Articles | Volume 13, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-93-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-93-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Temperature variability in the Iberian Range since 1602 inferred from tree-ring records
University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza,
Spain
Environmental Sciences Institute of the University of
Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University,
55099 Mainz, Germany
Miguel Ángel Saz
University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza,
Spain
Environmental Sciences Institute of the University of
Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
José María Cuadrat
University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza,
Spain
Environmental Sciences Institute of the University of
Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
Jan Esper
Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University,
55099 Mainz, Germany
Martín de Luis
University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza,
Spain
Environmental Sciences Institute of the University of
Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
Related authors
Ernesto Tejedor, Martín de Luis, Mariano Barriendos, José María Cuadrat, Jürg Luterbacher, and Miguel Ángel Saz
Clim. Past, 15, 1647–1664, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1647-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1647-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new dataset of historical documents by compiling records (rogation ceremonies) from 13 cities in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula (IP). These records were transformed into quantitative continuous data to develop drought indices (DIs). We regionalized them by creating three DIs (Ebro Valle, Mediterranean, and Mountain), which cover the period from 1650 to 1899 CE. We identified extreme drought years and periods which help to understand climate variability in the IP.
Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist, Bo Christiansen, Jan Esper, Heli Huhtamaa, Lotta Leijonhufvud, Christian Pfister, Andrea Seim, Martin Karl Skoglund, and Peter Thejll
Clim. Past, 19, 2463–2491, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2463-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2463-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We study the climate signal in long harvest series from across Europe between the 16th and 18th centuries. The climate–harvest yield relationship is found to be relatively weak but regionally consistent and similar in strength and sign to modern climate–harvest yield relationships. The strongest climate–harvest yield patterns are a significant summer soil moisture signal in Sweden, a winter temperature and precipitation signal in Switzerland, and spring temperature signals in Spain.
Anna Wieland, Markus Greule, Philipp Roemer, Jan Esper, and Frank Keppler
Clim. Past, 18, 1849–1866, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1849-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1849-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We examined annually resolved stable carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of wood lignin methoxy groups of beech trees growing in temperate, low elevation environments. Here, carbon isotope ratios reveal highest correlations with regional summer temperatures while hydrogen isotope ratios correlate more strongly with large-scale temperature changes. By combining the dual isotope ratios of wood lignin methoxy groups, a proxy for regional- to subcontinental-scale temperature patterns can be applied.
Nina Škrk, Roberto Serrano-Notivoli, Katarina Čufar, Maks Merela, Zalika Črepinšek, Lučka Kajfež Bogataj, and Martín de Luis
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3577–3592, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3577-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3577-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
SLOCLIM is the first climatic reconstruction for Slovenia with a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 km, providing daily data of maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation from 1950 to 2018. This new daily gridded dataset contributes significantly to the climate description of the country and is expected to facilitate research activities in numerous scientific disciplines dealing with climate trends, environment, human and animal populations, agriculture, and forestry.
Lara Klippel, Scott St. George, Ulf Büntgen, Paul J. Krusic, and Jan Esper
Clim. Past, 16, 729–742, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-729-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-729-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The PAGES2k multiproxy database offers a new and unique opportunity to study the lack of long-term cooling trends in tree-ring data, which can be expected in Northern Hemisphere summers, particularly in the high latitudes, due to orbitally driven changes in solar irradiance. Tests of different influencing factors reveal that preserving millennial-scale cooling trends related to orbital forcing is not feasible in most tree-ring datasets.
Bernd R. Schöne, Aliona E. Meret, Sven M. Baier, Jens Fiebig, Jan Esper, Jeffrey McDonnell, and Laurent Pfister
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 673–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-673-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-673-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first annually resolved stable isotope record (1819–1998) from shells of Swedish river mussels. Data reflect hydrological processes in the catchment and changes in the isotope value of local precipitation. The latter is related to the origin of moisture from which precipitation formed (North Atlantic or the Arctic) and governed by large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. Results help to better understand climate dynamics and constrain ecological changes in river ecosystems.
