Articles | Volume 14, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1851-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1851-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
30 Nov 2018
Research article |
| 30 Nov 2018
| 30 Nov 2018
Sedproxy: a forward model for sediment-archived climate proxies
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Research Unit Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A45, 14473 Potsdam,
Germany
Thomas Laepple
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Research Unit Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A45, 14473 Potsdam,
Germany
Related authors
Mara Y. McPartland, Thomas Münch, Andrew M. Dolman, Raphaël Hébert, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-73, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-73, 2024
Preprint under review for CP
Short summary
Short summary
Paleoclimate proxy records contain a combination of climate signals and non-climatic noise. This noise can affect year-to-year variations, or introduce uncertainty on medium and long timescales. Proxies contain different types, or "colors" of noise stemming from the diverse physical and biological processes that go into their creation. We show how non-climatic noise affects tree rings, corals and ice cores. We aim to improve representations of noise in paleoclimate research activities.
Fyntan Shaw, Andrew M. Dolman, Torben Kunz, Vasileios Gkinis, and Thomas Laepple
The Cryosphere, 18, 3685–3698, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3685-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3685-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fast variability of water isotopes in ice cores is attenuated by diffusion but can be restored if the diffusion length is accurately estimated. Current estimation methods are inadequate for deep ice, mischaracterising millennial-scale climate variability. We address this using variability estimates from shallower ice. The estimated diffusion length of 31 cm for the bottom of the Dome C ice core is 20 cm less than the old method, enabling signal recovery on timescales previously considered lost.
Jean-Philippe Baudouin, Nils Weitzel, Maximilian May, Lukas Jonkers, Andrew M. Dolman, and Kira Rehfeld
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1387, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1387, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We explore past global temperatures, critical for climate change comprehension. We devise a method to test temperature reconstruction using climate simulations. Uncertainties, mainly from past temperature measurement methods and age determination, impact reconstructions over time. While more data enhances accuracy for long-term trends, high quality data are more important for short-term precision. Our study lays the groundwork for better reconstructions and suggests avenues for improvement.
Chenzhi Li, Alexander K. Postl, Thomas Böhmer, Xianyong Cao, Andrew M. Dolman, and Ulrike Herzschuh
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1331–1343, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1331-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1331-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present a global chronology framework of 2831 palynological records, including globally harmonized chronologies covering up to 273 000 years. A comparison with the original chronologies reveals a major improvement according to our assessment. Our chronology framework and revised chronologies will interest a broad geoscientific community, as it provides the opportunity to make use in synthesis studies of, for example, pollen-based vegetation and climate change.
Andrew M. Dolman, Torben Kunz, Jeroen Groeneveld, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 17, 825–841, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-825-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-825-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Uncertainties in climate proxy records are temporally autocorrelated. By deriving expressions for the power spectra of errors in proxy records, we can estimate appropriate uncertainties for any timescale, for example, for temporally smoothed records or for time slices. Here we outline and demonstrate this approach for climate proxies recovered from marine sediment cores.
Torben Kunz, Andrew M. Dolman, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 16, 1469–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1469-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1469-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces a method to estimate the uncertainty of climate reconstructions from single sediment proxy records. The method can compute uncertainties as a function of averaging timescale, thereby accounting for the fact that some components of the uncertainty are autocorrelated in time. This is achieved by treating the problem in the spectral domain. Fully analytic expressions are derived. A companion paper (Part 2) complements this with application-oriented examples of the method.
Bryan C. Lougheed, Philippa Ascough, Andrew M. Dolman, Ludvig Löwemark, and Brett Metcalfe
Geochronology, 2, 17–31, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-17-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-17-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The current geochronological state of the art for applying the radiocarbon (14C) method to deep-sea sediment archives lacks key information on sediment bioturbation, which could affect palaeoclimate interpretations made from deep-sea sediment. We use a computer model that simulates the 14C activity and bioturbation history of millions of single foraminifera at the sea floor, allowing us to evaluate the current state of the art at the most fundamental level.
Fyntan Shaw, Thomas Münch, Vasileios Gkinis, and Thomas Laepple
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3650, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3650, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Diffusion in combination with measurement noise erase high-frequency water isotope variability in ice cores, linking measurement precision to recoverable resolution. We derive expressions for this relationship, finding a resolution improvement of 1.5 times for a 10-fold measurement noise reduction. Based on the current age-depth model, our method predicts 10,000-year cycles will be recoverable in the 1.5 Myr old ice from the Oldest Ice Core δ18O record if a noise level of 0.01 ‰ is achieved.
Mara Y. McPartland, Thomas Münch, Andrew M. Dolman, Raphaël Hébert, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-73, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-73, 2024
Preprint under review for CP
Short summary
Short summary
Paleoclimate proxy records contain a combination of climate signals and non-climatic noise. This noise can affect year-to-year variations, or introduce uncertainty on medium and long timescales. Proxies contain different types, or "colors" of noise stemming from the diverse physical and biological processes that go into their creation. We show how non-climatic noise affects tree rings, corals and ice cores. We aim to improve representations of noise in paleoclimate research activities.
Fyntan Shaw, Andrew M. Dolman, Torben Kunz, Vasileios Gkinis, and Thomas Laepple
The Cryosphere, 18, 3685–3698, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3685-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3685-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fast variability of water isotopes in ice cores is attenuated by diffusion but can be restored if the diffusion length is accurately estimated. Current estimation methods are inadequate for deep ice, mischaracterising millennial-scale climate variability. We address this using variability estimates from shallower ice. The estimated diffusion length of 31 cm for the bottom of the Dome C ice core is 20 cm less than the old method, enabling signal recovery on timescales previously considered lost.
Rémi Dallmayr, Hannah Meyer, Vasileios Gkinis, Thomas Laepple, Melanie Behrens, Frank Wilhelms, and Maria Hörhold
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1807, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1807, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Statistical studies via extended arrays of vertical profiles have demonstrated improving the understanding of the formation, storage, and propagation of climatic signals in the snowpack. In order to cope with the large amount of analyzes needed, in this study we modify an analytical system (CFA) and analyze the resulting performances.
Jean-Philippe Baudouin, Nils Weitzel, Maximilian May, Lukas Jonkers, Andrew M. Dolman, and Kira Rehfeld
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1387, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1387, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We explore past global temperatures, critical for climate change comprehension. We devise a method to test temperature reconstruction using climate simulations. Uncertainties, mainly from past temperature measurement methods and age determination, impact reconstructions over time. While more data enhances accuracy for long-term trends, high quality data are more important for short-term precision. Our study lays the groundwork for better reconstructions and suggests avenues for improvement.
Alexandra M. Zuhr, Sonja Wahl, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Maria Hörhold, Hanno Meyer, Vasileios Gkinis, and Thomas Laepple
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1861–1874, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1861-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1861-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present stable water isotope data from the accumulation zone of the Greenland ice sheet. A spatial sampling scheme covering 39 m and three depth layers was carried out between 14 May and 3 August 2018. The data suggest spatial and temporal variability related to meteorological conditions, such as wind-driven snow redistribution and vapour–snow exchange processes. The data can be used to study the formation of the stable water isotopes signal, which is seen as a climate proxy.
