Articles | Volume 20, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-701-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-701-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
28 Mar 2024
Research article |
| 28 Mar 2024
| 28 Mar 2024
A Greenland-wide empirical reconstruction of paleo ice sheet retreat informed by ice extent markers: PaleoGrIS version 1.0
Tancrède P. M. Leger
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
Christopher D. Clark
Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
Carla Huynh
School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, United Kingdom
Sharman Jones
Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DB, United Kingdom
Jeremy C. Ely
Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
Sarah L. Bradley
Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
Christiaan Diemont
Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
Anna L. C. Hughes
Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
Related authors
No articles found.
Emma J. MacKie, Lu Li, Anna Ruth W. Halberstadt, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, Robert Law, Maximilian Lowe, Felicity S. McCormack, Guy J. G. Paxman, Alan R. A. Aitken, Eliza Dawson, Jeremy Ely, Michael Field, Jacqueline A. Halpin, Dougal Hansen, Yasmina M. Martos, Sophie Nowicki, Anya Reading, Niya Shao, Tobias Stål, Kirsty J. Tinto, and Ryan Venturelli
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5815, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5815, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for The Cryosphere (TC).
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctica’s geology controls how its ice sheet moves and responds to climate change. The landscape, rocks, sediments, water, and heat beneath the ice all influence ice flow, yet these conditions remain poorly understood and are often oversimplified in ice-sheet models. Here, we examine how geology influences ice-sheet behavior, identify gaps between geological observations and models, and explore ways to improve collaboration between geologists and ice-sheet modelers.
Benjamin J. Davison, Andrew J. Sole, Gregoire Guillet, Douglas I. Benn, Jonathan Kingslake, Jeremy C. Ely, Stephen J. Livingstone, Christopher D. Stringer, Jonathan L. Carrivick, and Anna E. Hogg
The Cryosphere, 20, 4293–4311, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4293-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4293-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Some glaciers flow slowly for many years before dramatically accelerating. This is usually a sign of a surge. Theory and observations suggest that surges occur in certain climates. The Antarctic Peninsula has such a climate yet only one surge has been observed there. We present detailed observations of three glaciers that surged recently. We explore how climate change over the past hundred years, and projected climate change up to 2150, has and will affect surging behaviour on the Peninsula.
Ethan Lee, Jeremy C. Ely, Sarah L. Bradley, Tamsin L. Edwards, and Bethan J. Davies
The Cryosphere, 20, 4209–4233, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4209-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4209-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
South American Andean glaciers are the least well known in their futures. We can use numerical models to estimate the change of these glaciers to future climate change. However, options within the numerical model which effect the results are unknown. We vary these selected important options to understand their effect on the numerical model output across the South American Andes. We find that how the model approximates sediment friction, and sliding, to be important on model output.
Laura Endres, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Ruza Ivanovic, Lauren Gregoire, Anna L. C. Hughes, Hai Cheng, and Heather Stoll
Clim. Past, 22, 797–824, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-797-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-797-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Stable isotope data of a precisely dated stalagmite from northwestern Iberia indicate gradual North Atlantic meltwater input during the last glacial maximum, followed by abrupt surges early in the last deglaciation. The first abrupt surge was decoupled from first cooling about 810 years later – unlike later events – which reveals that the Atlantic circulation’s sensitivity to meltwater is variable and related to the evolving background climate boundary conditions.
Tancrède P. M. Leger, Jeremy C. Ely, Christopher D. Clark, Sarah L. Bradley, Rosie E. Archer, and Jiang Zhu
The Cryosphere, 19, 5719–5761, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5719-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5719-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses state-of-the-art computer simulations to better constrain the Greenland-Ice-Sheet's evolution over the past 24,000 years. By comparing model results with geological data, it reveals when and why the ice sheet grew and shrank, helping to improve future predictions of sea level rise and climate change.
Benjamin J. Stoker, Helen E. Dulfer, Chris R. Stokes, Victoria H. Brown, Christopher D. Clark, Colm Ó Cofaigh, David J. A. Evans, Duane Froese, Sophie L. Norris, and Martin Margold
The Cryosphere, 19, 869–910, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-869-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-869-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The retreat of the northwestern Laurentide Ice Sheet allows us to investigate how the ice drainage network evolves over millennial timescales and understand the influence of climate forcing, glacial lakes and the underlying geology on the rate of deglaciation. We reconstruct the changes in ice flow at 500-year intervals and identify rapid reorganisations of the drainage network, including variations in ice streaming that we link to climatically driven changes in the ice sheet surface slope.
Izabela Szuman, Jakub Z. Kalita, Christiaan R. Diemont, Stephen J. Livingstone, Chris D. Clark, and Martin Margold
The Cryosphere, 18, 2407–2428, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2407-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2407-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A Baltic-wide glacial landform-based map is presented, filling in a geographical gap in the record that has been speculated about by palaeoglaciologists for over a century. Here we used newly available bathymetric data and provide landform evidence of corridors of fast ice flow that we interpret as ice streams. Where previous ice-sheet-scale investigations inferred a single ice source, our mapping identifies flow and ice margin geometries from both Swedish and Bothnian sources.
Sarah L. Bradley, Raymond Sellevold, Michele Petrini, Miren Vizcaino, Sotiria Georgiou, Jiang Zhu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, and Marcus Lofverstrom
Clim. Past, 20, 211–235, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-211-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-211-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was the most recent period with large ice sheets in Europe and North America. We provide a detailed analysis of surface mass and energy components for two time periods that bracket the LGM: 26 and 21 ka BP. We use an earth system model which has been adopted for modern ice sheets. We find that all Northern Hemisphere ice sheets have a positive surface mass balance apart from the British and Irish ice sheets and the North American ice sheet complex.
Oliver G. Pollard, Natasha L. M. Barlow, Lauren J. Gregoire, Natalya Gomez, Víctor Cartelle, Jeremy C. Ely, and Lachlan C. Astfalck
The Cryosphere, 17, 4751–4777, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4751-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4751-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use advanced statistical techniques and a simple ice-sheet model to produce an ensemble of plausible 3D shapes of the ice sheet that once stretched across northern Europe during the previous glacial maximum (140,000 years ago). This new reconstruction, equivalent in volume to 48 ± 8 m of global mean sea-level rise, will improve the interpretation of high sea levels recorded from the Last Interglacial period (120 000 years ago) that provide a useful perspective on the future.
Ryan N. Ing, Jeremy C. Ely, Julie M. Jones, and Bethan J. Davies
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-33, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-33, 2023
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Many of the glaciers in Alaska are losing ice, contributing to sea-level rise. Here, we study the inputs and outputs for the Juneau Icefield. We first model the historical changes to snowfall and melt, constraining our model with observations. We then project future changes to the icefield, which show that icefield-wide loss of ice is likely. Losses are driven by rising temperatures, and less snowfall. The exposure of ice, and the break-up of glaciers due to thinning may accelerate ice loss.
Camilla M. Rootes and Christopher D. Clark
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 71, 111–122, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-111-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-111-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Glacial trimlines are visible breaks in vegetation or landforms that mark the former extent of glaciers. They are often observed as faint lines running across valley sides and are useful for mapping the three-dimensional shape of former glaciers or for assessing by how much present-day glaciers have thinned and retreated. Here we present the first application of a new trimline classification scheme to a case study location in central western Spitsbergen, Svalbard.
Peter A. Tuckett, Jeremy C. Ely, Andrew J. Sole, James M. Lea, Stephen J. Livingstone, Julie M. Jones, and J. Melchior van Wessem
The Cryosphere, 15, 5785–5804, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5785-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5785-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes form on the surface of the Antarctic Ice Sheet during the summer. These lakes can generate further melt, break up floating ice shelves and alter ice dynamics. Here, we describe a new automated method for mapping surface lakes and apply our technique to the Amery Ice Shelf between 2005 and 2020. Lake area is highly variable between years, driven by large-scale climate patterns. This technique will help us understand the role of Antarctic surface lakes in our warming world.
Cited articles
Albrecht, T., Winkelmann, R., and Levermann, A.: Glacial-cycle simulations of the Antarctic Ice Sheet with the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) – Part 2: Parameter ensemble analysis, The Cryosphere, 14, 633–656, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-633-2020, 2020.
Alley, R. B.: The Younger Dryas cold interval as viewed from central Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 19, 213–226, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00062-1, 2000.
Andersen, J. L., Egholm, D. L., Olsen, J., Larsen, N. K., and Knudsen, M. F.: Topographical evolution and glaciation history of South Greenland constrained by paired 26Al/10Be nuclides, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 542, 116300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116300, 2020.
Andrews, J. T., Jennings, A. E., Cooper, T., Williams, K. M., and Mienert, J.: Late Quaternary sedimentation along a fjord to shelf (trough) transect, East Greenland (c. 68° N), 153–166, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.111.01.10, 1996.
Arndt, J. E., Jokat, W., and Dorschel, B.: The last glaciation and deglaciation of the Northeast Greenland continental shelf revealed by hydro-acoustic data, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 160, 45–56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.018, 2017.
Balco, G., Stone, J. O., Lifton, N. A., and Dunai, T. J.: A complete and easily accessible means of calculating surface exposure ages or erosion rates from 10 Be and 26 Al measurements, Quat. Geochronol., 3, 174–195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2007.12.001, 2008.
Balter-Kennedy, A., Young, N. E., Briner, J. P., Graham, B. L., and Schaefer, J. M.: Centennial- and Orbital-Scale Erosion Beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet Near Jakobshavn Isbræ, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 126, e2021JF006429, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006429, 2021.
Barr, I. D. and Clark, C. D.: Distribution and pattern of moraines in Far NE Russia reveal former glacial extent, J. Maps, 5, 186–193, https://doi.org/10.4113/jom.2009.1108, 2009.
Benn, D. and Evans, D. J.: Glaciers and glaciation, 2nd Edn., Routledge, ISBN 13 978-0-340-90579-1, 2014.
Bennike, O.: Palaeoecological studies of Holocene lake sediments from west Greenland, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 155, 285–304, 2000.
Bennike, O.: Late Quaternary history of Washington Land, North Greenland, Boreas, 31, 260–272, 2002.
