Articles | Volume 14, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-901-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-901-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
26 Jun 2018
Research article |
| 26 Jun 2018
| 26 Jun 2018
A spatiotemporal reconstruction of sea-surface temperatures in the North Atlantic during Dansgaard–Oeschger events 5–8
Mari F. Jensen
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Aleksi Nummelin
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
Søren B. Nielsen
Climate and Computational Geophysics, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Henrik Sadatzki
Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Evangeline Sessford
Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Bjørg Risebrobakken
Uni Research Climate and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Carin Andersson
Uni Research Climate and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Antje Voelker
Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera,
Lisbon, and Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
William H. G. Roberts
University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Joel Pedro
Center for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Andreas Born
Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Institute of Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Related authors
No articles found.
Thi-Khanh-Dieu Hoang, Aurélien Quiquet, Christophe Dumas, Andreas Born, and Didier M. Roche
Clim. Past, 21, 27–51, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-27-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-27-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
To improve the simulation of surface mass balance (SMB) that influences the advance–retreat of ice sheets, we run a snow model, the BErgen Snow SImulator (BESSI), with transient climate forcing obtained from an Earth system model, iLOVECLIM, over Greenland and Antarctica during the Last Interglacial (LIG; 130–116 ka). Compared to the simple existing SMB scheme of iLOVECLIM, BESSI gives more details about SMB processes with higher physics constraints while maintaining a low computational cost.
Heiko Goelzer, Petra M. Langebroek, Andreas Born, Stefan Hofer, Konstanze Haubner, Michele Petrini, Gunter Leguy, William H. Lipscomb, and Katherine Thayer-Calder
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3045, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3045, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
On the backdrop of observed accelerating ice sheet mass loss over the last few decades, there is growing interest in the role of ice sheet changes in global climate projections. In this regard, we have coupled an Earth system model with an ice sheet model and have produced an initial set of climate projections including an interactive coupling with a dynamic Greenland ice sheet.
Jordan R. W. Martin, Joel B. Pedro, and Tessa R. Vance
Clim. Past, 20, 2487–2497, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2487-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2487-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use existing palaeoclimate data and a statistical model to predict atmospheric CO2 concentrations across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Our prediction assumes that the relationship between CO2 and benthic ẟ18Ocalcite over the past 800 000 years can be extended over the last 1.8 million years. We find no clear evidence from existing blue ice or proxy-based CO2 data to reject the predicted record. A definitive test awaits analysis of continuous oldest ice core records from Antarctica.
Elizabeth R. Thomas, Dieter Tetzner, Bradley Markle, Joel Pedro, Guisella Gacitúa, Dorothea Elisabeth Moser, and Sarah Jackson
Clim. Past, 20, 2525–2538, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2525-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical records contained in a 12 m firn (ice) core from Peter I Island, a remote sub-Antarctic island situated in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean (the Bellingshausen Sea), capture changes in snowfall and temperature (2002–2017 CE). This data-sparse region has experienced dramatic climate change in recent decades, including sea ice decline and ice loss from adjacent West Antarctic glaciers.
Tobias Zolles and Andreas Born
The Cryosphere, 18, 4831–4844, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4831-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4831-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Greenland ice sheet largely depends on the climate state. The uncertainties associated with the year-to-year variability have only a marginal impact on our simulated surface mass budget; this increases our confidence in projections and reconstructions. Basing the simulations on proxies, e.g., temperature, results in overestimates of the surface mass balance, as climatologies lead to small amounts of snowfall every day. This can be reduced by including sub-monthly precipitation variability.
Aline Martins Mega, Teresa Rodrigues, Emilia Salgueiro, Maria Padilha, Henning Kuhnert, and Antje H. L. Voelker
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3185, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3185, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research explores climatic changes during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (1006–750 kilo years) on the southern Portuguese margin. We found that warm, subtropical gyre related conditions dominated. However, those conditions were occasionally interrupted by extreme cold events during the glacial periods. Our data shows that these cold events, linked to changes in the North Atlantic’s circulation, reached as far south as 36° N and significantly impacting marine ecosystems in the surface ocean.
Robert G. Bingham, Julien A. Bodart, Marie G. P. Cavitte, Ailsa Chung, Rebecca J. Sanderson, Johannes C. R. Sutter, Olaf Eisen, Nanna B. Karlsson, Joseph A. MacGregor, Neil Ross, Duncan A. Young, David W. Ashmore, Andreas Born, Winnie Chu, Xiangbin Cui, Reinhard Drews, Steven Franke, Vikram Goel, John W. Goodge, A. Clara J. Henry, Antoine Hermant, Benjamin H. Hills, Nicholas Holschuh, Michelle R. Koutnik, Gwendolyn J.-M. C. Leysinger Vieli, Emma J. Mackie, Elisa Mantelli, Carlos Martín, Felix S. L. Ng, Falk M. Oraschewski, Felipe Napoleoni, Frédéric Parrenin, Sergey V. Popov, Therese Rieckh, Rebecca Schlegel, Dustin M. Schroeder, Martin J. Siegert, Xueyuan Tang, Thomas O. Teisberg, Kate Winter, Shuai Yan, Harry Davis, Christine F. Dow, Tyler J. Fudge, Tom A. Jordan, Bernd Kulessa, Kenichi Matsuoka, Clara J. Nyqvist, Maryam Rahnemoonfar, Matthew R. Siegfried, Shivangini Singh, Verjan Višnjević, Rodrigo Zamora, and Alexandra Zuhr
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2593, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2593, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for The Cryosphere (TC).
Short summary
Short summary
The ice sheets covering Antarctica have built up over millenia through successive snowfall events which become buried and preserved as internal surfaces of equal age detectable with ice-penetrating radar. This paper describes an international initiative to work together on this archival data to build a comprehensive 3-D picture of how old the ice is everywhere across Antarctica, and how this will be used to reconstruct past and predict future ice and climate behaviour.
Gilles Reverdin, Claire Waelbroeck, Antje Voelker, and Hanno Meyer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3009, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3009, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Water isotopes in the ocean trace the freshwater exchanges between the ocean, the atmosphere and the cryosphere, and are used to investigate processes of the hydrological cycle. We illustrate offsets in seawater isotopic composition between different data sets that are larger than the expected variability that one often wants to explore. This highlights the need to share seawater isotopic composition samples dedicated to specific intercomparison of data produced in the different laboratories.