Laura Schild, Peter Ewald, Chenzhi Li, Raphaël Hébert, Thomas Laepple, and Ulrike Herzschuh
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-486, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-486, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This study reconstructed past vegetation and forest cover from a global data set of pollen counts from sediment and peat cores. A model was applied to correct for differences in pollen production between different plants and modern remote-sensing forest cover was used to adjust the necessary correction factors and improve the reconstruction even further. Accurate data on past vegetation is invaluable for the investigation of vegetation-climate dynamics and the validation of vegetation models.
Nora Hirsch, Alexandra Zuhr, Thomas Münch, Maria Hörhold, Johannes Freitag, Remi Dallmayr, and Thomas Laepple
The Cryosphere, 17, 4207–4221, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4207-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4207-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Stable water isotopes from firn cores provide valuable information on past climates, yet their utility is hampered by stratigraphic noise, i.e. the irregular deposition and wind-driven redistribution of snow. We found stratigraphic noise on the Antarctic Plateau to be related to the local accumulation rate, snow surface roughness and slope inclination, which can guide future decisions on sampling locations and thus increase the resolution of climate reconstructions from low-accumulation areas.
Antoine Grisart, Mathieu Casado, Vasileios Gkinis, Bo Vinther, Philippe Naveau, Mathieu Vrac, Thomas Laepple, Bénédicte Minster, Frederic Prié, Barbara Stenni, Elise Fourré, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Jean Jouzel, Martin Werner, Katy Pol, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Maria Hoerhold, Trevor Popp, and Amaelle Landais
Clim. Past, 18, 2289–2301, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2289-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2289-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a compilation of high-resolution (11 cm) water isotopic records, including published and new measurements, for the last 800 000 years from the EPICA Dome C ice core, Antarctica. Using this new combined water isotopes (δ18O and δD) dataset, we study the variability and possible influence of diffusion at the multi-decadal to multi-centennial scale. We observe a stronger variability at the onset of the interglacial interval corresponding to a warm period.
Chenzhi Li, Alexander K. Postl, Thomas Böhmer, Xianyong Cao, Andrew M. Dolman, and Ulrike Herzschuh
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1331–1343, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1331-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1331-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present a global chronology framework of 2831 palynological records, including globally harmonized chronologies covering up to 273 000 years. A comparison with the original chronologies reveals a major improvement according to our assessment. Our chronology framework and revised chronologies will interest a broad geoscientific community, as it provides the opportunity to make use in synthesis studies of, for example, pollen-based vegetation and climate change.
Alexandra M. Zuhr, Thomas Münch, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Maria Hörhold, and Thomas Laepple
The Cryosphere, 15, 4873–4900, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4873-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4873-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Firn and ice cores are used to infer past temperatures. However, the imprint of the climatic signal in stable water isotopes is influenced by depositional modifications. We present and use a photogrammetry structure-from-motion approach and find variability in the amount, the timing, and the location of snowfall. Depositional modifications of the surface are observed, leading to mixing of snow from different snowfall events and spatial locations and thus creating noise in the proxy record.
Thomas Münch, Martin Werner, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 17, 1587–1605, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1587-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1587-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse Holocene climate model simulation data to find the locations of Antarctic ice cores which are best suited to reconstruct local- to regional-scale temperatures. We find that the spatial decorrelation scales of the temperature variations and of the noise from precipitation intermittency set an effective sampling length scale. Following this, a single core should be located at the
target site for the temperature reconstruction, and a second one optimally lies more than 500 km away.
Raphaël Hébert, Kira Rehfeld, and Thomas Laepple
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 28, 311–328, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-28-311-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-28-311-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Paleoclimate proxy data are essential for broadening our understanding of climate variability. There remain, however, challenges for traditional methods of variability analysis to be applied to such data, which are usually irregular. We perform a comparative analysis of different methods of scaling analysis, which provide variability estimates as a function of timescales, applied to irregular paleoclimate proxy data.
Andrew M. Dolman, Torben Kunz, Jeroen Groeneveld, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 17, 825–841, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-825-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-825-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Uncertainties in climate proxy records are temporally autocorrelated. By deriving expressions for the power spectra of errors in proxy records, we can estimate appropriate uncertainties for any timescale, for example, for temporally smoothed records or for time slices. Here we outline and demonstrate this approach for climate proxies recovered from marine sediment cores.
Mathieu Casado, Thomas Münch, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 16, 1581–1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1581-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1581-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The isotopic composition in ice cores from Antarctica is usually interpreted as a temperature proxy. Using a forward model, we show how different the signal in ice cores and the actual climatic signal are. Precipitation intermittency and diffusion do indeed affect the archived signal, leading to the reshuffling of the signal which limits the ability to reconstruct high-resolution climatic variations with ice cores.
Torben Kunz, Andrew M. Dolman, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 16, 1469–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1469-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1469-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces a method to estimate the uncertainty of climate reconstructions from single sediment proxy records. The method can compute uncertainties as a function of averaging timescale, thereby accounting for the fact that some components of the uncertainty are autocorrelated in time. This is achieved by treating the problem in the spectral domain. Fully analytic expressions are derived. A companion paper (Part 2) complements this with application-oriented examples of the method.
Bryan C. Lougheed, Philippa Ascough, Andrew M. Dolman, Ludvig Löwemark, and Brett Metcalfe
Geochronology, 2, 17–31, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-17-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-17-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The current geochronological state of the art for applying the radiocarbon (14C) method to deep-sea sediment archives lacks key information on sediment bioturbation, which could affect palaeoclimate interpretations made from deep-sea sediment. We use a computer model that simulates the 14C activity and bioturbation history of millions of single foraminifera at the sea floor, allowing us to evaluate the current state of the art at the most fundamental level.
Maria Reschke, Kira Rehfeld, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 15, 521–537, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-521-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-521-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We empirically estimate signal-to-noise ratios of temperature proxy records used in global compilations of the middle to late Holocene by comparing the spatial correlation structure of proxy records and climate model simulations accounting for noise and time uncertainty. We find that low signal contents of the proxy records or, alternatively, more localised climate variations recorded by proxies than suggested by current model simulations suggest caution when interpreting multi-proxy datasets.
Thomas Münch and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 14, 2053–2070, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-2053-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-2053-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Proxy data on climate variations contain noise from many sources and, for reliable estimates, we need to determine those temporal scales at which the climate signal in the proxy record dominates the noise. We developed a method to derive timescale-dependent estimates of temperature proxy signal-to-noise ratios, which we apply and discuss in the context of Antarctic ice-core records but which in general are applicable to a large set of palaeoclimate records.
Mathieu Casado, Amaelle Landais, Ghislain Picard, Thomas Münch, Thomas Laepple, Barbara Stenni, Giuliano Dreossi, Alexey Ekaykin, Laurent Arnaud, Christophe Genthon, Alexandra Touzeau, Valerie Masson-Delmotte, and Jean Jouzel
The Cryosphere, 12, 1745–1766, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1745-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1745-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Ice core isotopic records rely on the knowledge of the processes involved in the archival processes of the snow. In the East Antarctic Plateau, post-deposition processes strongly affect the signal found in the surface and buried snow compared to the initial climatic signal. We evaluate the different contributions to the surface snow isotopic composition between the precipitation and the exchanges with the atmosphere and the variability of the isotopic signal found in profiles from snow pits.