Bennike, O.: An early Holocene Greenland whale from Melville Bugt, Greenland, Quaternary Res., 69, 72–76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.10.004, 2008.
Bennike, O. and Björck, S.: Chronology of the last recession of the Greenland Ice Sheet, J. Quaternary Sci., 17, 211–219, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.670, 2002.
Bennike, O. and Kelly, M.: Radiocarbon dating of samples collected during the 1984 expedition to North Greenland, Rapp. Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse, 135, 8–10, https://doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v135.7991, 1987.
Bennike, O. and Wagner, B.: Deglaciation chronology, sea-level changes and environmental changes from Holocene lake sediments of Germania Havn Sø, Sabine Ø, northeast Greenland, Quaternary Res., 78, 103–109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.03.004, 2012.
Bennike, O. and Weidick, A.: Late Quaternary history around Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden and Jøkelbugten, North-East Greenland, Boreas, 30, 300–9483, 2001.
Bennike, O., Hansen, K. B., Knudsen, K. L., Penney, D. N., and Rasmussen, K. L.: Quaternary marine stratigraphy and geochronology in central West Greenland, Boreas, 23, 194–215, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1994.tb00599.x, 1994.
Bennike, O., Björck, S., Böcher, J., Hansen, L., Heinemeier, J., and Wohlfarth, B.: Early Holocene plant and animal remains from North-east Greenland, J. Biogeogr., 26, 667–677, 1999.
Bennike, O., Björck, S., Böcher, J., Hansen, L., Heinemeier, J., and Wohlfarth, B.: Early Holocene plant and animal remains from North-east Greenland, J. Biogeogr., 26, 667–677, 1999.
Bennike, O., Björck, S., and Lambeck, K.: Estimates of South Greenland late-glacial ice limits from a new relative sea level curve, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 197, 171–186, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00478-8, 2002.
Bentley, M. J., Ó Cofaigh, C., Anderson, J. B., Conway, H., Davies, B., Graham, A. G. C., Hillenbrand, C.-D., Hodgson, D. A., Jamieson, S. S. R., Larter, R. D., Mackintosh, A., Smith, J. A., Verleyen, E., Ackert, R. P., Bart, P. J., Berg, S., Brunstein, D., Canals, M., Colhoun, E. A., Crosta, X., Dickens, W. A., Domack, E., Dowdeswell, J. A., Dunbar, R., Ehrmann, W., Evans, J., Favier, V., Fink, D., Fogwill, C. J., Glasser, N. F., Gohl, K., Golledge, N. R., Goodwin, I., Gore, D. B., Greenwood, S. L., Hall, B. L., Hall, K., Hedding, D. W., Hein, A. S., Hocking, E. P., Jakobsson, M., Johnson, J. S., Jomelli, V., Jones, R. S., Klages, J. P., Kristoffersen, Y., Kuhn, G., Leventer, A., Licht, K., Lilly, K., Lindow, J., Livingstone, S. J., Massé, G., McGlone, M. S., McKay, R. M., Melles, M., Miura, H., Mulvaney, R., Nel, W., Nitsche, F. O., O'Brien, P. E., Post, A. L., Roberts, S. J., Saunders, K. M., Selkirk, P. M., Simms, A. R., Spiegel, C., Stolldorf, T. D., Sugden, D. E., van der Putten, N., van Ommen, T., Verfaillie, D., Vyverman, W., Wagner, B., White, D. A., Witus, A. E., and Zwartz, D.: A community-based geological reconstruction of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 100, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.06.025, 2014.
Berger, A. and Loutre, M. F.: Insolation values for the climate of the last 10 million years, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 10, 297–317, https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(91)90033-Q, 1991.
Bevington, P.: Data reduction and error analysis for the physical sciences, McGraw Hill Book Co, New York, 1969.
Bick, H.: A Postglacial Pollen Diagram From Angmagssalik, East Greenland, Medd. Gr Nonoland, DNK, DA., 204, 1–22, http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=PASCALGEODEBRGM7920268534 (last access: 20 March 2024), 1978.
Björck, S., Wohlfarth, B., Bennike, O., Hjort, C., and Persson, T.: Revision of the early Holocene lake sediment based chronology and event stratigraphy on Hochstetter Forland, NE Greenland, Boreas, 23, 513–523, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1994.tb00619.x, 1994.
Bjørk, A. A., Kruse, L. M., and Michaelsen, P. B.: Brief communication: Getting Greenland's glaciers right – a new data set of all official Greenlandic glacier names, The Cryosphere, 9, 2215–2218, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2215-2015, 2015.
Blake, W., Ruth Jackson, H., Currie, C. G., and Jackson, J.: Seafloor evidence for glaciation, northernmost Baffin Bay, B. Geol. Soc. Denmark, 43, 157–168, 1996.
Blake, W. J.: Geological Survey of Canada radiocarbon dates XXVI, Geol. Surv. Canada, 86, https://doi.org/10.4095/122368, 1987.
Blake, W. J., Boucherle, M., Fredskild, B., Janssens, J., and Smol, J.: The geomorphological setting, glacial history and Holocene development of Kap Inglefield Sø, Inglefield Land, North-West Greenland, Geol. Surv. Canada, 27, 1–42, 1992.
Bradley, S. L., Reerink, T. J., van de Wal, R. S. W., and Helsen, M. M.: Simulation of the Greenland Ice Sheet over two glacial–interglacial cycles: investigating a sub-ice- shelf melt parameterization and relative sea level forcing in an ice-sheet–ice-shelf model, Clim. Past, 14, 619–635, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-619-2018, 2018.
Briner, J., Schaefer, J., Young, N., Keisling, B., Anandakrishnan, S., Kuhl, T., Boeckmann, G., MacGregor, J., Deconto, R., Morlighem, M., Winckler, G., and Walcott, C.: Introducing GreenDrill: Retrieving sub-glacial bedrock cores in North Greenland to test ice sheet response to interglacial warmth (and supporting your research?), in: AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, C31A-07, 2021AGUFM.C31A..07B, 2021.
Briner, J. P., Stewart, H. A. M., Young, N. E., Philipps, W., and Losee, S.: Using proglacial-threshold lakes to constrain fluctuations of the Jakobshavn Isbræ ice margin, western Greenland, during the Holocene, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 3861–3874, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.09.005, 2010.
Briner, J. P., Håkansson, L., and Bennike, O.: The deglaciation and neoglaciation of upernavik isstrøm, greenland, Quaternary Res., 80, 459–467, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.09.008, 2013.
Briner, J. P., Kaufman, D. S., Bennike, O., and Kosnik, M. A.: Amino acid ratios in reworked marine bivalve shells constrain Greenland Ice Sheet history during the holocene, Geology, 42, 75–78, https://doi.org/10.1130/G34843.1, 2014.
Briner, J. P., McKay, N. P., Axford, Y., Bennike, O., Bradley, R. S., de Vernal, A., Fisher, D., Francus, P., Fréchette, B., Gajewski, K., Jennings, A., Kaufman, D. S., Miller, G., Rouston, C., and Wagner, B.: Holocene climate change in Arctic Canada and Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 147, 340–364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.02.010, 2016.
Briner, J. P., Cuzzone, J. K., Badgeley, J. A., Young, N. E., Steig, E. J., Morlighem, M., Schlegel, N. J., Hakim, G. J., Schaefer, J. M., Johnson, J. V., Lesnek, A. J., Thomas, E. K., Allan, E., Bennike, O., Cluett, A. A., Csatho, B., de Vernal, A., Downs, J., Larour, E., and Nowicki, S.: Rate of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet will exceed Holocene values this century, Nature, 586, 70–74, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2742-6, 2020.
Buizert, C., Sigl, M., Severi, M., Markle, B. R., Wettstein, J. J., McConnell, J. R., Pedro, J. B., Sodemann, H., Goto-Azuma, K., Kawamura, K., Fujita, S., Motoyama, H., Hirabayashi, M., Uemura, R., Stenni, B., Parrenin, F., He, F., Fudge, T. J., and Steig, E. J.: Abrupt ice-age shifts in southern westerly winds and Antarctic climate forced from the north, Nature volume 563, 681–685, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0727-5, 2018a.
Buizert, C., Keisling, B. A., Box, J. E., He, F., Carlson, A. E., Sinclair, G., and DeConto, R. M.: Greenland-Wide Seasonal Temperatures During the Last Deglaciation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 1905–1914, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075601, 2018b.
Butzin, M., Prange, M., and Lohmann, G.: Radiocarbon simulations for the glacial ocean: The effects of wind stress, Southern Ocean sea ice and Heinrich events, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 235, 45–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.03.003, 2005.
Calov, R. and Hutter, K.: The thermomechanical response of the Greenland ice sheet to various climate scenarios, Clim. Dynam., 12, 243–260, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00219499, 1996.
Carlson, A. E., Winsor, K., Ullman, D. J., Brook, E. J., Rood, D. H., Axford, Y., Legrande, A. N., Anslow, F. S., and Sinclair, G.: Earliest Holocene south Greenland ice sheet retreat within its late Holocene extent, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 5514–5521, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060800, 2014.
Carr, J. R., Stokes, C. R., and Vieli, A.: Threefold increase in marine-terminating outlet glacier retreat rates across the Atlantic Arctic: 1992–2010, Ann. Glaciol., 58, 72–91, https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2017.3, 2017.
Carrivick, J. L., Yde, J., Russell, A. J., Quincey, D. J., Ingeman-Nielsen, T., and Mallalieu, J.: Ice-margin and meltwater dynamics during the mid-Holocene in the Kangerlussuaq area of west Greenland, Boreas, 46, 369–387, https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12199, 2017.
Cartapanis, O., Jonkers, L., Moffa-Sanchez, P., Jaccard, S. L., and de Vernal, A.: Complex spatio-temporal structure of the Holocene Thermal Maximum, Nat. Commun., 13, 5662, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33362-1, 2022.
Ceperley, E. G., Marcott, S. A., Reusche, M. M., Barth, A. M., Mix, A. C., Brook, E. J., and Caffee, M.: Widespread early Holocene deglaciation, Washington Land, northwest Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 231, 106181, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106181, 2020.