Xiaolei Pang, Antje H. L. Voelker, Sihua Lu, and Xuan Ding
Clim. Past, 20, 2103–2116, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2103-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2103-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research discovered significant seasonal temperature variations in the North Atlantic's mid-latitudes during the early Late Pliocene. This highlights the necessity of using multiple methods to get a full picture of past climates, thus avoiding a biased understanding of the climate system. Moreover, our study reveals that the precession signal, which previously dominated surface temperature records, disappeared with the increased influence of the ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere.
Therese Rieckh, Andreas Born, Alexander Robinson, Robert Law, and Gerrit Gülle
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6987–7000, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6987-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6987-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present the open-source model ELSA, which simulates the internal age structure of large ice sheets. It creates layers of snow accumulation at fixed times during the simulation, which are used to model the internal stratification of the ice sheet. Together with reconstructed isochrones from radiostratigraphy data, ELSA can be used to assess ice sheet models and to improve their parameterization. ELSA can be used coupled to an ice sheet model or forced with its output.
Charlotte Rahlves, Heiko Goelzer, Andreas Born, and Petra M. Langebroek
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-922, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-922, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet significantly contributes to rising sea levels, threatening coastal communities globally. To improve future sea-level projections, we simulated ice sheet behavior until 2100, initializing the model with observed geometry and using various climate models. Predictions indicate a sea-level rise of 32 to 228 mm by 2100, with climate model uncertainty being the main source of variability in projections.
Gustav Jungdal-Olesen, Jane Lund Andersen, Andreas Born, and Vivi Kathrine Pedersen
The Cryosphere, 18, 1517–1532, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We explore how the shape of the land and underwater features in Scandinavia affected the former Scandinavian ice sheet over time. Using a computer model, we simulate how the ice sheet evolved during different stages of landscape development. We discovered that early glaciations were limited in size by underwater landforms, but as these changed, the ice sheet expanded more rapidly. Our findings highlight the importance of considering landscape changes when studying ice-sheet history.
Sina Loriani, Yevgeny Aksenov, David Armstrong McKay, Govindasamy Bala, Andreas Born, Cristiano M. Chiessi, Henk Dijkstra, Jonathan F. Donges, Sybren Drijfhout, Matthew H. England, Alexey V. Fedorov, Laura Jackson, Kai Kornhuber, Gabriele Messori, Francesco Pausata, Stefanie Rynders, Jean-Baptiste Salée, Bablu Sinha, Steven Sherwood, Didier Swingedouw, and Thejna Tharammal
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2589, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2589, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we draw on paleoreords, observations and modelling studies to review tipping points in the ocean overturning circulations, monsoon systems and global atmospheric circulations. We find indications for tipping in the ocean overturning circulations and the West African monsoon, with potentially severe impacts on the Earth system and humans. Tipping in the other considered systems is considered conceivable but currently not sufficiently supported by evidence.
Bjørg Risebrobakken, Mari F. Jensen, Helene R. Langehaug, Tor Eldevik, Anne Britt Sandø, Camille Li, Andreas Born, Erin Louise McClymont, Ulrich Salzmann, and Stijn De Schepper
Clim. Past, 19, 1101–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1101-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1101-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the observational period, spatially coherent sea surface temperatures characterize the northern North Atlantic at multidecadal timescales. We show that spatially non-coherent temperature patterns are seen both in further projections and a past warm climate period with a CO2 level comparable to the future low-emission scenario. Buoyancy forcing is shown to be important for northern North Atlantic temperature patterns.
Lenneke M. Jong, Christopher T. Plummer, Jason L. Roberts, Andrew D. Moy, Mark A. J. Curran, Tessa R. Vance, Joel B. Pedro, Chelsea A. Long, Meredith Nation, Paul A. Mayewski, and Tas D. van Ommen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3313–3328, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3313-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3313-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ice core records from Law Dome in East Antarctica, collected over the the last 3 decades, provide high-resolution data for studies of the climate of Antarctica, Australia and the Southern and Indo-Pacific oceans. Here, we present a set of annually dated records from Law Dome covering the last 2000 years. This dataset provides an update and extensions both forward and back in time of previously published subsets of the data, bringing them together into a coherent set with improved dating.
Gilles Reverdin, Claire Waelbroeck, Catherine Pierre, Camille Akhoudas, Giovanni Aloisi, Marion Benetti, Bernard Bourlès, Magnus Danielsen, Jérôme Demange, Denis Diverrès, Jean-Claude Gascard, Marie-Noëlle Houssais, Hervé Le Goff, Pascale Lherminier, Claire Lo Monaco, Herlé Mercier, Nicolas Metzl, Simon Morisset, Aïcha Naamar, Thierry Reynaud, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Virginie Thierry, Susan E. Hartman, Edward W. Mawji, Solveig Olafsdottir, Torsten Kanzow, Anton Velo, Antje Voelker, Igor Yashayaev, F. Alexander Haumann, Melanie J. Leng, Carol Arrowsmith, and Michael Meredith
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2721–2735, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2721-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2721-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The CISE-LOCEAN seawater stable isotope dataset has close to 8000 data entries. The δ18O and δD isotopic data measured at LOCEAN have uncertainties of at most 0.05 ‰ and 0.25 ‰, respectively. Some data were adjusted to correct for evaporation. The internal consistency indicates that the data can be used to investigate time and space variability to within 0.03 ‰ and 0.15 ‰ in δ18O–δD17; comparisons with data analyzed in other institutions suggest larger differences with other datasets.
Katharina M. Holube, Tobias Zolles, and Andreas Born
The Cryosphere, 16, 315–331, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We simulated the surface mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet in the 21st century by forcing a snow model with the output of many Earth system models and four greenhouse gas emission scenarios. We quantify the contribution to uncertainty in surface mass balance of these two factors and the choice of parameters of the snow model. The results show that the differences between Earth system models are the main source of uncertainty. This effect is localised mostly near the equilibrium line.
Andreas Born and Alexander Robinson
The Cryosphere, 15, 4539–4556, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ice penetrating radar reflections from the Greenland ice sheet are the best available record of past accumulation and how these layers have been deformed over time by the flow of ice. Direct simulations of this archive hold great promise for improving our models and for uncovering details of ice sheet dynamics that neither models nor data could achieve alone. We present the first three-dimensional ice sheet model that explicitly simulates individual layers of accumulation and how they deform.
Tobias Zolles and Andreas Born
The Cryosphere, 15, 2917–2938, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2917-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2917-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the sensitivity of a glacier surface mass and the energy balance model of the Greenland ice sheet for the cold period of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the present-day climate. The results show that the model sensitivity changes with climate. While for present-day simulations inclusions of sublimation and hoar formation are of minor importance, they cannot be neglected during the LGM. To simulate the surface mass balance over long timescales, a water vapor scheme is necessary.
