Articles | Volume 16, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1075-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1075-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 Jun 2020
Research article |
| 22 Jun 2020
| 22 Jun 2020
Reconstruction of Holocene oceanographic conditions in eastern Baffin Bay
Katrine Elnegaard Hansen
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geoscience, Arctic Research Centre and iClimate, Aarhus
University, Aarhus, Denmark
Jacques Giraudeau
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements
Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Bordeaux, France
Lukas Wacker
Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
Christof Pearce
Department of Geoscience, Arctic Research Centre and iClimate, Aarhus
University, Aarhus, Denmark
Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz
Department of Geoscience, Arctic Research Centre and iClimate, Aarhus
University, Aarhus, Denmark
Related authors
No articles found.
Lasse Z. Jensen, Julie K. Simonsen, Ada Pastor, Christof Pearce, Per Nørnberg, Lars Chresten Lund-Hansen, Kai Finster, and Tina Šantl-Temkiv
Aerosol Research Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2024-18, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2024-18, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for AR
Short summary
Short summary
Our study explores particles in Arctic soils and streams that influence ice formation in clouds. By analysing these environments, we identified specific microorganisms producing these particles. This research, which measured these particles in Arctic streams for the first time, provides new insights into their ecological role and transfer from soil to water. Our findings help us understand their production, sources, and potential impact on climate.
Giulia Zazzeri, Lukas Wacker, Negar Haghipour, Philip Gautchi, Thomas Laemmel, Sönke Szidat, and Heather Graven
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-123, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-123, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
Radiocarbon (14C) is an optimal tracer of methane (CH4) emissions, as 14C measurements enable distinguishing fossil from biogenic methane. However, these measurements are particularly challenging, mainly due to technical difficulties in the sampling procedure. With this work we made the sample extraction much simpler and time efficient, providing a new technology that can be used by any research group, with the goal of expanding 14C measurements for an improved understanding of methane sources.
Joanna Davies, Kirsten Fahl, Matthias Moros, Alice Carter-Champion, Henrieka Detlef, Ruediger Stein, Christof Pearce, and Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz
The Cryosphere, 18, 3415–3431, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3415-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3415-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we evaluate the use of biomarkers for reconstructing sea ice between 1880 and 2017 from three sediment cores located in a transect across the Northeast Greenland continental shelf. We find that key changes, specifically the decline in sea-ice cover identified in observational records between 1971 and 1984, align with our biomarker reconstructions. This outcome supports the use of biomarkers for longer reconstructions of sea-ice cover in this region.
Lara F. Pérez, Paul C. Knutz, John R. Hopper, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Matt O'Regan, and Stephen Jones
Sci. Dril., 33, 33–46, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-33-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-33-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Greenland ice sheet is highly sensitive to global warming and a major contributor to sea level rise. In Northeast Greenland, ice–ocean–tectonic interactions are readily observable today, but geological records that illuminate long-term trends are lacking. NorthGreen aims to promote scientific drilling proposals to resolve key scientific questions on past changes in the Northeast Greenland margin that further affected the broader Earth system.
Christof Pearce, Karen Søby Özdemir, Ronja Forchhammer Mathiasen, Henrieka Detlef, and Jesper Olsen
Geochronology, 5, 451–465, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-451-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-451-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Reliable chronologies lie at the base of paleoclimatological reconstructions. When working with marine sediment cores, the most common dating tool for recent sediments is radiocarbon, but this requires calibration to convert it to calendar ages. This calibration requires knowledge of the marine radiocarbon reservoir age, and this is known to vary in space and time. In this study we provide 92 new radiocarbon measurements to improve our knowledge of the reservoir age around Greenland.
Alistair J. Monteath, Matthew S. M. Bolton, Jordan Harvey, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Christof Pearce, and Britta Jensen
Geochronology, 5, 229–240, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-229-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-229-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Accurately dating ocean cores is challenging because the radiocarbon age of water masses varies substantially. We identify ash fragments from eruptions more than 4000 km from their source and use these time markers to develop a new age–depth model for an ocean core in Placentia Bay, North Atlantic. Our results show that the radiocarbon age of waters masses in the bay varied considerably during the last 10 000 years and highlight the potential of using ultra-distal ash deposits in this region.
Mimmi Oksman, Anna Bang Kvorning, Signe Hillerup Larsen, Kristian Kjellerup Kjeldsen, Kenneth David Mankoff, William Colgan, Thorbjørn Joest Andersen, Niels Nørgaard-Pedersen, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Naja Mikkelsen, and Sofia Ribeiro
The Cryosphere, 16, 2471–2491, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2471-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2471-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
One of the questions facing the cryosphere community today is how increasing runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet impacts marine ecosystems. To address this, long-term data are essential. Here, we present multi-site records of fjord productivity for SW Greenland back to the 19th century. We show a link between historical freshwater runoff and productivity, which is strongest in the inner fjord – influenced by marine-terminating glaciers – where productivity has increased since the late 1990s.
Teodora Pados-Dibattista, Christof Pearce, Henrieka Detlef, Jørgen Bendtsen, and Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz
Clim. Past, 18, 103–127, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-103-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-103-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out foraminiferal, stable isotope, and sedimentological analyses of a marine sediment core retrieved from the Northeast Greenland shelf. This region is highly sensitive to climate variability because it is swept by the East Greenland Current, which is the main pathway for sea ice and cold waters that exit the Arctic Ocean. The palaeoceanographic reconstruction reveals significant variations in the water masses and in the strength of the East Greenland Current over the last 9400 years.
Caroline Welte, Jens Fohlmeister, Melina Wertnik, Lukas Wacker, Bodo Hattendorf, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Christoph Spötl
Clim. Past, 17, 2165–2177, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2165-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2165-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Stalagmites are valuable climate archives, but unlike other proxies the use of stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) is still difficult. A stalagmite from the Austrian Alps was analyzed using a new laser ablation method for fast radiocarbon (14C) analysis. This allowed 14C and δ13C to be combined, showing that besides soil and bedrock a third source is contributing during periods of warm, wet climate: old organic matter.
Henrieka Detlef, Brendan Reilly, Anne Jennings, Mads Mørk Jensen, Matt O'Regan, Marianne Glasius, Jesper Olsen, Martin Jakobsson, and Christof Pearce
The Cryosphere, 15, 4357–4380, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4357-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4357-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here we examine the Nares Strait sea ice dynamics over the last 7000 years and their implications for the late Holocene readvance of the floating part of Petermann Glacier. We propose that the historically observed sea ice dynamics are a relatively recent feature, while most of the mid-Holocene was marked by variable sea ice conditions in Nares Strait. Nonetheless, major advances of the Petermann ice tongue were preceded by a shift towards harsher sea ice conditions in Nares Strait.
Matt O'Regan, Thomas M. Cronin, Brendan Reilly, Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup, Laura Gemery, Anna Golub, Larry A. Mayer, Mathieu Morlighem, Matthias Moros, Ole L. Munk, Johan Nilsson, Christof Pearce, Henrieka Detlef, Christian Stranne, Flor Vermassen, Gabriel West, and Martin Jakobsson
The Cryosphere, 15, 4073–4097, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4073-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4073-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ryder Glacier is a marine-terminating glacier in north Greenland discharging ice into the Lincoln Sea. Here we use marine sediment cores to reconstruct its retreat and advance behavior through the Holocene. We show that while Sherard Osborn Fjord has a physiography conducive to glacier and ice tongue stability, Ryder still retreated more than 40 km inland from its current position by the Middle Holocene. This highlights the sensitivity of north Greenland's marine glaciers to climate change.
Franziska Slotta, Lukas Wacker, Frank Riedel, Karl-Uwe Heußner, Kai Hartmann, and Gerhard Helle
Biogeosciences, 18, 3539–3564, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The African baobab is a challenging climate and environmental archive for its semi-arid habitat due to dating uncertainties and parenchyma-rich wood anatomy. Annually resolved F14C data of tree-ring cellulose (1941–2005) from a tree in Oman show the annual character of the baobab’s growth rings but were up to 8.8 % lower than expected for 1964–1967. Subseasonal δ13C and δ18O patterns reveal years with low average monsoon rain as well as heavy rainfall events from pre-monsoonal cyclones.
Ove H. Meisel, Joshua F. Dean, Jorien E. Vonk, Lukas Wacker, Gert-Jan Reichart, and Han Dolman
Biogeosciences, 18, 2241–2258, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2241-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2241-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic permafrost lakes form thaw bulbs of unfrozen soil (taliks) beneath them where carbon degradation and greenhouse gas production are increased. We analyzed the stable carbon isotopes of Alaskan talik sediments and their porewater dissolved organic carbon and found that the top layers of these taliks are likely more actively degraded than the deeper layers. This in turn implies that these top layers are likely also more potent greenhouse gas producers than the underlying deeper layers.
Alix G. Cage, Anna J. Pieńkowski, Anne Jennings, Karen Luise Knudsen, and Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz
J. Micropalaeontol., 40, 37–60, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-37-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-37-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Morphologically similar benthic foraminifera taxa are difficult to separate, resulting in incorrect identifications, complications understanding species-specific ecological preferences, and flawed reconstructions of past environments. Here we provide descriptions and illustrated guidelines on how to separate some key Arctic–North Atlantic species to circumvent taxonomic confusion, improve understanding of ecological affinities, and work towards more accurate palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.