Chandler, B. M. P., Lovell, H., Boston, C. M., Lukas, S., Barr, I. D., Benediktsson, Í. Ö., Benn, D. I., Clark, C. D., Darvill, C. M., Evans, D. J. A., Ewertowski, M. W., Loibl, D., Margold, M., Otto, J. C., Roberts, D. H., Stokes, C. R., Storrar, R. D., and Stroeven, A. P.: Glacial geomorphological mapping: A review of approaches and frameworks for best practice, Earth-Sci. Rev., 185, 806-846, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.07.015, 2018.
Christiansen, H. H., Bennike, O., Böcher, J., Elberling, B., Humlum, O., and Jakobsen, B. H.: Holocene environmental reconstruction from deltaic deposits in northeast Greenland, J. Quaternary Sci., 17, 145–160, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.665, 2002.
Clark, C. D., Hughes, A. L. C., Greenwood, S. L., Jordan, C., and Sejrup, H. P.: Pattern and timing of retreat of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 44, 112–146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.07.019, 2012.
Clark, C. D., Ely, J. C., Hindmarsh, R. C. A., Bradley, S., Ignéczi, A., Fabel, D., Ó Cofaigh, C., Chiverrell, R. C., Scourse, J., Benetti, S., Bradwell, T., Evans, D. J. A., Roberts, D. H., Burke, M., Callard, S. L., Medialdea, A., Saher, M., Small, D., Smedley, R. K., Gasson, E., Gregoire, L., Gandy, N., Hughes, A. L. C., Ballantyne, C., Bateman, M. D., Bigg, G. R., Doole, J., Dove, D., Duller, G. A. T., Jenkins, G. T. H., Livingstone, S. L., McCarron, S., Moreton, S., Pollard, D., Praeg, D., Sejrup, H. P., Van Landeghem, K. J. J., and Wilson, P.: Growth and retreat of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet, 31 000 to 15 000 years ago: the BRITICE-CHRONO reconstruction, Boreas, 51, 699–758, https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12594, 2022.
Corbett, L. B., Young, N. E., Bierman, P. R., Briner, J. P., Neumann, T. A., Rood, D. H., and Graly, J. A.: Paired bedrock and boulder 10Be concentrations resulting from early Holocene ice retreat near Jakobshavn Isfjord, western Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 1739–1749, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.04.001, 2011.
Corbett, L. B., Bierman, P. R., Graly, J. A., Neumann, T. A., and Rood, D. H.: Constraining landscape history and glacial erosivity using paired cosmogenic nuclides in upernavik, northwest greenland, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 125, 1539–1553, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30813.1, 2013.
Corbett, L. B., Bierman, P. R., Lasher, G. E., and Rood, D. H.: Landscape chronology and glacial history in Thule, northwest Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 109, 57–67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.11.019, 2015.
Couette, P.-O., Lajeunesse, P., Ghienne, J.-F., Dorschel, B., Gebhardt, C., Hebbeln, D., and Brouard, E.: Evidence for an extensive ice shelf in northern Baffin Bay during the Last Glacial Maximum, Commun. Earth Environ., 3, 225, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00559-7, 2022.
Crane, H. R. and Griffin, J. B.: University of Michigan Radiocarbon Dates IV, Radiocarbon, 1, 173–198, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200020452, 1959.
Cremer, H., Wagner, B., Melles, M., and Hubberten, H.-W.: The postglacial environmental development of Raffles Sø, East Greenland: inferences from a 10,000 year diatom record, J. Paleolimnol., 26, 67–87, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011179321529, 2001.
Cronauer, S. L., Briner, J. P., Kelley, S. E., Zimmerman, S. R. H., and Morlighem, M.: 10Be dating reveals early-middle Holocene age of the Drygalski Moraines in central West Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 147, 59–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.08.034, 2016.
Cuffey, K. M. and Clow, G. D.: Temperature, accumulation, and ice sheet elevation in central Greenland through the last deglacial transition, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 102, 26383–26396, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JC03981, 1997.
Dalton, A. S., Margold, M., Stokes, C. R., Tarasov, L., Dyke, A. S., Adams, R. S., Allard, S., Arends, H. E., Atkinson, N., Attig, J. W., Barnett, P. J., Barnett, R. L., Batterson, M., Bernatchez, P., Borns, H. W., Breckenridge, A., Briner, J. P., Brouard, E., Campbell, J. E., Carlson, A. E., Clague, J. J., Curry, B. B., Daigneault, R. A., Dubé-Loubert, H., Easterbrook, D. J., Franzi, D. A., Friedrich, H. G., Funder, S., Gauthier, M. S., Gowan, A. S., Harris, K. L., Hétu, B., Hooyer, T. S., Jennings, C. E., Johnson, M. D., Kehew, A. E., Kelley, S. E., Kerr, D., King, E. L., Kjeldsen, K. K., Knaeble, A. R., Lajeunesse, P., Lakeman, T. R., Lamothe, M., Larson, P., Lavoie, M., Loope, H. M., Lowell, T. V., Lusardi, B. A., Manz, L., McMartin, I., Nixon, F. C., Occhietti, S., Parkhill, M. A., Piper, D. J. W., Pronk, A. G., Richard, P. J. H., Ridge, J. C., Ross, M., Roy, M., Seaman, A., Shaw, J., Stea, R. R., Teller, J. T., Thompson, W. B., Thorleifson, L. H., Utting, D. J., Veillette, J. J., Ward, B. C., Weddle, T. K., and Wright, H. E.: An updated radiocarbon-based ice margin chronology for the last deglaciation of the North American Ice Sheet Complex, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 234, 106223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106223, 2020.
Davies, B. J., Darvill, C. M., Lovell, H., Bendle, J. M., Dowdeswell, J. A., Fabel, D., García, J.-L., Geiger, A., Glasser, N. F., Gheorghiu, D. M., Harrison, S., Hein, A. S., Kaplan, M. R., Martin, J. R. V., Mendelova, M., Palmer, A., Pelto, M., Rodés, Á., Sagredo, E. A., Smedley, R., Smellie, J. L., and Thorndycraft, V. R.: The evolution of the Patagonian Ice Sheet from 35 ka to the present day (PATICE), Earth-Sci. Rev., 204, 103152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103152, 2020.
Davies, J., Mathiasen, A. M., Kristiansen, K., Hansen, K. E., Wacker, L., Alstrup, A. K. O., Munk, O. L., Pearce, C., and Seidenkrantz, M. S.: Linkages between ocean circulation and the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream in the Early Holocene, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 286, 107530, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107530, 2022.
Delibrias, G., Guillier, M., and Labeyrie, J.: Gif Natural Radiocarbon Measurements X, Radiocarbon, 28, 9–68, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200060008, 1986.
Donner, J. and Jungne, H.: Radiocarbon dating of shells from marine Holocene deposits in the Disko Bugt area, West Greenland, Boreas, 4, 25–45, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1975.tb00677.x, 1975.
Dowdeswell, J. A., Uenzelmann-Neben, G., Whittington, R. J., and Marienfeld, P.: The Late Quaternary sedimentary record in Scoresby Sund, East Greenland, Boreas, 23, 294–310, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1994.tb00602.x, 1994.
Dowdeswell, J. A., Evans, J., and Ó Cofaigh, C.: Submarine landforms and shallow acoustic stratigraphy of a 400 km-long fjord-shelf-slope transect, Kangerlussuaq margin, East Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 3359–3369, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.006, 2010.
Dunai, T. J.: Cosmogenic nuclides: Principles, concepts and applications in the earth surface sciences, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1–187, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511804519, 2010.
Dyke, A. S.: An outline of North American deglaciation with emphasis on central and northern Canada, in: Quaternary Glaciations-Extent and Chronology, vol. 2, edited by: Ehlers, J. and Gibbard, P. L., Elsevier, 373–424, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0866(04)80209-4, 2004.
Dyke, A. S. and Prest, V. K.: Late Wisconsinan and Holocene history of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, Géographie Phys. Quatern., 41, 237–263, 1987.
Dyke, L. M., Hughes, A. L. C., Murray, T., Hiemstra, J. F., Andresen, C. S., and Rodés, Á.: Evidence for the asynchronous retreat of large outlet glaciers in southeast Greenland at the end of the last glaciation, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 99, 244–259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.06.001, 2014.
Edwards, T. L., Fettweis, X., Gagliardini, O., Gillet-Chaulet, F., Goelzer, H., Gregory, J. M., Hoffman, M., Huybrechts, P., Payne, A. J., Perego, M., Price, S., Quiquet, A., and Ritz, C.: Probabilistic parameterisation of the surface mass balance–elevation feedback in regional climate model simulations of the Greenland ice sheet, The Cryosphere, 8, 181–194, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-181-2014, 2014.
Eisner, W. R., Törnqvist, T. E., Koster, E. A., Bennike, O., and van Leeuwen, J. F. N.: Paleoecological Studies of a Holocene Lacustrine Record from the Kangerlussuaq (Søndre Strømfjord) Region of West Greenland, Quaternary Res., 43, 55–66, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1995.1006, 1995.
Ely, J. C., Clark, C. D., Small, D., and Hindmarsh, R. C. A.: ATAT 1.1, the Automated Timing Accordance Tool for comparing ice-sheet model output with geochronological data, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 933–953, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-933-2019, 2019.
England, J.: The late Quaternary history of Hall Land, northwest Greenland, Can. J. Earth Sci., 22, 1394–1408, https://doi.org/10.1139/e85-147, 1985.
England, J., Atkinson, N., Bednarski, J., Dyke, A. S., Hodgson, D. A., and Ó Cofaigh, C.: The Innuitian Ice Sheet: configuration, dynamics and chronology, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 25, 689–703, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.08.007, 2006.
Erb, M. P., McKay, N. P., Steiger, N., Dee, S., Hancock, C., Ivanovic, R. F., Gregoire, L. J., and Valdes, P.: Reconstructing Holocene temperatures in time and space using paleoclimate data assimilation, Clim. Past, 18, 2599–2629, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2599-2022, 2022.