Elizabeth Ruth Thomas, Guisella Gacitúa, Joel B. Pedro, Amy Constance Faith King, Bradley Markle, Mariusz Potocki, and Dorothea Elisabeth Moser
The Cryosphere, 15, 1173–1186, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1173-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1173-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present the first-ever radar and ice core data from the sub-Antarctic islands of Bouvet Island, Peter I Island, and Young Island. These islands have the potential to record past climate in one of the most data-sparse regions on earth. Despite their northerly location, surface melting is generally low, and the upper layer of the ice at most sites is undisturbed. We estimate that a 100 m ice core drilled on these islands could capture climate over the past 100–200 years.
Xavier Fettweis, Stefan Hofer, Uta Krebs-Kanzow, Charles Amory, Teruo Aoki, Constantijn J. Berends, Andreas Born, Jason E. Box, Alison Delhasse, Koji Fujita, Paul Gierz, Heiko Goelzer, Edward Hanna, Akihiro Hashimoto, Philippe Huybrechts, Marie-Luise Kapsch, Michalea D. King, Christoph Kittel, Charlotte Lang, Peter L. Langen, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Glen E. Liston, Gerrit Lohmann, Sebastian H. Mernild, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Kameswarrao Modali, Ruth H. Mottram, Masashi Niwano, Brice Noël, Jonathan C. Ryan, Amy Smith, Jan Streffing, Marco Tedesco, Willem Jan van de Berg, Michiel van den Broeke, Roderik S. W. van de Wal, Leo van Kampenhout, David Wilton, Bert Wouters, Florian Ziemen, and Tobias Zolles
The Cryosphere, 14, 3935–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3935-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3935-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated simulated Greenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance from 5 kinds of models. While the most complex (but expensive to compute) models remain the best, the faster/simpler models also compare reliably with observations and have biases of the same order as the regional models. Discrepancies in the trend over 2000–2012, however, suggest that large uncertainties remain in the modelled future SMB changes as they are highly impacted by the meltwater runoff biases over the current climate.
Catarina Cavaleiro, Antje H. L. Voelker, Heather Stoll, Karl-Heinz Baumann, and Michal Kucera
Clim. Past, 16, 2017–2037, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2017-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2017-2020, 2020
Erin L. McClymont, Heather L. Ford, Sze Ling Ho, Julia C. Tindall, Alan M. Haywood, Montserrat Alonso-Garcia, Ian Bailey, Melissa A. Berke, Kate Littler, Molly O. Patterson, Benjamin Petrick, Francien Peterse, A. Christina Ravelo, Bjørg Risebrobakken, Stijn De Schepper, George E. A. Swann, Kaustubh Thirumalai, Jessica E. Tierney, Carolien van der Weijst, Sarah White, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Michiel L. J. Baatsen, Esther C. Brady, Wing-Le Chan, Deepak Chandan, Ran Feng, Chuncheng Guo, Anna S. von der Heydt, Stephen Hunter, Xiangyi Li, Gerrit Lohmann, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, W. Richard Peltier, Christian Stepanek, and Zhongshi Zhang
Clim. Past, 16, 1599–1615, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1599-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1599-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the sea-surface temperature response to an interval of climate ~ 3.2 million years ago, when CO2 concentrations were similar to today and the near future. Our geological data and climate models show that global mean sea-surface temperatures were 2.3 to 3.2 ºC warmer than pre-industrial climate, that the mid-latitudes and high latitudes warmed more than the tropics, and that the warming was particularly enhanced in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Tine Nilsen, Dmitry V. Divine, Annika Hofgaard, Andreas Born, Johann Jungclaus, and Igor Drobyshev
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-123, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-123, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Using a set of three climate model simulations we cannot find a consistent relationship between atmospheric conditions favorable for forest fire activity in northern Scandinavia and weaker ocean circulation in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre on seasonal timescales. In the literature there is support of such a relationship for longer timescales. With the motivation to improve seasonal prediction systems, we conclude that the gyre circulation alone does not indicate forthcoming model drought.
Andreas Plach, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Petra M. Langebroek, Andreas Born, and Sébastien Le clec'h
The Cryosphere, 13, 2133–2148, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2133-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2133-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Meltwater from the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) rises sea level and knowing how the GrIS behaved in the past will help to become better in predicting its future. Here, the evolution of the past GrIS is shown to be dominated by how much ice melts (a result of the prevailing climate) rather than how ice flow is represented in the simulations. Therefore, it is very important to know past climates accurately, in order to be able to simulate the evolution of the GrIS and its contribution to sea level.
Andreia Rebotim, Antje Helga Luise Voelker, Lukas Jonkers, Joanna J. Waniek, Michael Schulz, and Michal Kucera
J. Micropalaeontol., 38, 113–131, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-38-113-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-38-113-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To reconstruct subsurface water conditions using deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera, we must fully understand how the oxygen isotope signal incorporates into their shell. We report δ18O in four species sampled in the eastern North Atlantic with plankton tows. We assess the size and crust effect on the isotopic δ18O and compared them with predictions from two equations. We reveal different patterns of calcite addition with depth, highlighting the need to perform species-specific calibrations.
Agathe Lisé-Pronovost, Michael-Shawn Fletcher, Tom Mallett, Michela Mariani, Richard Lewis, Patricia S. Gadd, Andy I. R. Herries, Maarten Blaauw, Hendrik Heijnis, Dominic A. Hodgson, and Joel B. Pedro
Sci. Dril., 25, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-25-1-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-25-1-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first results from scientific drilling at Darwin Crater, a 816 000-year-old meteorite impact crater in Tasmania. The aim was to recover lacustrine sediments in the crater to reconstruct paleoclimate and bridge a time gap in understanding climate change in mid-latitude Australia. The multi-proxy dataset provides clear signatures of alternating glacial and interglacial lithologies, promising for investigating the role of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds in Pleistocene climate.
Andreas Born, Michael A. Imhof, and Thomas F. Stocker
The Cryosphere, 13, 1529–1546, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1529-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1529-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new numerical model to simulate the surface energy and mass balance of snow and ice. While similar models exist and cover a wide range of complexity from empirical models to those that simulate the microscopic structure of individual snow grains, we aim to strike a balance between physical completeness and numerical efficiency. This new model will enable physically accurate simulations over timescales of hundreds of millennia, a key requirement of investigating ice age cycles.
