Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2325-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2325-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
23 Nov 2020
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 23 Nov 2020
| 23 Nov 2020
Evaluation of Arctic warming in mid-Pliocene climate simulations
Wesley de Nooijer
Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Qiang Zhang
Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Xiangyu Li
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Zhongshi Zhang
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
Chuncheng Guo
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Kerim H. Nisancioglu
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Alan M. Haywood
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
Julia C. Tindall
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
Stephen J. Hunter
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
Harry J. Dowsett
Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192, USA
Christian Stepanek
Alfred Wegener Institute – Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar und
Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
Gerrit Lohmann
Alfred Wegener Institute – Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar und
Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
Bette L. Otto-Bliesner
Palaeo and Polar Climate Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
Ran Feng
Department of Geosciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Connecticut, CT 06269, USA
Linda E. Sohl
Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
Mark A. Chandler
Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
Ning Tan
Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Universiteì Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Camille Contoux
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Universiteì Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Gilles Ramstein
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Universiteì Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Michiel L. J. Baatsen
Centre for Complex Systems Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Anna S. von der Heydt
Centre for Complex Systems Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU), Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Deepak Chandan
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
W. Richard Peltier
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Ayako Abe-Ouchi
Centre for Earth Surface System Dynamics (CESD), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Wing-Le Chan
Centre for Earth Surface System Dynamics (CESD), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Youichi Kamae
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Chris M. Brierley
Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
Viewed
Total article views: 5,800 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 15 May 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,487 | 1,190 | 123 | 5,800 | 411 | 128 | 143 |
- HTML: 4,487
- PDF: 1,190
- XML: 123
- Total: 5,800
- Supplement: 411
- BibTeX: 128
- EndNote: 143
Total article views: 4,641 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 23 Nov 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,736 | 823 | 82 | 4,641 | 260 | 100 | 94 |
- HTML: 3,736
- PDF: 823
- XML: 82
- Total: 4,641
- Supplement: 260
- BibTeX: 100
- EndNote: 94
Total article views: 1,159 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 15 May 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 751 | 367 | 41 | 1,159 | 151 | 28 | 49 |
- HTML: 751
- PDF: 367
- XML: 41
- Total: 1,159
- Supplement: 151
- BibTeX: 28
- EndNote: 49
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 5,800 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 5,101 with geography defined
and 699 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 4,641 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,085 with geography defined
and 556 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 1,159 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 1,016 with geography defined
and 143 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
31 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Effects of CO2 and Ocean Mixing on Miocene and Pliocene Temperature Gradients G. Lohmann et al. 10.1029/2020PA003953
- Warm mid-Pliocene conditions without high climate sensitivity: the CCSM4-Utrecht (CESM 1.0.5) contribution to the PlioMIP2 M. Baatsen et al. 10.5194/cp-18-657-2022
- The Contribution of Vegetation‐Climate Feedback and Resultant Sea Ice Loss to Amplified Arctic Warming During the Mid‐Holocene J. Chen et al. 10.1029/2022GL098816