Evans, J., Cofaigh, C. Ó., Dowdeswell, J. A., and Wadhams, P.: Marine geophysical evidence for former expansion and flow of the Greenland Ice Sheet across the north-east Greenland continental shelf, J. Quaternary Sci., 24, 279–293, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1231, 2009.
Franke, S., Bons, P. D., Westhoff, J., Weikusat, I., Binder, T., Streng, K., Steinhage, D., Helm, V., Eisen, O., Paden, J. D., Eagles, G., and Jansen, D.: Holocene ice-stream shutdown and drainage basin reconfiguration in northeast Greenland, Nat. Geosci., 15, 995–1001, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01082-2, 2022.
Fredskild, B.: Palynological evidence for Holocene climatic changes in Greenland, in: Climatic Changes in Arctic Areas During the Last Ten Thousand Years, Acta Universitatis Ouluensis Series. A, 277–305, 1972.
Fredskild, B.: Studies in the vegetational history of Greenland. Palaeobotanical investigations of some Holocene lake and bog deposits, Meddelelser om Grönl., 198, 1–245, 1973.
Fredskild, B.: The Holocene vegetational development of the Godthåbsfjord area, West Greenland, Medd. Om. Grønl. Geosci., 10, 1–28, 1983.
Fredskild, B.: Holocene pollen records from west Greenland: quaternary environments: eastern Canadian arctic, baffin Bay and western Greenland, Allen and Unwin, Boston, 643–681, 1985.
Fredskild, B.: Palynology and sediment slumping in a high arctic Greenland lake, Boreas, 24, 345–354, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1995.tb00784.x, 1995.
Funder, S.: Holocene stratigraphy and vegetation history in the Scoresby Sund area, East Greenland, Groenlands Geol. Undersoegelse, 129, 1–76, 1978.
Funder, S.: 14C-dating of samples collected during the 1979 expedition to North Greenland, Rapp. Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse, 110, 9–14, https://doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v110.7787, 1982.
Funder, S.: Late Quaternary stratigraphy and glaciology in the Thule area, Northwest Greenland, Kommissionen Vidensk. Undersøgelser i Grønl., 22, ISBN 978-87-635-1199-5, 1990.
Funder, S. and Abrahamsen, N.: Palynology in a polar desert, eastern North Greenland, Boreas, 17, 195–207, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1988.tb00546.x, 1988.
Funder, S. and Hansen, L.: The Greenland ice sheet–a model for its culmination and decay during and after the last glacial maximum, Meddelelser Fra Dansk Geol. Foren., 42, 137–152, 1996.
Funder, S., Kjeldsen, K. K., Kjær, K. H., and O Cofaigh, C.: The Greenland Ice Sheet During the Past 300,000 Years: A Review, Developments in Quaternary Sciences, 15, 699–713, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53447-7.00050-7, 2011.
Garcia-Oteyza, J., Oliva, M., Palacios, D., Fernández-Fernández, J. M., Schimmelpfennig, I., Andrés, N., Antoniades, D., Christiansen, H. H., Humlum, O., Léanni, L., Jomelli, V., Ruiz-Fernández, J., Rinterknecht, V., Lane, T. P., Adamson, K., Aumaître, G., Bourlès, D., and Keddadouche, K.: Late Glacial deglaciation of the Zackenberg area, NE Greenland, Geomorphology, 401, 108125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108125, 2022.
Georgiadis, E., Giraudeau, J., Martinez, P., Lajeunesse, P., St-Onge, G., Schmidt, S., and Massé, G.: Deglacial to postglacial history of Nares Strait, Northwest Greenland: a marine perspective from Kane Basin, Clim. Past, 14, 1991–2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1991-2018, 2018.
Goelzer, H., Nowicki, S., Payne, A., Larour, E., Seroussi, H., Lipscomb, W. H., Gregory, J., Abe-Ouchi, A., Shepherd, A., Simon, E., Agosta, C., Alexander, P., Aschwanden, A., Barthel, A., Calov, R., Chambers, C., Choi, Y., Cuzzone, J., Dumas, C., Edwards, T., Felikson, D., Fettweis, X., Golledge, N. R., Greve, R., Humbert, A., Huybrechts, P., Le clec'h, S., Lee, V., Leguy, G., Little, C., Lowry, D. P., Morlighem, M., Nias, I., Quiquet, A., Rückamp, M., Schlegel, N.-J., Slater, D. A., Smith, R. S., Straneo, F., Tarasov, L., van de Wal, R., and van den Broeke, M.: The future sea-level contribution of the Greenland ice sheet: a multi-model ensemble study of ISMIP6, The Cryosphere, 14, 3071–3096, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3071-2020, 2020.
Gowan, E. J.: Paleo sea-level indicators and proxies from Greenland in the GAPSLIP database and comparison with modelled sea level from the PaleoMIST ice-sheet reconstruction, GEUS Bull., 53, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v53.8355, 2023.
Greenwood, S. L. and Clark, C. D.: Reconstructing the last Irish Ice Sheet 2: a geomorphologically-driven model of ice sheet growth, retreat and dynamics, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 3101–3123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.09.014, 2009.
Greve, R. and Chambers, C.: Mass loss of the Greenland ice sheet until the year 3000 under a sustained late-21st-century climate, J. Glaciol., 68, 618–624, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.9, 2022.
Grootes, P. M., Stuiver, M., White, J. W. C., Johnsen, S., and Jouzel, J.: Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores, Nature, 366, 552–554, https://doi.org/10.1038/366552a0, 1993.
Gulliksen, S., Heinemeier, J., Nydal, R., Rud, N., Skog, G., Thomsen, M. S., and Funder, S.: 14C dating of samples collected during PONAM expeditions to east Greenland, in: The Last Interglacial-Glacial Cycle: Preliminary Report of the PONAM Fieldwork in Jameson Land and Scorseby Sund, East Greenland, Lundqua Report 33, 177–181, 1991.
Håkansson, L., Briner, J., Alexanderson, H., Aldahan, A., and Possnert, G.: 10Be ages from central east Greenland constrain the extent of the Greenland ice sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 2316–2321, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.08.001, 2007a.
Håkansson, L., Graf, A., Strasky, S., Ivy-Ochs, S., Kubik, P. W., Hjort, C., and Schlüchter, C.: Cosmogenic 10Be-ages from the Store Koldewey island, NE Greenland, Geogr. Ann. Ser. A, 89, 195–202, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0459.2007.00318.x, 2007b.
Håkansson, S.: University of Lund Radiocarbon Dates VII, Radiocarbon, 16, 307–330, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200059634, 1974.
Håkansson, S.: University of Lund Radiocarbon Dates VIII, Radiocarbon, 17, 174–195, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200002034, 1975.
Håkansson, S.: University of Lund Radiocarbon Dates IX, Radiocarbon, 18, 290–320, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200003179, 1976.
Håkansson, S.: University of Lund Radiocarbon Dates XX, Radiocarbon, 29, 353–379, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200043769, 1987.
Hansen, K. E., Lorenzen, J., Davies, J., Wacker, L., Pearce, C., and Seidenkrantz, M. S.: Deglacial to Mid Holocene environmental conditions on the northeastern Greenland shelf, western Fram Strait, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 293, 107704, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107704, 2022.
Hansen, L.: Landscape and coast development of a lowland fjord margin following deglaciation, East Greenland, Geogr. Ann. Ser. A, 83, 131–144, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3676.2001.00149.x, 2001.
He, C., Liu, Z., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Brady, E. C., Zhu, C., Tomas, R., Buizert, C., and Severinghaus, J. P.: Abrupt Heinrich Stadial 1 cooling missing in Greenland oxygen isotopes, Sci. Adv., 7, 1007–1023, 2021.
Heaton, T. J., Köhler, P., Butzin, M., Bard, E., Reimer, R. W., Austin, W. E. N., Bronk Ramsey, C., Grootes, P. M., Hughen, K. A., Kromer, B., Reimer, P. J., Adkins, J., Burke, A., Cook, M. S., Olsen, J., and Skinner, L. C.: Marine20 – The Marine Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 000 cal BP), Radiocarbon, 62, 779–820, https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.68, 2020.
Heaton, T. J., Butzin, M., Bard, É., Bronk Ramsey, C., Köhler, P., Hughen, K. A., and Reimer, P. J.: Marine radiocarbon calibration in polar regions: A simple approximate approach using marine20, Radiocarbon, 65, 848–875, https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2023.42, 2023.
Hebbeln, D., Dokken, T., Andersen, E. S., Hald, M., and Elverhøi, A.: Moisture supply for northern ice-sheet growth during the Last Glacial Maximum, Nature, 370, 357–360, https://doi.org/10.1038/370357a0, 1994.
Hjort, C.: Glaciation in northern East Greenland during the Late Weichselian and Early Flandrian, Boreas, 8, 281–296, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1979.tb00812.x, 1979.
Hjort, C.: A glacial chronology for northern East Greenland, Boreas, 10, 259–274,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1981.tb00487.x, 1981.
Hjort, C.: Glaciation, climate history, changing marine levels and the evolution of the Northeast Water polynya, J. Mar. Syst., 10, 23–33, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(96)00068-1, 1997.
Hopkins, T. S.: The GIN Sea – A synthesis of its physical oceanography and literature review 1972–1985, Earth-Sci. Rev., 30, 175–318, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(91)90001-V, 1991.
Hughes, A. L. C., Rainsley, E., Murray, T., Fogwill, C. J., Schnabel, C., and Xu, S.: Rapid response of Helheim Glacier, southeast Greenland, to early Holocene climate warming, Geology, 40, 427–430, https://doi.org/10.1130/G32730.1, 2012.
Hughes, A. L. C., Gyllencreutz, R., Lohne, Ø. S., Mangerud, J., and Svendsen, J. I.: The last Eurasian ice sheets – a chronological database and time-slice reconstruction, DATED-1, Boreas, 45, 1–45, https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12142, 2016.
Ingólfsson, Ó., Frich, P., Funder, S., and Humlum, O.: Paleoclimatic implications of an early Holocene glacier advance on Disko Island, West Greenland, Boreas, 19, 297–311, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1990.tb00133.x, 1990.
