Barron, J. A., Bukry, D., Dean, W. E., Addison, J. A., and Finney, B.: Paleoceanography of the Gulf of Alaska during the past 15,000 years: Results from diatoms, silicoflagellates, and geochemistry, Mar. Micropaleontol., 72, 176–195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2009.04.006, 2009.
Bassinot, F., Marzin, C., Braconnot, P., Marti, O., Mathien-Blard, E., Lombard, F., and Bopp, L.: Holocene evolution of summer winds and marine productivity in the tropical Indian Ocean in response to insolation forcing: data-model comparison, Clim. Past, 7, 485–520, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-815-2011, 2011.
Beaufort, L., Lancelot, Y., Camberlin, P., Cayre, O., Vincent, E., Bassinot, F., and Labeyrie, L.: Insolation cycles as a major control of equatorial Indian Ocean primary production, Science, 278, 1451–1454, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.278.5342.1451, 1997.
Bopp, L., Monfray, P., Aumont, O., Dufresne, J., Le Treut, H., Madec, G., Terray, L., and Orr, J.: Potential impact of climate change on marine export production, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15, 81–99, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.042.x, 2001.
Bopp, L., Kohfeld, K., Le Quere, C., and Aumont, O.: Dust impact on marine biota and atmospheric CO
2 during glacial periods, Paleoceanography, 18, 1046, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000810, 2003.
Bouttes, N., Paillard, D., and Roche, D.: Impact of brine-induced stratification on the glacial carbon cycle, Clim. Past, 6, 681–710, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-575-2010, 2010.
Bouttes, N., Roche, D. M., and Paillard, D.: Systematic study of the impact of fresh water fluxes on the glacial carbon cycle, Clim. Past, 8, 589–607, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-589-2012, 2012.
Bozbiyik, A., Steinacher, M., Joos, F., Stocker, T. F., and Menviel, L.: Fingerprints of changes in the terrestrial carbon cycle in response to large reorganizations in ocean circulation, Clim. Past, 7, 319–338, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-319-2011, 2011.
Broecker, W., Bond, G., Klas, M., Clark, E., and McManus, J.: Origin of the northern Atlantic's Heinrich events, Clim. Dynam., 6, 265–273, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00193540, 1992.
Brunelle, B. G., Sigman, D. M., Jaccard, S. L., Keigwin, L. D., Plessen, B., Schettler, G., Cook, M. S., and Haug, G. H.: Glacial/interglacial changes in nutrient supply and stratification in the western subarctic North Pacific since the penultimate glacial maximum, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 2579–2590, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.03.010, 2010.
Cacho, I., Grimalt, J., Pelejero, C., Canals, M., Sierro, F., Abel Flores, J., and Shackleton, N.: Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich event imprints in Alboran Sea paleotemperatures, Paleoceanography, 14, 698–705, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999PA900044, 1999.
Calvo, E., Pelejero, C., Pena, L., Cacho, I., and Logan, G.: Eastern Equatorial Pacific productivity and related-{CO
2} changes since the last glacial period, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 108, 5537–5541, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1009761108, 2011.
Cartapanis, O., Tachikawa, K., and Bard, E.: Northeastern Pacific oxygen minimum zone variability over the past 70 kyr: Impact of biological production and oceanic ventilation, Paleoceanography, 26, PA4208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011PA002126, 2011.
Dannenmann, S., Linsley, B., Oppo, D., Rosenthal, Y., and Beaufort, L.: East Asian monsoon forcing of suborbital variability in the Sulu Sea during Marine Isotope Stage 3: Link to Northern Hemisphere climate, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 4, 1001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GC000390, 2003.
Dean, W. E.: Sediment geochemical records of productivity and oxygen depletion along the margin of western North America during the past 60,000 years: teleconnections with Greenland Ice and the Cariaco Basin, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 98–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.08.006, 2007.
Dubois, N., Kienast, M., Kienast, S., Normandeau, C., Calvert, S. E., Herbert, T. D., and Mix, A.: Millennial-scale variations in hydrography and biogeochemistry in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific over the last 100 kyr, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 210–223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.10.012, 2011.
Fl{ü}ckiger, J., Blunier, T., Stauffer, B., Chappellaz, J., Spahni, R., Kawamura, K., Schwander, J., Stocker, T., and Dahl-Jensen, D.: N
2O and CH
4 variations during the last glacial epoch: Insight into global processes, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB1020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002122, 2004.
Galbraith, E., Jaccard, S., Pedersen, T., Sigman, D., Haug, G., Cook, M., Southon, J., and Francois, R.: Carbon dioxide release from the North Pacific abyss during the last deglaciation, Nature, 449, 890–893, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06227, 2007.
Ganopolski, A. and Rahmstorf, S.: Rapid changes of glacial climate simulated in a coupled climate model, Nature, 409, 153–158, https://doi.org/10.1038/35051500, 2001.
Gebhardt, H., Sarnthein, M., Grootes, P., Kiefer, T., Kuehn, H., Schmieder, F., and R{ö}hl, U.: Paleonutrient and productivity records from the subarctic North Pacific for Pleistocene glacial terminations I to V, Paleoceanography, 23, PA4212, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001513, 2008.
Gil, I., Keigwin, L., and Abrantes, F.: Deglacial diatom productivity and surface ocean properties over the Bermuda Rise, northeast Sargasso Sea, Paleoceanography, 24, PA4101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001729, 2009.
Heinrich, H.: Origin and Consequences of Cyclic Ice Rafting in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean during the Past 130,000 Years, Quaternary Res., 29, 142–152, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(88)90057-9, 1988.
Henson, S. A., Sarmiento, J. L., Dunne, J. P., Bopp, L., Lima, I., Doney, S. C., John, J., and Beaulieu, C.: Detection of anthropogenic climate change in satellite records of ocean chlorophyll and productivity, Biogeosciences, 7, 621–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-621-2010, 2010.
Higginson, M., Maxwell, J., and Altabet, M.: Nitrogen isotope and chlorin paleoproductivity records from the Northern South China Sea: remote vs. local forcing of millennial- and orbital-scale variability, Mar. Geol., 201, 223–250, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00218-4, 2003.
Higginson, M., Altabet, M., Wincze, L., Herbert, T., and Murray, D.: A solar (irradiance) trigger for millennial-scale abrupt changes in the southwest monsoon?, Paleoceanography, 19, PA3015, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001031, 2004.
Holzwarth, U., Meggers, H., Esper, O., Kuhlmann, H., Freudenthal, T., Hensen, C., and Zonneveld, K.: NW African climate variations during the last 47,000 years: Evidence from organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 291, 443–455, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.03.013, 2010.
Hughen, K., Overpeck, J., Peterson, L., and Trumbore, S.: Rapid climate changes in the tropical Atlantic region during the last deglaciation, Nature, 380, 51–54, https://doi.org/10.1038/380051a0, 1996.
Hutchins, D. and Bruland, K.: Iron-limited diatom growth and Si: N uptake ratios in a coastal upwelling regime, Nature, 393, 561–564, https://doi.org/10.1038/31203, 1998.
Ivanochko, T., Ganeshram, R., Brummer, G., Ganssen, G., Jung, S., Moreton, S., and Kroon, D.: Variations in tropical convection as an amplifier of global climate change at the millennial scale, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 235, 302–314, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.002, 2005.
Jennerjahn, T., Ittekkot, V., Arz, H., Behling, H., Patzold, J., and Wefer, G.: Asynchronous terrestrial and marine signals of climate change during Heinrich events, Science, 306, 2236–2239, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102490, 2004.
Kageyama, M., Mignot, J., Swingedouw, D., Marzin, C., Alkama, R., and Marti, O.: Glacial climate sensitivity to different states of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: results from the IPSL model, Clim. Past, 5, 551–570, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-551-2009, 2009.
Kageyama, M., Paul, A., Roche, D., and Van Meerbeeck, C.: Modelling glacial climatic millennial-scale variability related to changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: a review, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 2931–2956, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.029, 2010.
Kageyama, M., Braconnot, P., Bopp, L., Mariotti, V., Roy, T., Woillez, M.-N., Caubel, A., Foujols, M.-A., Guilyardi, E., Khodri, M., Lloyd, J., Lombard, F., and Marti, O.: Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum climate simulations with the IPSL model. Part II: model-data comparisons, Clim. Dynam., in press, 2012.
Kiefer, T.: Produktivit{ä}t und Temperaturen im subtropischen Nordatlantik: zyklische und aprupte Ver{ä}nderungen im sp{ä}ten Quart{ä}r, Berichte-Reports, Geologisch-Pal{ä}ontologisches Institut und Museum, Christian-Albrechts-Universit{ä}t, Kiel, 90, 127 pp., 1998.
Kienast, M., Kienast, S., Calvert, S., Eglinton, T., Mollenhauer, G., Fran{ç}ois, R., and Mix, A.: Eastern Pacific cooling and Atlantic overturning circulation during the last deglaciation, Nature, 443, 846–849, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05222, 2006.
Kienast, S., Calvert, S., and Pedersen, T.: Nitrogen isotope and productivity variations along the northeast Pacific margin over the last 120 kyr: Surface and subsurface paleoceanography, Paleoceanography, 17, 1055, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001PA000650, 2002.
Kohfeld, K., Le Quere, C., Harrison, S., and Anderson, R.: Role of marine biology in glacial-interglacial CO
2 cycles, Science, 308, 74–78, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1105375, 2005.
Landais, A., Lathiere, J., Barkan, E., and Luz, B.: Reconsidering the change in global biosphere productivity between the Last Glacial Maximum and present day from the triple oxygen isotopic composition of air trapped in ice cores, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 21, GB1025, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002739, 2007.
Landais, A., Dreyfus, G., Capron, E., Masson-Delmotte, V., Sanchez-Go{\c{n}}i, M., Desprat, S., Hoffmann, G., Jouzel, J., Leuenberger, M., and Johnsen, S.: What drives the millennial and orbital variations of {$\delta^{18}O_atm$}?, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 235–246, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.005, 2010.
Leduc, G., Vidal, L., Tachikawa, K., Rostek, F., Sonzogni, C., Beaufort, L., and Bard, E.: Moisture transport across Central America as a positive feedback on abrupt climatic changes, Nature, 445, 908–911, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05578, 2007.
Lenton, A., Codron, F., Bopp, L., Metzl, N., Cadule, P., Tagliabue, A., and Le Sommer, J.: Stratospheric ozone depletion reduces ocean carbon uptake and enhances ocean acidification, Geophys. Res. Lett, 36, L12606, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038227, 2009.
Lin, H., Lai, C., Ting, H., Wang, L., Sarnthein, M., and Hung, J.: Late Pleistocene nutrients and sea surface productivity in the South China Sea: A record of teleconnections with Northern Hemisphere events, Mar. Geol., 156, 197–210, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00179-0, 1999.
Mahowald, N. M., Yoshioka, M., Collins, W. D., Conley, A. J., Fillmore, D. W., and Coleman, D. B.: Climate response and radiative forcing from mineral aerosols during the last glacial maximum, pre-industrial, current and doubled-carbon dioxide climates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L20705, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026126, 2006.
Marti, O., Braconnot, P., Dufresne, J., Bellier, J., Benshila, R., Bony, S., Brockmann, P., Cadule, P., Caubel, A., Codron, F., de Noblet, N., Denvil, S., Fairhead, L., Fichefet, T., Foujols, M.-A., Friedlingstein, P., Goosse, H., Grandpeix, J.-Y., Guilyardi, E., Hourin, F., Idelkadi, A., Kageyama, M., Krinner, G., Levy, C., Madec, G., Mignot, J., Swingedouw, D., and Talandier, C.: Key features of the IPSL ocean atmosphere model and its sensitivity to atmospheric resolution, Clim. Dynam., 34, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0640-6, 2010.
Martinez, P. and Robinson, R. S.: Increase in water column denitrification during the last deglaciation: the influence of oxygen demand in the eastern equatorial Pacific, Biogeosciences, 7, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1-2010, 2010.