Ernesto Tejedor, Martín de Luis, Mariano Barriendos, José María Cuadrat, Jürg Luterbacher, and Miguel Ángel Saz
Clim. Past, 15, 1647–1664, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1647-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1647-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new dataset of historical documents by compiling records (rogation ceremonies) from 13 cities in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula (IP). These records were transformed into quantitative continuous data to develop drought indices (DIs). We regionalized them by creating three DIs (Ebro Valle, Mediterranean, and Mountain), which cover the period from 1650 to 1899 CE. We identified extreme drought years and periods which help to understand climate variability in the IP.
Roberto Serrano-Notivoli, Santiago Beguería, and Martín de Luis
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1171–1188, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1171-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1171-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Spanish TEmperature At Daily scale (STEAD) is a new daily gridded maximum and minimum temperature dataset for Spain. It covers the whole territory of peninsular Spain and the Balearic and Canary Islands at a 5 km × 5 km spatial resolution for the 1901–2014 period. This product is useful not only for climatic analysis but also to provide support to any other climate-related variable and for decision-making purposes.
Tobias Anhäuser, Birgit Sehls, Werner Thomas, Claudia Hartl, Markus Greule, Denis Scholz, Jan Esper, and Frank Keppler
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-8, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-8, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Roberto Serrano-Notivoli, Santiago Beguería, Miguel Ángel Saz, Luis Alberto Longares, and Martín de Luis
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 721–738, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-721-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-721-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Spanish PREcipitation At Daily scale (SPREAD) is a new daily gridded precipitation dataset for Spain. It covers the whole territory of peninsular Spain and the Balearic and Canary Islands at a 5 × 5 km spatial resolution for the 1950–2012 period. The research is more than a complex analysis of precipitation in Spain; it provides a product that can be used for both scientific and decision-making policy purposes.
Related subject area
Subject: Climate Modelling | Archive: Terrestrial Archives | Timescale: Centennial-Decadal
Using a process-based dendroclimatic proxy system model in a data assimilation framework: a test case in the Southern Hemisphere over the past centuries
Investigating stable oxygen and carbon isotopic variability in speleothem records over the last millennium using multiple isotope-enabled climate models
Comparison of the oxygen isotope signatures in speleothem records and iHadCM3 model simulations for the last millennium
Long-term Surface Temperature (LoST) database as a complement for GCM preindustrial simulations
Inconsistencies between observed, reconstructed, and simulated precipitation indices for England since the year 1650 CE
Testing the consistency between changes in simulated climate and Alpine glacier length over the past millennium
North American regional climate reconstruction from ground surface temperature histories
Comparison of simulated and reconstructed variations in East African hydroclimate over the last millennium
Statistical framework for evaluation of climate model simulations by use of climate proxy data from the last millennium – Part 3: Practical considerations, relaxed assumptions, and using tree-ring data to address the amplitude of solar forcing
Jeanne Rezsöhazy, Quentin Dalaiden, François Klein, Hugues Goosse, and Joël Guiot
Clim. Past, 18, 2093–2115, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2093-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2093-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using statistical tree-growth proxy system models in the data assimilation framework may have limitations. In this study, we successfully incorporate the process-based dendroclimatic model MAIDEN into a data assimilation procedure to robustly compare the outputs of an Earth system model with tree-ring width observations. Important steps are made to demonstrate that using MAIDEN as a proxy system model is a promising way to improve large-scale climate reconstructions with data assimilation.
Janica C. Bühler, Josefine Axelsson, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Jens Fohlmeister, Allegra N. LeGrande, Madhavan Midhun, Jesper Sjolte, Martin Werner, Kei Yoshimura, and Kira Rehfeld
Clim. Past, 18, 1625–1654, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1625-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1625-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We collected and standardized the output of five isotope-enabled simulations for the last millennium and assess differences and similarities to records from a global speleothem database. Modeled isotope variations mostly arise from temperature differences. While lower-resolution speleothems do not capture extreme changes to the extent of models, they show higher variability on multi-decadal timescales. As no model excels in all comparisons, we advise a multi-model approach where possible.
Janica C. Bühler, Carla Roesch, Moritz Kirschner, Louise Sime, Max D. Holloway, and Kira Rehfeld
Clim. Past, 17, 985–1004, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-985-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-985-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present three new isotope-enabled simulations for the last millennium (850–1850 CE) and compare them to records from a global speleothem database. Offsets between the simulated and measured oxygen isotope ratios are fairly small. While modeled oxygen isotope ratios are more variable on decadal timescales, proxy records are more variable on (multi-)centennial timescales. This could be due to a lack of long-term variability in complex model simulations, but proxy biases cannot be excluded.