Ingólfsson, Ó., Lysä, A., Funder, S., Möller, P., and Björk, S.: Late Quaternary glacial history of the central west coast of Jameson Land, East Greenland, Boreas, 23, 447–458, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1994.tb00612.x, 1994.
Ives, P. C., Levin, B., Robinson, R. D., and Rubin, M.: U. S. Geological Survey Radiocarbon Dates VII, Radiocarbon, 6, 37–76, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200010547, 1964.
Jamieson, S. S. R., Vieli, A., Livingstone, S. J., Cofaigh, C. Ó., Stokes, C., Hillenbrand, C.-D., and Dowdeswell, J. A.: Ice-stream stability on a reverse bed slope, Nat. Geosci., 5, 799–802, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1600, 2012.
Jennings, A. E., Andrews, J. T., Knudsen, K. L., Hansen, C. V., and Hald, M.: A mid-Holocene shift in Arctic sea-ice variability on the East Greenland Shelf, Holocene, 12, 49–58, https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683602hl519rp, 2002.
Jennings, A. E., Hald, M., Smith, M., and Andrews, J. T.: Freshwater forcing from the Greenland Ice Sheet during the Younger Dryas: Evidence from southeastern Greenland shelf cores, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 25, 282–298, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.04.006, 2006.
Jennings, A. E., Sheldon, C., Cronin, T. M., Francus, P., Stoner, J., and Andrews, J.: The holocene history of nares strait: transition from Glacial Bay to Arctic- Atlantic Throughflow, Oceanography, 24, 26–41, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2011.52, 2011.
Jennings, A. E., Walton, M. E., Ó Cofaigh, C., Kilfeather, A., Andrews, J. T., Ortiz, J. D., De Vernal, A., and Dowdeswell, J. A.: Paleoenvironments during Younger Dryas-Early Holocene retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet from outer Disko Trough, central west Greenland, J. Quaternary Sci., 29, 27–40, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2652, 2014.
Jennings, A. E., Andrews, J. T., Ó Cofaigh, C., Onge, G. S., Sheldon, C., Belt, S. T., Cabedo-Sanz, P., and Hillaire-Marcel, C.: Ocean forcing of Ice Sheet retreat in central west Greenland from LGM to the early Holocene, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 472, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.05.007, 2017.
Jones, R. S., Whitehouse, P. L., Bentley, M. J., Small, D., and Dalton, A. S.: Impact of glacial isostatic adjustment on cosmogenic surface-exposure dating, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 212, 206–212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.03.012, 2019.
Joughin, I. A. N., Smith, B. E., and Howat, I. M.: A complete map of Greenland ice velocity derived from satellite data collected over 20 years, J. Glaciol., 64, 1–11, 2018.
Kaufman, D. S. and Williams, K. M.: Radiocarbon date list VII: Baffin Island, NWT, Canada, including marine dates from adjacent seas and East Greenland, Occas. Pap.-Inst. Arct. Alp. Res., 48, 1992.
Kelley, S. E., Briner, J. P., Young, N. E., Babonis, G. S., and Csatho, B.: Maximum late Holocene extent of the western Greenland Ice Sheet during the late 20th century, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 56, 89–98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.09.016, 2012.
Kelley, S. E., Briner, J. P., and Young, N. E.: Rapid ice retreat in Disko Bugt supported by 10Be dating of the last recession of the western Greenland Ice Sheet, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 82, 13–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.09.018, 2013.
Kelley, S. E., Briner, J. P., and Zimmerman, S. R. H.: The influence of ice marginal setting on early Holocene retreat rates in central West Greenland, J. Quaternary Sci., 30, 271–280, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2778, 2015.
Kelly, M.: Radiocarbon dated shell samples from Nordre Strømfjord, West Greenland, with comments on models of glacio-isostatic uplift, Rapp. Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse, 59, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v59.7369, 1973.
Kelly, M.: Comments on the implications of new radiocarbon dates from the Holsteinsborg region, central West Greenland, Rapp. Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse, 95, 35–42, https://doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v95.7642, 1979.
Kelly, M.: Preliminary investigations of the Quaternary of Melville Bugt and Dundas, North-West Greenland, Rapp. Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse, 100, 33–38, https://doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v100.7691, 1980.
Kelly, M. and Bennike, O.: Quaternary geology of parts of central and western North Greenland: a preliminary account, Rapp. Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse, 126, 111–116, https://doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v126.7917, 1985.
Kelly, M. and Bennike, O.: Quaternary geology of western and central North Greenland, Rapp. Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse, 153, 1–34, https://doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v153.8164, 1992.
Kelly, M. and Funder, S.: The pollen stratigraphy of late Quaternary lake sediments of South-West Greenland, Rapp. Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse, 64, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v64.7374, 1974.
Kelly, M., Funder, S., Houmark-nielsen, M., Knudsen, K. L., Kronborg, C., Landvik, J., and Sorby, L.: Quaternary glacial and marine environmental history of northwest Greenland: a review and reappraisal, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 18, 373–392, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00004-3, 1999.
Kjær, K. H., Bjørk, A. A., Kjeldsen, K. K., Hansen, E. S., Andresen, C. S., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., Khan, S. A., Søndergaard, A. S., Colgan, W., Schomacker, A., Woodroffe, S., Funder, S., Rouillard, A., Jensen, J. F., and Larsen, N. K.: Glacier response to the Little Ice Age during the Neoglacial cooling in Greenland, Earth-Sci. Rev., 227, 103984, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.103984, 2022.
Kjeldsen, K. K., Korsgaard, N. J., Bjørk, A. A., Khan, S. A., Box, J. E., Funder, S., Larsen, N. K., Bamber, J. L., Colgan, W., Van Den Broeke, M., Siggaard-Andersen, M. L., Nuth, C., Schomacker, A., Andresen, C. S., Willerslev, E., and Kjær, K. H.: Spatial and temporal distribution of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet since AD 1900, Nature, 528, 396–400, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16183, 2015.
Knutz, P. C., Sicre, M. A., Ebbesen, H., Christiansen, S., and Kuijpers, A.: Multiple-stage deglacial retreat of the southern Greenland Ice Sheet linked with Irminger Current warm water transport, Paleoceanography, 26, PA3204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010PA002053, 2011.
Kuijpers, A., Troelstra, S. R., Prins, M. A., Linthout, K., Akhmetzhanov, A., Bouryak, S., Bachmann, M. F., Lassen, S., Rasmussen, S., and Jensen, J. B.: Late Quaternary sedimentary processes and ocean circulation changes at the Southeast Greenland margin, Mar. Geol., 195, 109–129, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00684-9, 2003.
Laberg, J. S., Forwick, M., and Husum, K.: New geophysical evidence for a revised maximum position of part of the NE sector of the Greenland ice sheet during the last glacial maximum, Arktos, 3, 3, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41063-017-0029-4, 2017.
Landvik, J. Y., Weidick, A., and Hansen, A.: The glacial history of the Hans Tausen Iskappe and the last glaciation of Peary Land, North Greenland Reconstructions of the glacial dynamics from spatial data mining View project Glacial history of Svalbard View project, Meddelelser om Grønland, Geosci., 39, 27–44, 2001.
Lane, T. P., Roberts, D. H., Rea, B. R., Cofaigh, C., Vieli, A., and Rodés, A.: Controls upon the Last Glacial Maximum deglaciation of the northern Uummannaq Ice Stream System, West Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 92, 324–344, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.09.013, 2014.
Larsen, E., Fredin, O., Lyså, A., Amantov, A., Fjeldskaar, W., and Ottesen, D.: Causes of time-transgressive glacial maxima positions of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet, Nor. J. Geol., 96, 159–170, https://doi.org/10.17850/njg96-2-06, 2016.
Larsen, N. K., Funder, S., Kjær, K. H., Kjeldsen, K. K., Knudsen, M. F., and Linge, H.: Rapid early Holocene ice retreat in West Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 92, 310–323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.05.027, 2014.
Larsen, N. K., Kjær, K. H., Lecavalier, B., Bjørk, A. A., Colding, S., Huybrechts, P., Jakobsen, K. E., Kjeldsen, K. K., Knudsen, K. L., Odgaard, B. V., and Olsen, J.: The response of the southern Greenland ice sheet to the Holocene thermal maximum, Geology, 43, 291–294, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36476.1, 2015.
Larsen, N. K., Levy, L. B., Carlson, A. E., Buizert, C., Olsen, J., Strunk, A., Bjørk, A. A., and Skov, D. S.: Instability of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream over the last 45,000 years, Nat. Commun., 9, 1872, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04312-7, 2018.
Larsen, N. K., Søndergaard, A. S., Levy, L. B., Olsen, J., Strunk, A., Bjørk, A. A., and Skov, D.: Contrasting modes of deglaciation between fjords and inter-fjord areas in eastern North Greenland, Boreas, 49, 903–917, https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12475, 2020.
Larsen, N. K., Søndergaard, A. S., Levy, L. B., Laursen, C. H., Bjørk, A. A., Kjeldsen, K. K., Funder, S., Strunk, A., Olsen, J., and Kjær, K. H.: Cosmogenic nuclide inheritance in Little Ice Age moraines – A case study from Greenland, Quat. Geochronol., 65, 101200, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2021.101200, 2021.
Larsen, N. K., Søndergaard, A. S., Levy, L. B., Strunk, A., Skov, D. S., Bjørk, A., Khan, S. A., and Olsen, J.: Late glacial and Holocene glaciation history of North and Northeast Greenland, Arctic, Antarct. Alp. Res., 54, 294–313, https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2022.2094607, 2022.
Lecavalier, B. S., Milne, G. A., Simpson, M. J. R., Wake, L., Huybrechts, P., Tarasov, L., Kjeldsen, K. K., Funder, S., Long, A. J., Woodroffe, S., Dyke, A. S., and Larsen, N. K.: A model of Greenland ice sheet deglaciation constrained by observations of relative sea level and ice extent, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 102, 54–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.07.018, 2014.
Leger, T. P. M., Hein, A. S., Bingham, R. G., Martini, M. A., Soteres, R. L., Sagredo, E. A., and Martínez, O. A.: The glacial geomorphology of the Río Corcovado, Río Huemul and Lago Palena / General Vintter valleys, northeastern Patagonia (43° S, 71° W), J. Maps, 16, 651–668, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2020.1794990, 2020.
