Climate of the Past
Climate of the Past
CP
PlioMIP Phase 2: experimental design, implementation and scientific results
Special issues
Special issues
PlioMIP Phase 2: experimental design, implementation and scientific results
Editor(s): A. M. Haywood, A. Dolan, and W.-L. Chan

The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) Phase 2 is a strategic international climate modelling initiative that compares model predictions and uses climate models and geological proxy data together to better understand climate and environments of the late Pliocene. PlioMIP2 is also exploring the relevance of the Pliocene in the context of future climate change. We welcome submissions from registered participants that document the results of climate model simulations for the Pliocene using the PlioMIP2 protocols. These simulations will facilitate analyses of the dynamics of Pliocene climate and compare climate model results with each other. In addition comparisons of climate model results with proxy data will be presented.

Download citations of all papers

26 Oct 2023
The hydrological cycle and ocean circulation of the Maritime Continent in the Pliocene: results from PlioMIP2
Xin Ren, Daniel J. Lunt, Erica Hendy, Anna von der Heydt, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Charles J. R. Williams, Christian Stepanek, Chuncheng Guo, Deepak Chandan, Gerrit Lohmann, Julia C. Tindall, Linda E. Sohl, Mark A. Chandler, Masa Kageyama, Michiel L. J. Baatsen, Ning Tan, Qiong Zhang, Ran Feng, Stephen Hunter, Wing-Le Chan, W. Richard Peltier, Xiangyu Li, Youichi Kamae, Zhongshi Zhang, and Alan M. Haywood
Clim. Past, 19, 2053–2077, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2053-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2053-2023, 2023
Short summary
09 Jan 2023
Unraveling the mechanisms and implications of a stronger mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in PlioMIP2
Julia E. Weiffenbach, Michiel L. J. Baatsen, Henk A. Dijkstra, Anna S. von der Heydt, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Esther C. Brady, Wing-Le Chan, Deepak Chandan, Mark A. Chandler, Camille Contoux, Ran Feng, Chuncheng Guo, Zixuan Han, Alan M. Haywood, Qiang Li, Xiangyu Li, Gerrit Lohmann, Daniel J. Lunt, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, W. Richard Peltier, Gilles Ramstein, Linda E. Sohl, Christian Stepanek, Ning Tan, Julia C. Tindall, Charles J. R. Williams, Qiong Zhang, and Zhongshi Zhang
Clim. Past, 19, 61–85, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-61-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-61-2023, 2023
Short summary
23 Jun 2022
The warm winter paradox in the Pliocene northern high latitudes
Julia C. Tindall, Alan M. Haywood, Ulrich Salzmann, Aisling M. Dolan, and Tamara Fletcher
Clim. Past, 18, 1385–1405, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1385-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1385-2022, 2022
Short summary
06 Apr 2022
Warm mid-Pliocene conditions without high climate sensitivity: the CCSM4-Utrecht (CESM 1.0.5) contribution to the PlioMIP2
Michiel L. J. Baatsen, Anna S. von der Heydt, Michael A. Kliphuis, Arthur M. Oldeman, and Julia E. Weiffenbach
Clim. Past, 18, 657–679, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-657-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-657-2022, 2022
Short summary
08 Dec 2021
Evaluating the large-scale hydrological cycle response within the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) ensemble
Zixuan Han, Qiong Zhang, Qiang Li, Ran Feng, Alan M. Haywood, Julia C. Tindall, Stephen J. Hunter, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Esther C. Brady, Nan Rosenbloom, Zhongshi Zhang, Xiangyu Li, Chuncheng Guo, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Christian Stepanek, Gerrit Lohmann, Linda E. Sohl, Mark A. Chandler, Ning Tan, Gilles Ramstein, Michiel L. J. Baatsen, Anna S. von der Heydt, Deepak Chandan, W. Richard Peltier, Charles J. R. Williams, Daniel J. Lunt, Jianbo Cheng, Qin Wen, and Natalie J. Burls
Clim. Past, 17, 2537–2558, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2537-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2537-2021, 2021
Short summary
01 Dec 2021
Reduced El Niño variability in the mid-Pliocene according to the PlioMIP2 ensemble