Mashiotta, T., Lea, D., and Spero, H.: Glacial-interglacial changes in Subantarctic sea surface temperature and {$\delta^{18}O$}-water using foraminiferal Mg, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 170, 417–432, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00116-8, 1999.
Matsumoto, K., Sarmiento, J., and Brzezinski, M.: Silicic acid leakage from the Southern Ocean: A possible explanation for glacial atmospheric $pCO_2$, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 1031, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001442, 2002.
McManus, J., Francois, R., Gherardi, J., Keigwin, L., and Brown-Leger, S.: Collapse and rapid resumption of Atlantic meridional circulation linked to deglacial climate changes, Nature, 428, 834–837, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02494, 2004.
Menviel, L., Timmermann, A., Mouchet, A., and Timm, O.: Meridional reorganizations of marine and terrestrial productivity during Heinrich events, Paleoceanography, 23, PA1203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001445, 2008.
Menviel, L., Timmermann, A., Timm, O. E., and Mouchet, A.: Deconstructing the Last Glacial termination: the role of millennial and orbital-scale forcings, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 1155–1172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.02.005, 2011.
Merkel, U., Prange, M., and Schulz, M.: ENSO variability and teleconnections during glacial climates, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 86–100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.006, 2010.
Mohtadi, M. and Hebbeln, D.: Mechanisms and variations of the paleoproductivity off northern Chile (24 degrees S–33 degrees S) during the last 40,000 years, Paleoceanography, 19, PA2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001003, 2004.
Monnin, E., Indermuhle, A., Dallenbach, A., Fluckiger, J., Stauffer, B., Stocker, T., Raynaud, D., and Barnola, J.: Atmospheric CO
2 concentrations over the last glacial termination, Science, 291, 112–114, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.291.5501.112, 2001.
Moreno, A., Cacho, I., Canals, M., Grimalt, J., and Sanchez-Vidal, A.: Millennial-scale variability in the productivity signal from the Alboran Sea record, Western Mediterranean Sea, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 211, 205–219, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.05.007, 2004.
Nave, S., Labeyrie, L., Gherardi, J., Caillon, N., Cortijo, E., Kissel, C., and Abrantes, F.: Primary productivity response to Heinrich events in the North Atlantic Ocean and Norwegian Sea, Paleoceanography, 22, PA3216, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006PA001335, 2007.
Obata, A.: Climate-carbon cycle model response to freshwater discharge into the North Atlantic, J. Climate, 20, 5962–5976, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1808.1, 2007.
Obata, A. and Kitamura, Y.: Interannual variability of the sea-air exchange of CO
2 from 1961 to 1998 simulated with a global ocean circulation-biogeochemistry model, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3337, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JC001088, 2003.
Oka, A., Abe-Ouchi, A., Chikamoto, M., and Ide, T.: Mechanisms controlling export production at the LGM: Effects of changes in oceanic physical fields and atmospheric dust deposition, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 25, GB2009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GB003628, 2011.
Ortiz, J., O'Connell, S., DelViscio, J., Dean, W., Carriquiry, J., Marchitto, T., Zheng, Y., and Van Geen, A.: Enhanced marine productivity off western North America during warm climate intervals of the past 52 ky, Geology, 32, 521–524, https://doi.org/10.1130/G20234.1, 2004.
Otto-Bliesner, B. and Brady, E.: The sensitivity of the climate response to the magnitude and location of freshwater forcing: last glacial maximum experiments, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 56–73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.004, 2010.
Pailler, D. and Bard, E.: High frequency palaeoceanographic changes during the past 140 000 yr recorded by the organic matter in sediments of the Iberian Margin, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 181, 431–452, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00444-8, 2002.
Pauly, D. and Christensen, V.: Primary production required to sustain global fisheries, Nature, 374, 255–257, https://doi.org/10.1038/374255a0, 1995.
Penaud, A., Eynaud, F., Turon, J., Blamart, D., Rossignol, L., Marret, F., Lopez-Martinez, C., Grimalt, J., Malaiz{é}, B., and Charlier, K.: Contrasting paleoceanographic conditions off Morocco during Heinrich events (1 and 2) and the Last Glacial Maximum, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 1923–1939, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.04.011, 2010.