Leger, T., Clark, C., Huynh, C., Jones, S., Ely, J., Bradley, S., Diemont, C., and Hughes, A.: A Greenland-wide empirical reconstruction of paleo ice-sheet retreat informed by ice extent markers: PaleoGrIS version 1.0, Mendeley Data V1 [data set], https://doi.org/10.17632/nh57cz4gys.1, 2024.
Lesnek, A. J. and Briner, J. P.: Response of a land-terminating sector of the western Greenland Ice Sheet to early Holocene climate change: Evidence from 10Be dating in the Søndre Isortoq region, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 180, 145–156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.11.028, 2018.
Levy, L. B., Kelly, M. A., Howley, J. A., and Virginia, R. A.: Age of the Ørkendalen moraines, Kangerlussuaq, Greenland: Constraints on the extent of the southwestern margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet during the Holocene, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 52, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.07.021, 2012.
Levy, L. B., Kelly, M. A., Lowell, T. V., Hall, B. L., Howley, J. A., and Smith, C. A.: Coeval fluctuations of the Greenland ice sheet and a local glacier, central East Greenland, during late glacial and early Holocene time, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 1623–1631, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067108, 2016.
Levy, L. B., Larsen, N. K., Davidson, T. A., Strunk, A., Olsen, J., and Jeppesen, E.: Contrasting evidence of Holocene ice margin retreat, south-western Greenland, J. Quaternary Sci., 32, 604–616, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2957, 2017.
Levy, L. B., Kelly, M. A., Applegate, P. A., Howley, J. A., and Virginia, R. A.: Middle to late Holocene chronology of the western margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet: A comparison with Holocene temperature and precipitation records, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 50, https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2017.1414477, 2018.
Levy, L. B., Larsen, N. K., Knudsen, M. F., Egholm, D. L., Bjørk, A. A., Kjeldsen, K. K., Kelly, M. A., Howley, J. A., Olsen, J., Tikhomirov, D., Zimmerman, S. R. H., and Kjær, K. H.: Multi-phased deglaciation of south and southeast Greenland controlled by climate and topographic setting, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 242, 106454, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106454, 2020.
Lifton, N., Sato, T., and Dunai, T. J.: Scaling in situ cosmogenic nuclide production rates using analytical approximations to atmospheric cosmic-ray fluxes, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 386, 149–160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.052, 2014.
Lloyd, J. M., Park, L. A., Kuijpers, A., and Moros, M.: Early Holocene palaeoceanography and deglacial chronology of Disko Bugt, West Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 1741–1755, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.07.024, 2005.
Lloyd, J. M., Ribeiro, S., Weckström, K., Callard, L., Ó Cofaigh, C., Leng, M. J., Gulliver, P., and Roberts, D. H.: Ice-ocean interactions at the Northeast Greenland Ice stream (NEGIS) over the past 11,000 years, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 308, 108068, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108068, 2023.
Long, A. J. and Roberts, D. H.: A revised chronology for the “Fjord Stade” moraine in Disko Bugt, west Greenland, J. Quaternary Sci., 17, 561–579, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.705, 2002.
Long, A. J. and Roberts, D. H.: Late Weichselian deglacial history of Disko Bugt, West Greenland, and the dynamics of the Jakobshavns Isbrae ice stream, Boreas, 32, 208–226, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2003.tb01438.x, 2003.
Long, A. J., Roberts, D. H., and Wright, M. R.: Isolation basin stratigraphy and Holocene relative sea-level change on Arveprinsen Ejland, Disko Bugt, West Greenland, J. Quaternary Sci., 14, 323–345, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1417(199907)14:4<323::AID-JQS442>3.0.CO;2-0, 1999.
Long, A. J., Roberts, D. H., and Rasch, M.: New observations on the relative sea level and deglacial history of Greenland from Innaarsuit, Disko Bugt, Quaternary Res., 60, 162–171, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00085-1, 2003.
Long, A. J., Roberts, D. H., and Dawson, S.: Early Holocene history of the west Greenland Ice Sheet and the GH-8.2 event, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 25, 904–922, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.002, 2006.
Long, A. J., Roberts, D. H., Simpson, M. J. R., Dawson, S., Milne, G. A., and Huybrechts, P.: Late Weichselian relative sea-level changes and ice sheet history in southeast Greenland, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 272, 8–18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.03.042, 2008.
Long, A. J., Woodroffe, S. A., Roberts, D. H., and Dawson, S.: Isolation basins, sea-level changes and the Holocene history of the Greenland Ice Sheet, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 3748–3768, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.10.013, 2011.
Lowell, T. V., Kelly, M. A., Howley, J. A., Fisher, T. G., Barnett, P. J., Schwartz, R., Zimmerman, S. R. H., Norris, N., and Malone, A. G. O.: Near-constant retreat rate of a terrestrial margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the last deglaciation, Geology, 49, 1511–1515, https://doi.org/10.1130/G49081.1, 2021.
Manley, W. F. and Jennings, A. E.: Radiocarbon Date List VIII: Eastern Canadian Arctic, East Greenland Shelf and Antarctica, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research. Occasional Paper, 50, 1996.
Marienfeld, P.: Faziesvariationen glazialmariner Sedimente im Scoresby-Sund, Ost-Grönland, Zentralblatt für Geol. und Paläontologie, 1, 1739–1749, 1990.
McCarthy, D. J.: Late Quaternary ice-ocean interactions in central West Greenland, Durham University, Durham, 292 pp., https://etheses.dur.ac.uk/868/ (last access: 20 March 2024), 2011.
Mejdahl, V. and Funder, S.: Luminescence dating of Late Quaternary sediments from East Greenland, Boreas, 23, 525–535, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1994.tb00620.x, 1994.
Meredith, M., Sommerkorn, M., Cassotta, S., Derksen, C., Ekaykin, A., Hollowed, A., Kofinas, G., Mackintosh, A., Melbourne-Thomas, J., Muelbert, M. M. C., Ottersen, G., Pritchard, H., and Schuur, E. A. G.: Polar regions, Chapt. 3, IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, 203–320, 2019.
Mienert, J., Andrews, J. T., and Milliman, J. D.: The East Greenland continental margin (65° N) since the last degiaciation: Changes in seafloor properties and ocean circulation, Mar. Geol., 106, 217–238, 1992.
Möller, P., Larsen, N. K., Kjær, K. H., Funder, S., Schomacker, A., Linge, H., and Fabel, D.: Early to middle Holocene valley glaciations on northernmost Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 3379–3398, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.044, 2010.
Morlighem, M., Williams, C. N., Rignot, E., An, L., Arndt, J. E., Bamber, J. L., Catania, G., Chauché, N., Dowdeswell, J. A., Dorschel, B., Fenty, I., Hogan, K., Howat, I., Hubbard, A., Jakobsson, M., Jordan, T. M., Kjeldsen, K. K., Millan, R., Mayer, L., Mouginot, J., Noël, B. P. Y., O'Cofaigh, C., Palmer, S., Rysgaard, S., Seroussi, H., Siegert, M. J., Slabon, P., Straneo, F., van den Broeke, M. R., Weinrebe, W., Wood, M., and Zinglersen, K. B.: BedMachine v3: Complete Bed Topography and Ocean Bathymetry Mapping of Greenland From Multibeam Echo Sounding Combined With Mass Conservation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 11051–11061, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074954, 2017.
Nelson, A. H., Bierman, P. R., Shakun, J. D., and Rood, D. H.: Using in situ cosmogenic 10Be to identify the source of sediment leaving Greenland, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 39, 1087–1100, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3565, 2014.
Newton, A. M. W., Knutz, P. C., Huuse, M., Gannon, P., Brocklehurst, S. H., Clausen, O. R., and Gong, Y.: Ice stream reorganization and glacial retreat on the northwest Greenland shelf, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 7826–7835, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073690, 2017.
Nichols, R.: Geomorphology of Inglefield Land, North Greenland, Meddelelser om Grønl., C. A. Reitzel, 1, 109, ISSN 0025-6676, 1969.
Niwano, M., Box, J. E., Wehrlé, A., Vandecrux, B., Colgan, W. T., and Cappelen, J.: Rainfall on the Greenland Ice Sheet: Present-Day Climatology From a High-Resolution Non-Hydrostatic Polar Regional Climate Model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL092942, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092942, 2021.
Nørgaard-Pedersen, N., Spielhagen, R. F., Erlenkeuser, H., Grootes, P. M., Heinemeier, J., and Knies, J.: Arctic Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum: Atlantic and polar domains of surface water mass distribution and ice cover, Paleoceanography, 18, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000781, 2003.
Nørgaard-Pedersen, N., Mikkelsen, N., and Kristoffersen, Y.: Late glacial and Holocene marine records from the Independence Fjord and Wandel Sea regions, North Greenland, Polar Res., 27, 209–221, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2008.00065.x, 2008.
Norris, S. L., Tarasov, L., Monteath, A. J., Gosse, J. C., Hidy, A. J., Margold, M., and Froese, D. G.: Rapid retreat of the southwestern Laurentide Ice Sheet during the Bølling-Allerød interval, Geology, 50, 417–421, https://doi.org/10.1130/G49493.1, 2022.
Ó Cofaigh, C., Dowdeswell, J. A., Evans, J., Kenyon, N. H., Taylor, J., Mienert, J., and Wilken, M.: Timing and significance of glacially influenced mass-wasting in the submarine channels of the Greenland Basin, Mar. Geol., 207, 39–54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.02.009, 2004.
Ó Cofaigh, C., Dowdeswell, J. A., Jennings, A. E., Hogan, K. A., Kilfeather, A., Hiemstra, J. F., Noormets, R., Evans, J., McCarthy, D. J., Andrews, J. T., Lloyd, J. M., and Moros, M.: An extensive and dynamic ice sheet on the west greenland shelf during the last glacial cycle, Geology, 41, 219–222, https://doi.org/10.1130/G33759.1, 2013.
Osman, M. B., Tierney, J. E., Zhu, J., Tardif, R., Hakim, G. J., King, J., and Poulsen, C. J.: Globally resolved surface temperatures since the Last Glacial Maximum, Nature, 599, 239–244, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03984-4, 2021.