Andreas Plach, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Sébastien Le clec'h, Andreas Born, Petra M. Langebroek, Chuncheng Guo, Michael Imhof, and Thomas F. Stocker
Clim. Past, 14, 1463–1485, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1463-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1463-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Greenland ice sheet is a huge frozen water reservoir which is crucial for predictions of sea level in a warming future climate. Therefore, computer models are needed to reliably simulate the melt of ice sheets. In this study, we use climate model simulations of the last period where it was warmer than today in Greenland. We test different melt models under these climatic conditions and show that the melt models show very different results under these warmer conditions.
Anna Binczewska, Bjørg Risebrobakken, Irina Polovodova Asteman, Matthias Moros, Amandine Tisserand, Eystein Jansen, and Andrzej Witkowski
Biogeosciences, 15, 5909–5928, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5909-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5909-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Primary productivity is an important factor in the functioning and structuring of the coastal ecosystem. Thus, two sediment cores from the Skagerrak (North Sea) were investigated in order to obtain a comprehensive picture of primary productivity changes during the last millennium and identify associated forcing factors (e.g. anthropogenic, climate). The cores were dated and analysed for palaeoproductivity proxies and palaeothermometers.
Paul J. Valdes, Edward Armstrong, Marcus P. S. Badger, Catherine D. Bradshaw, Fran Bragg, Michel Crucifix, Taraka Davies-Barnard, Jonathan J. Day, Alex Farnsworth, Chris Gordon, Peter O. Hopcroft, Alan T. Kennedy, Natalie S. Lord, Dan J. Lunt, Alice Marzocchi, Louise M. Parry, Vicky Pope, William H. G. Roberts, Emma J. Stone, Gregory J. L. Tourte, and Jonny H. T. Williams
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 3715–3743, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3715-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3715-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we describe the family of climate models used by the BRIDGE research group at the University of Bristol as well as by various other institutions. These models are based on the UK Met Office HadCM3 models and here we describe the various modifications which have been made as well as the key features of a number of configurations in use.
Paul E. Bachem, Bjørg Risebrobakken, Stijn De Schepper, and Erin L. McClymont
Clim. Past, 13, 1153–1168, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present a high-resolution multi-proxy study of the Norwegian Sea, covering the 5.33 to 3.14 Ma time window within the Pliocene. We show that large-scale climate transitions took place during this warmer than modern time, most likely in response to ocean gateway transformations. Strong warming at 4.0 Ma in the Norwegian Sea, when regions closer to Greenland cooled, indicate that increased northward ocean heat transport may be compatible with expanding glaciation and Arctic sea ice growth.
Jason Roberts, Andrew Moy, Christopher Plummer, Tas van Ommen, Mark Curran, Tessa Vance, Samuel Poynter, Yaping Liu, Joel Pedro, Adam Treverrow, Carly Tozer, Lenneke Jong, Pippa Whitehouse, Laetitia Loulergue, Jerome Chappellaz, Vin Morgan, Renato Spahni, Adrian Schilt, Cecilia MacFarling Meure, David Etheridge, and Thomas Stocker
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2017-96, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2017-96, 2017
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present a revised Law Dome, Dome Summit South (DSS) ice core age model (denoted LD2017) that significantly improves the chronology over the last 88 thousand years. An ensemble approach was used, allowing for the computation of both a median age and associated uncertainty as a function of depth. We use a non-linear interpolation between age ties and unlike previous studies, we made an independent estimate of the snow accumulation rate, where required, for the use of gas based age ties.
Andreia Rebotim, Antje H. L. Voelker, Lukas Jonkers, Joanna J. Waniek, Helge Meggers, Ralf Schiebel, Igaratza Fraile, Michael Schulz, and Michal Kucera
Biogeosciences, 14, 827–859, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-827-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-827-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Planktonic foraminifera species depth habitat remains poorly constrained and the existing conceptual models are not sufficiently tested by observational data. Here we present a synthesis of living planktonic foraminifera abundance data in the subtropical eastern North Atlantic from vertical plankton tows. We also test potential environmental factors influencing the species depth habitat and investigate yearly or lunar migration cycles. These findings may impact paleoceanographic studies.
Aurélie Penaud, Frédérique Eynaud, Antje Helga Luise Voelker, and Jean-Louis Turon
Biogeosciences, 13, 5357–5377, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5357-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5357-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents new analyses conducted at high resolution in the Gulf of Cadiz over the last 50 ky. Palaeohydrological changes in these subtropical latitudes are discussed through dinoflagellate cyst assemblages but also dinocyst transfer function results, implying sea surface temperature and salinity as well as annual productivity reconstructions. This study is thus important for our understanding of past and future productivity regimes, also implying consequences on the biological pump.
William H. G. Roberts, Antony J. Payne, and Paul J. Valdes
Clim. Past, 12, 1601–1617, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1601-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1601-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
There are observations from ocean sediment cores that during the last ice age the Laurentide Ice Sheet, which sat over North America, periodically surged. In this study we show the role that water at the base of an ice sheet plays in these surges. We show that with a more realistic representation of water drainage at the base of the ice sheet than usually used, these surges can still occur and that they are triggered by an internal ice sheet instability; no external trigger is needed.
Sina Panitz, Ulrich Salzmann, Bjørg Risebrobakken, Stijn De Schepper, and Matthew J. Pound
Clim. Past, 12, 1043–1060, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1043-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1043-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the first late Pliocene high-resolution pollen record for the Norwegian Arctic, covering the time period 3.60 to 3.14 million years ago (Ma). The climate of the late Pliocene has been widely regarded as relatively stable. Our results suggest a high climate variability with alternating cool temperate forests during warmer-than-presen periods and boreal forests similar to today during cooler intervals. A spread of peatlands at the expense of forest indicates long-term cooling.