Arthur M. Oldeman, Michiel L. J. Baatsen, Anna S. von der Heydt, Henk A. Dijkstra, Julia C. Tindall, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Alice R. Booth, Esther C. Brady, Wing-Le Chan, Deepak Chandan, Mark A. Chandler, Camille Contoux, Ran Feng, Chuncheng Guo, Alan M. Haywood, Stephen J. Hunter, Youichi Kamae, Qiang Li, Xiangyu Li, Gerrit Lohmann, Daniel J. Lunt, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, W. Richard Peltier, Gabriel M. Pontes, Gilles Ramstein, Linda E. Sohl, Christian Stepanek, Ning Tan, Qiong Zhang, Zhongshi Zhang, Ilana Wainer, and Charles J. R. Williams
Clim. Past, 17, 2427–2450, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2427-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2427-2021, 2021
Short summary
27 Aug 2021
Mid-Pliocene West African Monsoon rainfall as simulated in the PlioMIP2 ensemble
Ellen Berntell, Qiong Zhang, Qiang Li, Alan M. Haywood, Julia C. Tindall, Stephen J. Hunter, Zhongshi Zhang, Xiangyu Li, Chuncheng Guo, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Christian Stepanek, Gerrit Lohmann, Linda E. Sohl, Mark A. Chandler, Ning Tan, Camille Contoux, Gilles Ramstein, Michiel L. J. Baatsen, Anna S. von der Heydt, Deepak Chandan, William Richard Peltier, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Wing-Le Chan, Youichi Kamae, Charles J. R. Williams, Daniel J. Lunt, Ran Feng, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, and Esther C. Brady
Clim. Past, 17, 1777–1794, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1777-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1777-2021, 2021
Short summary
25 Feb 2021
Mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation simulated in PlioMIP2
Zhongshi Zhang, Xiangyu Li, Chuncheng Guo, Odd Helge Otterå, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Ning Tan, Camille Contoux, Gilles Ramstein, Ran Feng, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Esther Brady, Deepak Chandan, W. Richard Peltier, Michiel L. J. Baatsen, Anna S. von der Heydt, Julia E. Weiffenbach, Christian Stepanek, Gerrit Lohmann, Qiong Zhang, Qiang Li, Mark A. Chandler, Linda E. Sohl, Alan M. Haywood, Stephen J. Hunter, Julia C. Tindall, Charles Williams, Daniel J. Lunt, Wing-Le Chan, and Ayako Abe-Ouchi
Clim. Past, 17, 529–543, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-529-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-529-2021, 2021
Short summary
23 Nov 2020
Evaluation of Arctic warming in mid-Pliocene climate simulations
Wesley de Nooijer, Qiong Zhang, Qiang Li, Qiang Zhang, Xiangyu Li, Zhongshi Zhang, Chuncheng Guo, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Alan M. Haywood, Julia C. Tindall, Stephen J. Hunter, Harry J. Dowsett, Christian Stepanek, Gerrit Lohmann, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Ran Feng, Linda E. Sohl, Mark A. Chandler, Ning Tan, Camille Contoux, Gilles Ramstein, Michiel L. J. Baatsen, Anna S. von der Heydt, Deepak Chandan, W. Richard Peltier, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Wing-Le Chan, Youichi Kamae, and Chris M. Brierley
Clim. Past, 16, 2325–2341, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2325-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2325-2020, 2020
Short summary
20 Nov 2020
Contribution of the coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea ice–vegetation model COSMOS to the PlioMIP2
Christian Stepanek, Eric Samakinwa, Gregor Knorr, and Gerrit Lohmann
Clim. Past, 16, 2275–2323, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2275-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2275-2020, 2020
Short summary
04 Nov 2020
The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2: large-scale climate features and climate sensitivity
Alan M. Haywood, Julia C. Tindall, Harry J. Dowsett, Aisling M. Dolan, Kevin M. Foley, Stephen J. Hunter, Daniel J. Hill, Wing-Le Chan, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Christian Stepanek, Gerrit Lohmann, Deepak Chandan, W. Richard Peltier, Ning Tan, Camille Contoux, Gilles Ramstein, Xiangyu Li, Zhongshi Zhang, Chuncheng Guo, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Qiong Zhang, Qiang Li, Youichi Kamae, Mark A. Chandler, Linda E. Sohl, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Ran Feng, Esther C. Brady, Anna S. von der Heydt, Michiel L. J. Baatsen, and Daniel J. Lunt
Clim. Past, 16, 2095–2123, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2095-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2095-2020, 2020
Short summary
27 Aug 2020
Lessons from a high-CO2 world: an ocean view from  ∼ 3 million years ago