Francisco José Cuesta-Valero, Almudena García-García, Hugo Beltrami, Eduardo Zorita, and Fernando Jaume-Santero
Clim. Past, 15, 1099–1111, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1099-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1099-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A database of North American long-term ground surface temperatures, from approximately 1300 CE to 1700 CE, was assembled from geothermal data. These temperatures are useful for studying the future stability of permafrost, as well as for evaluating simulations of preindustrial climate that may help to improve estimates of climate models’ equilibrium climate sensitivity. The database will be made available to the climate science community.
Oliver Bothe, Sebastian Wagner, and Eduardo Zorita
Clim. Past, 15, 307–334, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-307-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-307-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Our understanding of future climate changes increases if different sources of information agree on past climate variations. Changing climates particularly impact local scales for which future changes in precipitation are highly uncertain. Here, we use information from observations, model simulations, and climate reconstructions for regional precipitation over the British Isles. We find these do not agree well on precipitation variations over the past few centuries.
Hugues Goosse, Pierre-Yves Barriat, Quentin Dalaiden, François Klein, Ben Marzeion, Fabien Maussion, Paolo Pelucchi, and Anouk Vlug
Clim. Past, 14, 1119–1133, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1119-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1119-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers provide iconic illustrations of past climate change, but records of glacier length fluctuations have not been used systematically to test the ability of models to reproduce past changes. One reason is that glacier length depends on several complex factors and so cannot be simply linked to the climate simulated by models. This is done here, and it is shown that the observed glacier length fluctuations are generally well within the range of the simulations.
Fernando Jaume-Santero, Carolyne Pickler, Hugo Beltrami, and Jean-Claude Mareschal
Clim. Past, 12, 2181–2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2181-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2181-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Within the framework of the PAGES NAm2k project, we estimated regional trends in the ground surface temperature change for the past 500 years in North America. The mean North American ground surface temperature history suggests a warming of 1.8 °C between preindustrial times and 2000. A regional analysis of mean temperature changes over the last 5 centuries shows that all regions experienced warming, but this warming displays large spatial variability and is more marked in high-latitude regions.
François Klein, Hugues Goosse, Nicholas E. Graham, and Dirk Verschuren
Clim. Past, 12, 1499–1518, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1499-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1499-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper analyses global climate model simulations of long-term East African hydroclimate changes relative to proxy-based reconstructions over the last millennium. No common signal is found between model results and reconstructions as well as among the model time series, which suggests that simulated hydroclimate is mostly driven by internal variability rather than by common external forcing.
A. Moberg, R. Sundberg, H. Grudd, and A. Hind
Clim. Past, 11, 425–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-425-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-425-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Experiments with climate models can help to understand causes of past climate changes. We develop a statistical framework for comparing data from simulation experiments with temperature reconstructions for the last millennium. A combination of several external factors is found to explain a significant part of the observed variations, but our selection of data cannot tell which of two alternative choices of past solar forcing gives the best fit between simulations and reconstructions.
Cited articles
Akkemik, Ü., Da deviren, N., and Aras, A.: A preliminary reconstruction (A.D. 1635–2000) of spring precipitation using oak tree rings in the western Black Sea region of Turkey, Int. J. Biometeorol., 49, 297–302, 2005.
Anchukaitis, K. J., Breitenmoser, P., Briffa, K. R., Buchwal, A., Büntgen, U., Cook, E. R., D'Arrigo, R. D., Esper, J., Evans, M. N., Frank, D., Grudd, H., Gunnarson, B. E., Hughes, M. K., Kirdyanov, A. V., Körner, C., Krusic, P. J., Luckman, B., Melvin, T. M., Salzer, M. W., Shashkin, A. V., Timmreck, C., Vaganov, E. A., and Wilson, R. J. S.: Tree rings and volcanic cooling, Nat. Geosci., 5, 836–837, 2012.
Barriendos, M.: Climatic variations in the Iberian Peninsula during the late Maunder minimum (AD 1675–1715): An analysis of data from rogation ceremonies, Holocene, 7, 105–111, 1997.