Cited articles
Alley, R.: GISP2 Ice Core Temperature and Accumulation Data, iGBP PAGES/World
Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series 2004-013, NOAA/NGDC
Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA, 2004. a
Arzel, O., Colin de Verdiere, A., and England, M. H.: The Role of Oceanic Heat
Transport and Wind Stress Forcing in Abrupt Millennial-Scale Climate
Transitions, J. Climate, 23, 2233–2256, 2010. a
Bard, E., Rostek, F., and Ménot-Combes, G.: Radiocarbon calibration beyond
20,000 14C yr B.P. by means of planktonic foraminifera of the Iberian
Margin, Quaternary Res., 61, 204–214,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2003.11.006, 2004. a
Barker, S., Chen, J., Gong, X., Jonkers, L., Knorr, G., and Thornalley, D.:
Icebergs not the trigger for North Atlantic cold events, Nature, 520,
333–336, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14330, 2015. a, b
Berger, A. and Loutre, M. F.: Insolation values for the climate of the last 10
million years, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 10, 297–317, 1991. a
Bond, G., Broecker, W., Johnsen, S., McManus, J., Labeyrie, L., Jouzel, J., and
Bonani, G.: Correlations between climate records from North Atlantic
sediments and Greenland ice, Nature, 365, 143–147, 1993. a
Bond, G. C., Showers, W., Elliot, M., Evans, M., Lotti, R., Hajdas, I., Bonani,
G., and Johnson, S.: The North Atlantic's 1–2 Kyr Climate Rhythm:
Relation to Heinrich Events, Dansgaard/Oeschger Cycles and the
Little Ice Age, Mechanisms of global climate change at millennial time
scales, American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph Series, edited by: Clark, P. U., Webb, R. S., and Keigwin, L. D., 12, 35–58, 1999. a
Born, A. and Levermann, A.: The 8.2 ka event: Abrupt transition of the subpolar
gyre toward a modern North Atlantic circulation, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 11, q06011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC003024, 2010. a
Born, A., Nisancioglu, K. H., and Braconnot, P.: Sea ice induced changes in
ocean circulation during the Eemian, Clim. Dynam., 35, 1361–1371,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0709-2, 2010. a
Born, A., Stocker, T. F., Raible, C. C., and Levermann, A.: Is the Atlantic
subpolar gyre bistable in comprehensive coupled climate models?, Clim. Dynam.,
40, 2993–3007, 2013. a
Born, A., Mignot, J., and Stocker, T. F.: Multiple Equilibria as a Possible
Mechanism for Decadal Variability in the North Atlantic Ocean, J. Climate, 28, 8907–8922, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00813.1, 2015. a
Brady, E. C., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Kay, J. E., and Rosenbloom, N.: Sensitivity
to Glacial Forcing in the CCSM4, J. Climate, 26, 1901–1925,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00416.1, 2013. a, b
Brandefelt, J., Kjellström, E., Näslund, J.-O., Strandberg, G., Voelker, A.
H. L., and Wohlfarth, B.: A coupled climate model simulation of Marine
Isotope Stage 3 stadial climate, Clim. Past, 7, 649–670,
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-649-2011, 2011. a
Broecker, W. S., Bond, G., and Klas, M.: A salt oscillator in the glacial
Atlantic? 1. The concept, Paleoceanography, 5, 469–477, 1990. a
Colin de Verdiere, A. and Raa, L. T.: Weak oceanic heat transport as a cause
of the instability of glacial climates, Clim. Dynam., 35, 1237–1256,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0675-8, 2010. a
Cuffey, K. and Clow, G.: Temperature, accumulation, and ice sheet elevation in
central Greenland through the last deglacial transition, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 26383–26396, 1997. a
Curry, W. B., Marchitto, T. M., Mcmanus, J. F., Oppo, D. W., and Laarkamp,
K. L.: Millennial-scale Changes in Ventilation of the Thermocline,
Intermediate, and Deep Waters of the Glacial North Atlantic, American Geophysical Union, 59–76,
https://doi.org/10.1029/GM112p0059, 2013. a
Dansgaard, W., Johnsen, S. J., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Gundestrup,
N. S., Hammer, C. U., Hvidberg, C. S., Steffensen, J. P.,
Sveinbjörnsdottir, A. E., Jouzel, J., and Bond, G.: Evidence for general
instability of past climate from a 250-kyr ice-core record, Nature, 364,
218–220, 1993. a
Davies, S. M., Abbott, P. M., Pearce, N. J., Wastegård, S., and Blockley,
S. P.: Integrating the INTIMATE records using tephrochronology: rising to
the challenge, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 36, 11–27, 2012. a
Delworth, T. L. and Zeng, F.: The Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on
Climate through Its Influence on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning
Circulation, J. Climate, 29, 941–962,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0396.1, 2016. a
Delworth, T. L., Zeng, F., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Vecchi, G. A., and Yang, X.:
The Central Role of Ocean Dynamics in Connecting the North Atlantic
Oscillation to the Extratropical Component of the Atlantic Multidecadal
Oscillation, J. Climate, 30, 3789–3805,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0358.1, 2017. a
Denton, G. H., Alley, R. B., Comer, G. C., and Broecker, W. S.: The role of
seasonality in abrupt climate change, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 1159–1182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.12.002, 2005. a
Dokken, T. and Jansen, E.: Rapid changes in the mechanism of ocean convection
during the last glacial period, Nature, 401, 458–461, 1999. a
Elliot, M., Labeyrie, L., Bond, G., Cortijo, E., Turon, J.-L., Tisnerat, N.,
and Duplessy, J.-C.: Millennial-scale iceberg discharges in the Irminger
Basin during the Last Glacial Period: Relationship with the Heinrich events
and environmental settings, Paleoceanography, 13, 433–446,
https://doi.org/10.1029/98PA01792, 1998. a
Elliot, M., Labeyrie, L., and Duplessy, J.-C.: Changes in North Atlantic
deep-water formation associated with the Dansgaard-Oeschger temperature
oscillations (60–10 ka), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 21, 1153–1165, 2002. a
Eynaud, F., Turon, J. L., Matthiessen, J., Kissel, C., Peypouquet, J. P.,
de Vernal, A., and Henry, M.: Norwegian sea-surface palaeoenvironments of
marine oxygen-isotope stage 3: the paradoxical response of dinoflagellate
cysts, J. Quaternary Sci., 17, 349–359, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.676, 2002. a
Eynaud, F., de Abreu, L., Voelker, A., Schönfeld, J., Salgueiro, E., Turon,
J.-L., Penaud, A., Toucanne, S., Naughton, F., Sáanchez Goñi, M. F.,
Malaizé, B., and Cacho, I.: Position of the Polar Front along the western
Iberian margin during key cold episodes of the last 45 ka, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 10, q07U05, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002398, 2009. a
Ezat, M. M., Rasmussen, T. L., and Groeneveld, J.: Persistent intermediate