Thomas Laepple, Thomas Münch, Mathieu Casado, Maria Hoerhold, Amaelle Landais, and Sepp Kipfstuhl
The Cryosphere, 12, 169–187, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-169-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-169-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We explain why snow pits across different sites in East Antarctica show visually similar isotopic variations. We argue that the similarity and the apparent cycles of around 20 cm in the δD and δ18O variations are the result of a seasonal cycle in isotopes, noise, for example from precipitation intermittency, and diffusion. The near constancy of the diffusion length across many ice-coring sites explains why the structure and cycle length is largely independent of the accumulation conditions.
Thomas Münch, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Johannes Freitag, Hanno Meyer, and Thomas Laepple
The Cryosphere, 11, 2175–2188, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2175-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2175-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The importance of post-depositional changes for the temperature interpretation of water isotopes is poorly constrained by observations. Here, for the first time, temporal isotope changes in the open-porous firn are directly analysed using a large array of shallow isotope profiles. By this, we can reject the possibility of post-depositional change beyond diffusion and densification as the cause of the discrepancy between isotope and local temperature variations at Kohnen Station, East Antarctica.
Kira Rehfeld, Mathias Trachsel, Richard J. Telford, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 12, 2255–2270, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2255-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2255-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Indirect evidence on past climate comes from the former composition of ecological communities such as plants, preserved as pollen grains in sediments of lakes. Transfer functions convert relative counts of species to a climatologically meaningful scale (e.g. annual mean temperature in degrees C). We show that the fundamental assumptions in the algorithms impact the reconstruction results in he idealized model world, in particular if the reconstructed variables were not ecologically relevant.
Mathieu Casado, Amaelle Landais, Ghislain Picard, Thomas Münch, Thomas Laepple, Barbara Stenni, Giuliano Dreossi, Alexey Ekaykin, Laurent Arnaud, Christophe Genthon, Alexandra Touzeau, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, and Jean Jouzel
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2016-263, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2016-263, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Ice core isotopic records rely on the knowledge of the processes involved in the archival of the snow. In the East Antarctic Plateau, post-deposition processes strongly affect the signal found in the surface and buried snow compared to the initial climatic signal. We evaluate the different contributions to the surface snow isotopic composition between the precipitation and the exchanges with the atmosphere and the variability of the isotopic signal found in profiles from snow pits.
Thomas Münch, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Johannes Freitag, Hanno Meyer, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 12, 1565–1581, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1565-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1565-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Ice-core oxygen isotope ratios are a key climate archive to infer past temperatures, an interpretation however complicated by non-climatic noise. Based on 50 m firn trenches, we present for the first time a two-dimensional view (vertical × horizontal) of how oxygen isotopes are stored in Antarctic firn. A statistical noise model allows inferences for the validity of ice coring efforts to reconstruct past temperatures, highlighting the need of replicate cores for Holocene climate reconstructions.
Related subject area
Subject: Proxy Use-Development-Validation | Archive: Marine Archives | Timescale: Holocene
Glacial–interglacial seawater isotope change near the Chilean Margin as reflected by δ2H values of C37 alkenones
Upper-ocean temperature characteristics in the subantarctic southeastern Pacific based on biomarker reconstructions
Evaluation of the distributions of hydroxylated glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in Holocene Baltic Sea sediments for reconstruction of sea surface temperature: the effect of changing salinity
Technical Note: Past and future warming – direct comparison on multi-century timescales
Co-evolution of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem in the Holocene Baltic Sea
Holocene palaeoceanography of the Northeast Greenland shelf
A spectral approach to estimating the timescale-dependent uncertainty of paleoclimate records – Part 2: Application and interpretation
Evaluation of oxygen isotopes and trace elements in planktonic foraminifera from the Mediterranean Sea as recorders of seawater oxygen isotopes and salinity
A spectral approach to estimating the timescale-dependent uncertainty of paleoclimate records – Part 1: Theoretical concept
Can morphological features of coccolithophores serve as a reliable proxy to reconstruct environmental conditions of the past?
Evidence from giant-clam δ18O of intense El Ninõ–Southern Oscillation-related variability but reduced frequency 3700 years ago
Empirical estimate of the signal content of Holocene temperature proxy records
Tracing winter temperatures over the last two millennia using a north-east Atlantic coastal record
The 3.6 ka Aniakchak tephra in the Arctic Ocean: a constraint on the Holocene radiocarbon reservoir age in the Chukchi Sea
Sedimentary archives of climate and sea-level changes during the Holocene in the Rhône prodelta (NW Mediterranean Sea)
Holocene hydrological changes in the Rhône River (NW Mediterranean) as recorded in the marine mud belt
Technical note: Estimating unbiased transfer-function performances in spatially structured environments
Holocene climate variability in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lions)
Eastern Mediterranean Sea circulation inferred from the conditions of S1 sapropel deposition
Evidence for the non-influence of salinity variability on the Porites coral Sr/Ca palaeothermometer
Holocene sub-centennial evolution of Atlantic water inflow and sea ice distribution in the western Barents Sea
Long-term variations in Iceland–Scotland overflow strength during the Holocene
Seemingly divergent sea surface temperature proxy records in the central Mediterranean during the last deglaciation
Natural variability and anthropogenic effects in a Central Mediterranean core
The extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere temperature in the last two millennia: reconstructions of low-frequency variability
Tracking climate variability in the western Mediterranean during the Late Holocene: a multiproxy approach
Late Holocene climate variability in the southwestern Mediterranean region: an integrated marine and terrestrial geochemical approach
Holocene trends in the foraminifer record from the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean
Terrestrial climate variability and seasonality changes in the Mediterranean region between 15 000 and 4000 years BP deduced from marine pollen records
Katrin Hättig, Devika Varma, Stefan Schouten, and Marcel T. J. van der Meer
Clim. Past, 19, 1919–1930, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water isotopes, both hydrogen and oxygen, correlate with the salinity of the sea. Here we reconstruct the surface seawater isotopic composition during the last deglaciation based on the measured hydrogen isotopic composition of alkenones, organic compounds derived from haptophyte algae, and compared it to oxygen isotopes of calcite shells produced in the bottom water. Our results suggest that surface seawater experienced more freshening during the last 20 000 years than the bottom seawater.
Julia Rieke Hagemann, Lester Lembke-Jene, Frank Lamy, Maria-Elena Vorrath, Jérôme Kaiser, Juliane Müller, Helge W. Arz, Jens Hefter, Andrea Jaeschke, Nicoletta Ruggieri, and Ralf Tiedemann
Clim. Past, 19, 1825–1845, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1825-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1825-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Alkenones and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids (GDGTs) are common biomarkers for past water temperatures. In high latitudes, determining temperature reliably is challenging. We analyzed 33 Southern Ocean sediment surface samples and evaluated widely used global calibrations for both biomarkers. For GDGT-based temperatures, previously used calibrations best reflect temperatures >5° C; (sub)polar temperature bias necessitates a new calibration which better aligns with modern values.
Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, Lisa A. Warden, Carlo Berg, Klaus Jürgens, and Matthias Moros
Clim. Past, 18, 2271–2288, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2271-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2271-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Reconstruction of past climate conditions is important for understanding current climate change. These reconstructions are derived from proxies, enabling reconstructions of, e.g., past temperature, precipitation, vegetation, and sea surface temperature (SST). Here we investigate a recently developed SST proxy based on membrane lipids of ammonium-oxidizing archaea in the ocean. We show that low salinities substantially affect the proxy calibration by examining Holocene Baltic Sea sediments.
Darrell S. Kaufman and Nicholas P. McKay
Clim. Past, 18, 911–917, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-911-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-911-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Global mean surface temperatures are rising to levels unprecedented in over 100 000 years. This conclusion takes into account both recent global warming and likely future warming, which thereby enables a direct comparison with paleotemperature reconstructions on multi-century timescales.
Gabriella M. Weiss, Julie Lattaud, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, and Timothy I. Eglinton
Clim. Past, 18, 233–248, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-233-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-233-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we study the elemental signatures of plant wax compounds as well as molecules from algae and bacteria to understand how water sources changed over the last 11 000 years in the northeastern part of Europe surrounding the Baltic Sea. Our results show diversity in plant and aquatic microorganisms following the melting of the large ice sheet that covered northern Europe as the regional climate continued to warm. A shift in water source from ice melt to rain also occurred around the same time.
Teodora Pados-Dibattista, Christof Pearce, Henrieka Detlef, Jørgen Bendtsen, and Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz
Clim. Past, 18, 103–127, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-103-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-103-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out foraminiferal, stable isotope, and sedimentological analyses of a marine sediment core retrieved from the Northeast Greenland shelf. This region is highly sensitive to climate variability because it is swept by the East Greenland Current, which is the main pathway for sea ice and cold waters that exit the Arctic Ocean. The palaeoceanographic reconstruction reveals significant variations in the water masses and in the strength of the East Greenland Current over the last 9400 years.
Andrew M. Dolman, Torben Kunz, Jeroen Groeneveld, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 17, 825–841, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-825-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-825-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Uncertainties in climate proxy records are temporally autocorrelated. By deriving expressions for the power spectra of errors in proxy records, we can estimate appropriate uncertainties for any timescale, for example, for temporally smoothed records or for time slices. Here we outline and demonstrate this approach for climate proxies recovered from marine sediment cores.
Linda K. Dämmer, Lennart de Nooijer, Erik van Sebille, Jan G. Haak, and Gert-Jan Reichart
Clim. Past, 16, 2401–2414, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2401-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2401-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The compositions of foraminifera shells often vary with environmental parameters such as temperature or salinity; thus, they can be used as proxies for these environmental variables. Often a single proxy is influenced by more than one parameter. Here, we show that while salinity impacts shell Na / Ca, temperature has no effect. We also show that the combination of different proxies (Mg / Ca and δ18O) to reconstruct salinity does not seem to work as previously thought.
Torben Kunz, Andrew M. Dolman, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 16, 1469–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1469-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1469-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces a method to estimate the uncertainty of climate reconstructions from single sediment proxy records. The method can compute uncertainties as a function of averaging timescale, thereby accounting for the fact that some components of the uncertainty are autocorrelated in time. This is achieved by treating the problem in the spectral domain. Fully analytic expressions are derived. A companion paper (Part 2) complements this with application-oriented examples of the method.
Giulia Faucher, Ulf Riebesell, and Lennart Thomas Bach
Clim. Past, 16, 1007–1025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1007-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1007-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We designed five experiments choosing different coccolithophore species that have been evolutionarily distinct for millions of years. If all species showed the same morphological response to an environmental driver, this could be indicative of a response pattern that is conserved over geological timescales. We found an increase in the percentage of malformed coccoliths under altered CO2, providing evidence that this response could be used as paleo-proxy for episodes of acute CO2 perturbations.
Yue Hu, Xiaoming Sun, Hai Cheng, and Hong Yan
Clim. Past, 16, 597–610, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-597-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-597-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Tridacna, as the largest marine bivalves, can be used for high-resolution paleoclimate reconstruction in its carbonate skeleton. In this contribution, the modern δ18O shell is suggested to be a proxy for sea surface temperature in the Xisha Islands, South China Sea. Data from a fossil Tridacna (3673 ± 28 BP) indicate a warmer climate and intense ENSO-related variability but reduced ENSO frequency and more extreme El Niño winters compared to modern Tridacna.
Maria Reschke, Kira Rehfeld, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 15, 521–537, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-521-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-521-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We empirically estimate signal-to-noise ratios of temperature proxy records used in global compilations of the middle to late Holocene by comparing the spatial correlation structure of proxy records and climate model simulations accounting for noise and time uncertainty. We find that low signal contents of the proxy records or, alternatively, more localised climate variations recorded by proxies than suggested by current model simulations suggest caution when interpreting multi-proxy datasets.
Irina Polovodova Asteman, Helena L. Filipsson, and Kjell Nordberg
Clim. Past, 14, 1097–1118, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1097-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1097-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present 2500 years of winter temperatures, using a sediment record from Gullmar Fjord analyzed for stable oxygen isotopes in benthic foraminifera. Reconstructed temperatures are within the annual temperature variability recorded in the fjord since the 1890s. Results show the warm Roman and Medieval periods and the cold Little Ice Age. The record also shows the recent warming, which does not stand out in the 2500-year perspective and is comparable to the Roman and Medieval climate anomalies.
Christof Pearce, Aron Varhelyi, Stefan Wastegård, Francesco Muschitiello, Natalia Barrientos, Matt O'Regan, Thomas M. Cronin, Laura Gemery, Igor Semiletov, Jan Backman, and Martin Jakobsson
Clim. Past, 13, 303–316, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-303-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-303-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The eruption of the Alaskan Aniakchak volcano of 3.6 thousand years ago was one of the largest Holocene eruptions worldwide. The resulting ash is found in several Alaskan sites and as far as Newfoundland and Greenland. In this study, we found ash from the Aniakchak eruption in a marine sediment core from the western Chukchi Sea in the Arctic Ocean. Combined with radiocarbon dates on mollusks, the volcanic age marker is used to calculate the marine radiocarbon reservoir age at that time.
Anne-Sophie Fanget, Maria-Angela Bassetti, Christophe Fontanier, Alina Tudryn, and Serge Berné
Clim. Past, 12, 2161–2179, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2161-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2161-2016, 2016
Maria-Angela Bassetti, Serge Berné, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Bernard Dennielou, Yoann Alonso, Roselyne Buscail, Bassem Jalali, Bertil Hebert, and Christophe Menniti
Clim. Past, 12, 1539–1553, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1539-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1539-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This work represents the first attempt to decipher the linkages between rapid climate changes and continental Holocene paleohydrology in the NW Mediterranean shallow marine setting. Between 11 and 4 ka cal BP, terrigenous input increased and reached a maximum at 7 ka cal BP, probably as a result of a humid phase. From ca. 4 ka cal BP to the present, enhanced variability in the land-derived material is possibly due to large-scale atmospheric circulation and rainfall patterns in western Europe.