Blasing, T. J., Duvick, D. N., and West, D. C.: Dendroclimatic calibration and verification using regionally averaged and single station precipitation data, Tree-Ring Bull., 41, 37–43, 1981.
Briffa, K. R. and Jones, P. D.: Basic chronology statistics and assessment, in: Methods of Dendrochronology: Applications in the Environmental Sciences, edited by: Cook, E. R. and Kairiukstis, L. A., 137–152, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990.
Briffa, K. R., Jones, P. D., Bartholin, T. S., Eckstein, D., Schweingruber, F. H., Karlén, W., Zetterberg, P., and Eronen, M.: Fennoscandian summers from ad 500: temperature changes on short and long timescales, Clim. Dynam., 7, 111–119, 1992.
Briffa, K. R., Jones, P. D., Schweingruber, F. H., and Osborn, T. J.: Influence of volcanic eruptions on Northern Hemisphere summer temperature over the past 600 years, Nature, 393, 450–455, 1998.
Briffa, K. R., Osborn, T. J., Schweingruber, F. H., Jones, P. D., Shiyatov, S. G., and Vaganov, E. A.: Tree-ring width and density data around the Northern Hemisphere: Part 1, local and regional climate signals, Holocene, 12, 737–757, 2002.
Bunn, A. G.: A dendrochronology program library in R (dplR), Dendrochronologia, 26, 115–124, 2008.
Büntgen, U., Esper, J., Schmidhalter, M., Frank, D. C., Treydte, K., Neuwirth, B., and Winiger, M.: Using recent and historical larch wood to build a 1300-year Valais-chronology, edited by: Gärtner, H., Esper, J., and Schleser, G., TRACE, 2, 85–92, 2004.
Büntgen, U., Esper, J., Frank, D. C., Nicolussi, K., and Schmidhalter, M.: A 1052-year tree-ring proxy for Alpine summer temperatures, Clim. Dynam., 25, 141–153, 2005.
Büntgen, U., Frank, D. C., Kaczka, R. J., Verstege, A., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., and Esper, J.: Growth/climate response of a multi-species tree-ring network in the Western Carpathian Tatra Mountains, Poland and Slovakia, Tree Physiol., 27, 689–702, 2007.
Büntgen, U., Frank, D., Grudd, H., and Esper, J.: Long-term summer temperature variations in the Pyrenees, Clim. Dynam., 31, 615–631, 2008.
Camuffo, D., Bertolin, C., Barriendos, M., Dominguez-Castro, F., Cocheo, C., Enzi, S., Sghedoni, M., della Valle, A., Garnier, E., Alcoforado, M. J., Xoplaki, E., Luterbacher, J., Diodato, N., Maugeri, M., Nunes, M. F., and Rodriguez, R.: 500-Year temperature reconstruction in the Mediterranean Basin by means of documentary data and instrumental observations, Climatic Change, 101, 169–199, 2010.
Cook, E. R., Briffa, K., Shiyatov, S., and Mazepa, V.: Tree-ring standardization and growth trend estimation, in: Methods of dendrochronology: applications in the environmental sciences, edited by: Cook, E. R. and Kairiukstis, L. A., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 104–162, 1990.
Cook, E. R., Briffa, K. R., and Jones, P. D.: Spatial regression methods in dendroclimatology: a review and comparison of two techniques, Int. J. Climatol., 14, 379–402, 1994.
Creus, J. and Puigdefabregas, J.: Climatología histórica y dendrocronología de Pinus uncinata R, Cuad. Investig. Geográfica, 2, 17–30, 1982.
Creus, J., Génova, M., Fernandez-Cancio, A., and Perez-Antelo, A.: New dendrochronologies for Spanish Mediterranean Zone, Lundqua Report, 34, 76–78, 1992.
Crowley, T. J.: Causes of climate change over the past 1000 years, Science, 289, 270–277, 2000.
Čufar, K., de Luis, M., Eckstein, D., and Kajfez-Bogataj, L.: Reconstructing dry and wet summers in SE Slovenia from oak tree-ring series, Int. J. Biometeorol., 52, 607–615, 2008.
D'Arrigo, R., Wilson, R., and Tudhope, A.: The impact of volcanic forcing on tropical temperatures during the past four centuries, Nat. Geosci., 2, 51–56, 2009.