Erin L. McClymont, Heather L. Ford, Sze Ling Ho, Julia C. Tindall, Alan M. Haywood, Montserrat Alonso-Garcia, Ian Bailey, Melissa A. Berke, Kate Littler, Molly O. Patterson, Benjamin Petrick, Francien Peterse, A. Christina Ravelo, Bjørg Risebrobakken, Stijn De Schepper, George E. A. Swann, Kaustubh Thirumalai, Jessica E. Tierney, Carolien van der Weijst, Sarah White, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Michiel L. J. Baatsen, Esther C. Brady, Wing-Le Chan, Deepak Chandan, Ran Feng, Chuncheng Guo, Anna S. von der Heydt, Stephen Hunter, Xiangyi Li, Gerrit Lohmann, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, W. Richard Peltier, Christian Stepanek, and Zhongshi Zhang
Clim. Past, 16, 1599–1615, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1599-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1599-2020, 2020
Short summary
27 Aug 2020
Sensitivity of mid-Pliocene climate to changes in orbital forcing and PlioMIP's boundary conditions
Eric Samakinwa, Christian Stepanek, and Gerrit Lohmann
Clim. Past, 16, 1643–1665, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1643-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1643-2020, 2020
Short summary
17 Aug 2020
Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP2) simulations using the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC4m)
Wing-Le Chan and Ayako Abe-Ouchi
Clim. Past, 16, 1523–1545, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1523-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1523-2020, 2020
Short summary
23 Jan 2020
PlioMIP2 simulations with NorESM-L and NorESM1-F
Xiangyu Li, Chuncheng Guo, Zhongshi Zhang, Odd Helge Otterå, and Ran Zhang
Clim. Past, 16, 183–197, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-183-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-183-2020, 2020
Short summary
06 Jan 2020
Modeling a modern-like pCO2 warm period (Marine Isotope Stage KM5c) with two versions of an Institut Pierre Simon Laplace atmosphere–ocean coupled general circulation model
Ning Tan, Camille Contoux, Gilles Ramstein, Yong Sun, Christophe Dumas, Pierre Sepulchre, and Zhengtang Guo
Clim. Past, 16, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1-2020, 2020
Short summary
13 Sep 2019
The HadCM3 contribution to PlioMIP phase 2
Stephen J. Hunter, Alan M. Haywood, Aisling M. Dolan, and Julia C. Tindall
Clim. Past, 15, 1691–1713, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1691-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1691-2019, 2019
Short summary
13 Feb 2019
Contribution of sea ice albedo and insulation effects to Arctic amplification in the EC-Earth Pliocene simulation
Jianqiu Zheng, Qiong Zhang, Qiang Li, Qiang Zhang, and Ming Cai
Clim. Past, 15, 291–305, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-291-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-291-2019, 2019
Short summary
18 Jun 2018
On the mechanisms of warming the mid-Pliocene and the inference of a hierarchy of climate sensitivities with relevance to the understanding of climate futures
Deepak Chandan and W. Richard Peltier
Clim. Past, 14, 825–856, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-825-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-825-2018, 2018
Short summary
19 Jul 2017
Regional and global climate for the mid-Pliocene using the University of Toronto version of CCSM4 and PlioMIP2 boundary conditions
Deepak Chandan and W. Richard Peltier
Clim. Past, 13, 919–942, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-919-2017,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-919-2017, 2017
Short summary
08 Aug 2016
Sensitivity of Pliocene climate simulations in MRI-CGCM2.3 to respective boundary conditions
Youichi Kamae, Kohei Yoshida, and Hiroaki Ueda
Clim. Past, 12, 1619–1634, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1619-2016,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1619-2016, 2016
Short summary
13 Jul 2016
The PRISM4 (mid-Piacenzian) paleoenvironmental reconstruction
Harry Dowsett, Aisling Dolan, David Rowley, Robert Moucha, Alessandro M. Forte, Jerry X. Mitrovica, Matthew Pound, Ulrich Salzmann, Marci Robinson, Mark Chandler, Kevin Foley, and Alan Haywood
Clim. Past, 12, 1519–1538, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1519-2016,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1519-2016, 2016
Short summary
16 Mar 2016
The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) Phase 2: scientific objectives and experimental design
Alan M. Haywood, Harry J. Dowsett, Aisling M. Dolan, David Rowley, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Mark A. Chandler, Stephen J. Hunter, Daniel J. Lunt, Matthew Pound, and Ulrich Salzmann
Clim. Past, 12, 663–675, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-663-2016,https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-663-2016, 2016
Short summary
CC BY 4.0