Articles | Volume 7, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-881-2011
© Author(s) 2011. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-881-2011
© Author(s) 2011. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Holocene vegetation and biomass changes on the Tibetan Plateau – a model-pollen data comparison
A. Dallmeyer
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, KlimaCampus Hamburg, Germany
M. Claussen
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, KlimaCampus Hamburg, Germany
Meteorological Institute, University of Hamburg, KlimaCampus Hamburg, Germany
U. Herzschuh
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
N. Fischer
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, KlimaCampus Hamburg, Germany
International Max-Planck-Research School, Hamburg, Germany
Related subject area
Subject: Vegetation Dynamics | Archive: Terrestrial Archives | Timescale: Holocene
Refining data–data and data–model vegetation comparisons using the Earth mover's distance (EMD)
Palynological evidence reveals an arid early Holocene for the northeast Tibetan Plateau
Holocene wildfire regimes in western Siberia: interaction between peatland moisture conditions and the composition of plant functional types
2400 years of climate and human-induced environmental change recorded in sediments of Lake Młynek in northern Poland
Climate impacts on vegetation and fire dynamics since the last deglaciation at Moossee (Switzerland)
The 4.2 ka event in the vegetation record of the central Mediterranean
Vegetation and geochemical responses to Holocene rapid climate change in the Sierra Nevada (southeastern Iberia): the Laguna Hondera record
Response of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica to water change and drought history reconstruction in the past 260 years, northeast China
Vegetation history and paleoclimate at Lake Dojran (FYROM/Greece) during the Late Glacial and Holocene
Holocene climate aridification trend and human impact interrupted by millennial- and centennial-scale climate fluctuations from a new sedimentary record from Padul (Sierra Nevada, southern Iberian Peninsula)
Dendrochronologically dated pine stumps document phase-wise bog expansion at a northwest German site between ca. 6700 and ca. 3400 BC
Autumn–winter minimum temperature changes in the southern Sikhote-Alin mountain range of northeastern Asia since 1529 AD
Postglacial fire history and interactions with vegetation and climate in southwestern Yunnan Province of China
Precipitation changes in the Mediterranean basin during the Holocene from terrestrial and marine pollen records: a model–data comparison
Environmental changes, climate and anthropogenic impact in south-east Tunisia during the last 8 kyr
Climate variability and human impact in South America during the last 2000 years: synthesis and perspectives from pollen records
Holocene Asian monsoon evolution revealed by a pollen record from an alpine lake on the southeastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China
7300 years of vegetation history and climate for NW Malta: a Holocene perspective
Climate-driven expansion of blanket bogs in Britain during the Holocene
Late Holocene vegetation changes in relation with climate fluctuations and human activity in Languedoc (southern France)
Effects of past climate variability on fire and vegetation in the cerrãdo savanna of the Huanchaca Mesetta, NE Bolivia
Environmental and climatic changes in central Chilean Patagonia since the Late Glacial (Mallín El Embudo, 44° S)
Quantitative reconstruction of precipitation changes on the NE Tibetan Plateau since the Last Glacial Maximum – extending the concept of pollen source area to pollen-based climate reconstructions from large lakes
The last 7 millennia of vegetation and climate changes at Lago di Pergusa (central Sicily, Italy)
Contrasting patterns of climatic changes during the Holocene across the Italian Peninsula reconstructed from pollen data
Climate and vegetation changes during the Lateglacial and early–middle Holocene at Lake Ledro (southern Alps, Italy)
The Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age in the eastern Ecuadorian Andes
Palynological evidence for gradual vegetation and climate changes during the African Humid Period termination at 13°N from a Mega-Lake Chad sedimentary sequence
Climate, people, fire and vegetation: new insights into vegetation dynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean since the 1st century AD
Pollen-based reconstruction of Holocene vegetation and climate in southern Italy: the case of Lago Trifoglietti
Vegetation history of central Chukotka deduced from permafrost paleoenvironmental records of the El'gygytgyn Impact Crater
A seesaw in Mediterranean precipitation during the Roman Period linked to millennial-scale changes in the North Atlantic
Hydroclimate variability in the low-elevation Atacama Desert over the last 2500 yr
Pollen, vegetation change and climate at Lake Barombi Mbo (Cameroon) during the last ca. 33 000 cal yr BP: a numerical approach
Late Holocene plant and climate evolution at Lake Yoa, northern Chad: pollen data and climate simulations
Vegetation response to the "African Humid Period" termination in Central Cameroon (7° N) – new pollen insight from Lake Mbalang
Putting the rise of the Inca Empire within a climatic and land management context
Manuel Chevalier, Anne Dallmeyer, Nils Weitzel, Chenzhi Li, Jean-Philippe Baudouin, Ulrike Herzschuh, Xianyong Cao, and Andreas Hense
Clim. Past, 19, 1043–1060, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1043-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1043-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Data–data and data–model vegetation comparisons are commonly based on comparing single vegetation estimates. While this approach generates good results on average, reducing pollen assemblages to single single plant functional type (PFT) or biome estimates can oversimplify the vegetation signal. We propose using a multivariate metric, the Earth mover's distance (EMD), to include more details about the vegetation structure when performing such comparisons.
Nannan Wang, Lina Liu, Xiaohuan Hou, Yanrong Zhang, Haicheng Wei, and Xianyong Cao
Clim. Past, 18, 2381–2399, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2381-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2381-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the vegetation and climate change since the last 14.2 ka BP from a fossil pollen record together with multiple proxies (grain size, contents of total organic carbon and total nitrogen) on the northeast Tibetan Plateau. The results reveal that an arid climate occurs in the early Holocene and the vegetation could be disturbed by human activities to some extent after ca. 0.24 ka BP (1710 CE).
Angelica Feurdean, Andrei-Cosmin Diaconu, Mirjam Pfeiffer, Mariusz Gałka, Simon M. Hutchinson, Geanina Butiseaca, Natalia Gorina, Spassimir Tonkov, Aidin Niamir, Ioan Tantau, Hui Zhang, and Sergey Kirpotin
Clim. Past, 18, 1255–1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1255-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1255-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We used palaeoecological records from peatlands in southern Siberia. We showed that warmer climate conditions have lowered the water level and increased the fuel amount and flammability, consequently also increasing the frequency and severity of fires as well as the composition of tree types.
Fabian Welc, Jerzy Nitychoruk, Leszek Marks, Krzysztof Bińka, Anna Rogóż-Matyszczak, Milena Obremska, and Abdelfattah Zalat
Clim. Past, 17, 1181–1198, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1181-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1181-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Młynek Lake, located near the village of Janiki Wielkie (in the Warmia and Masuria region of north-east Poland) has been selected for multi-faceted palaeoenvironmental research based on a precise radiocarbon scale. Bottom sediments of this reservoir also contain unique information about anthropogenic activity and climate changes during last 2400 years.
Fabian Rey, Erika Gobet, Christoph Schwörer, Albert Hafner, Sönke Szidat, and Willy Tinner
Clim. Past, 16, 1347–1367, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1347-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1347-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present a novel post Last Glacial Maximum sediment record from Moossee (Swiss Plateau, southern central Europe). For the first time, five major reorganizations of vegetation could be definitely linked to paramount postglacial temperature and/or moisture changes. Present-day beech-dominated forests have been resilient to long-term climate change and human land use. They may prevail in future if climate warming does not exceed the amplitude of Mid Holocene temperature and moisture variability.
Federico Di Rita and Donatella Magri
Clim. Past, 15, 237–251, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-237-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-237-2019, 2019
Jose M. Mesa-Fernández, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Marta Rodrigo-Gámiz, Antonio García-Alix, Francisco J. Jiménez-Espejo, Francisca Martínez-Ruiz, R. Scott Anderson, Jon Camuera, and María J. Ramos-Román
Clim. Past, 14, 1687–1706, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1687-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1687-2018, 2018
Liangjun Zhu, Qichao Yao, David J. Cooper, Shijie Han, and Xiaochun Wang
Clim. Past, 14, 1213–1228, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1213-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1213-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a 260-year tree-ring-based PDSI reconstruction for the central Daxing'an Mountains, northeast China. A warm–wet pattern was identified for the Daxing'an Mountains in recent decades, while a warm–dry pattern was found for the Mongolian Plateau. Overall, the dry/wet variability of the Daxing'an Mountains and its relationship with the surrounding areas might be driven by Pacific and Atlantic Ocean oscillations.
Alessia Masi, Alexander Francke, Caterina Pepe, Matthias Thienemann, Bernd Wagner, and Laura Sadori
Clim. Past, 14, 351–367, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-351-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-351-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The first high-resolution Lake Dojran pollen record for the last 12 500 years is presented. The ecological succession shows Late Glacial steppe vegetation gradually replaced, since 11 500 yr BP, by Holocene mesophilous forests. The first human traces are recorded around 5000 yr BP and increased considerably since the Bronze Age. Pollen data and sedimentological, biomarker and diatom data available from the same core contribute to an understanding of the environmental history of the Balkans.
María J. Ramos-Román, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Jon Camuera, Antonio García-Alix, R. Scott Anderson, Francisco J. Jiménez-Espejo, and José S. Carrión
Clim. Past, 14, 117–137, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-117-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-117-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we carried out a multiproxy high-resolution analysis on a sediment record from the Padul Basin in the Sierra Nevada (southern Iberian Peninsula). Padul is a classical and very unique site from the Mediterranean area as it contains a very long and continuous Quaternary sedimentary record. However, the uppermost part of the record was never recovered. In this study we focus on the last 4700 cal yr BP of Holocene climate variability and human activity in the Mediterranean area.
Inke Elisabeth Maike Achterberg, Jan Eckstein, Bernhard Birkholz, Andreas Bauerochse, and Hanns Hubert Leuschner
Clim. Past, 14, 85–100, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-85-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-85-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
At a bog site at Totes Moor in northwest Germany a layer of pine tree stumps at the fen–bog transition was exposed by peat mining. The lateral expansion of ombrotrophic bog between 6703 BC and 3403 BC was reconstructed using the locations and dendrochronological dates of the tree stumps. The spatial pattern relates to the elevation a.s.l. of the mineral base beneath the peat. The temporal distribution of bog expansion pulses relates to climatic variation.
Olga N. Ukhvatkina, Alexander M. Omelko, Alexander A. Zhmerenetsky, and Tatyana Y. Petrenko
Clim. Past, 14, 57–71, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-57-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-57-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the minimum temperature for 505 years and found cold and warm periods, which correlate with reconstructed data for the Northern Hemisphere and neighboring territories. Our reconstructions are reflected in the fluctuations in ENSO, the short-term solar cycle, PDO, and the de Vries 200-year solar activity cycle. This is the first temperature reconstruction for this region and it is important for studying the climatic processes in the study region and in all of northeastern Asia.
Xiayun Xiao, Simon G. Haberle, Ji Shen, Bin Xue, Mark Burrows, and Sumin Wang
Clim. Past, 13, 613–627, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-613-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-613-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge of the past fire activity is a key for making sustainable management policies for forest ecosystems. A high-resolution macroscopic charcoal record from southwestern China reveals the postglacial fire history. Combined with the regional climate records and vegetation histories, it is concluded that fire was mainly controlled by climate before 4.3 ka and by combined action of climate and humans after 4.3 ka, and the relationship between fire activity and vegetation were also examined.
Odile Peyron, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, David Brayshaw, Simon Goring, Valérie Andrieu-Ponel, Stéphanie Desprat, Will Fletcher, Belinda Gambin, Chryssanthi Ioakim, Sébastien Joannin, Ulrich Kotthoff, Katerina Kouli, Vincent Montade, Jörg Pross, Laura Sadori, and Michel Magny
Clim. Past, 13, 249–265, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-249-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-249-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to reconstruct the climate evolution of the Mediterranean region during the Holocene from pollen data and model outputs. The model- and pollen-inferred precipitation estimates show overall agreement: the eastern Medit. experienced wetter-than-present summer conditions during the early–late Holocene. This regional climate model highlights how the patchy nature of climate signals and data in the Medit. may lead to stronger local signals than the large-scale pattern suggests.
Sahbi Jaouadi, Vincent Lebreton, Viviane Bout-Roumazeilles, Giuseppe Siani, Rached Lakhdar, Ridha Boussoffara, Laurent Dezileau, Nejib Kallel, Beya Mannai-Tayech, and Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout
Clim. Past, 12, 1339–1359, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1339-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1339-2016, 2016
S. G. A. Flantua, H. Hooghiemstra, M. Vuille, H. Behling, J. F. Carson, W. D. Gosling, I. Hoyos, M. P. Ledru, E. Montoya, F. Mayle, A. Maldonado, V. Rull, M. S. Tonello, B. S. Whitney, and C. González-Arango
Clim. Past, 12, 483–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-483-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-483-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper serves as a guide to high-quality pollen records in South America that capture environmental variability during the last 2 millennia. We identify the pollen records suitable for climate modelling and discuss their sensitivity to the spatial signature of climate modes. Furthermore, evidence for human land use in pollen records is useful for archaeological hypothesis testing and important in distinguishing natural from anthropogenically driven vegetation change.
Enlou Zhang, Yongbo Wang, Weiwei Sun, and Ji Shen
Clim. Past, 12, 415–427, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-415-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-415-2016, 2016
B. Gambin, V. Andrieu-Ponel, F. Médail, N. Marriner, O. Peyron, V. Montade, T. Gambin, C. Morhange, D. Belkacem, and M. Djamali
Clim. Past, 12, 273–297, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-273-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-273-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the study of ancient microfossils, such as pollen and spores, this paper explores climate change in a Mediterranean island context. Using a multi-disciplinary approach this original research corroborates existing archaeological and historical data. It also uses comparative data from elsewhere in the central Mediterranean to ensure that the current research is placed within the appropriate geographic context.