Otosaka, I. N., Shepherd, A., Ivins, E. R., Schlegel, N.-J., Amory, C., van den Broeke, M. R., Horwath, M., Joughin, I., King, M. D., Krinner, G., Nowicki, S., Payne, A. J., Rignot, E., Scambos, T., Simon, K. M., Smith, B. E., Sørensen, L. S., Velicogna, I., Whitehouse, P. L., A, G., Agosta, C., Ahlstrøm, A. P., Blazquez, A., Colgan, W., Engdahl, M. E., Fettweis, X., Forsberg, R., Gallée, H., Gardner, A., Gilbert, L., Gourmelen, N., Groh, A., Gunter, B. C., Harig, C., Helm, V., Khan, S. A., Kittel, C., Konrad, H., Langen, P. L., Lecavalier, B. S., Liang, C.-C., Loomis, B. D., McMillan, M., Melini, D., Mernild, S. H., Mottram, R., Mouginot, J., Nilsson, J., Noël, B., Pattle, M. E., Peltier, W. R., Pie, N., Roca, M., Sasgen, I., Save, H. V., Seo, K.-W., Scheuchl, B., Schrama, E. J. O., Schröder, L., Simonsen, S. B., Slater, T., Spada, G., Sutterley, T. C., Vishwakarma, B. D., van Wessem, J. M., Wiese, D., van der Wal, W., and Wouters, B.: Mass balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets from 1992 to 2020, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1597–1616, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, 2023.
Pados-Dibattista, T., Pearce, C., Detlef, H., Bendtsen, J., and Seidenkrantz, M.-S.: Holocene palaeoceanography of the Northeast Greenland shelf, Clim. Past, 18, 103–127, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-103-2022, 2022.
Patton, H., Hubbard, A., Andreassen, K., Auriac, A., Whitehouse, P. L., Stroeven, A. P., Shackleton, C., Winsborrow, M., Heyman, J., and Hall, A. M.: Deglaciation of the Eurasian ice sheet complex, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 169, 148–172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.05.019, 2017.
Pearce, C., Özdemir, K. S., Forchhammer Mathiasen, R., Detlef, H., and Olsen, J.: The marine reservoir age of Greenland coastal waters, Geochronology, 5, 451–465, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-451-2023, 2023.
Pearce, D. M., Mair, D. W. F., Rea, B. R., Lea, J. M., Schofield, J. E., Kamenos, N., and Schoenrock, K.: The glacial geomorphology of upper Godthåbsfjord (Nuup Kangerlua) in southwest Greenland, J. Maps, 14, 45–55, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2017.1422447, 2018.
Pedersen, M., Weng, W. L., Keulen, N., and Kokfelt, T. F.: A new seamless digital 1:500 000 scale geological map of Greenland, Geol. Surv. Denmark Greenl. Bull., 28, 65–68, https://doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v28.4727, 2013.
Perner, K., Moros, M., Snowball, I., Lloyd, J. M., Kuijpers, A., and Richter, T.: Establishment of modern circulation pattern at c. 6000 cal a BP in Disko Bugt, central West Greenland: opening of the Vaigat Strait, J. Quaternary Sci., 28, 480–489, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2638, 2013.
Philipps, W., Briner, J. P., Bennike, O., Schweinsberg, A., Beel, C., and Lifton, N.: Earliest Holocene deglaciation of the central Uummannaq Fjord system, West Greenland, Boreas, 47, 311–325, https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12270, 2017.
Pittard, M. L., Whitehouse, P. L., Bentley, M. J., and Small, D.: An ensemble of Antarctic deglacial simulations constrained by geological observations, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 298, 107800, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107800, 2022.
Porter, C., Morin, C., Howat, P., Noh, I., Bates, M.-J., Peterman, B., Keesey, K., Schlenk, S., Gardiner, M., and Tomko, J.: ArcticDEM, Harvard dataverse [data set], https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/C98DVS, 2018.
Puleo, P. J. K., Masterson, A. L., Medeiros, A. S., Schellinger, G., Steigleder, R., Woodroffe, S., Osburn, M. R., and Axford, Y.: Younger Dryas and early Holocene climate in south Greenland inferred from oxygen isotopes of chironomids, aquatic Moss, and Moss cellulose, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 296, 107810, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107810, 2022.
Rasmussen, T. L., Pearce, C., Andresen, K. J., Nielsen, T., and Seidenkrantz, M. S.: Northeast Greenland ice–free shelf edge at 79.4° N around the Last Glacial Maximum 25.5–17.5 ka, Boreas, 51, 759–775, https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12593, 2022.
Reimer, P. J. and Reimer, R. W.: A marine reservoir correction database and on-line interface, Radiocarbon, 43, 461–463, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200038339, 2001.
Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Butzin, M., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Hajdas, I., Heaton, T. J., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kromer, B., Manning, S. W., Muscheler, R., Palmer, J. G., Pearson, C., Van Der Plicht, J., Reimer, R. W., Richards, D. A., Scott, E. M., Southon, J. R., Turney, C. S. M., Wacker, L., Adolphi, F., Büntgen, U., Capano, M., Fahrni, S. M., Fogtmann-Schulz, A., Friedrich, R., Köhler, P., Kudsk, S., Miyake, F., Olsen, J., Reinig, F., Sakamoto, M., Sookdeo, A., and Talamo, S.: The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP), Radiocarbon, 62, 725–757, https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.41, 2020.
Reusche, M. M., Marcott, S. A., Ceperley, E. G., Barth, A. M., Brook, E. J., Mix, A. C., and Caffee, M. W.: Early to Late Holocene Surface Exposure Ages From Two Marine-Terminating Outlet Glaciers in Northwest Greenland, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 7028–7039, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078266, 2018.
Rignot, E. and Mouginot, J.: Ice flow in Greenland for the International Polar Year 2008–2009, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L11501, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051634, 2012.
Rinterknecht, V., Gorokhovich, Y., Schaefer, J., and Caffee, M.: Preliminary 10Be chronology for the last deglaciation of the western margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet, J. Quaternary Sci., 24, 270–278, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1226, 2009.
Rinterknecht, V., Jomelli, V., Brunstein, D., Favier, V., Masson-Delmotte, V., Bourlès, D., Leanni, L., and Schläppy, R.: Unstable ice stream in Greenland during the Younger Dryas cold event, Geology, 42, 759–762, https://doi.org/10.1130/G35929.1, 2014.
Roberts, D. H., Long, A. J., Schnabel, C., Freeman, S., and Simpson, M. J. R.: The deglacial history of southeast sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 27, 1505–1516, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.04.008, 2008.
Roberts, D. H., Long, A. J., Schnabel, C., Davies, B. J., Xu, S., Simpson, M. J. R., and Huybrechts, P.: Ice sheet extent and early deglacial history of the southwestern sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 2760–2773, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.002, 2009.
Roberts, D. H., Rea, B. R., Lane, T. P., Schnabel, C., and Rodés, A.: New constraints on Greenland ice sheet dynamics during the last glacial cycle: Evidence from the Uummannaq ice stream system, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 118, 519–541, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20032, 2013.
Rogozhina, I., Martinec, Z., Hagedoorn, J. M., Thomas, M., and Fleming, K.: On the long-term memory of the Greenland ice sheet, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 116, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001787, 2011.
Rootes, C. M. and Clark, C. D.: Glacial trimlines to identify former ice margins and subglacial thermal boundaries: A review and classification scheme for trimline expression, Earth-Sci. Rev., 210, 103355, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103355, 2020.
Sbarra, C. M., Briner, J. P., Graham, B. L., Poinar, K., Thomas, E. K., and Young, N. E.: Evidence for a more extensive Greenland Ice Sheet in southwestern Greenland during the Last Glacial Maximum, Geosphere, 18, 1316–1329, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02432.1, 2022.
Seidenkrantz, M.-S., Kuijpers, A., Olsen, J., Pearce, C., Lindblom, S., Ploug, J., Przybyło, P., and Snowball, I.: Southwest Greenland shelf glaciation during MIS 4 more extensive than during the Last Glacial Maximum, Sci. Rep., 9, 15617, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51983-3, 2019.
Shotton, F. W., Williams, R. E. G., and Johnson, A. S.: Birmingham University Radiocarbon Dates VIII, Radiocarbon, 16, 285–303, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200059610, 1974.
Simonarson, L. A.: Upper Pleistocene and Holocene marine deposits and faunas on the north coast of Nûgssuaq, West Greenland, GRØNLANDS Geol. UNDERSØGELSE, 140, 129, https://doi.org/10.34194/bullggu.v140.6682, 1981.
Simpson, M. J. R., Milne, G. A., Huybrechts, P., and Long, A. J.: Calibrating a glaciological model of the Greenland ice sheet from the Last Glacial Maximum to present-day using field observations of relative sea level and ice extent, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 1631–1657, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.03.004, 2009.
Sinclair, G., Carlson, A. E., Mix, A. C., Lecavalier, B. S., Milne, G., Mathias, A., Buizert, C., and DeConto, R.: Diachronous retreat of the Greenland ice sheet during the last deglaciation, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 145, 243–258, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.05.040, 2016.
Skov, D. S., Andersen, J. L., Olsen, J., Jacobsen, B. H., Knudsen, M. F., Jansen, J. D., Larsen, N. K., and Egholm, D. L.: Constraints from cosmogenic nuclides on the glaciation and erosion history of Dove Bugt, northeast Greenland, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 132, 2282–2294, https://doi.org/10.1130/b35410.1, 2020.
Small, D., Clark, C. D., Chiverrell, R. C., Smedley, R. K., Bateman, M. D., Duller, G. A. T., Ely, J. C., Fabel, D., Medialdea, A., and Moreton, S. G.: Devising quality assurance procedures for assessment of legacy geochronological data relating to deglaciation of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet, Earth-Sci. Rev., 164, 232–250, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.11.007, 1 January 2017.
Smith, L. M. and Licht, K. J.: Radiocarbon Date List IX: Antarctica, Arctic Ocean and the Northern North Atlantic, INSTAAR Occas. Pap., 54, 1–138, 2000.