Mathias Trachsel and Richard J. Telford
Clim. Past, 12, 1215–1223, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1215-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1215-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In spatially structured environments, conventional cross validation results in over-optimistic transfer function performance estimates. H-block cross validation, where all samples within h kilometres of the test samples are omitted is a method for obtaining unbiased transfer function performance estimates. We assess three methods for determining the optimal h using simulated data and published transfer functions. Some transfer functions perform notably worse when h-block cross validation is used.
B. Jalali, M.-A. Sicre, M.-A. Bassetti, and N. Kallel
Clim. Past, 12, 91–101, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-91-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-91-2016, 2016
K. Tachikawa, L. Vidal, M. Cornuault, M. Garcia, A. Pothin, C. Sonzogni, E. Bard, G. Menot, and M. Revel
Clim. Past, 11, 855–867, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-855-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-855-2015, 2015
M. Moreau, T. Corrège, E. P. Dassié, and F. Le Cornec
Clim. Past, 11, 523–532, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-523-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-523-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The influence of salinity on the Porites Sr/Ca palaeothermometer is still poorly documented. We test the salinity effect on Porites Sr/Ca-based SST reconstructions using a large spatial compilation of published Porites data from the Pacific, Indian Ocean, and the Red Sea. We find no evidence of a salinity bias in the Sr/Ca SST proxy at monthly and interannual timescales using two different salinity products. This result is in agreement with laboratory experiments on coral species.
S. M. P. Berben, K. Husum, P. Cabedo-Sanz, and S. T. Belt
Clim. Past, 10, 181–198, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-181-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-181-2014, 2014
D. J. R. Thornalley, M. Blaschek, F. J. Davies, S. Praetorius, D. W. Oppo, J. F. McManus, I. R. Hall, H. Kleiven, H. Renssen, and I. N. McCave
Clim. Past, 9, 2073–2084, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2073-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2073-2013, 2013
M.-A. Sicre, G. Siani, D. Genty, N. Kallel, and L. Essallami
Clim. Past, 9, 1375–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1375-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1375-2013, 2013
S. Alessio, G. Vivaldo, C. Taricco, and M. Ghil
Clim. Past, 8, 831–839, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-831-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-831-2012, 2012
B. Christiansen and F. C. Ljungqvist
Clim. Past, 8, 765–786, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-765-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-765-2012, 2012
V. Nieto-Moreno, F. Martínez-Ruiz, S. Giralt, F. Jiménez-Espejo, D. Gallego-Torres, M. Rodrigo-Gámiz, J. García-Orellana, M. Ortega-Huertas, and G. J. de Lange
Clim. Past, 7, 1395–1414, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1395-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1395-2011, 2011
C. Martín-Puertas, F. Jiménez-Espejo, F. Martínez-Ruiz, V. Nieto-Moreno, M. Rodrigo, M. P. Mata, and B. L. Valero-Garcés
Clim. Past, 6, 807–816, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-807-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-807-2010, 2010
C. Andersson, F. S. R. Pausata, E. Jansen, B. Risebrobakken, and R. J. Telford
Clim. Past, 6, 179–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-179-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-179-2010, 2010
I. Dormoy, O. Peyron, N. Combourieu Nebout, S. Goring, U. Kotthoff, M. Magny, and J. Pross
Clim. Past, 5, 615–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-615-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-615-2009, 2009
Cited articles
Anand, P., Elderfield, H., and Conte, M. H.: Calibration of Mg/Ca
Thermometry in Planktonic Foraminifera from a Sediment Trap Time Series,
Paleoceanography, 18, 1050, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000846, 2003. a, b, c
Barker, S., Greaves, M., and Elderfield, H.: A Study of Cleaning Procedures
Used for Foraminiferal Mg∕Ca Paleothermometry, Geochem.
Geophy. Geosy., 4, 8407, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GC000559, 2003. a
Barker, S., Cacho, I., Benway, H., and Tachikawa, K.: Planktonic Foraminiferal
Mg∕Ca as a Proxy for Past Oceanic Temperatures: A Methodological
Overview and Data Compilation for the Last Glacial Maximum, Quaternary
Sci. Rev., 24, 821–834, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.07.016, 2005. a
Barker, S., Broecker, W., Clark, E., and Hajdas, I.: Radiocarbon Age Offsets of
Foraminifera Resulting from Differential Dissolution and Fragmentation within
the Sedimentary Bioturbated Zone, Paleoceanography, 22, PA2205,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006PA001354, 2007. a
Benthien, A. and Müller, P. J.: Anomalously Low Alkenone Temperatures Caused
by Lateral Particle and Sediment Transport in the Malvinas Current
Region, Western Argentine Basin, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 47, 2369–2393 2000. a
Bijma, J., Erez, J., and Hemleben, C.: Lunar and Semi-Lunar Reproductive Cycles
in Some Spinose Planktonic Foraminifers, J. Foramin. Res.,
20, 117–127, 1990. a
Black, D. E., Abahazi, M. A., Thunell, R. C., Kaplan, A., Tappa, E. J., and
Peterson, L. C.: An 8-Century Tropical Atlantic SST Record from the
Cariaco Basin: Baseline Variability, Twentieth-Century Warming, and
Atlantic Hurricane Frequency, Paleoceanography, 22, PA4204,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001427, 2007. a
Boudreau, B. P.: Mean Mixed Depth of Sediments: The Wherefore and the Why,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 43, 524–526, 1998. a
Cisneros, M., Cacho, I., Frigola, J., Canals, M., Masqué, P., Martrat, B.,
Casado, M., Grimalt, J. O., Pena, L. D., Margaritelli, G., and Lirer, F.: Sea
Surface Temperature Variability in the Central-Western Mediterranean Sea
during the Last 2700 Years: A Multi-Proxy and Multi-Record Approach, Clim. Past, 12, 849–869, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-849-2016, 2016. a
Conte, M. H., Thompson, A., Lesley, D., and Harris, R. P.: Genetic and
Physiological Influences on the Alkenone/Alkenoate versus Growth Temperature
Relationship in Emiliania Huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa Oceanica,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 62, 51–68, 1998. a
Conte, M. H., Sicre, M.-A., Rühlemann, C., Weber, J. C., Schulte, S.,
Schulz-Bull, D., and Blanz, T.: Global Temperature Calibration of the
Alkenone Unsaturation Index (UK′37) in Surface Waters and Comparison
with Surface Sediments, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 7, Q02005,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001054, 2006. a
Dee, S., Emile-Geay, J., Evans, M. N., Allam, A., Steig, E. J., and Thompson,
D.: PRYSM: An Open-Source Framework for PRoxY System Modeling,
with Applications to Oxygen-Isotope Systems, J. Adv. Model.
Earth Sy., 7, 1220–1247, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015MS000447, 2015. a
DeLong, K. L., Quinn, T. M., Taylor, F. W., Shen, C.-C., and Lin, K.: Improving
Coral-Base Paleoclimate Reconstructions by Replicating 350 Years of Coral
Sr/Ca Variations, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl.,
373, 6–24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.08.019, 2013. a
Dolman, A. M. and Laepple, T.: EarthSystemDiagnostics/sedproxy: Code for CoTP
sedproxy paper, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1494978, 2018.
Douglass, A. E.: Climatic Cycles and Tree-Growth, Carnegie
Institution of Washington, Washington, 1919. a
Dueñas-Bohórquez, A., da Rocha, R. E., Kuroyanagi, A., de Nooijer,
L. J., Bijma, J., and Reichart, G.-J.: Interindividual Variability and
Ontogenetic Effects on Mg and Sr Incorporation in the Planktonic
Foraminifer Globigerinoides Sacculifer, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac.,
75, 520–532, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.006, 2011. a
Duplessy, J. C., Lalou, C., and Vinot, A. C.: Differential Isotopic
Fractionation in Benthic Foraminifera and Paleotemperatures
Reassessed, Science, 168, 250–251, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.168.3928.250,
1970. a
Elderfield, H. and Ganssen, G.: Past Temperature and
Δ18O of Surface Ocean Waters Inferred from
Foraminiferal Mg∕Ca Ratios, Nature, 405, 442–445,
https://doi.org/10.1038/35013033, 2000. a
Evans, M. N., Tolwinski-Ward, S. E., Thompson, D. M., and Anchukaitis, K. J.:
Applications of Proxy System Modeling in High Resolution Paleoclimatology,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 76, 16–28,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.05.024, 2013. a, b
Fairbanks, R. G. and Wiebe, P. H.: Foraminifera and Chlorophyll Maximum:
Vertical Distribution, Seasonal Succession, and Paleoceanographic
Significance, Science, 209, 1524–1526,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.209.4464.1524, 1980. a
Fraile, I., Schulz, M., Mulitza, S., and Kucera, M.: Predicting the global
distribution of planktonic foraminifera using a dynamic ecosystem model,
Biogeosciences, 5, 891–911, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-891-2008, 2008. a, b, c
Fraile, I., Mulitza, S., and Schulz, M.: Modeling Planktonic Foraminiferal
Seasonality: Implications for Sea-Surface Temperature Reconstructions,
Mar. Micropaleontol., 72, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2009.01.003,
2009. a
Ganssen, G. M., Peeters, F. J. C., Metcalfe, B., Anand, P., Jung, S. J. A.,
Kroon, D., and Brummer, G.-J. A.: Quantifying Sea Surface Temperature Ranges
of the Arabian Sea for the Past 20 000 Years, Clim. Past, 7,
1337–1349, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1337-2011, 2011. a
Goreau, T. J.: Frequency Sensitivity of the Deep-Sea Climatic Record, Nature,
287, 620, https://doi.org/10.1038/287620a0, 1980. a, b, c
Greaves, M., Caillon, N., Rebaubier, H., Bartoli, G., Bohaty, S., Cacho, I.,
Clarke, L., Cooper, M., Daunt, C., Delaney, M., deMenocal, P., Dutton, A.,
Eggins, S., Elderfield, H., Garbe-Schoenberg, D., Goddard, E., Green, D.,
Groeneveld, J., Hastings, D., Hathorne, E., Kimoto, K., Klinkhammer, G.,
Labeyrie, L., Lea, D. W., Marchitto, T., Martínez-Botí, M. A., Mortyn,
P. G., Ni, Y., Nuernberg, D., Paradis, G., Pena, L., Quinn, T., Rosenthal,
Y., Russell, A., Sagawa, T., Sosdian, S., Stott, L., Tachikawa, K., Tappa,
E., Thunell, R., and Wilson, P. A.: Interlaboratory Comparison Study of
Calibration Standards for Foraminiferal Mg∕Ca Thermometry,
Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 9, 1–27, 2008. a, b
Groeneveld, J., Hathorne, E., Steinke, S., DeBey, H., Mackensen, A., and
Tiedemann, R.: Glacial Induced Closure of the Panamanian Gateway during
Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 95–100 (∼2.5 Ma),
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 404, 296–306,2014. a
Guinasso, N. L. G. and Schink, D. R.: Quantitative Estimates of
Biological Mixing Rates in Abyssal Sediments, J. Geophys.
Res., 80, 3032–3043, https://doi.org/197510.1029/JC080i021p03032, 1975. a
Haarmann, T., Hathorne, E. C., Mohtadi, M., Groeneveld, J., Kölling, M., and
Bickert, T.: Mg/Ca Ratios of Single Planktonic Foraminifer Shells and the
Potential to Reconstruct the Thermal Seasonality of the Water Column,
Paleoceanography, 26, PA3218, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010PA002091, 2011. a, b
Ho, S. L. and Laepple, T.: Flat Meridional Temperature Gradient in the Early
Eocene in the Subsurface Rather than Surface Ocean, Nat. Geosci., 9,
606–610, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2763, 2016. a
Hoefs, M. J. L., Versteegh, G. J. M., Rijpstra, W. I. C., de Leeuw, J. W., and
Damsté, J. S. S.: Postdepositional Oxic Degradation of Alkenones:
Implications for the Measurement of Palaeo Sea Surface Temperatures,
Paleoceanography, 13, 42–49, https://doi.org/199810.1029/97PA02893, 1998. a
Hönisch, B., Allen, K. A., Lea, D. W., Spero, H. J., Eggins, S. M.,
Arbuszewski, J., deMenocal, P., Rosenthal, Y., Russell, A. D., and
Elderfield, H.: The Influence of Salinity on Mg∕Ca in Planktic
Foraminifers – Evidence from Cultures, Core-Top Sediments and
Complementary δ18O, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 121,
196–213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.07.028, 2013. a
Jonkers, L. and Kučera, M.: Global Analysis of Seasonality in the Shell
Flux of Extant Planktonic Foraminifera, Biogeosciences, 12, 2207–2226,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2207-2015, 2015. a, b
Jonkers, L. and Kučera, M.: Quantifying the Effect of Seasonal and
Vertical Habitat Tracking on Planktonic Foraminifera Proxies, Clim.
Past, 13, 573–586, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-573-2017, 2017. a, b
Killingley, J. S., Johnson, R. F., and Berger, W. H.: Oxygen and Carbon
Isotopes of Individual Shells of Planktonic Foraminifera from
Ontong-Java Plateau, Equatorial Pacific, Palaeogeogr.
Palaeocl., 33, 193–204,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(81)90038-9, 1981. a, b
Kim, J.-H., Huguet, C., Zonneveld, K. A., Versteegh, G. J., Roeder, W.,
Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., and Schouten, S.: An Experimental Field Study to
Test the Stability of Lipids Used for the TEX86 and Palaeothermometers,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 73, 2888–2898,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.02.030, 2009. a
Klein, F. and Goosse, H.: Reconstructing East African Rainfall and Indian
Ocean Sea Surface Temperatures over the Last Centuries Using Data
Assimilation, Clim. Dynam., 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3853-0,
2017. a
Klein, F. and Goosse, H.: Reconstructing East African rainfall and Indian
mOcean sea surface temperatures over the last centuries using data
assimilation, Clim. Dynam., 50, 3909–3929, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3853-0,
2018.