D'Arrigo, R., Wilson, R., and Anchukaitis, K. J.: Volcanic cooling signal in tree ring temperature records for the past millennium, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50692, 2013.
de Luis, M., Novak, K., Čufar, K., and Raventós, J.: Size mediated climate-growth relationships in Pinus halepensis and Pinus pinea, Trees-Struct. Funct., 23, 1065–1073, 2009.
Domínguez-Castro, F., García-Herrera, R., Ribera, P., and Barriendos, M.: A shift in the spatial pattern of Iberian droughts during the 17th century, Clim. Past, 6, 553–563, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-553-2010, 2010.
Dorado Liñán, I., Büntgen, U., González-Rouco, F., Zorita, E., Montávez, J. P., Gómez-Navarro, J. J., Brunet, M., Heinrich, I., Helle, G., and Gutiérrez, E.: Estimating 750 years of temperature variations and uncertainties in the Pyrenees by tree-ring reconstructions and climate simulations, Clim. Past, 8, 919–933, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-919-2012, 2012.
Dorado Liñán, I., Zorita, E., González-Rouco, J. F., Heinrich, I., Campello, F., Muntán, E., Andreu-Hayles, L., and Gutiérrez, E.: Eight-hundred years of summer temperature variations in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula reconstructed from tree rings, Clim. Dynam., 44, 75–93, 2014.
Durbin, J. and Watson, G. S.: Testing for Serial Correlation in Least Squares Regression, II. 16, Biometrika, 38, 159–179, 1951.
El Kenawy, A., López-Moreno, J. I., and Vicente-Serrano, S. M.: Trend and variability of surface air temperature in northeastern Spain (1920–2006): Linkage to atmospheric circulation, Atmos. Res., 106, 159–180, 2012.
Esper, J., Cook, E. R., Krusic, P. J., Peters, K., and Schweingruber, F. H.: Tests of the RCS method for preserving low-frequency variability in long tree-ring chronologies, Tree-Ring Res., 59, 81–98, 2003.
Esper, J., Büntgen, U., Luterbacher, J., and Krusic, P.: Testing the hypothesis of post-volcanic missing rings in temperature sensitive dendrochronological data, Dendrochronologia, 13, 216–222, 2013a.
Esper, J., Schneider, L., Krusic, P. J., Luterbacher, J., Büntgen, U., Timonen, M., Sirocko, F., and Zorita, E.: European summer temperature response to annually dated volcanic eruptions over the past nine centuries, B. Volcanol., 75, 736, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0736-z, 2013b.
Esper, J., Großjean, J., Camarero, J. J., García-Cervigón, A. I., Olano, J. M., González-Rouco, J. F., Domínguez-Castro, F., and Büntgen, U.: Atlantic and Mediterranean synoptic drivers of central Spanish juniper growth, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 121, 571, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-014-1254-4, 2014.
Esper, J., Konter, O., Krusic, P., Saurer, M., Holzkämper, S., and Büntgen, U.: Long-term summer temperature variations in the Pyrenees from detrended stable carbon isotopes, Geochronometria, 42, 53–59, 2015a.
Esper, J., Schneider, L., Smerdon, J. E., Schöne, B. R., and Büntgen, U.: Signals and memory in tree-ring width and density data, Dendrochronologia, 35, 62–72, 2015b.
Fischer, E. M., Luterbacher, J., Zorita, E., Tett, S. F. B., Casty, C., and Wanner, H.: European climate response to tropical volcanic eruptions over the last half millennium, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L05707, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027992, 2007.
Frank, D., Esper, J., and Cook, E. R.: On variance adjustments in tree-ring chronology development, in: Tree rings in archaeology, climatology and ecology, edited by: Heinrich, I., Gärtner, H., Monbaron, M., and Schleser, G., TRACE, 4, 56–66, 2006.
Frank, D., Büntgen, U., Böhm, R., Maugeri, M., and Esper, J.: Warmer early instrumental measurements versus colder reconstructed temperatures: shooting at a moving target, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 3298–3310, 2007.
Fritts, H. C.: Tree rings and climate, Academic Press, London, 1976.