water warming during cold stadials in the southeastern Nordic seas during the
past 65 k.y., Geology, 42, 663–666, https://doi.org/10.1130/G35579.1, 2014. a
Franke, J., González-Rouco, J. F., Frank, D., and Graham, N. E.: 200 years
of European temperature variability: insights from and tests of the proxy
surrogate reconstruction analog method, Clim. Dynam., 37, 133–150,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0802-6, 2011. a, b, c
Gebbie, G., Peterson, C. D., Lisiecki, L. E., and Spero, H. J.: Global-mean
marine δ13C and its uncertainty in a glacial state estimate,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 125, 144–159,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.08.010, 2015. a
Gómez-Navarro, J. J., Zorita, E., Raible, C. C., and Neukom, R.:
Pseudo-proxy tests of the analogue method to reconstruct spatially resolved
global temperature during the Common Era, Clim. Past, 13, 629–648,
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-629-2017, 2017. a, b
Gordon, C., Cooper, C., Senior, C. A., Banks, H., Gregory, J. M., Johns, T. C.,
Mitchell, J. F. B., and Wood, R. A.: The simulation of SST, sea ice extents
and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model
without flux adjustments, Clim. Dynam., 16, 147–168,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820050010, 2000. a
Govin, A., Braconnot, P., Capron, E., Cortijo, E., Duplessy, J.-C., Jansen,
E., Labeyrie, L., Landais, A., Marti, O., Michel, E., Mosquet, E.,
Risebrobakken, B., Swingedouw, D., and Waelbroeck, C.: Persistent influence
of ice sheet melting on high northern latitude climate during the early Last
Interglacial, Clim. Past, 8, 483–507, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-483-2012,
2012. a
Graham, N. E., Hughes, M. K., Ammann, C. M., Cobb, K. M., Hoerling, M. P.,
Kennett, D. J., Kennett, J. P., Rein, B., Stott, L., Wigand, P. E., and Xu,
T.: Tropical Pacific – mid-latitude teleconnections in medieval times,
Climate Change, 83, 241–285, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-007-9239-2, 2007. a, b
Grootes, P. M. and Stuiver, M.: Oxygen 18/16 variability in Greenland snow
and ice with 103- to 105-year time resolution, J. Geophys. Res.,
102, 26455–26470, 1997. a
Hall, I. R., Colmenero-Hidalgo, E., Zahn, R., Peck, V. L., and Hemming, S. R.:
Centennial- to millennial-scale ice-ocean interactions in the subpolar
northeast Atlantic 18–41 kyr ago, Paleoceanography, 26, pA2224, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010PA002084, 2011a. a
Hall, I. R., Colmenero-Hidalgo, E., Zahn, R., Peck, V. L., and
Hemming, S. R.: Age determination and sedimentation rates of the subpolar
northeast Atlantic, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.830624, Supplement to: Hall,
I. R. et al. (2011): Centennial- to millennial-scale ice-ocean interactions in
the subpolar northeast Atlantic 18–41 kyr ago, Paleoceanography, 26,
PA2224, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010PA002084, 2011b. a
Hoff, U., Rasmussen, T. L., Stein, R., Ezat, M. M., and Fahl, K.: Sea ice and
millennial-scale climate variability in the Nordic seas 90 kyr ago to
present, Nat. Commun., 7, 12247, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12247, 2016. a, b
Jensen, M. F., Nummelin, A., Nielsen, S. B., Sadatzki, H.,
Sessford, E., Risebrobakken, B., Andersson, C., Voelker, A. H. L., Roberts, W. H. G., Pedro, J. B., and Born, A.: Sea surface
temperature estimates from several sediment cores in the North Atlantic,
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.882403, 2017.
Jensen, M. F., Nummelin, A., Nielsen, S. B., Sadatzki, H.,
Sessford, E., Risebrobakken, B., Andersson, C., Voelker, A. H. L., Roberts, W. H. G., Pedro, J. B., and Born,
A.: Sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic, 30–40 ka, from the proxy surrogate reconstruction
method, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.890920, 2018.
Johnsen, S. J., Clausen, H. B., Dansgaard, W., Fuhrer, K., Gundestrup, N.,
Hammer, C. U., Iversen, P., Jouzel, J., Stauffer, B., and Steffensen, J. P.:
Irregular glacial interstadials recorded in a new Greenland ice core,
Nature, 359, 311–313, 1992. a
Kageyama, M., Braconnot, P., Harrison, S. P., Haywood, A. M., Jungclaus, J.
H., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Peterschmitt, J.-Y., Abe-Ouchi, A., Albani, S.,
Bartlein, P. J., Brierley, C., Crucifix, M., Dolan, A., Fernandez-Donado, L.,
Fischer, H., Hopcroft, P. O., Ivanovic, R. F., Lambert, F., Lunt, D. J.,
Mahowald, N. M., Peltier, W. R., Phipps, S. J., Roche, D. M., Schmidt, G. A.,
Tarasov, L., Valdes, P. J., Zhang, Q., and Zhou, T.: The PMIP4 contribution
to CMIP6 – Part 1: Overview and over-arching analysis plan, Geosci. Model
Dev., 11, 1033–1057, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1033-2018, 2018. a
Kindler, P., Guillevic, M., Baumgartner, M., Schwander, J., Landais, A., and
Leuenberger, M.: Temperature reconstruction from 10 to 120 kyr b2k from the
NGRIP ice core, Clim. Past, 10, 887–902,
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-887-2014, 2014. a, b, c
Kucera, M., Rosell-Mele, A., Schneider, R., Waelbroeck, C., and Weinelt, M.:
Multiproxy approach for the reconstruction of the glacial ocean surface
(MARGO), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 813–819, 2005a. a
Kucera, M., Weinelt, M., Kiefer, T., Pflaumann, U., Hayes, A., Chen, M. T.,
Mix, A. C., Barrows, T. T., Cortijo, E., Duprat, J., Juggins, S., and
Waelbroeck, C.: Reconstruction of sea-surface temperatures from assemblages
of planktonic foraminifera: multi-technique approach based on geographically
constrained calibration data sets and its application to glacial Atlantic
and Pacific Oceans, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 951–998, 2005b. a
Kurahashi-Nakamura, T., Losch, M., and Paul, A.: Can sparse proxy data
constrain the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation?,
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 419–432, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-419-2014,
2014. a
Labeyrie, L., Vidal, L., Cortijo, E., Paterne, M., Arnold, M., Duplessy, J. C.,
Vautravers, M., Labracherie, M., Duprat, J., Turon, J. L., Grousset, F., and
Weering, T. V.: Surface and Deep Hydrology of the Northern Atlantic Ocean
during the past 150 000 Years, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B., 348, 255–264,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1995.0067, 1995. a
Labeyrie, L., Leclaire, H., Waelbroeck, C., Cortijo, E., Duplessy, J.-C.,
Vidal, L., Elliot, M., and Coat, B. L.: Mechanisms of Global Climate Change
at Millennial Time Scales, vol. 112, chap. Temporal variability of the
Surface and Deep Waters of the North West Atlantic Ocean at Orbital
and Millenial Scales, Geoph. Monog. Series, 77–98, 1999. a, b
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: CCSM4, available at:
http://pcmdi9.llnl.gov/, last access: 22 June 2016.