Koutavas, A. and Joanides, S.: El Niño-Southern Oscillation
Extrema in the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum, Paleoceanography,
27, PA4208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012PA002378, 2012. a
Kretschmer, K., Jonkers, L., Kucera, M., and Schulz, M.: Modeling seasonal
and vertical habitats of planktonic foraminifera on a global scale,
Biogeosciences, 15, 4405–4429, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4405-2018,
2018. a
Laepple, T. and Huybers, P.: Ocean Surface Temperature Variability: Large
Model-Data Differences at Decadal and Longer Periods, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 16682–16687,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1412077111, 2014. a
Liu, Z., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., He, F., Brady, E. C., Tomas, R., Clark, P. U.,
Carlson, A. E., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Curry, W., Brook, E., Erickson, D.,
Jacob, R., Kutzbach, J., and Cheng, J.: Transient Simulation of Last
Deglaciation with a New Mechanism for Bølling-Allerød
Warming, Science, 325, 310–314, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1171041, 2009. a
Liu, Z., Zhu, J., Rosenthal, Y., Zhang, X., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Timmermann,
A., Smith, R. S., Lohmann, G., Zheng, W., and Timm, O. E.: The Holocene
Temperature Conundrum, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111,
E3501–E3505, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1407229111, 2014. a
Lohmann, G., Pfeiffer, M., Laepple, T., Leduc, G., and Kim, J.-H.: A
Model-Data Comparison of the Holocene Global Sea Surface
Temperature Evolution, Clim. Past, 9, 1807–1839,
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1807-2013, 2013. a, b
Lombard, F., Labeyrie, L., Michel, E., Bopp, L., Cortijo, E., Retailleau, S.,
Howa, H., and Jorissen, F.: Modelling Planktic Foraminifer Growth and
Distribution Using an Ecophysiological Multi-Species Approach,
Biogeosciences, 8, 853–873, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-853-2011, 2011. a
Lougheed, B. C., Metcalfe, B., Ninnemann, U. S., and Wacker, L.: Moving
beyond the age-depth model paradigm in deep-sea palaeoclimate archives: dual
radiocarbon and stable isotope analysis on single foraminifera, Clim. Past,
14, 515–526, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-515-2018, 2018. a
Matisoff, G.: Mathematical Models of Bioturbation, in: Animal-Sediment
Relations: The Biogenic Alteration of Sediments, edited by: McCall, P. L. and
Tevesz, M. J. S., Springer, New York, 289–330, 1982. a
Mekik, F., François, R., and Soon, M.: A Novel Approach to Dissolution
Correction of Mg∕Ca Based Paleothermometry in the
Tropical Pacific, Paleoceanography, 22, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001504, 2007. a, b
Mollenhauer, G., Eglinton, T. I., Ohkouchi, N., Schneider, R. R., Müller,
P. J., Grootes, P. M., and Rullkötter, J.: Asynchronous Alkenone and
Foraminifera Records from the Benguela Upwelling System, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Ac., 67, 2157–2171, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00168-6, 2003. a
Müller, P. J., Kirst, G., Ruhland, G., von Storch, I., and Rosell-Melé,
A.: Calibration of the Alkenone Paleotemperature Index U37K′ Based on
Core-Tops from the Eastern South Atlantic and the Global Ocean (60∘ N–60∘ S), Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 62, 1757–1772,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00097-0, 1998. a
Münch, T., Kipfstuhl, S., Freitag, J., Meyer, H., and Laepple, T.: Regional
Climate Signal vs. Local Noise: A Two-Dimensional View of Water Isotopes in
Antarctic Firn at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud Land, Clim. Past,
12, 1565–1581, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1565-2016, 2016. a
Münch, T., Kipfstuhl, S., Freitag, J., Meyer, H., and Laepple, T.:
Constraints on Post-Depositional Isotope Modifications in East Antarctic
Firn from Analysing Temporal Changes of Isotope Profiles, The Cryosphere, 11,
2175–2188, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2175-2017, 2017. a
Nürnberg, D., Bijma, J., and Hemleben, C.: Assessing the Reliability of
Magnesium in Foraminiferal Calcite as a Proxy for Water Mass Temperatures,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 60, 803–814,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00446-7, 1996. a, b
Prahl, F. G. and Wakeham, S. G.: Calibration of Unsaturation Patterns in
Long-Chain Ketone Compositions for Palaeotemperature Assessment, Nature, 330,
367, https://doi.org/10.1038/330367a0, 1987. a
R Core Team: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical
Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2017. a
Roche, D. M., Waelbroeck, C., Metcalfe, B., and Caley, T.: FAME (v1.0): a
simple module to simulate the effect of planktonic foraminifer
species-specific habitat on their oxygen isotopic content, Geosci. Model
Dev., 11, 3587–3603, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3587-2018, 2018. a, b, c
Rosell-Melé, A., Bard, E., Emeis, K.-C., Grimalt, J. O., Müller, P.,
Schneider, R., Bouloubassi, I., Epstein, B., Fahl, K., Fluegge, A., Freeman,
K., Goñi, M., Güntner, U., Hartz, D., Hellebust, S., Herbert, T.,
Ikehara, M., Ishiwatari, R., Kawamura, K., Kenig, F., de Leeuw, J., Lehman,
S., Mejanelle, L., Ohkouchi, N., Pancost, R. D., Pelejero, C., Prahl, F.,
Quinn, J., Rontani, J.-F., Rostek, F., Rullkotter, J., Sachs, J., Blanz, T.,
Sawada, K., Schulz-Bull, D., Sikes, E., Sonzogni, C., Ternois, Y.,
Versteegh, G., Volkman, J., and Wakeham, S.: Precision of the Current Methods
to Measure the Alkenone Proxy UK′37 and Absolute Alkenone Abundance in
Sediments: Results of an Interlaboratory Comparison Study, Geochem.