Søndergaard, A. S., Larsen, N. K., Olsen, J., Strunk, A., and Woodroffe, S.: Glacial history of the Greenland Ice Sheet and a local ice cap in Qaanaaq, northwest Greenland, J. Quaternary Sci., 34, 536–547, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3139, 2019.
Søndergaard, A. S., Larsen, N. K., Steinemann, O., Olsen, J., Funder, S., Egholm, D. L., and Kjær, K. H.: Glacial history of Inglefield Land, north Greenland from combined in situ 10Be and 14C exposure dating, Clim. Past, 16, 1999–2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1999-2020, 2020.
Sparrenbom, C. J., Bennike, O., Björck, S., and Lambeck, K.: Holocene relative sea-level changes in the Qaqortoq area, southern Greenland, Boreas, 35, 171–187, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2006.tb01148.x, 2006.
Storms, J. E. A., de Winter, I. L., Overeem, I., Drijkoningen, G. G., and Lykke-Andersen, H.: The Holocene sedimentary history of the Kangerlussuaq Fjord-valley fill, West Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 35, 29–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.12.014, 2012.
Stroeven, A. P., Hättestrand, C., Kleman, J., Heyman, J., Fabel, D., Fredin, O., Goodfellow, B. W., Harbor, J. M., Jansen, J. D., Olsen, L., Caffee, M. W., Fink, D., Lundqvist, J., Rosqvist, G. C., Strömberg, B., and Jansson, K. N.: Deglaciation of Fennoscandia, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 147, 91–121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.09.016, 2016.
Sugden, D.: Deglaciation and Isostasy in the Sukkertoppen Ice Cap Area, West Greenland, Arct. Alp. Res., 4, 97, https://doi.org/10.2307/1550394, 1972.
van Tatenhove, F. G. M., van der Meer, J. J. M., and Koster, E. A.: Implications for Deglaciation Chronology from New AMS Age Determinations in Central West Greenland, Quaternary Res., 45, 245–253, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1996.0025, 1996.
Tauber, H.: Copenhagen Radiocarbon Dates VII, Radiocarbon, 8, 213–234, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200000126, 1966.
Tauber, H.: Copenhagen Radiocarbon Dates IX, Radiocarbon, 10, 295–327, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200010912, 1968.
Ten Brink, N. W. and Weidick, A.: Greenland ice sheet history since the last glaciation, Quaternary Res., 4, 429–440, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(74)90038-6, 1974.
The IMBIE Team: Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018, Nature, 579, 233–239, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2, 2019.
Trautman, M. A.: Isotopes, Inc. Radiocarbon Measurements III, Radiocarbon, 5, 62–79, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200036791, 1963.
Trautman, M. A. and Willis, E. H.: Isotopes, Inc. Radiocarbon Measurements V, Radiocarbon, 8, 161–203, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200000102, 1966.
Wagner, B. and Melles, M.: Holocene environmental history of western Ymer Ø, East Greenland, inferred from lake sediments, Quatern. Int., 89, 165–176, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00087-8, 2002.
Wagner, B., Melles, M., Hahne, J., Niessen, F., and Hubberten, H.-W.: Holocene climate history of Geographical Society Ø, East Greenland – evidence from lake sediments, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 160, 45–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00046-8, 2000.
Washburn, A. L. and Stuiver, M.: Radiocarbon-Dated Postglacial Delevelling in Northeast Greenland and Its Implications, Arctic, 15, 66–73, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic3558, 1962.
Weidick, A.: Observations on some Holocene glacier fluctuations in West Greenland, Bull. Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse, 73, 1–202, https://doi.org/10.34194/bullggu.v73.6611, 1968.
Weidick, A.: Short explanation to the Quaternary Map of Greenland, Rapp. Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse, 36, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v36.7269, 1971.
Weidick, A.: Holocene shore-lines and glacial stages in Greenland – an attempt at correlation, Rapp. Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse, 41, 1–39, https://doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v41.7281, 1972.
Weidick, A.: A Review of Quaternary Investigations in Greenland, Institute of Polar Studies, the Ohio State University, 68–71, http://hdl.handle.net/1811/48043, 1975.
Weidick, A.: C14 dating of survey material carried out in 1975, Rapp. Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse, 80, 136–144, https://doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v90.7609, 1976.
Weidick, A.: C14 dating of Survey material carried out in 1976, Rapp. Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse, 85, 127–129, https://doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v85.7545, 1977.
Weidick, A.: C14 dating of survey material carried out in 1977, Rapp. Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse, 90, 119–124, https://doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v90.7609, 1978.
Weidick, A. and Bennike, O.: Quaternary glaciation history and glaciology of Jakobshavn Isbræ and the Disko Bugt region, West Greenland: a review, Geol. Surv. Denmark Greenl. Bull., 14, 1–78, https://doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v14.4985, 2007.
Weidick, A., Oerter, H., Reeh, N., Thomsen, H. H., and Thorning, L.: The recession of the Inland Ice margin during the Holocene climatic optimum in the Jakobshavn Isfjord area of West Greenland, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 82, 389–399, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(12)80010-1, 1990.
Weidick, A., Andreasen, C., Oerter, H., and Reeh, N.: Neoglacial glacier changes around Storstrommen, North-East Greenland, Polarforschung, 64, 95–108, 1996.
Weidick, A., Kelly, M., and Bennike, O.: Late Quaternary development of the southern sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet, with particular reference to the Qassimiut lobe, Boreas, 33, 284–299, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2004.tb01242.x, 2004.
Weiser, J., Titschack, J., and Hebbeln, D.: The deglaciation of Upernavik trough, West Greenland, and its Holocene sediment infill: processes and provenance, Boreas, 52, 314–340, https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12626, 2023.
Willemse, N.: Arctic Natural Archives, Ned. Geogr. Stud., 272, 181 pp., 2000.
Williams, K. M.: Ice Sheet and Ocean Interactions, Margin of the East Greenland Ice Sheet (14 Ka to Present): Diatom Evidence, Paleoceanography, 8, 69–83, https://doi.org/10.1029/92PA02591, 1993.
Williams, K. M., Andrews, J. T., Weiner, N. J., and Mudie, P. J.: Late Quaternary Paleoceanography of the Mid-to Outer Continental Shelf, East Greenland, Arct. Alp. Res., 27, 352–363, https://doi.org/10.2307/1552028, 1995.
Winkelmann, R., Martin, M. A., Haseloff, M., Albrecht, T., Bueler, E., Khroulev, C., and Levermann, A.: The Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK) – Part 1: Model description, The Cryosphere, 5, 715–726, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-715-2011, 2011.
Winsor, K., Carlson, A. E., and Rood, D. H.: 10Be dating of the Narsarsuaq moraine in southernmost Greenland: Evidence for a late-Holocene ice advance exceeding the Little Ice Age maximum, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 98, 135–143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.026, 2014.
Winsor, K., Carlson, A. E., Caffee, M. W., and Rood, D. H.: Rapid last-deglacial thinning and retreat of the marine-terminating southwestern Greenland ice sheet, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 426, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.05.040, 2015.
Yang, H., Krebs-Kanzow, U., Kleiner, T., Sidorenko, D., Rodehacke, C. B., Shi, X., Gierz, P., Niu, L., Gowan, E. J., Hinck, S., Liu, X., Stap, L. B., and Lohmann, G.: Impact of paleoclimate on present and future evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet, PLoS One, 17, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259816, 2022.
Yang, Q., Dixon, T. H., Myers, P. G., Bonin, J., Chambers, D., and Van Den Broeke, M. R.: Recent increases in Arctic freshwater flux affects Labrador Sea convection and Atlantic overturning circulation, Nat. Commun., 7, 10525, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10525, 2016.
Young, N. E., Briner, J. P., Axford, Y., Csatho, B., Babonis, G. S., Rood, D. H., and Finkel, R. C.: Response of a marine-terminating Greenland outlet glacier to abrupt cooling 8200 and 9300 years ago, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049639, 2011a.
Young, N. E., Briner, J. P., Stewart, H. A. M., Axford, Y., Csatho, B., Rood, D. H., and Finkel, R. C.: Response of Jakobshavn Isbrae, Greenland, to Holocene climate change, Geology, 39, 131–134, https://doi.org/10.1130/G31399.1, 2011b.
Young, N. E., Schaefer, J. M., Briner, J. P., and Goehring, B. M.: A 10Be production-rate calibration for the Arctic, J. Quaternary Sci., 28, 515–526, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2642, 2013a.
Young, N. E., Briner, J. P., Rood, D. H., Finkel, R. C., Corbett, L. B., and Bierman, P. R.: Age of the Fjord Stade moraines in the Disko Bugt region, western Greenland, and the 9.3 and 8.2 ka cooling events, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 60, 76–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.09.028, 2013b.
Young, N. E., Briner, J. P., Miller, G. H., Lesnek, A. J., Crump, S. E., Thomas, E. K., Pendleton, S. L., Cuzzone, J., Lamp, J., Zimmerman, S., Caffee, M., and Schaefer, J. M.: Deglaciation of the Greenland and Laurentide ice sheets interrupted by glacier advance during abrupt coolings, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 229, 106091, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106091, 2020.
Young, N. E., Lesnek, A. J., Cuzzone, J. K., Briner, J. P., Badgeley, J. A., Balter-Kennedy, A., Graham, B. L., Cluett, A., Lamp, J. L., Schwartz, R., Tuna, T., Bard, E., Caffee, M. W., Zimmerman, S. R. H., and Schaefer, J. M.: In situ cosmogenic 10Be–14C–26Al measurements from recently deglaciated bedrock as a new tool to decipher changes in Greenland Ice Sheet size, Clim. Past, 17, 419–450, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-419-2021, 2021.
Short summary
Projecting the future evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet is key. However, it is still under the influence of past climate changes that occurred over thousands of years. This makes calibrating projection models against current knowledge of its past evolution (not yet achieved) important. To help with this, we produced a new Greenland-wide reconstruction of ice sheet extent by gathering all published studies dating its former retreat and by mapping its past margins at the ice sheet scale.
Projecting the future evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet is key. However, it is still under...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint