model is later used for a transient simulation of the last 2500 years.
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