Lisa Claire Orme, Xavier Crosta, Arto Miettinen, Dmitry V. Divine, Katrine Husum, Elisabeth Isaksson, Lukas Wacker, Rahul Mohan, Olivier Ther, and Minoru Ikehara
Clim. Past, 16, 1451–1467, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1451-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1451-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A record of past sea temperature in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, spanning the last 14 200 years, has been developed by analysis of fossil diatoms in marine sediment. During the late deglaciation the reconstructed temperature changes were highly similar to those over Antarctica, most likely due to a reorganisation of global ocean and atmospheric circulation. During the last 11 600 years temperatures gradually cooled and became increasingly variable.
Jan Erik Arndt, Robert D. Larter, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Simon H. Sørli, Matthias Forwick, James A. Smith, and Lukas Wacker
The Cryosphere, 14, 2115–2135, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2115-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2115-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We interpret landforms on the seabed and investigate sediment cores to improve our understanding of the past ice sheet development in this poorly understood part of Antarctica. Recent crack development of the Brunt ice shelf has raised concerns about its stability and the security of the British research station Halley. We describe ramp-shaped bedforms that likely represent ice shelf grounding and stabilization locations of the past that may reflect an analogue to the process going on now.
Flor Vermassen, Nanna Andreasen, David J. Wangner, Nicolas Thibault, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Rebecca Jackson, Sabine Schmidt, Kurt H. Kjær, and Camilla S. Andresen
Clim. Past, 15, 1171–1186, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1171-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1171-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
By studying microfossils from sediments in Upernavik Fjord we investigate the role of ocean warming on the retreat of Upernavik Isstrøm during the past ~90 years. The reconstruction of Atlantic-derived waters shows a pattern similar to that of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, corroborating previous studies. The response of Upernavik Isstrøm to ocean forcing has been variable in the past, but the current retreat may be temporarily tempered by cooling bottom waters in the coming decade.
Eleanor Georgiadis, Jacques Giraudeau, Philippe Martinez, Patrick Lajeunesse, Guillaume St-Onge, Sabine Schmidt, and Guillaume Massé
Clim. Past, 14, 1991–2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1991-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1991-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present our results from a radiocarbon-dated core collected in central Nares Strait, NW Greenland. Sedimentological and geochemical data reveal that marine sedimentation began ca. 9.0 cal ka BP with the complete opening of the strait occurring at 8.3 cal ka BP. The collapse of the glacial buttress in central Nares Strait led to accelerated glacial fluxes of the bordering ice sheets between 8.3 and 7.5 cal ka BP, while the Humboldt Glacier retreated in eastern Kane Basin ca. 8.1 cal ka BP.
Andrea Fischel, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, and Bent Vad Odgaard
J. Micropalaeontol., 37, 499–518, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-499-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-499-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Benthic foraminifera often colonize marine underwater vegetation in tropical regions. We studied these so-called epiphytic foraminifera in a shallow bay in the Bahamas. Here the foraminifera differed between types of vegetation, but sedimentological processes seem to be the main controller of the dead foraminifera in the sediment. This indicates that in carbonate platform regions, epiphytic foraminifera should only be used cautiously as direct indicators of past in situ marine vegetation.
Bryan C. Lougheed, Brett Metcalfe, Ulysses S. Ninnemann, and Lukas Wacker
Clim. Past, 14, 515–526, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-515-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-515-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Palaeoclimate reconstructions from deep-sea sediment archives provide valuable insight into past rapid climate change, but only a small proportion of the ocean is suitable for such reconstructions using the existing state of the art, i.e. the age–depth approach. We use dual radiocarbon (14C) and stable isotope analysis on single foraminifera to bypass the long-standing age–depth approach, thus facilitating past ocean chemistry reconstructions from vast, previously untapped ocean areas.
Ulrich Kotthoff, Jeroen Groeneveld, Jeanine L. Ash, Anne-Sophie Fanget, Nadine Quintana Krupinski, Odile Peyron, Anna Stepanova, Jonathan Warnock, Niels A. G. M. Van Helmond, Benjamin H. Passey, Ole Rønø Clausen, Ole Bennike, Elinor Andrén, Wojciech Granoszewski, Thomas Andrén, Helena L. Filipsson, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Caroline P. Slomp, and Thorsten Bauersachs
Biogeosciences, 14, 5607–5632, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5607-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5607-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present reconstructions of paleotemperature, paleosalinity, and paleoecology from the Little Belt (Site M0059) over the past ~ 8000 years and evaluate the applicability of numerous proxies. Conditions were lacustrine until ~ 7400 cal yr BP. A transition to brackish–marine conditions then occurred within ~ 200 years. Salinity proxies rarely allowed quantitative estimates but revealed congruent results, while quantitative temperature reconstructions differed depending on the proxies used.
Liviu Giosan, Camilo Ponton, Muhammed Usman, Jerzy Blusztajn, Dorian Q. Fuller, Valier Galy, Negar Haghipour, Joel E. Johnson, Cameron McIntyre, Lukas Wacker, and Timothy I. Eglinton
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 781–789, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-781-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-781-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A reconstruction of erosion in the core monsoon zone of India provides unintuitive but fundamental insights: in contrast to semiarid regions that experience enhanced erosion during erratic rain events, the monsoon is annual and acts as a veritable
erosional pumpaccelerating when the land cover is minimal. The existence of such a monsoon erosional pump promises to reconcile conflicting views on the land–sea sediment and carbon transfer as well as the monsoon evolution on longer timescales.
Martin Bartels, Jürgen Titschack, Kirsten Fahl, Rüdiger Stein, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Claude Hillaire-Marcel, and Dierk Hebbeln
Clim. Past, 13, 1717–1749, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1717-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1717-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Multi-proxy analyses (i.a., benthic foraminiferal assemblages and sedimentary properties) of a marine record from Woodfjorden at the northern Svalbard margin (Norwegian Arctic) illustrate a significant contribution of relatively warm Atlantic water to the destabilization of tidewater glaciers, especially during the deglaciation and early Holocene (until ~ 7800 years ago), whereas its influence on glacier activity has been fading during the last 2 millennia, enabling glacier readvances.
Laura Gemery, Thomas M. Cronin, Robert K. Poirier, Christof Pearce, Natalia Barrientos, Matt O'Regan, Carina Johansson, Andrey Koshurnikov, and Martin Jakobsson
Clim. Past, 13, 1473–1489, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1473-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1473-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Continuous, highly abundant and well-preserved fossil ostracodes were studied from radiocarbon-dated sediment cores collected on the Lomonosov Ridge (Arctic Ocean) that indicate varying oceanographic conditions during the last ~50 kyr. Ostracode assemblages from cores taken during the SWERUS-C3 2014 Expedition, Leg 2, reflect paleoenvironmental changes during glacial, deglacial, and interglacial transitions, including changes in sea-ice cover and Atlantic Water inflow into the Eurasian Basin.
Matt O'Regan, Jan Backman, Natalia Barrientos, Thomas M. Cronin, Laura Gemery, Nina Kirchner, Larry A. Mayer, Johan Nilsson, Riko Noormets, Christof Pearce, Igor Semiletov, Christian Stranne, and Martin Jakobsson
Clim. Past, 13, 1269–1284, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1269-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1269-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Past glacial activity on the East Siberian continental margin is poorly known, partly due to the lack of geomorphological evidence. Here we present geophysical mapping and sediment coring data from the East Siberian shelf and slope revealing the presence of a glacially excavated cross-shelf trough reaching to the continental shelf edge north of the De Long Islands. The data provide direct evidence for extensive glacial activity on the Siberian shelf that predates the Last Glacial Maximum.
Kirsi Keskitalo, Tommaso Tesi, Lisa Bröder, August Andersson, Christof Pearce, Martin Sköld, Igor P. Semiletov, Oleg V. Dudarev, and Örjan Gustafsson
Clim. Past, 13, 1213–1226, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1213-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1213-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we investigate land-to-ocean transfer and the fate of permafrost carbon in the East Siberian Sea from the early Holocene until the present day. Our results suggest that there was a high input of terrestrial organic carbon to the East Siberian Sea during the last glacial–interglacial period caused by permafrost destabilisation. This material was mainly characterised as relict Pleistocene permafrost deposited via coastal erosion as a result of the sea level rise.
Tommaso Tesi, Marc C. Geibel, Christof Pearce, Elena Panova, Jorien E. Vonk, Emma Karlsson, Joan A. Salvado, Martin Kruså, Lisa Bröder, Christoph Humborg, Igor Semiletov, and Örjan Gustafsson
Ocean Sci., 13, 735–748, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-735-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-735-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Recent Arctic studies suggest that sea-ice decline and permafrost thawing will affect the phytoplankton in the Arctic Ocean. However, in what way the plankton composition will change as the warming proceeds remains elusive. Here we show that the carbon composition of plankton might change as a function of the enhanced terrestrial organic carbon supply and progressive sea-ice thawing.
Thomas M. Cronin, Matt O'Regan, Christof Pearce, Laura Gemery, Michael Toomey, Igor Semiletov, and Martin Jakobsson
Clim. Past, 13, 1097–1110, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1097-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1097-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Global sea level rise during the last deglacial flooded the Siberian continental shelf in the Arctic Ocean. Sediment cores, radiocarbon dating, and microfossils show that the regional sea level in the Arctic rose rapidly from about 12 500 to 10 700 years ago. Regional sea level history on the Siberian shelf differs from the global deglacial sea level rise perhaps due to regional vertical adjustment resulting from the growth and decay of ice sheets.
Martin Jakobsson, Christof Pearce, Thomas M. Cronin, Jan Backman, Leif G. Anderson, Natalia Barrientos, Göran Björk, Helen Coxall, Agatha de Boer, Larry A. Mayer, Carl-Magnus Mörth, Johan Nilsson, Jayne E. Rattray, Christian Stranne, Igor Semiletov, and Matt O'Regan
Clim. Past, 13, 991–1005, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-991-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-991-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic and Pacific oceans are connected by the presently ~53 m deep Bering Strait. During the last glacial period when the sea level was lower than today, the Bering Strait was exposed. Humans and animals could then migrate between Asia and North America across the formed land bridge. From analyses of sediment cores and geophysical mapping data from Herald Canyon north of the Bering Strait, we show that the land bridge was flooded about 11 000 years ago.
Leif G. Anderson, Göran Björk, Ola Holby, Sara Jutterström, Carl Magnus Mörth, Matt O'Regan, Christof Pearce, Igor Semiletov, Christian Stranne, Tim Stöven, Toste Tanhua, Adam Ulfsbo, and Martin Jakobsson
Ocean Sci., 13, 349–363, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-349-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-349-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We use data collected in 2014 to show that the outflow of nutrient-rich water occurs much further to the west than has been reported in the past. We suggest that this is due to much less summer sea-ice coverage in the northwestern East Siberian Sea than in the past decades. Further, our data support a more complicated flow pattern in the region where the Mendeleev Ridge reaches the shelf compared to the general cyclonic circulation within the individual basins as suggested historically.
Christof Pearce, Aron Varhelyi, Stefan Wastegård, Francesco Muschitiello, Natalia Barrientos, Matt O'Regan, Thomas M. Cronin, Laura Gemery, Igor Semiletov, Jan Backman, and Martin Jakobsson
Clim. Past, 13, 303–316, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-303-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-303-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The eruption of the Alaskan Aniakchak volcano of 3.6 thousand years ago was one of the largest Holocene eruptions worldwide. The resulting ash is found in several Alaskan sites and as far as Newfoundland and Greenland. In this study, we found ash from the Aniakchak eruption in a marine sediment core from the western Chukchi Sea in the Arctic Ocean. Combined with radiocarbon dates on mollusks, the volcanic age marker is used to calculate the marine radiocarbon reservoir age at that time.
Ulrike Dusek, Regina Hitzenberger, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Magdalena Kistler, Harro A. J. Meijer, Sönke Szidat, Lukas Wacker, Rupert Holzinger, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3233–3251, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3233-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3233-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of the radioactive carbon isotope 14C allow to identify the sources of aerosol carbon. We report an extensive 14C source apportionment record in the Netherlands with samples covering a whole year. We discovered that long-range transport has a large influence on aerosol carbon levels. Fossil fuel carbon is least influenced by long-range transport and more regional in origin. Biomass burning seems to be a minor source of aerosol carbon in the Netherlands.
Related subject area
Subject: Ocean Dynamics | Archive: Marine Archives | Timescale: Holocene
Response of biological productivity to North Atlantic marine front migration during the Holocene
Sea surface temperature in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean over the Late Glacial and Holocene
Surface and subsurface Labrador Shelf water mass conditions during the last 6000 years
Multiproxy evidence of the Neoglacial expansion of Atlantic Water to eastern Svalbard
Is there evidence for a 4.2 ka BP event in the northern North Atlantic region?
Holocene hydrography evolution in the Alboran Sea: a multi-record and multi-proxy comparison
Influence of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre circulation on the 4.2 ka BP event
The 4.2 ka event, ENSO, and coral reef development
Indian winter and summer monsoon strength over the 4.2 ka BP event in foraminifer isotope records from the Indus River delta in the Arabian Sea
Neoglacial climate anomalies and the Harappan metamorphosis
Atlantic Water advection vs. glacier dynamics in northern Spitsbergen since early deglaciation
Holocene dynamics in the Bering Strait inflow to the Arctic and the Beaufort Gyre circulation based on sedimentary records from the Chukchi Sea
Post-glacial flooding of the Bering Land Bridge dated to 11 cal ka BP based on new geophysical and sediment records
Southern Hemisphere anticyclonic circulation drives oceanic and climatic conditions in late Holocene southernmost Africa
Holocene evolution of the North Atlantic subsurface transport
Changes in Holocene meridional circulation and poleward Atlantic flow: the Bay of Biscay as a nodal point
Hydrological variations of the intermediate water masses of the western Mediterranean Sea during the past 20 ka inferred from neodymium isotopic composition in foraminifera and cold-water corals
Sea surface temperature variability in the central-western Mediterranean Sea during the last 2700 years: a multi-proxy and multi-record approach
Carbon isotope (δ13C) excursions suggest times of major methane release during the last 14 kyr in Fram Strait, the deep-water gateway to the Arctic
Late Weichselian and Holocene palaeoceanography of Storfjordrenna, southern Svalbard
Implication of methodological uncertainties for mid-Holocene sea surface temperature reconstructions
The role of the northward-directed (sub)surface limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during the 8.2 ka event
Reconstruction of Atlantic water variability during the Holocene in the western Barents Sea
Northward advection of Atlantic water in the eastern Nordic Seas over the last 3000 yr
Controls of Caribbean surface hydrology during the mid- to late Holocene: insights from monthly resolved coral records
Paleohydrology reconstruction and Holocene climate variability in the South Adriatic Sea
David J. Harning, Anne E. Jennings, Denizcan Köseoğlu, Simon T. Belt, Áslaug Geirsdóttir, and Julio Sepúlveda
Clim. Past, 17, 379–396, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-379-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-379-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Today, the waters north of Iceland are characterized by high productivity that supports a diverse food web. However, it is not known how this may change and impact Iceland's economy with future climate change. Therefore, we explored how the local productivity has changed in the past 8000 years through fossil and biogeochemical indicators preserved in Icelandic marine mud. We show that this productivity relies on the mixing of Atlantic and Arctic waters, which migrate north under warming.
Lisa Claire Orme, Xavier Crosta, Arto Miettinen, Dmitry V. Divine, Katrine Husum, Elisabeth Isaksson, Lukas Wacker, Rahul Mohan, Olivier Ther, and Minoru Ikehara
Clim. Past, 16, 1451–1467, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1451-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1451-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A record of past sea temperature in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, spanning the last 14 200 years, has been developed by analysis of fossil diatoms in marine sediment. During the late deglaciation the reconstructed temperature changes were highly similar to those over Antarctica, most likely due to a reorganisation of global ocean and atmospheric circulation. During the last 11 600 years temperatures gradually cooled and became increasingly variable.
Annalena A. Lochte, Ralph Schneider, Markus Kienast, Janne Repschläger, Thomas Blanz, Dieter Garbe-Schönberg, and Nils Andersen
Clim. Past, 16, 1127–1143, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1127-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1127-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Labrador Sea is important for the modern global thermohaline circulation system through the formation of Labrador Sea Water. However, the role of the southward flowing Labrador Current in Labrador Sea convection is still debated. In order to better assess its role in deep-water formation and climate variability, we present high-resolution mid- to late Holocene records of sea surface and bottom water temperatures, freshening, and sea ice cover on the Labrador Shelf during the last 6000 years.
Joanna Pawłowska, Magdalena Łącka, Małgorzata Kucharska, Jan Pawlowski, and Marek Zajączkowski
Clim. Past, 16, 487–501, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-487-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-487-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Paleoceanographic changes in Storfjorden during the Neoglacial (the last
4000 years) were reconstructed based on microfossil and ancient DNA records. Environmental changes were steered mainly by the interaction between the inflow of Atlantic Water (AW) and sea ice cover. Warming periods were associated with AW inflow and sea ice melting, stimulating primary production. The cold phases were characterized by densely packed sea ice, resulting in limited productivity.
Raymond S. Bradley and Jostein Bakke
Clim. Past, 15, 1665–1676, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1665-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1665-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We review paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic records from the northern North Atlantic to assess the nature of climatic conditions at 4.2 ka BP. There was a general decline in temperatures after ~ 5 ka BP, which led to the onset of neoglaciation. Although a few records do show a distinct anomaly around 4.2 ka BP (associated with a glacial advance), this is not widespread and we interpret it as a local manifestation of the overall climatic deterioration that characterized the late Holocene.
Albert Català, Isabel Cacho, Jaime Frigola, Leopoldo D. Pena, and Fabrizio Lirer
Clim. Past, 15, 927–942, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-927-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-927-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction for the Holocene (last 11 700 years) in the westernmost Mediterranean Sea. We identify three sub-periods: the Early Holocene with warmest SST; the Middle Holocene with a cooling trend ending at 4200 years, which is identified as a double peak cooling event that marks the transition between the Middle and Late Holocene; and the Late Holocene with very different behaviour in both long- and short-term SST variability.
Bassem Jalali, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Julien Azuara, Violaine Pellichero, and Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout
Clim. Past, 15, 701–711, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-701-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-701-2019, 2019
Lauren T. Toth and Richard B. Aronson
Clim. Past, 15, 105–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-105-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-105-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the hypothesis that a shift in global climate 4200 years ago (the 4.2 ka event) was related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We summarize records of coral reef development in the tropical eastern Pacific, where intensification of ENSO stalled reef growth for 2500 years starting around 4.2 ka. Because corals are highly sensitive to climatic changes, like ENSO, we suggest that records from coral reefs may provide important clues about the role of ENSO in the 4.2 ka event.
Alena Giesche, Michael Staubwasser, Cameron A. Petrie, and David A. Hodell
Clim. Past, 15, 73–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-73-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-73-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A foraminifer oxygen isotope record from the northeastern Arabian Sea was used to reconstruct winter and summer monsoon strength from 5.4 to 3.0 ka. We found a 200-year period of strengthened winter monsoon (4.5–4.3 ka) that coincides with the earliest phase of the Mature Harappan period of the Indus Civilization, followed by weakened winter and summer monsoons by 4.1 ka. Aridity spanning both rainfall seasons at 4.1 ka may help to explain some of the observed archaeological shifts.
Liviu Giosan, William D. Orsi, Marco Coolen, Cornelia Wuchter, Ann G. Dunlea, Kaustubh Thirumalai, Samuel E. Munoz, Peter D. Clift, Jeffrey P. Donnelly, Valier Galy, and Dorian Q. Fuller
Clim. Past, 14, 1669–1686, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1669-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1669-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Climate reorganization during the early neoglacial anomaly (ENA) may explain the Harappan civilization metamorphosis from an urban, expansive culture to a rural, geographically-confined one. Landcover change is a candidate for causing this climate instability. During ENA agriculture along the flood-deficient floodplains of the Indus became too risky, which pushed people out. In the same time the Himalayan piedmont received augmented winter rain and steady summer precipitation, pulling people in.
Martin Bartels, Jürgen Titschack, Kirsten Fahl, Rüdiger Stein, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Claude Hillaire-Marcel, and Dierk Hebbeln
Clim. Past, 13, 1717–1749, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1717-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1717-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Multi-proxy analyses (i.a., benthic foraminiferal assemblages and sedimentary properties) of a marine record from Woodfjorden at the northern Svalbard margin (Norwegian Arctic) illustrate a significant contribution of relatively warm Atlantic water to the destabilization of tidewater glaciers, especially during the deglaciation and early Holocene (until ~ 7800 years ago), whereas its influence on glacier activity has been fading during the last 2 millennia, enabling glacier readvances.
Masanobu Yamamoto, Seung-Il Nam, Leonid Polyak, Daisuke Kobayashi, Kenta Suzuki, Tomohisa Irino, and Koji Shimada
Clim. Past, 13, 1111–1127, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1111-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1111-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Based on mineral records from the northern Chukchi Sea, we report a long-term decline in the Beaufort Gyre (BG) strength during the Holocene, consistent with a decrease in summer insolation. Multi-centennial variability in BG circulation is consistent with fluctuations in solar irradiance. The Bering Strait inflow shows intensification during the middle Holocene, associated with sea-ice retreat and an increase in marine production in the Chukchi Sea, which is attributed to a weaker Aleutian Low.
Martin Jakobsson, Christof Pearce, Thomas M. Cronin, Jan Backman, Leif G. Anderson, Natalia Barrientos, Göran Björk, Helen Coxall, Agatha de Boer, Larry A. Mayer, Carl-Magnus Mörth, Johan Nilsson, Jayne E. Rattray, Christian Stranne, Igor Semiletov, and Matt O'Regan
Clim. Past, 13, 991–1005, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-991-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-991-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic and Pacific oceans are connected by the presently ~53 m deep Bering Strait. During the last glacial period when the sea level was lower than today, the Bering Strait was exposed. Humans and animals could then migrate between Asia and North America across the formed land bridge. From analyses of sediment cores and geophysical mapping data from Herald Canyon north of the Bering Strait, we show that the land bridge was flooded about 11 000 years ago.
Annette Hahn, Enno Schefuß, Sergio Andò, Hayley C. Cawthra, Peter Frenzel, Martin Kugel, Stephanie Meschner, Gesine Mollenhauer, and Matthias Zabel
Clim. Past, 13, 649–665, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-649-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-649-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Our study demonstrates that a source to sink analysis in the Gouritz catchment can be used to obtain valuable paleoclimatic information form the year-round rainfall zone. In combination with SST reconstructions these data are a valuable contribution to the discussion of Southern Hemisphere palaeoenvironments and climate variability (in particular atmosphere–ocean circulation and hydroclimate change) in the South African Holocene.
Janne Repschläger, Dieter Garbe-Schönberg, Mara Weinelt, and Ralph Schneider
Clim. Past, 13, 333–344, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-333-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-333-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstruct changes in the warm water transport from the subtropical to the subpolar North Atlantic over the last 10 000 years. We use stable isotope and Mg / Ca ratios measured on surface and subsurface dwelling foraminifera. Results indicate an overall stable warm water transport at surface. The northward transport at subsurface evolves stepwise and stabilizes at 7 ka BP on the modern mode. These ocean transport changes seem to be controlled by the meltwater inflow into the North Atlantic.
Yannick Mary, Frédérique Eynaud, Christophe Colin, Linda Rossignol, Sandra Brocheray, Meryem Mojtahid, Jennifer Garcia, Marion Peral, Hélène Howa, Sébastien Zaragosi, and Michel Cremer
Clim. Past, 13, 201–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-201-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-201-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In the boreal Atlantic, the subpolar and subtropical gyres (SPG and STG respectively) are key elements of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) cell and contribute to climate modulations over Europe. Here we document the last 10 kyr evolution of sea-surface temperatures over the North Atlantic with a focus on new data obtained from an exceptional sedimentary archive retrieved the southern Bay of Biscay, enabling the study of Holocene archives at (infra)centennial scales.
Quentin Dubois-Dauphin, Paolo Montagna, Giuseppe Siani, Eric Douville, Claudia Wienberg, Dierk Hebbeln, Zhifei Liu, Nejib Kallel, Arnaud Dapoigny, Marie Revel, Edwige Pons-Branchu, Marco Taviani, and Christophe Colin
Clim. Past, 13, 17–37, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-17-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-17-2017, 2017
Mercè Cisneros, Isabel Cacho, Jaime Frigola, Miquel Canals, Pere Masqué, Belen Martrat, Marta Casado, Joan O. Grimalt, Leopoldo D. Pena, Giulia Margaritelli, and Fabrizio Lirer
Clim. Past, 12, 849–869, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-849-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-849-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a high-resolution multi-proxy study about the evolution of sea surface conditions along the last 2700 yr in the north-western Mediterranean Sea based on five sediment records from two different sites north of Minorca. The novelty of the results and the followed approach, constructing stack records from the studied proxies to preserve the most robust patterns, provides a special value to the study. This complex period appears to have significant regional changes in the climatic signal.
C. Consolaro, T. L. Rasmussen, G. Panieri, J. Mienert, S. Bünz, and K. Sztybor
Clim. Past, 11, 669–685, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-669-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-669-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A sediment core collected from a pockmark field on the Vestnesa Ridge (~80N) in the Fram Strait is presented. Our results show an undisturbed sedimentary record for the last 14 ka BP and negative carbon isotope excursions (CIEs) during the Bølling-Allerød interstadials and during the early Holocene. Both CIEs relate to periods of ocean warming, sea-level rise and increased concentrations of methane (CH4) in the atmosphere, suggesting an apparent correlation with warm climatic events.
M. Łącka, M. Zajączkowski, M. Forwick, and W. Szczuciński
Clim. Past, 11, 587–603, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-587-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-587-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Storfjordrenna was deglaciated about 13,950 cal yr BP. During the transition from the sub-glacial to glaciomarine setting, Arctic Waters dominated its hydrography. However, the waters were not uniformly cold and experienced several warmer spells. Atlantic Water began to flow onto the shelves off Svalbard and into Storfjorden during the early Holocene, leading to progressive warming and significant glacial melting. A surface-water cooling and freshening occurred in late Holocene.
I. Hessler, S. P. Harrison, M. Kucera, C. Waelbroeck, M.-T. Chen, C. Anderson, A. de Vernal, B. Fréchette, A. Cloke-Hayes, G. Leduc, and L. Londeix
Clim. Past, 10, 2237–2252, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2237-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2237-2014, 2014
A. D. Tegzes, E. Jansen, and R. J. Telford
Clim. Past, 10, 1887–1904, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1887-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1887-2014, 2014
D. E. Groot, S. Aagaard-Sørensen, and K. Husum
Clim. Past, 10, 51–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-51-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-51-2014, 2014
C. V. Dylmer, J. Giraudeau, F. Eynaud, K. Husum, and A. De Vernal
Clim. Past, 9, 1505–1518, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1505-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1505-2013, 2013
C. Giry, T. Felis, M. Kölling, W. Wei, G. Lohmann, and S. Scheffers
Clim. Past, 9, 841–858, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-841-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-841-2013, 2013
G. Siani, M. Magny, M. Paterne, M. Debret, and M. Fontugne
Clim. Past, 9, 499–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-499-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-499-2013, 2013
Cited articles
Aksenov, Y., Bacon, S., Coward, A. C., and Holliday, N. P.: Polar outflow
from the Arctic Ocean: A high resolution model study, J. Mar. Syst.,
83, 14–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.06.007, 2010.
Aksu, A.: Late Quaternary Stratigraphy, Palaeoenvironmentology and
Sedimentation History of Baffin Bay and Davis Strait, Dallhouse University, Halifax, Nova Scotia,
1981.
Aksu, A.: Holocene and Pleistocene dissolution cycles in deapsea cores of
Baffin Island and Davies Strait: Paleoceanographic implications, Mar. Geol.,
53, 331–348, 1983.
Andersen, O. G. N.: The annual cycle of temperature, salinity, currents and
water masses in Disko Bugt and adjacent waters, West Greenland, Meddelelser
om Grønland, Bioscience, 5, 1–36, 1981.
Andresen, C. S., McCarthy, D. J., Dylmer, C. V., Seidenkrantz, M. S.,
Kuijpers, A., and Lloyd, J. M.: Interaction between subsurface ocean waters
and calving of the Jakobshavn Isbræ during the late Holocene, Holocene,
21, 211–224, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683610378877, 2011.
Andresen, C. S., Kjeldsen, K. K., Harden, B., Nørgaard-Pedersen, N., and
Kjær, K. H.: Outlet glacier dynamics and bathymetry at Upernavik, GEUS
Bullitin, 31, 81–84, 2014.
Andrews, J. T., Eberl, D. D., and Scott, D.: Surface (sea floor) and
near-surface (box cores) sediment mineralogy in Baffin Bay as a key to
sediment provenance and ice sheet variations, Can. J. Earth Sci., 48,
1307–1328, https://doi.org/10.1139/e11-021, 2011.
Bahr, A., Lamy, F., Arz, H., Kuhlmann, H., and Wefer, G.: Late glacial to
Holocene climate and sedimentation history in the NW Black Sea, Mar. Geol.,
214, 309–322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.11.013, 2005.
Barber, D. C., Dyke, A., Hillaire-Marcel, C., Jennings, A. E., Andrews, J.
T., Kerwin, M. W., Bilodeau, G., McNeely, R., Southon, J., Morehead, M. D.,
and Gagnon, J. M.: Forcing of the cold event of 8,200 years ago by
catastrophic drainage of Laurentide lakes, Nature, 400, 344–348,
https://doi.org/10.1038/22504, 1999.
Berge, J., Johnsen, G., Nilsen, F., Gulliksen, B., and Slagstad, D.: Ocean
temperature oscillations enable reappearance of blue mussels Mytilus edulis
in Svalbard after a 1000 year absence, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 303, 167–175,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps303167, 2005.
Bi, H., Zhang, Z., Wang, Y., Xu, X., Liang, Y., Huang, J., Liu, Y., and Fu, M.: Baffin Bay sea ice inflow and outflow: 1978–1979 to 2016–2017, The Cryosphere, 13, 1025–1042, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1025-2019, 2019.
Bourke, R. H. and Paquette, R. G.: Formation of Baffin Bay bottom and deep
waters, in: Deep convection and deep water formation in the oceans, edited by: Chu,
J. C. and Gascard, P. C., pp. 135–155, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1991.
Briner, J. P., Håkansson, L., and Bennike, O.: The deglaciation and
neoglaciation of upernavik isstrøm, greenland, Quaternary Res., 80, 459–467, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.09.008, 2013.
Buch, E.: A monograph on the physical oceanography of the Greenland waters,
Royal Danish Administration of Navigation and Hydrography, Copenhagen,
1994.
Bunker, A. F.: Computations of Surface Energy Flux and Annual Air–Sea
Interaction Cycles of the North Atlantic Ocean, Mon. Weather Rev., 104,
1122–1140, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1976)104<1122:cosefa>2.0.co;2, 1976.
CAFF: Arctic Biodiversity Assessment: Status and trends in Arctic biodiversity, edited by: Meltofte, H., CAFF International Secretariat, Akureyri, ISBN 978-9935-431-22-6, 2013.
Calvert, S. E. and Pedersen, T. F.: Geochemistry of Recent oxic and anoxic
marine sediments: Implications for the geological record, Mar. Geol.,
113, 67–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(93)90150-T, 1993.
Canadian Coast Guard: Chapter 3 Ice Climatology and Environmental Conditions, in Ice Navigation in Canadian Waters, Canadian Coast Guard, p. 69, Icebreaking Program, Maritime Services, Canadian Coast Guard Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, available at: https://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/publications/icebreaking-deglacage/ice-navigation-glaces/docs/ice-navigation-dans-les-galces-eng.pdf (last access: 15 July 2019), 2012.
Caron, M., St-Onge, G., Montero-Serrano, J. C., Rochon, A., Georgiadis, E.,
Giraudeau, J., and Massé, G.: Holocene chronostratigraphy of northeastern
Baffin Bay based on radiocarbon and palaeomagnetic data, Boreas, 48,
147–165, https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12346, 2018.
Caron, M., Rochon, A., Carlos, J., Serrano, M., and Onge, G. S. T.: Evolution
of sea-surface conditions on the northwestern Greenland margin during the
Holocene, J. Quaternar Sci., 34, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3146, 2019.
Castro de la Guardia, L., Hu, X., and Myers,
P. G.: Potential positive
feedback between Greenland
Ice Sheet melt and Baffin Bay heat
content on the west Greenland shelf,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 4922–4930,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064626, 2015.
Collin, A. E.: Oceanographic observations in Nares Strait, Northern Baffin Bay, 1963, 1964, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Report B.I.O. 65-5, 9 pp., 1965.
Cuny, J., Rhines, P. B., Niiler, P. P., and Bacon, S.: Labrador Sea Boundary
Currents and the Fate of the Irminger Sea Water, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32,
627–647, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<0627:LSBCAT>2.0.CO;2, 2002.
Dahl-Jensen, D., Mosegaard, K., Gundestrup, N., Clow, G. D., Johnsen, S. J.,
Hansen, A. W., and Balling, N.: Past temperatures directly from the Greenland
Ice Sheet, Science, 282, 268–271,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.282.5387.268, 1998.
Drinkwater, K. F.: Atmospheric and oceanic variability in the northwest
Atlantic during the 1980s and early 1990s, J. Northwest Atl. Fish. Sci., 18,
77–97, https://doi.org/10.2960/J.v18.a6, 1996.
Dunbar, M. and Dunbar, M. J.: The history of the North Water, Proc. R. Soc.
Edinburgh, Sect. B Biol. Sci., 72, 231–241, 1972.
Dyke, A. S.: An outline of North American deglaciation with emphasis on central and northern Canada, in: Quaternary Glaciations – Extent and Chronology. 2, edited by: Ehlers, J. and Gibbard, P. L., Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 371–406, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0866(04)80209-4, 2004.
Dyke, A. S., Dale, J. E., and McNeely, R. N.: Marine Molluscs as Indicators
of Environmental Change in Glaciated North America and Greenland During the
Last 18 000 YearsLes mollusques marins et les changements du milieu dans la
partie englacée de l'Amérique du Nord et du Groenland depuis 18 000
ans Me, Géographie Phys. Quat., 50, 125–184, https://doi.org/10.7202/033087ar,
1996.
Dyke, A. S., England, J., Reimnitz, E. R. K., and Jette, H.: Changes in
Driftwood Delivery to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago?: The Hypothesis of
Postglacial Oscillations of the Transpolar Drift, Arctic, 50, 1–16, 1997.
Eirksson, J., Knudsen, K. L., Haflidason, H., and Heinemeier, J.: Chronology
of late Holocene climatic events in the northern North Atlantic based on AMS
14C dates and tephra markers from the volcano Hekla, Iceland, J. Quaternary Sci.,
15, 573–580, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1417(200009)15:6<573::AID-JQS554>3.0.CO;2-A, 2000.
England, J., Atkinson, N., Bednarski, J., Dyke, A. S., Hodgson, D. A., and
Ó Cofaigh, C.: The Innuitian Ice Sheet: configuration, dynamics and
chronology, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 25, 689–703,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.08.007, 2006.
Erbs-Hansen, D., Reng Knudsen, K. L., Olsen, J., Lykke-Andersen, H.,
Underbjerg, J. A., and Sha, L.: Paleoceanographical development off Sisimiut,
West Greenland, during the mid- and late Holocene: A multiproxy study, Mar.
Micropaleontol., 102, 79–97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2013.06.003, 2013.
Funder, S. (Ed.): Late Quaternary stratigraphy and glaciology in the Thule
area, Northwest Greenland, Meddelelser om Grønland, Geosci., 22, 1–63,
1990.
Gajewski, K.: Quantitative reconstruction of Holocene temperatures across
the Canadian Arctic and Greenland, Glob. Planet. Change, 128, 14–23,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.02.003, 2015.
Garde, A. A.: Strontium geochemistry and carbon and oxygen isotopic
compositions of lower proterozoic dolomite and calcite marbles from the
Marmorilik Formation, West Greenland, Precambrian Res., 8, 183–199,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(79)90028-7, 1979.
Georgiadis, E., Giraudeau, J., Martinez, P., Lajeunesse, P., St-Onge, G., Schmidt, S., and Massé, G.: Deglacial to postglacial history of Nares Strait, Northwest Greenland: a marine perspective from Kane Basin, Clim. Past, 14, 1991–2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1991-2018, 2018.
Georgiadis, E., Giraudeau, J., Jennings, A., Limoges, A., Jackson, R.,
Ribeiro, S., and Massé, G.: Local and regional controls on Holocene sea
ice dynamics and oceanography in Nares Strait, Northwest Greenland, Mar.
Geol., 422, 106115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106115, 2020.
Gibb, O. T., Steinhauer, S., Fréchette, B., de Vernal, A., and
Hillaire-Marcel, C.: Diachronous evolution of sea surface conditions in the
labrador sea and baffin bay since the last deglaciation, Holocene, 25,
1882–1897, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683615591352, 2015.
Giraudeau, J., Georgiadis, E., Caron, M., Martinez, P., Saint-Onge, G.,
Billy, I., Lebleu, P., Ther, O., and Massé, G.: A high-resolution
elemental record of post-glacial lithic sedimentation in Upernavik Trough,
western Greenland: history of ice-sheet dynamics and ocean circulation
changes over the last 9100 years, Glob. Planet. Change, 191, 1–14, 2020.
Gustafsson, M. and Nordberg, K.: Living (stained) benthic foraminiferal
response to primary production and hydrography in the deepest part of the
Gullmar Fjord, Swedish West Coast, with comparisons to Hoglund's 1927
material, J. Foramin. Res., 31, 2–11, https://doi.org/10.2113/0310002, 2001.
Henriksen, N.: Geological History of Greenland – Four billion years of Earth
evolution, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen,
2005.
Hillaire-Marcel, C., DeVernal, A., Bilodeau, G., and Weaver, A. J.: Absence
of deep-water formation in the Labrador Sea during the last interglacial
period, Nature, 410, 1073–1077, 2001.
Hiscott, R. N., Aksu, A. E., and Nielsen, O. B.: Provenance and dispersal patterns, Pliocene–Pleistocene section at Site 645, Baffin Bay, in: Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, edited by: Littleton, R. M., College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 105, 31–52, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.105.117.1989, 1989.
Holland, D. M., Thomas, R. H., De Young, B., Ribergaard, M. H., and Lyberth,
B.: Acceleration of Jakobshavn Isbr triggered by warm subsurface ocean
waters, Nat. Geosci., 1, 659–664, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo316, 2008.
Jackson, R., Carlson, A. E., Hillaire-Marcel, C., Wacker, L., Vogt, C., and
Kucera, M.: Asynchronous instability of the North American-Arctic and
Greenland ice sheets during the last deglaciation, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 164,
140–153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.03.020, 2017.
Jennings, A., Andrews, J., Pearce, C., Wilson, L., and Ólfasdótttir,
S.: Detrital carbonate peaks on the Labrador shelf, a 13–7 ka template for
freshwater forcing from the Hudson Strait outlet of the Laurentide Ice Sheet
into the subpolar gyre, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 107, 62–80,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.022, 2015.
Jennings, A. E.: The Quaternary History of Cumberland Sound, Southeastern
Baffin-Island – the Marine Evidence, Geogr. Phys. Quat., 47, 21–42,
1993.
Jennings, A. E. and Helgadottir, G.: Foraminiferal assemblages from the
fjords and shelf of eastern Greenland, J. Foramin. Res., 24, 123–144,
1994.
Jennings, A. E., Andrews, J. T., Knudsen, K. L., Hansen, C. V., and Hald, M.:
A mid-Holocene shift in Arctic sea-ice variability on the East Greenland
Shelf, Holocene, 12, 49–58, https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683602hl519rp, 2002.
Jennings, A. E., Weiner, N. J., and Helgadottir, G.: Modern foraminiferal
faunas of the southwestern to northern Iceland shelf: Oceanographic and
environmental controls, J. Foramin. Res., 34, 180–207,
https://doi.org/10.2113/34.3.180, 2004.
Jennings, A. E., Sheldon, C., Cronin, T., Francus, P., Stoner, J. S., and
Andrews, J.: The Holocene History of Nares Strait, Oceanography, 24,
26–41, 2011.
Jennings, A. E., Ó Cofaigh, C., Ortiz, J. D., De Vernal, A., Dowdeswell,
J. A., Kilfeather, A., Walton, M. E., and Andrews, J.: Paleoenvironments
during Younger Dryas-Early Holocene retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet from
outer Disko Trough, central west Greenland, J. Quaternary Sci., 29, 27–40,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2652, 2014.
Jennings, A. E., Andrews, J. T., Ó Cofaigh, C., Onge, G. S., Sheldon,
C., Belt, S. T., Cabedo-Sanz, P., and Hillaire-Marcel, C.: Ocean forcing of
Ice Sheet retreat in central west Greenland from LGM to the early Holocene,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 472, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.05.007, 2017.
Jennings, A. E., Andrews, J. T., Ó Cofaigh, C., St-Onge, G., Belt, S.,
Cabedo-Sanz, P., Pearce, C., Hillaire-Marcel, C., and Calvin Campbell, D.:
Baffin Bay paleoenvironments in the LGM and HS1: Resolving the ice-shelf
question, Mar. Geol., 402, 5–16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.09.002, 2018.
Jennings, A. E., Andrews, J. T., Oliver, B., Walczak, M., and Mix, A.:
Retreat of the Smith Sound Ice Stream in the Early Holocene, Boreas, 1–16,
https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12391, 2019.
Johnsen, S. J., Dahl-Jensen, D., Gundestrup, N., Steffensen, J. P., Clausen,
H. B., Miller, H., Masson-Delmotte, V., Sveinbjörnsdottir, A. E., and
White, J.: Oxygen isotope and palaeotemperature records from six Greenland
ice-core stations: Camp Century, Dye-3, GRIP, GISP2, Renland and NorthGRIP,
J. Quaternary Sci., 16, 299–307, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.622, 2001.
Jones, E. P. and Anderson, L. G.: Is the global conveyor belt threatened by
arctic ocean fresh water outflow?, in: Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes:
Defining the Role of the Northern Seas in Climate, edited by: Dickson, R. R. Meincke,,
J., and Rhines, P., pp. 385–404, Springer, Dordrecht (the Netherlands), 2008.
Kaufman, D. S., Ager, T. A., Anderson, N. J., Anderson, P. M., Andrews, J.
T., Bartlein, P. J., Brubaker, L. B., Coats, L. L., Cwynar, L. C., Duvall,
M. L., Dyke, A. S., Edwards, M. E., Eisner, W. R., Gajewski, K.,
Geirsdóttir, A., Hu, F. S., Jennings, A. E., Kaplan, M. R., Kerwin, M.
W., Lozhkin, A. V., MacDonald, G. M., Miller, G. H., Mock, C. J., Oswald, W.
W., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Porinchu, D. F., Rühland, K., Smol, J. P.,
Steig, E. J., and Wolfe, B. B.: Holocene thermal maximum in the western
Arctic (0–180∘ W), Quaternay Sci. Rev., 23, 529–560,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.09.007, 2004.
Knudsen, K. L. and Seidenkrantz, M.-S.: Stainforthia feylingi new species
from arctic to subarctic environments, previously recorded as Stainforthia
schreibersiana, Cushman Found. Foraminifer. Res. Spec. Publ., 32, 5–13,
1994.
Knudsen, K. L., Conradsen, K., Heier-Nielsen, S., and Seidenkrantz, M. S.:
Palaeoenvironments in the Skagerrak-Kattegat basin in the eastern North Sea
during the last deglaciation, Boreas, 25, 65–78,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1996.tb00836.x, 1996.
Knudsen, K. L., Stabell, B., Seidenkrantz, M. S., Eiríksson, J., and
Blake, W.: Deglacial and Holocene conditions in northernmost Baffin Bay:
Sediments, foraminifera, diatoms and stable isotopes, Boreas, 37-,
346–376, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2008.00035.x, 2008.
Korsun, S. and Hald, M.: Modern Benthic Foraminifera off Novaya Zemlya
Tidewater Glaciers, Russian Arctic, Arct. Alp. Res., 30, 61–77,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1551746, 1998.
Korsun, S. and Hald, M.: Seasonal dynamics of benthic foraminifera in a
glacially fed fjord of Svalbard, European Arctic, J. Foramin. Res.,
30, 251–271, https://doi.org/10.2113/0300251, 2000.
Levac, E., De Vernal, A., and Blake, W.: Sea-surface conditions in
northernmost Baffin Bay during the Holocene: Palynological evidence, J.
Quaternary Sci., 16, 353–363, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.614, 2001.
Lloyd, J., Moros, M., Perner, K., Telford, R. J., Kuijpers, A., Jansen, E.,
and McCarthy, D.: A 100 yr record of ocean temperature control on the
stability of Jakobshavn Isbrae, West Greenland, Geology, 39, 867–870,
https://doi.org/10.1130/G32076.1, 2011.
Lloyd, J. M.: Late Holocene environmental change in Disko Bugt, west
Greenland: Interaction between climate, ocean circulation and Jakobshavn
Isbrae, Boreas, 35, 35–49, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2006.tb01111.x, 2006.
Lloyd, J. M., Park, L. A., Kuijpers, A., and Moros, M.: Early Holocene
palaeoceanography and deglacial chronology of Disko Bugt, West Greenland,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 1741–1755,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.07.024, 2005.
Lloyd, J. M., Kuijpers, A., Long, A., Moros, M., and Park, L. A.:
Foraminiferal reconstruction of mid- to late-Holocene ocean circulation and
climate variability in Disko Bugt, West Greenland, Holocene, 17,
1079–1091, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683607082548, 2007.
Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V, Antonov, J. I., Boyer, T. P., Garcia, H.
E., Baranova, O. K., Zweng, M. M., Paver, C. R., Reagan, J. R., Johnson, D.
R., Hamilton, M., and Seidov, D.: WORLD OCEAN ATLAS 2013: Temperature Volume
1, edited by: Mishonov, A., Technical Ed., NOAA Atlas NESDIS 73, 2013.
Lochte, A. A., Repschläger, J., Seidenkrantz, M.-S., Kienast, M., Blanz,
T., and Schneider, R. R.: Holocene water mass changes in the Labrador
Current, Holocene, 29, 676–690, 2019.
Melling, H., Gratton, Y., Ingram, G., Melling, H., Gratton, Y., and Ingram,
G.: Ocean circulation within the North Water polynya of Baffin Bay Ocean
Circulation within the North Water Polynya of Baffin Bay, Atmosphere-Ocean, 39, 301–325,
https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2001.9649683, 2010.
Mertz, G., Narayanan, S., and Helbig, J.: The freshwater transport of the
labrador current, Atmos.-Ocean, 31, 281–295,
https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.1993.9649472, 1993.
Møller, H. S., Jensen, K. G., Kuijpers, A., Aagaard-Sørensen, S.,
Seidenkrantz, M. S., Prins, M., Endler, R., and Mikkelsen, N.: Late-Holocene
environment and climatic changes in Ameralik Fjord, southwest Greenland:
Evidence from the sedimentary record, Holocene, 16, 685–695,
https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683606hl963rp, 2006.
Morlighem, M., Williams, C. N., Rignot, E., An, L., Arndt, J. E., Bamber, J.
L., Catania, G., Chauché, N., Dowdeswell, J. A., Dorschel, B., Fenty,
I., Hogan, K., Howat, I., Hubbard, A., Jakobsson, M., Jordan, T. M.,
Kjeldsen, K. K., Millan, R., Mayer, L., Mouginot, J., Noël, B. P. Y.,
O'Cofaigh, C., Palmer, S., Rysgaard, S., Seroussi, H., Siegert, M. J.,
Slabon, P., Straneo, F., van den Broeke, M. R., Weinrebe, W., Wood, M., and
Zinglersen, K. B.: BedMachine v3: Complete Bed Topography and Ocean
Bathymetry Mapping of Greenland From Multibeam Echo Sounding Combined With
Mass Conservation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 11051–11061, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074954, 2017.
Moros, M., Jensen, K. G., and Kuijpers, A.: Mid- to late-Holocene
hydrological and climatic variability in Disko Bugt, central West Greenland,
Holocene, 16, 357–367, https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683606hl933rp, 2006.
Moros, M., Lloyd, J. M., Jennings, A. E., Krawczyk, D., Witkowski, A.,
Blanz, T., Kuijpers, A., Ouellet-Bernier, M.-M., de Vernal, A., Schneider,
R., Perner, K., and Jansen, E.: Surface and sub-surface multi-proxy
reconstruction of middle to late Holocene palaeoceanographic changes in
Disko Bugt, West Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 132, 146–160,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.11.017, 2016.
Münchow, A., Falkner, K. K., and Melling, H.: Baffin Island and West
Greenland Current Systems in northern Baffin Bay, Prog. Oceanogr., 132,
305–317, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2014.04.001, 2015.
Nagler, T., Rott, H., Hetzenecker, M., Wuite, J., and Potin, P.: The
Sentinel-1 mission: New opportunities for ice sheet observations, Remote
Sens., 7, 9371–9389, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70709371, 2015.
NSIDC (National Snow and Ice Data Centre): Atlas Cryosph, available at:
ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02135/north/monthly/shapefiles/shp_median/, last access: 30 October 2019.
Osterman, L. E. and Nelson, A. R.: Latest Quaternary and Holocene
paleoceanography of the eastern Baffin Island continental shelf, Canada:
benthic foraminiferal evidence, Can. J. Earth Sci., 26, 2236–2248,
https://doi.org/10.1139/e89-190, 1989.
Osterman, L. E., Miller, G. H., and Stravers, J. A.: Late and mid- Foxe
glaciation of southern Baffin Island, in: Quaternary Environments, Eastern
Canadian Arctic, Baffin Bay and Western Greenland, edited by: Andrews, J. T.,
pp. 520–545, Allen & Unwin, Londond., 1985.
Patterson, R. T., Guilbault, J. P., and Thomson, R. E.: Oxygen level control
on foraminiferal distribution in Effingham Inlet, Vancouver Island, British
Columbia, Canada, J. Foramin. Res., 30, 321–335, https://doi.org/10.2113/0300321,
2000.
Perner, K., Moros, M., Lloyd, J. M., Kuijpers, A., Telford, R. J., and Harff,
J.: Centennial scale benthic foraminiferal record of late Holocene
oceanographic variability in Disko Bugt, West Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
30, 2815–2826, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.06.018, 2011.
Perner, K., Moros, M., Jennings, A., Lloyd, J. M., and Knudsen, K. L.:
Holocene palaeoceanographic evolution off West Greenland, Holocene, 23,
374–387, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683612460785, 2012.
Pieñkowski, A. J., England, J. H., Furze, M. F. A., MacLean, B., and
Blasco, S.: The late Quaternary environmental evolution of marine Arctic
Canada: Barrow Strait to Lancaster Sound, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 91, 184–203,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.09.025, 2014.
Polyak, L., Korsun, S., Febo, L. A., and Al, E.: Benthic foraminiferal
assemblages from the southern Kara Sea, a river-influenced Arctic marine
environment, J. Foramin. Res., 32, 252–273, https://doi.org/10.2113/32.3.252,
2002.
Pruysers, P. A., de Lange, G. J., and Middelburg, J. J.: Geochemistry of
eastern Mediterranean sediments: Primary sediment composition and diagenetic
alterations, Mar. Geol., 100, 137–154,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(91)90230-2, 1991.
Ramsey, C. B.: Deposition models for chronological records, Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
27, 42–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.01.019, 2008.
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey,
C. B., Buck, C. E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P.
M., Guilderson, T. P., Haflidason, H., Hajdas, I., Hatté, C., Heaton, T.
J., Hoffmann, D. L., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kaiser, K. F., Kromer, B.,
Manning, S. W., Niu, M., Reimer, R. W., Richards, D. A., Scott, E. M.,
Southon, J. R., Staff, R. A., Turney, C. S. M., and van der Plicht, J.:
IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal
BP, Radiocarbon, 55, 1869–1887, https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16947, 2013.
Renssen, H., Goosse, H., and Fichefet, T.: Contrasting trends in North
Atlantic deep-water formation in the Labrador Sea and Nordic Seas during the
Holocene, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L08711, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022462, 2005.
Renssen, H., Seppä, H., Heiri, O., Roche, D. M., Goosse, H., and
Fichefet, T.: The spatial and temporal complexity of the holocene thermal
maximum, Nat. Geosci., 2, 411–414, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo513, 2009.
Richter, T. O., Gaast, S. van der, Koster, B., Vaars, A., Gieles, R., de
Stigter, H. C., De Haas, H., and van Weering, T. C. E.: The Avaatech XRF
Core Scanner: technical description and applications to NE Atlantic
sediments, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ., 267, 39–50,
https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.267.01.03, 2005.
Rignot, E., Koppes, M., and Velicogna, I.: Rapid submarine melting of the
calving faces of West Greenland glaciers, Nat. Geosci., 3, 187–191,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo765, 2010.
Rothwell, R. G. and Croudace, I. W.: Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores: A
Perspective on Capability and Application in the Environmental Sciences,
Springer, Dordrecht, 2015.
Rykova, T., Straneo, F., and Bower, A. S.: Seasonal and interannual
variability of the West Greenland Current System in the Labrador Sea in
1993–2008, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 120, 1318–1332,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010386, 2015.
Rytter, F., Knudsen, K. L., Seidenkrantz, M.-S., and Eiríksson, J.:
Modern distribution of benthic foraminifera on the north Icelandic shelf and
slope, J. Foramin. Res., 32, 217–244, https://doi.org/10.2113/32.3.217, 2002.