- The crucial role of vegetation cover in shaping the dipole pattern of East Asian summer monsoon changes during the late Pliocene warm period R. Gu et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109317
- Highly restricted near‐surface permafrost extent during the mid-Pliocene warm period D. Guo et al. 10.1073/pnas.2301954120
- Mid-Pliocene not analogous to high-CO2 climate when considering Northern Hemisphere winter variability A. Oldeman et al. 10.5194/wcd-5-395-2024
- Amplified seasonality in western Europe in a warmer world N. de Winter et al. 10.1126/sciadv.adl6717
- Evaluating the large-scale hydrological cycle response within the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) ensemble Z. Han et al. 10.5194/cp-17-2537-2021
- Revisiting the physical processes controlling the tropical atmospheric circulation changes during the Mid-Piacenzian Warm Period K. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.01.001
- Changes in Sahel summer rainfall in a global warming climate: contrasting the mid-Pliocene and future regional hydrological cycles Z. Han et al. 10.1007/s00382-022-06630-5
- The impacts of reduced ice sheets, vegetation, and elevated CO 2 on future Arctic climates K. Power & Q. Zhang 10.1080/15230430.2024.2433860
- The warm winter paradox in the Pliocene northern high latitudes J. Tindall et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1385-2022
- The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2: large-scale climate features and climate sensitivity A. Haywood et al. 10.5194/cp-16-2095-2020
- Modeling the mid-piacenzian warm climate using the water isotope-enabled Community Earth System Model (iCESM1.2-ITPCAS) Y. Sun et al. 10.1007/s00382-024-07304-0
- Unraveling the mechanisms and implications of a stronger mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in PlioMIP2 J. Weiffenbach et al. 10.5194/cp-19-61-2023
- Limited exchange between the deep Pacific and Atlantic oceans during the warm mid-Pliocene and Marine Isotope Stage M2 “glaciation” A. Braaten et al. 10.5194/cp-19-2109-2023
- Uneven future greening across the northern high latitudes: Regional responses to rising CO2 K. Power 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111193
- Using paleoecological data to inform decision making: A deep-time perspective H. Dowsett et al. 10.3389/fevo.2022.972179
- The changes in south Asian summer monsoon circulation during the mid-Piacenzian warm period Z. Han & G. Li 10.1007/s00382-024-07179-1
- Mid-Pliocene West African Monsoon rainfall as simulated in the PlioMIP2 ensemble E. Berntell et al. 10.5194/cp-17-1777-2021
- The Yorktown Formation: Improved Stratigraphy, Chronology, and Paleoclimate Interpretations from the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain H. Dowsett et al. 10.3390/geosciences11120486
- Less Dryland Aridity During Pliocene Warmth R. Zhang et al. 10.1029/2023JD039371
- Asymmetric Pacific variability in the Pliocene: An unchanged PDO relative to a suppressed ENSO K. Canal-Solis et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104932
- Mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation simulated in PlioMIP2 Z. Zhang et al. 10.5194/cp-17-529-2021
- Similar North Pacific variability despite suppressed El Niño variability in the warm mid-Pliocene climate A. Oldeman et al. 10.5194/esd-15-1037-2024
- Simulating the mid-Holocene, last interglacial and mid-Pliocene climate with EC-Earth3-LR Q. Zhang et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-1147-2021
- Arctic Sea Ice in the Light of Current and Past Climate Changes I. Borzenkova et al. 10.1134/S0001433823130042
- An assessment of the Pliocene as an analogue for our warmer future L. Burton et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104860
- Sclerochronological evidence of pronounced seasonality from the late Pliocene of the southern North Sea basin and its implications A. Johnson et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1203-2022
- Emergence of a climate oscillation in the Arctic Ocean due to global warming S. Kim & S. An 10.1038/s41558-024-02171-3
- The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2: large-scale climate features and climate sensitivity A. Haywood et al. 10.5194/cp-16-2095-2020
30 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Effects of CO2 and Ocean Mixing on Miocene and Pliocene Temperature Gradients G. Lohmann et al. 10.1029/2020PA003953
- Warm mid-Pliocene conditions without high climate sensitivity: the CCSM4-Utrecht (CESM 1.0.5) contribution to the PlioMIP2 M. Baatsen et al. 10.5194/cp-18-657-2022
- The Contribution of Vegetation‐Climate Feedback and Resultant Sea Ice Loss to Amplified Arctic Warming During the Mid‐Holocene J. Chen et al. 10.1029/2022GL098816
- The crucial role of vegetation cover in shaping the dipole pattern of East Asian summer monsoon changes during the late Pliocene warm period R. Gu et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109317
- Highly restricted near‐surface permafrost extent during the mid-Pliocene warm period D. Guo et al. 10.1073/pnas.2301954120
- Mid-Pliocene not analogous to high-CO2 climate when considering Northern Hemisphere winter variability A. Oldeman et al. 10.5194/wcd-5-395-2024
- Amplified seasonality in western Europe in a warmer world N. de Winter et al. 10.1126/sciadv.adl6717
- Evaluating the large-scale hydrological cycle response within the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) ensemble Z. Han et al. 10.5194/cp-17-2537-2021
- Revisiting the physical processes controlling the tropical atmospheric circulation changes during the Mid-Piacenzian Warm Period K. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.01.001
- Changes in Sahel summer rainfall in a global warming climate: contrasting the mid-Pliocene and future regional hydrological cycles Z. Han et al. 10.1007/s00382-022-06630-5
- The impacts of reduced ice sheets, vegetation, and elevated CO 2 on future Arctic climates K. Power & Q. Zhang 10.1080/15230430.2024.2433860
- The warm winter paradox in the Pliocene northern high latitudes J. Tindall et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1385-2022
- The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2: large-scale climate features and climate sensitivity A. Haywood et al. 10.5194/cp-16-2095-2020
- Modeling the mid-piacenzian warm climate using the water isotope-enabled Community Earth System Model (iCESM1.2-ITPCAS) Y. Sun et al. 10.1007/s00382-024-07304-0
- Unraveling the mechanisms and implications of a stronger mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in PlioMIP2 J. Weiffenbach et al. 10.5194/cp-19-61-2023
- Limited exchange between the deep Pacific and Atlantic oceans during the warm mid-Pliocene and Marine Isotope Stage M2 “glaciation” A. Braaten et al. 10.5194/cp-19-2109-2023
- Uneven future greening across the northern high latitudes: Regional responses to rising CO2 K. Power 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111193
- Using paleoecological data to inform decision making: A deep-time perspective H. Dowsett et al. 10.3389/fevo.2022.972179
- The changes in south Asian summer monsoon circulation during the mid-Piacenzian warm period Z. Han & G. Li 10.1007/s00382-024-07179-1
- Mid-Pliocene West African Monsoon rainfall as simulated in the PlioMIP2 ensemble E. Berntell et al. 10.5194/cp-17-1777-2021
- The Yorktown Formation: Improved Stratigraphy, Chronology, and Paleoclimate Interpretations from the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain H. Dowsett et al. 10.3390/geosciences11120486
- Less Dryland Aridity During Pliocene Warmth R. Zhang et al. 10.1029/2023JD039371
- Asymmetric Pacific variability in the Pliocene: An unchanged PDO relative to a suppressed ENSO K. Canal-Solis et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104932
- Mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation simulated in PlioMIP2 Z. Zhang et al. 10.5194/cp-17-529-2021
- Similar North Pacific variability despite suppressed El Niño variability in the warm mid-Pliocene climate A. Oldeman et al. 10.5194/esd-15-1037-2024
- Simulating the mid-Holocene, last interglacial and mid-Pliocene climate with EC-Earth3-LR Q. Zhang et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-1147-2021
- Arctic Sea Ice in the Light of Current and Past Climate Changes I. Borzenkova et al. 10.1134/S0001433823130042
- An assessment of the Pliocene as an analogue for our warmer future L. Burton et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104860
- Sclerochronological evidence of pronounced seasonality from the late Pliocene of the southern North Sea basin and its implications A. Johnson et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1203-2022
- Emergence of a climate oscillation in the Arctic Ocean due to global warming S. Kim & S. An 10.1038/s41558-024-02171-3
1 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 02 Jul 2025
Short summary
The simulations for the past climate can inform us about the performance of climate models in different climate scenarios. Here, we analyse Arctic warming in an ensemble of 16 simulations of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP), when the CO2 level was comparable to today. The results highlight the importance of slow feedbacks in the model simulations and imply that we must be careful when using simulations of the mPWP as an analogue for future climate change.
The simulations for the past climate can inform us about the performance of climate models in...