Pichevin, L. E., Reynolds, B., Ganeshram, R., Cacho, I., Pena, L., Keefe, K., and Ellam, R.: Enhanced carbon pump inferred from relaxation of nutrient limitation in the glacial ocean, Nature, 459, 1114–1117, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08101, 2009.
Pichevin, L. E., Ganeshram, R. S., Francavilla, S., Arellano-Torres, E., Pedersen, T. F., and Beaufort, L.: Interhemispheric leakage of isotopically heavy nitrate in the eastern tropical Pacific during the last glacial period, Paleoceanography, 25, PA1204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001754, 2010.
Radi, T. and de Vernal, A.: Dinocysts as proxy of primary productivity in mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, Mar. Micropaleontol., 68, 84–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2008.01.012, 2008.
Rasmussen, T., Thomsen, E., Troelstra, S., Kuijpers, A., and Prins, M.: Millennial-scale glacial variability versus Holocene stability: changes in planktic and benthic foraminifera faunas and ocean circulation in the North Atlantic during the last 60 000 years, Mar. Micropaleontol., 47, 143–176, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(02)00115-9, 2002.
Romero, O. E.: Changes in style and intensity of production in the Southeastern Atlantic over the last 70,000 yr, Mar. Micropaleontol., 74, 15–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2009.11.001, 2010.
Romero, O. E., Kim, J. H., and Hebbeln, D.: Paleoproductivity evolution off central Chile from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Early Holocene, Quaternary Res., 65, 519–525, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.07.003, 2006.
Romero, O. E., Kim, J. H., and Donner, B.: Submillennial-to-millennial variability of diatom production off Mauritania, NW Africa, during the last glacial cycle, Paleoceanography, 23, PA3218, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001601, 2008.
Romero, O. E., Leduc, G., Vidal, L., and Fischer, G.: Millennial variability and long-term changes of the diatom production in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the last glacial cycle, Paleoceanography, 26, PA2212, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010PA002099, 2011.
Saavedra-Pellitero, M., Flores, J. A., Lamy, F., Sierro, F. J., and Cortina, A.: Coccolithophore estimates of paleotemperature and paleoproductivity changes in the southeast Pacific over the past similar to 27 kyr, Paleoceanography, 26, PA1201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001824, 2011.
Sachs, J. and Anderson, R.: Increased productivity in the subantarctic ocean during Heinrich events, Nature, 434, 1118–1121, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03544, 2005.
Salgueiro, E., Voelker, A., De Abreu, L., Abrantes, F., Meggers, H., and Wefer, G.: Temperature and productivity changes off the western Iberian margin during the last 150 ky, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 680–695, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.013, 2010.
Sanchez Go{ñ}i, M. F. and Harrison, S.: Millennial-scale climate variability and vegetation changes during the Last Glacial: Concepts and terminology, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 2823–2827, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.014, 2010.
Schmittner, A.: Decline of the marine ecosystem caused by a reduction in the Atlantic overturning circulation, Nature, 434, 628–633, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03476, 2005.
Schmittner, A. and Galbraith, E. D.: Glacial greenhouse-gas fluctuations controlled by ocean circulation changes, Nature, 456, 373–376, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07531, 2008.
Schmittner, A., Oschlies, A., Matthews, H., and Galbraith, E.: Future changes in climate, ocean circulation, ecosystems, and biogeochemical cycling simulated for a business-as-usual CO
2 emission scenario until year 4000 AD, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB1013, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB002953, 2008.
Schneider, B., Bopp, L., Gehlen, M., Segschneider, J., Froelicher, T. L., Cadule, P., Friedlingstein, P., Doney, S. C., Behrenfeld, M. J., and Joos, F.: Climate-induced interannual variability of marine primary and export production in three global coupled climate carbon cycle models, Biogeosciences, 5, 597–614, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-597-2008, 2008.