Saini, J., Stein, R., Fahl, K., Weiser, J., Hebbeln, D., Hillaire-Marcel, C.,
and de Vernal, A.: Holocene variability in sea ice and primary productivity
in the northeastern Baffin Bay, Arktos, 1–19,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41063-020-00075-y, 2020.
Saito, S.: Major and trace element geochemistry of sediments from East Greenland Continental Rise: an implication for sediment provenance and source area weathering, in: Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, edited by: Saunders, A. D., Larsen, H. C., and Wise Jr., S. W., 152: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 19–28, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.152.207.1998, 1998.
Schröder-Adams, C. J. and Van Rooyen, D.: Response of Recent Benthic
Foraminiferal Assemblages to Contrasting Environments in Baffin Bay and the
Northern Labrador Sea, Northwest Atlantic, Arctic, 64, 317–341, 2011.
Scott, D. B., Schell, T., Rochon, A., and Blasco, S.: Benthic foraminifera in
the surface sediments of the Beaufort Shelf and slope, Beaufort Sea, Canada:
Applications and implications for past sea-ice conditions, J. Mar. Syst.,
74, 840–863, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.01.008, 2008.
Seidenkrantz, M.-S.: Cassidulina teretis Tappan and Cassidulina neoteretis new species (Foraminifera): stratigraphic markers for deep sea and outer shelf areas, J. Micropalaeontol., 14, 145–157, https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.14.2.145, 1995.
Seidenkrantz, M. S.: Benthic foraminifera as palaeo sea-ice indicators in
the subarctic realm – examples from the Labrador Sea-Baffin Bay region,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 79, 135–144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.03.014, 2013.
Seidenkrantz, M. S., Aagaard-Sørensen, S., Sulsbrück, H., Kuijpers,
A., Jensen, K. G., and Kunzendorf, H.: Hydrography and climate of the last
4400 years in a SW Greenland fjord: Implications for Labrador Sea
palaeoceanography, Holocene, 17, 387–401, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683607075840,
2007.
Seidenkrantz, M. S., Roncaglia, L., Fischel, A., Heilmann-Clausen, C.,
Kuijpers, A., and Moros, M.: Variable North Atlantic climate seesaw patterns
documented by a late Holocene marine record from Disko Bugt, West Greenland,
Mar. Micropaleontol., 68, 66–83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2008.01.006, 2008.
Seidenkrantz, M.-S., Ebbesen, H., Aagaard-Sørensen, S., Moros, M., Lloyd,
J. M., Olsen, J., Faurschou Knudsen, M., and Kuijpers, A.: Early Holocene
large-scale meltwater discharge from Greenland documented by foraminifera
and sediment parameters, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 391,
71–81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.04.006, 2013.
Sheldon, C. M., Seidenkrantz, M. S., Pearce, C., Kuijpers, A., Hansen, M. J.,
and Christensen, E. Z.: Holocene oceanographic changes in SW Labrador Sea,
off Newfoundland, Holocene, 26, 274–289, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683615608690,
2016.
Sicre, M. A., Weckström, K., Seidenkrantz, M. S., Kuijpers, A., Benetti,
M., Masse, G., Ezat, U., Schmidt, S., Bouloubassi, I., Olsen, J., Khodri, M.,
and Mignot, J.: Labrador current variability over the last 2000 years, Earth
Planet. Sc. Lett., 400, 26–32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.016, 2014.
Ślubowska-Woldengen, M., Rasmussen, T. L., Koç, N.,
Klitgaard-Kristensen, D., Nilsen, F., and Solheim, A.: Advection of Atlantic
Water to the western and northern Svalbard shelf since 17 500 cal. yr BP,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 463–478, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.09.009, 2007.
Solignac, S., Seidenkrantz, M. S., Jessen, C., Kuijpers, A., Gunvald, A. K.,
and Olsen, J.: Late-holocene sea-surface conditions offshore Newfoundland
based on dinoflagellate cysts, Holocene, 21, 539–552,
https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683610385720, 2011.
Steenfelt, A.: Geochemical atlas of Greenland – West and South Greenland, in: Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse: Rapport 2001/46, 39 pp.,
2001.
Steenfelt, A., Thomassen, B., Lind, M., and Kyed, J.: Karrat 97:
reconnaissance mineral exploration in central 761 West Greenland, Geol.
Greenl. Surv. Bull., 180, 73–80, 1998.
Straneo, F. and Heimbach, P.: North Atlantic warming and the retreat of
Greenland's outlet glaciers, Nature, 504, 36–43,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12854, 2013.
Straneo, F., Heimbach, P., Sergienko, O., Hamilton, G., Catania, G.,
Griffies, S., Hallberg, R., Jenkins, A., Joughin, I., Motyka, R., Pfeffer,
W. T., Price, S. F., Rignot, E., Scambos, T., Truffer, M., and Vieli, A.:
Challenges to understanding the dynamic response of Greenland's marine
terminating glaciers to oc eanic and atmospheric forcing, B. Am.
Meteorol. Soc., 94, 1131–1144, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00100.1, 2013.
Tan, F. C. and Strain, P. M.: The distribution of sea ice melt water in
the Eastern Canadian Arctic, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 1925–1932, 1980.
Tang, C. C. L., Ross, C. K., Yao, T., Petrie, B., DeTracey, B. M., and
Dunlap, E.: The circulation, water masses and sea-ice of Baffin Bay, Prog.
Oceanogr., 63, 183–228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2004.09.005, 2004.
Thyrring, J., Rysgaard, S., Blicher, M. E., and Sejr, M. K.: Metabolic cold
adaptation and aerobic performance of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) along a
temperature gradient into the High Arctic region, Mar. Biol., 162,
235–243, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-014-2575-7, 2015.
Tremblay, J.‐É., Payne, C. D., Price, N. M., Gratton, Y., and Carmack, E. C.: Impact of the large‐scale Arctic circulation and the North Water Polynya on nutrient inventories in Baffin Bay, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 26-1–26-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000595, 2002.
Vermassen, F., Andreasen, N., Wangner, D. J., Thibault, N., Seidenkrantz, M.-S., Jackson, R., Schmidt, S., Kjær, K. H., and Andresen, C. S.: A reconstruction of warm-water inflow to Upernavik Isstrøm since 1925 CE and its relation to glacier retreat, Clim. Past, 15, 1171–1186, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1171-2019, 2019.
Wang, J., Mysak, L. A., and Grant Ingram, R.: Interannual variability of
sea-ice cover in hudson bay, baffin bay and the Labrador sea, Atmos.-Ocean, 32, 421–447, https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.1994.9649505, 1994.
Wangner, D. J., Jennings, A. E., Vermassen, F., Dyke, L. M., Hogan, K. A.,
Schmidt, S., Kjær, K. H., Knudsen, M. F., and Andresen, C. S.: A
2000-year record of ocean influence on Jakobshavn Isbræ calving
activity, based on marine sediment cores, Holocene, 28, 1731–1744,
https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683618788701, 2018.
Weatherall, P., Marks, K. M., Jakobsson, M., Schmitt, T., Tani, S., Arndt,
J. E., Rovere, M., Chayes, D., Ferrini, V. and Wigley, R.: A new digital
bathymetric model of the world's oceans, Earth Sp. Sci., 2, 331–345,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015EA000107, 2015.
Welford, J. K., Peace, A. L., Geng, M., Dehler, S. A., and Dickie, K.:
Crustal structure of Baffin Bay from constrained three-dimensional gravity
inversion and deformable plate tectonic models, Geophys. J. Int., 214,
1281–1300, https://doi.org/10.1093/GJI/GGY193, 2018.
Wollenburg, J. E. and Kuhnt, W.: The response of benthic foraminifers to
carbon flux and primary production in the Arctic Ocean, Mar.
Micropaleontol., 40, 189–231, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(00)00039-6, 2000.
Wollenburg, J. E. and Mackensen, A.: Living benthic foraminifers from the
central Arctic Ocean: Faunal composition, standing stock and diversity, Mar.
Micropaleontol., 34, 153–185, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(98)00007-3, 1998.
Yang, Q., Dixon, T. H., Myers, P. G., Bonin, J., Chambers, D., and Van Den
Broeke, M. R.: Recent increases in Arctic freshwater flux affects Labrador
Sea convection and Atlantic overturning circulation, Nat. Commun., 7,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10525, 2016.
Zreda, M., England, J., Phillips, F., Elmore, D., and Sharma, P.: Unblocking
of the Nares Strait by Greenland and Ellesmere ice-sheet retreat 10 000
years ago, Nature, 398, 139–142, https://doi.org/10.1038/18197, 1999.
Short summary
In this study, we present RainNet, a deep convolutional neural network for radar-based precipitation nowcasting, which was trained to predict continuous precipitation intensities at a lead time of 5 min. RainNet significantly outperformed the benchmark models at all lead times up to 60 min. Yet an undesirable property of RainNet predictions is the level of spatial smoothing. Obviously, RainNet learned an optimal level of smoothing to produce a nowcast at 5 min lead time.
In this study, we present RainNet, a deep convolutional neural network for radar-based...