Li, C., Battisti, D. S., Schrag, D. P., and Tziperman, E.: Abrupt climate
shifts in Greenland due to displacements of the sea ice edge, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 32, L19702, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023492, 2005. a, b, c
Lorenz, E. N.: Atmospheric Predictability as Revealed by Naturally Occuring
Analogues, J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 636–646, 1969. a
Loulergue, L., Schilt, A., Spahni, R., Masson-Delmotte, V., Blunier, T.,
Lemieux, B., Barnola, J.-M., Raynaud, D., Stocker, T. F., and Chappellaz, J.:
Orbital and millennial-scale features of atmospheric CH4 over the past
800 000 years, Nature, 453, 383–386, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06950, 2008. a
Marotzke, J.: Abrupt climate change and the thermohaline circulation:
mechanisms and predictability, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 1347–1350,
2000. a
Moffa-Sánchez, P., Born, A., Hall, I. R., Thornalley, D. J. R., and Barker,
S.: Solar forcing of North Atlantic surface temperature and salinity over the
past millennium, Nat. Geosci., 7, 275–278, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2094,
2014. a
North Greenland Ice Core Project members: High-resolution record of
Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period,
Nature, 431, 147–151, 2004. a
Obrochta, S. P., Miyahara, H., Yokoyama, Y., and Crowley, T. J.: A
re-examination of evidence for the North Atlantic “1500-year cycle” at
Site 609, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 55, 23–33, 2012. a
Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Braconnot, P., Harrison, S. P., Lunt, D. J., Abe-Ouchi,
A., Albani, S., Bartlein, P. J., Capron, E., Carlson, A. E., Dutton, A.,
Fischer, H., Goelzer, H., Govin, A., Haywood, A., Joos, F., LeGrande, A. N.,
Lipscomb, W. H., Lohmann, G., Mahowald, N., Nehrbass-Ahles, C., Pausata, F.
S. R., Peterschmitt, J.-Y., Phipps, S. J., Renssen, H., and Zhang, Q.: The
PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 2: Two interglacials, scientific objective
and experimental design for Holocene and Last Interglacial simulations,
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 3979–4003, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3979-2017,
2017. a
Peltier, W.: Global Glacial Isostasy and the Surface of the Ice-Age Earth: The
ICE-5G (VM2) Model and GRACE, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc.,
32, 111–149, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.32.082503.144359, 2004. a
Peltier, W. R. and Vettoretti, G.: Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations predicted
in a comprehensive model of glacial climate: A “kicked” salt oscillator in
the Atlantic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 7306–7313,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061413, 2014GL061413, 2014. a, b
Petersen, S. V., Schrag, D. P., and Clark, P. U.: A new mechanism for
Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, Paleoceanography, 28, 24–30, 2013. a
Petit, J., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N., Barnola, J., Basile, I.,
Bender, M., Chappellaz, J., Davis, M., Delaygue, G., Delmotte, M., Kotlyakov,
V., Legrand, M., Lipenkov, V., Lorius, C., Pepin, L., Ritz, C., Saltzman, E.,
and Stievenard, M.: Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years
from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica, Nature, 399, 429–436,
https://doi.org/10.1038/20859, 1999. a
Rahmstorf, S.: Ocean circulation and climate during the past 120,000 years,
Nature, 419, 207–214, 2002. a
Rahmstorf, S., Box, J. E., Feulner, G., Mann, M. E., Robinson, A., Rutherford,
S., and Schaaernicht, E. J.: Exceptional twentieth-century slowdown in
Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation, Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 475–480,
https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2554, 2015. a
Rasmussen, S. O., Bigler, M., Blockley, S. P., Blunier, T., Buchardt, S. L.,
Clausen, H. B., Cvijanovic, I., Dahl-Jensen, D., Johnsen, S. J., Fischer, H.,
Gkinis, V., Guillevic, M., Hoek, W. Z., Lowe, J. J., Pedro, J. B., Popp,
T., Seierstad, I. K., Steffensen, J. P., Svensson, A. M., Vallelonga, P.,
Vinther, B. M., Walker, M. J., Wheatley, J. J., and Winstrup, M.: A
stratigraphic framework for abrupt climatic changes during the
Last Glacial period based on three synchronized Greenland ice-core records:
refining and extending the INTIMATE event stratigraphy, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 106, 14–28, 2014. a, b
Rasmussen, T. L., Thomsen, E., and Moros, M.: North Atlantic warming during
Dansgaard-Oeschger events synchronous with Antarctic warming and
out-of-phase with Greenland climate, Sci. Rep., 6, 6–12, 2016. a
Rasmussen, T. L. and Thomsen, E.: The role of the North Atlantic Drift in
the millennial timescale glacial climate fluctuations, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoecol., 210, 101–116, 2004. a
Rebotim, A., Voelker, A. H. L., Jonkers, L., Waniek, J. J., Meggers, H.,
Schiebel, R., Fraile, I., Schulz, M., and Kucera, M.: Factors controlling the
depth habitat of planktonic foraminifera in the subtropical eastern North
Atlantic, Biogeosciences, 14, 827–859,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-827-2017, 2017. a
Salgueiro, E., Voelker, A., de Abreu, L., Abrantes, F., Meggers, H., and Wefer,
G.: Temperature and productivity changes off the western Iberian margin
during the last 150 ky, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 680–695,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.013, 2010a. a
Salgueiro, E., Voelker, A. H. L., de Abreu, L., Abrantes, F. F.,
Meggers, H., and Wefer, G.: Planktonic foraminiferal abundances, and sea
surface and export production reconstructions of sediment core SU92-03,
PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.743086, in Supplement to:
Salgueiro, E. et al. (2010): Temperature and productivity changes off the
western Iberian margin during the last 150 ky, Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
29, 680–695, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.013, 2010b. a
Sánchez Goñi, M. F., Landais, A., Fletcher, W. J., Naughton, F.,
Desprat, S., and Duprat, J.: Contrasting impacts of Dansgaard-Oeschger
events over a western European latitudinal transect modulated by orbital
parameters, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 27, 1136–1151,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.03.003,
2008. a, b
Seierstad, I. K., Abbott, P. M., Bigler, M., Blunier, T., Bourne, A. J., Brook,