Schulte, S. and Müller, P.: Variations of sea surface temperature and primary productivity during Heinrich and Dansgaard-Oeschger events in the northeastern Arabian Sea, Geo-Mar. Lett., 21, 168–175, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003670100080, 2001.
Steinacher, M., Joos, F., Frölicher, T. L., Bopp, L., Cadule, P., Cocco, V., Doney, S. C., Gehlen, M., Lindsay, K., Moore, J. K., Schneider, B., and Segschneider, J.: Projected 21st century decrease in marine productivity: a multi-model analysis, Biogeosciences, 7, 979–1005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-979-2010, 2010.
Swartz, W., Sala, E., Tracey, S., Watson, R., and Pauly, D.: The spatial expansion and ecological footprint of fisheries (1950 to present), PLoS One, 5, e15143, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015143, 2010.
Swingedouw, D., Bopp, L., Matras, A., and Braconnot, P.: Effect of land-ice melting and associated changes in the AMOC results in little overall impact on oceanic CO
2 uptake, Geophys. Res. Lett, 34, L23706, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031990, 2007.
Swingedouw, D., Mignot, J., Braconnot, P., Mosquet, E., Kageyama, M., and Alkama, R.: Impact of freshwater release in the North Atlantic under different climate conditions in an OAGCM, J. Climate, 22, 6377–6403, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI3028.1, 2009.
Tagliabue, A., Bopp, L., Roche, D., Bouttes, N., Dutay, J., Alkama, R., Kageyama, M., Michel, E., and Paillard, D.: Quantifying the roles of ocean circulation and biogeochemistry in governing ocean carbon-13 and atmospheric carbon dioxide at the last glacial maximum, Clim. Past, 5, 1463–1491, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-695-2009, 2009.
Takeda, S.: Influence of iron availability on nutrient consumption ratio of diatoms in oceanic waters, Nature, 393, 774–777, https://doi.org/10.1038/31674, 1998.
Taucher, J. and Oschlies, A.: Can we predict the direction of marine primary production change under global warming?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L02603, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL045934, 2011.
Thomas, E., Booth, L., Maslin, M., and Shackleton, N.: Northeastern Atlantic benthic foraminifera during the last 45,000 years: changes in productivity seen from the bottom up, Paleoceanography, 10, 545–562, https://doi.org/10.1029/94PA03056, 1995.
Toggweiler, J., Russell, J., and Carson, S.: Midlatitude westerlies, atmospheric CO
2, and climate change during the ice ages, Paleoceanography, 21, PA2005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001154, 2006.
Valdes, P.: Built for stability, Nat. Geosci., 4, 414–416, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1200, 2011.
Van Meerbeeck, C. J., Renssen, H., and Roche, D. M.: How did Marine Isotope Stage 3 and Last Glacial Maximum climates differ? – Perspectives from equilibrium simulations, Clim. Past, 5, 33–51, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-33-2009, 2009.
Vink, A., Rühlemann, C., Zonneveld, K., Mulitza, S., Hüls, M., and Willems, H.: Shifts in the position of the North Equatorial Current and rapid productivity changes in the western Tropical Atlantic during the last glacial, Paleoceanography, 16, 479–490, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000PA000582, 2001.
Voelker, A.: Global distribution of centennial-scale records for Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3: a database, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 21, 1185–1212, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00139-1, 2002.
Voelker, A., de Abreu, L., Sch{ö}nfeld, J., Erlenkeuser, H., and Abrantes, F.: Hydrographic conditions along the western Iberian margin during marine isotope stage 2, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst, 10, Q12U08, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002605, 2009.
Weinelt, M., Rosell-Mel{é}, A., Pflaumann, U., Sarnthein, M., and Kiefer, T.: Zur Rolle der Produktivit{ä}t im Nordostatlantik bei abrupten Klima{ä}nderungen in den letzten 80 000 Jahren, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{ü}r Geowissenschaften ZDGG, 154, 47–66, 2003.
Zarriess, M. and Mackensen, A.: The tropical rainbelt and productivity changes off northwest Africa: A 31,000-year high-resolution record, Mar. Micropaleontol., 76, 76–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2010.06.001, 2010.