Geophy. Geosy., 2, 2000GC0, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GC000141, 2001. a
Rosenthal, Y. and Lohmann, G. P.: Accurate Estimation of Sea Surface
Temperatures Using Dissolution-Corrected Calibrations for
Mg∕Ca
Paleothermometry, Paleoceanography, 17, 1044, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001PA000749,
2002. a, b
Rosenthal, Y., Oppo, D. W., and Linsley, B. K.: The Amplitude and Phasing of
Climate Change during the Last Deglaciation in the Sulu Sea, Western
Equatorial Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1428,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016612, 2003. a, b, c, d
Sadekov, A., Eggins, S. M., De Deckker, P., and Kroon, D.: Uncertainties in
Seawater Thermometry Deriving from Intratest and Intertest
Mg∕Ca
Variability in Globigerinoides Ruber: Uncertainties
Mg∕Ca Seawater Thermometry, Paleoceanography, 23, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001452, 2008. a, b, c
Sadler, P. M.: The Influence of Hiatuses on Sediment Accumulation Rates,
GeoResearch Forum, 5, 15–40, 1999. a
Schiffelbein, P. and Hills, S.: Direct Assessment of Stable Isotope Variability
in Planktonic Foraminifera Populations, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 48, 197–213, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(84)90044-0, 1984. a, b, c, d
Schneider, B., Leduc, G., and Park, W.: Disentangling Seasonal Signals in
Holocene Climate Trends by Satellite-Model-Proxy Integration,
Paleoceanography, 25, PA4217, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001893, 2010. a, b
Scussolini, P. and Peeters, F. J. C.: A Record of the Last 460 Thousand Years
of Upper Ocean Stratification from the Central Walvis Ridge, South
Atlantic, Paleoceanography, 28, 426–439, https://doi.org/10.1002/palo.20041, 2013. a
Scussolini, P., van Sebille, E., and Durgadoo, J. V.: Paleo Agulhas Rings
Enter the Subtropical Gyre during the Penultimate Deglaciation, Clim. Past, 9, 2631–2639, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2631-2013, 2013. a, b, c, d
Scussolini, P., Marino, G., Brummer, G.-J. A., and Peeters, F. J. C.: Saline
Indian Ocean Waters Invaded the South Atlantic Thermocline during
Glacial Termination II, Geology, 43, 139–142, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36238.1,
2015. a
Shakun, J. D., Clark, P. U., He, F., Marcott, S. A., Mix, A. C., Liu, Z.,
Otto-Bliesner, B., Schmittner, A., and Bard, E.: Global Warming Preceded by
Increasing Carbon Dioxide Concentrations during the Last Deglaciation,
Nature, 484, 49–54, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10915, 2012. a
Skinner, L. C. and Elderfield, H.: Constraining Ecological and Biological Bias
in Planktonic Foraminiferal Mg∕Ca and δ18Occ: A
Multispecies Approach to Proxy Calibration Testing, Paleoceanography, 20,
PA1015, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001058, 2005. a
Smerdon, J. E., Kaplan, A., Zorita, E., González-Rouco, J. F., and Evans,
M. N.: Spatial Performance of Four Climate Field Reconstruction Methods
Targeting the Common Era, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L11705,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047372, 2011. a
Smith, J., Quinn, T., Helmle, K., and Halley, R.: Reproducibility of
Geochemical and Climatic Signals in the Atlantic Coral Montastraea
Faveolata, Paleoceanography, 21, 1–18, 2006. a
Sommerfield, C. K.: On Sediment Accumulation Rates and Stratigraphic
Completeness: Lessons from Holocene Ocean Margins, Cont. Shelf
Res., 26, 2225–2240, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.07.015, 2006. a
Spero, H. J.: Life History and Stable Isotope Geochemistry of
Planktonic Foraminifera, Paleontological Society Papers, 4, 7–36,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1089332600000383, 1998. a
Steiner, Z., Lazar, B., Levi, S., Tsroya, S., Pelled, O., Bookman, R., and
Erez, J.: The Effect of Bioturbation in Pelagic Sediments: Lessons from
Radioactive Tracers and Planktonic Foraminifera in the Gulf of Aqaba,
Red Sea, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 194, 139–152,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.08.037, 2016. a
Teal, L., Bulling, M., Parker, E., and Solan, M.: Global Patterns of
Bioturbation Intensity and Mixed Depth of Marine Soft Sediments, Aquat.
Biol., 2, 207–218, https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00052, 2010. a
Thirumalai, K., Partin, J. W., Jackson, C. S., and Quinn, T. M.: Statistical
Constraints on El Niño Southern Oscillation Reconstructions Using
Individual Foraminifera: A Sensitivity Analysis, Paleoceanography, 28,
401–412, https://doi.org/10.1002/palo.20037, 2013. a, b
Tingley, M. P. and Huybers, P.: A Bayesian Algorithm for Reconstructing
Climate Anomalies in Space and Time. Part I: Development
and Applications to Paleoclimate Reconstruction Problems, J.
Clim., 23, 2759–2781, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI3015.1, 2009. a
Trauth, M. H., Sarnthein, M., and Arnold, M.: Bioturbational Mixing Depth and
Carbon Flux at the Seafloor, Paleoceanography, 12, 517–526,
https://doi.org/10.1029/97PA00722, 1997. a, b
Uitz, J., Claustre, H., Gentili, B., and Stramski, D.: Phytoplankton
Class-Specific Primary Production in the World's Oceans: Seasonal and
Interannual Variability from Satellite Observations, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 24, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GB003680, 2010. a
van Sebille, E., Scussolini, P., Durgadoo, J. V., Peeters, F. J. C.,
Biastoch, A., Weijer, W., Turney, C., Paris, C. B., and Zahn, R.: Ocean
Currents Generate Large Footprints in Marine Palaeoclimate Proxies, Nat.
Commun., 6, 6521, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7521, 2015. a
Wacker, L., Bonani, G., Friedrich, M., Hajdas, I., Kromer, B., Nemec, N., Ruff,
M., Suter, M., Synal, H.-A., and Vockenhuber, C.: MICADAS: Routine
and High-Precision Radiocarbon Dating, Radiocarbon, 52, 252–262,
2010. a
Weldeab, S., Schneider, R. R., and Müller, P.: Comparison of Mg/Ca-
and Alkenone-Based Sea Surface Temperature Estimates in the Fresh
Water-Influenced Gulf of Guinea, Eastern Equatorial
Atlantic, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 8, Q05P22,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GC001360, 2007. a
Wickham, H.: Ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis,
Springer-Verlag New York, 2009. a
Wit, J. C., Reichart, G.-J., A Jung, S. J., and Kroon, D.: Approaches to
Unravel Seasonality in Sea Surface Temperatures Using Paired Single-Specimen
Foraminiferal δ18O and Mg∕Ca Analyses, Paleoceanography,
25, PA4220, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001857, 2010.
a
Wörmer, L., Elvert, M., Fuchser, J., Lipp, J. S., Buttigieg, P. L., Zabel,
M., and Hinrichs, K.-U.: Ultra-High-Resolution Paleoenvironmental Records via
Direct Laser-Based Analysis of Lipid Biomarkers in Sediment Core Samples,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 15669–15674,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1405237111, 2014. a
Zachos, J., Pagani, M., Sloan, L., Thomas, E., and Billups, K.: Trends,
Rhythms, and Aberrations in Global Climate 65 Ma to
Present, Science, 292, 686–693, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1059412, 2001. a
Zonneveld, K. A., Bockelmann, F., and Holzwarth, U.: Selective Preservation of
Organic-Walled Dinoflagellate Cysts as a Tool to Quantify Past Net Primary
Production and Bottom Water Oxygen Concentrations, Mar. Geol., 237,
109–126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2006.10.023, 2007. a
Short summary
Climate proxies from marine sediments provide an important record of past temperatures, but contain noise from many sources. These include mixing by burrowing organisms, seasonal and habitat biases, measurement error, and small sample size effects. We have created a forward model that simulates the creation of proxy records and provides it as a user-friendly R package. It allows multiple sources of uncertainty to be considered together when interpreting proxy climate records.
Climate proxies from marine sediments provide an important record of past temperatures, but...