E., Buchardt, S. L., Buizert, C., Clausen, H. B., Cook, E., Dahl-Jensen, D., Davies, S., Guillevic, M.,
Johnsen, S. J., Pedersen, D. S., Popp, T. J., Rasmussen, S. O., Severinghaus, J.,
Svensson, A., and Vinther, B. M.:
Consistently dated records from the Greenland GRIP, GISP2 and NGRIP
ice cores for the past 104 ka reveal regional millennial-scale δ18O
gradients with possible Heinrich event imprint, Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
106, 29–46, 2014. a, b
Sevellec, F. and Fedorov, A. V.: Unstable AMOC during glacial intervals and
millennial variability: The role of mean sea ice extent, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 429, 60–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.07.022, 2015. a
Spahni, R., Chappellaz, J., Stocker, T. F., Loulergue, L., Hausammann, G.,
Kawamura, K., Flückiger, J., Schwander, J., Raynaud, D., Masson-Delmotte,
V., and Jouzel, J.: Atmospheric Methane and Nitrous Oxide of the Late
Pleistocene from Antarctic Ice Cores, Science, 310, 1317–1321,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1120132, 2005. a
Svensson, A., Andersen, K. K., Bigler, M., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D.,
Davies, S. M., Johnsen, S. J., Muscheler, R., Parrenin, F., Rasmussen, S. O.,
Röthlisberger, R., Seierstad, I., Steffensen, J. P., and Vinther, B. M.: A 60 000 year Greenland stratigraphic ice core chronology, Clim. Past, 4, 47–57,
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-4-47-2008, 2008. a
Telford, R. J., Li, C., and Kucera, M.: Mismatch between the depth habitat of
planktonic foraminifera and the calibration depth of SST transfer functions
may bias reconstructions, Clim. Past, 9, 859–870,
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-859-2013, 2013. a, b
ter Braak, C. and Looman, C.: Weighted averaging, logistic regression and the
Gaussian response model, Vegetatio, 65, 3–11, 1986. a
ter Braak, C. J. F. and Prentice, I.: A theory of gradient analysis, Adv. Ecol.
Res., 18, 271–317, 1988. a
ter Braak, C. J. F. and van Dam, H.: Inferring pH from diatoms: a comparison
of old and new calibration methods, Hydrobiologia, 178, 209–223, 1989. a
Tziperman, E.: Inherently unstable climate behaviour due to weak thermohaline
ocean circulation, Nature, 386, 592–595, 1997. a
Ukita, J., Honda, M., Nakamura, H., Tachibana, Y., Cavalieri, D. J., Parkinson,
C. L., Koide, H., and Yamamoto, K.: Northern Hemisphere sea ice variability:
lag structure and its implications, Tellus A, 59, 261–272,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0870.2006.00223.x, 2007. a
van Kreveld, S., Sarnthein, M., Erlenkeuser, H., Grootes, P., Jung, S., Nadeau,
M. J., Pflaumann, U., and Voelker, A.: Potential links between surging ice
sheets, circulation changes, and the Dansgaard-Oeschger Cycles in the
Irminger Sea, 60–18 Kyr, Paleoceanography, 15, 425–442,
https://doi.org/10.1029/1999PA000464, 2000a. a
van Kreveld, S. A., Sarnthein, M., Erlenkeuser, H., Grootes, P. M.,
Jung, S. J. A., Pflaumann, U., and Voelker, A. H. L.: Foraminifera,
sedimentological parameters and sea surface temperature and salinity
calculated on core SO82_5-2, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.261313, in Supplement to: van
Kreveld, S. A. et al. (2000): Potential links between surging ice sheets,
circulation changes, and the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles in the Irminger Sea,
60–18 kyr, Paleoceanography, 15, 425–442,
https://doi.org/10.1029/1999PA000464, 2000b.
a
Van Meerbeeck, C. J., Renssen, H., and Roche, D. M.: How did Marine Isotope
Stage 3 and Last Glacial Maximum climates differ? – Perspectives from
equilibrium simulations, Clim. Past, 5, 33–51,
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-33-2009, 2009. a
Vettoretti, G. and Peltier, W. R.: Thermohaline instability and the formation
of glacial North Atlantic super polynyas at the onset of Dansgaard-Oeschger
warming events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 5336–5344, 2016GL068891, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068891, 2016. a
Voelker, A. H.: Global distribution of centennial-scale records for Marine
Isotope Stage (MIS) 3: a database, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 21,
1185–1212, 2002. a
Voelker, A. H. L.: Calendar Age based age model for core SU90-24, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.886728, 2018. a
Voelker, A. H. L. and de Abreu, L.: A Review of Abrupt Climate Change Events in
the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean (Iberian Margin): Latitudinal, Longitudinal,
and Vertical Gradients, American Geophysical Union, 15–37, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GM001021, 2013. a
Waelbroeck, C., Duplessy, J.-C., Michel, E., Labeyrie, L., Paillard, D., and
Duprat, J.: The timing of the last deglaciation in North Atlantic climate
records, Nature, 412, 724–727, 2001. a
Wary, M., Eynaud, F., Rossignol, L., Lapuyade, J., Gasparotto, M.-C., Londeix,
L., Malaizé, B., Castéra, M.-H., and Charlier, K.: Norwegian Sea
warm pulses during Dansgaard-Oeschger stadials: Zooming in on these
anomalies over the 35–41 ka cal BP interval and their impacts on proximal
European ice-sheet dynamics, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 151, 255–272,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.09.011, 2016. a
Weinelt, M., Rosell-Mele, A., Pflaumann, U., Sarnthein, M., and Kiefer, T.: Zur
Rolle der Produktivität im Nordostatlantik bei abrupten
Klimaänderungen in den letzten 80 000 Jahren (The role of productivity in
the Northeast Atlantic on abrupt climate change over the last 80 000 years),
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 154, 47–66, 2003. a, b
Zhang, X., Prange, M., Merkel, U., and Schulz, M.: Spatial fingerprint and
magnitude of changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
during marine isotope stage 3, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 1903–1911,
2014GL063003, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL063003, 2015. a
Short summary
We combine North Atlantic sea-surface temperature reconstructions and global climate model simulations to study rapid glacial climate shifts (30–40 000 years ago). Pre-industrial climate boosts similar, albeit weaker, sea-surface temperature variability as the glacial period. However, in order to reproduce most of the amplitude of this variability, and to see temperature variability in Greenland similar to the ice-core record, although with a smaller amplitude, we need forced simulations.
We combine North Atlantic sea-surface temperature reconstructions and global climate model...