Fritts, H. C., Guiot, J., Gordon, G. A., and Schweingruber, F. H.: Methods of calibration, verification, and reconstruction. Methods of Dendrochronology: Applications in the Environmental Sciences, edited by: Cook, E. R. and Kairiukstis, L. A., Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands, 163–217, 1990.
Giorgi, F. and Lionello, P.: Climate change projections for the Mediterranean region, Global Planet. Change, 63, 90–104, 2008.
González-Hidalgo, J. C., Brunetti, M., and de Luis, M.: A new tool for monthly precipitation analysis in Spain: MOPREDAS database (monthly precipitation trends December 1945 November 2005), Int. J. Climatol., 31, 715–731, 2011.
Gonzalez-Hidalgo, J. C., Peña-Angulo, D., Brunetti, M., and Cortesi, N.: MOTEDAS: a new monthly temperature database for mainland Spain and the trend in temperature (1951–2010)m Int. J. Climatol., 35, 4444–4463, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4298, 2015.
Grove, J. M.: The Little Ice Age, London, Methuen & Co., Ltd., 498 pp., 1998.
Grudd, H.: Torneträsk tree-ring width and density ad 500–2004: A test of climatic sensitivity and a new 1500-year reconstruction of north Fennoscandian summers, Clim. Dynam., 31, 843–857, 2008.
Guijarro, J. A.: Tendencias de la temperatura en España, in: Fenómenos meteorológicos adversos en España, edited by: García Legaz, C. and Valero, C., AEMET y CCS, Madrid, 2013.
Haigh, J. D. and Cargill, P.: The Sun's Influence on Climate, 1–207, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, 2015.
Harris, I., Jones, P. D., Osborn, T. J., and Lister, D. H.: Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations – the CRU TS3.10 Dataset, Int. J. Climatol., 34, 623–642, 2014.
Hertig, E. and Jacobeit, J.: Assessments of Mediterranean precipitation changes for the 21st century using statistical downscaling techniques, Int. J. Climatol., 28, 1025–1045, 2008.
Holmes, R. L.: Computer-assisted quality control in tree-ring dating and measurement, Tree-Ring Bull., 43, 69–78, 1983.
Hughes, M. K., Schweingruber, F. H., Cartwright, D., and Kelly, P. M.: July–August temperature at Edinburgh between 1721 and 1975 from tree-ring density and width data, Nature, 308, 341–344, 1984.
IPCC: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G. K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp., https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324, 2013.
Larsson, L. A.: CoRecorder&CDendro program, Cybis Elektronik & Data AB, Version 7.6, 2012.
Lassen, K. and Friis-Christensen, E.: Variability of the solar cycle length during the past five centuries and the apparent association with terrestrial climate, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 57, 835–845, 1995.
Lean, J., Beer, J., and Bradley, R.: Reconstruction of solar irradiance since 1610: implications for climate change, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 3195–3198, 1995.
Lionello, P., Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., Boscolo, R., Alpert, P., Artale, V., Li, L., Luterbacher, J., May, W., Trigo, R., Tsimplis, M., Ulbrich, U., and Xoplaki, E.: The Mediterranean climate: An overview of the main characteristics and issues, Developments in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 4, 1–26, 2006a.
López-Moreno, J. I., El-Kenawy, A., Revuelto, J., Azorín-Molina, C., Morán-Tejeda, E., Lorenzo-Lacruz, J., Zabalza, J., and Vicente-Serrano, S. M.: Observed trends and future projections for winter warm events in the Ebro basin, northeast Iberian Peninsula, Int. J. Climatol., 34, 49–60, 2014.
Luterbacher, J., Rickli, R., Xoplaki, E., Tinguely, C., Beck, C., Pfister, C., and Wanner, H.: The Late Maunder Minimum (1675–1715) – A key period for studying decadal scale climatic change in Europe, Climatic Change, 49, 441–462, 2001.
Matalas, N. C.: Statistical properties of tree ring data, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 7, 39–47, 1962.
Matskovsky, V. V. and Helama, S.: Testing long-term summer temperature reconstruction based on maximum density chronologies obtained by reanalysis of tree-ring data sets from northernmost Sweden and Finland, Clim. Past, 10, 1473–1487, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1473-2014, 2014.
Mencuccini, M., Martínez-Vilalta, J., Vanderklein, D., Hamid, H. A., Korakaki, E., Lee, S., and Michiels, B.: Size-mediated ageing reduces vigour in trees, Ecol. Lett., 8, 1183–1190, 2005.
Mitchell, V. L.: An investigation of certain aspects of tree growth rates in relation to climate in the central Canadian boreal forest. Technical report, 33 pp., Department of Meteorology, University of Wisconsin, 1967.
Pallardy, S. G.: Physiology of Woody Plants, Academic Press, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2010.
Panofsky, H. A. and Brier, G. W.: Some applications of statistics to meteorology, University Park, Pennsylvania, 224 pp., 1958.
Pena-Angulo, D., Cortesi, N., Brunetti, M., and González-Hidalgo, J. C.: Spatial variability of maximum and minimum monthly temperature in Spain during 1981–2010 evaluated by correlation decay distance (CDD), Theor. Appl. Climatol., 122, 35–45, 2015.
Pensa, M. and Jalkanen, R.: Variation in needle longevity is related to needle-fascicle production rate in Pinus sylvestris, Tree Physiol., 25, 1265–1271, 2005.
Peñuelas, J.: Plant physiology – a big issue for trees, Nature, 437, 965–966, 2005.
Rinn, F.: TSAPWinTM – Time series analysis and presentation for dendrochronology and related applications, Version 4.69, 2005.
Ruiz, P.: Análisis dendroclimático de Pinus uncinata Ramond en la Sierra Cebollera (Sistema Ibérico), Cuad. Investig. Geográfica, 15, 75–80, 1989.
Sánchez, E., Gallardo, C., Gaertner, M. A., Arribas, A., and Castro, M.: Future climate extreme events in the Mediterranean simulated by a regional climate model: A first approach, Global Planet. Change, 44, 163–180, 2004.
Saz, M. A.: Análisis de la evolución del clima en la mitad septentrional de España desde el siglo XV a partir de series dendroclimáticas, Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 1105 pp., 2003.
Schulman, E.: Dendroclimatic Changes in Semiarid America, Tucson, University of Arizona Press, 142 pp., 1956.
Stokes, M. A. and Smiley, T. L.: An introduction to tree-ring dating, 2nd Edn., The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1968.
Tejedor, E., de Luis, M., Cuadrat, J. M., Esper, J., and Saz, M. A.: Tree-ring-based drought reconstruction in the Iberian Range (east of Spain) since 1694, Int. J. Biometeorol., 60, 361–372, 2016.
Tejedor, E., de Luis, M., Saz, M. A., and Cuadrat, J. M.: RW_EW_LW_NESPAIN, figshare, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4622059.v2, 2017.
Van der Werf, G. W., Sass-Klaassen, U., and Mohren, G. M. J.: The impact of the 2003 summer drought on the intra-annual growth pattern of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak (Quercus robur L.) on a dry site in the Netherlands, Dendrochronologia, 25, 103–112, 2007.
Vicente-Serrano, S. M. and Cuadrat, J. M.: North Atlantic oscillation control of droughts in north-east Spain: Evaluation since 1600 A.D, Climatic Change, 85, 357–379, 2007.
Wahl, E. R. and Ammann, C. M.: Robustness of the Mann, Bradley, Hughes reconstruction of Northern Hemisphere surface temperatures: examination of criticisms based on the nature and processing of proxy climate evidence, Climatic Change, 85, 33–69, 2007.
Wang, F., Letort, V., Lu, Q., Bai, X., Guo, Y., de Reffye, P., and Li, B.: A Functional and Structural Mongolian Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) Model Integrating Architecture, Biomass and Effects of Precipitation, PLoS ONE, 7, e43531, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043531, 2012.
Wigley, T. M. L., Briffa, K., and Jones, P. D.: On the average value of correlated time series, with applications in dendroclimatology and hydrometeorology, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 23, 201–213, 1984.
Short summary
Through this study, and inferred from 316 series of tree-ring width, we developed a maximum temperature reconstruction that is significant for much of the Iberian Peninsula (IP). This reconstruction will not only help to understand the past climate of the IP but also serve to improve future climate change scenarios particularly affecting the Mediterranean area.
Through this study, and inferred from 316 series of tree-ring width, we developed a maximum...