A. V. Gallego-Sala, D. J. Charman, S. P. Harrison, G. Li, and I. C. Prentice
Clim. Past, 12, 129–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-129-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-129-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
It has become a well-established paradigm that blanket bog landscapes in the British Isles are a result of forest clearance by early human populations. We provide a novel test of this hypothesis using results from bioclimatic modelling driven by cimate reconstructions compared with a database of peat initiation dates. Both results show similar patterns of peat initiation over time and space. This suggests that climate was the main driver of blanket bog inception and not human disturbance.
J. Azuara, N. Combourieu-Nebout, V. Lebreton, F. Mazier, S. D. Müller, and L. Dezileau
Clim. Past, 11, 1769–1784, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1769-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1769-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution pollen analyses undertaken on two cores from southern France allow us to separate anthropogenic effects from climatic impacts on environments over the last 4500 years. A long-term aridification trend is highlighted during the late Holocene, and three superimposed arid events are recorded around 4400, 2600 and 1200cal BP coinciding in time with Bond events. Human influence on vegetation is attested since the Bronze Age and became dominant at the beginning of the High Middle Ages.
S. Y. Maezumi, M. J. Power, F. E. Mayle, K. K. McLauchlan, and J. Iriarte
Clim. Past, 11, 835–853, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-835-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-835-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A 14,500-year, high-resolution, sedimentary record from Huanchaca Mesetta, a palm swamp located in the cerrãdo savanna in northeastern Bolivia, was analyzed for phytoliths, stable isotopes and charcoal. A non-analogue, cold-adapted vegetation community dominated the Late Glacial-Early Holocene period (14.5-9ka), which included trees and C3 Pooideae and C4 Panicoideae grasses. The Late Glacial vegetation was fire sensitive and fire activity during this period was low, likely responding to fuel av
M. E. de Porras, A. Maldonado, F. A. Quintana, A. Martel-Cea, O. Reyes, and C. Méndez
Clim. Past, 10, 1063–1078, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1063-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1063-2014, 2014
Y. Wang, U. Herzschuh, L. S. Shumilovskikh, S. Mischke, H. J. B. Birks, J. Wischnewski, J. Böhner, F. Schlütz, F. Lehmkuhl, B. Diekmann, B. Wünnemann, and C. Zhang
Clim. Past, 10, 21–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-21-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-21-2014, 2014
L. Sadori, E. Ortu, O. Peyron, G. Zanchetta, B. Vannière, M. Desmet, and M. Magny
Clim. Past, 9, 1969–1984, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1969-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1969-2013, 2013
O. Peyron, M. Magny, S. Goring, S. Joannin, J.-L. de Beaulieu, E. Brugiapaglia, L. Sadori, G. Garfi, K. Kouli, C. Ioakim, and N. Combourieu-Nebout
Clim. Past, 9, 1233–1252, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1233-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1233-2013, 2013
S. Joannin, B. Vannière, D. Galop, O. Peyron, J. N. Haas, A. Gilli, E. Chapron, S. B. Wirth, F. Anselmetti, M. Desmet, and M. Magny
Clim. Past, 9, 913–933, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-913-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-913-2013, 2013
M.-P. Ledru, V. Jomelli, P. Samaniego, M. Vuille, S. Hidalgo, M. Herrera, and C. Ceron
Clim. Past, 9, 307–321, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-307-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-307-2013, 2013
P. G. C. Amaral, A. Vincens, J. Guiot, G. Buchet, P. Deschamps, J.-C. Doumnang, and F. Sylvestre
Clim. Past, 9, 223–241, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-223-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-223-2013, 2013
J. Bakker, E. Paulissen, D. Kaniewski, J. Poblome, V. De Laet, G. Verstraeten, and M. Waelkens
Clim. Past, 9, 57–87, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-57-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-57-2013, 2013
S. Joannin, E. Brugiapaglia, J.-L. de Beaulieu, L. Bernardo, M. Magny, O. Peyron, S. Goring, and B. Vannière
Clim. Past, 8, 1973–1996, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1973-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1973-2012, 2012
A. A. Andreev, E. Morozova, G. Fedorov, L. Schirrmeister, A. A. Bobrov, F. Kienast, and G. Schwamborn
Clim. Past, 8, 1287–1300, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1287-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1287-2012, 2012
B. J. Dermody, H. J. de Boer, M. F. P. Bierkens, S. L. Weber, M. J. Wassen, and S. C. Dekker
Clim. Past, 8, 637–651, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-637-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-637-2012, 2012
E. M. Gayo, C. Latorre, C. M. Santoro, A. Maldonado, and R. De Pol-Holz
Clim. Past, 8, 287–306, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-287-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-287-2012, 2012
J. Lebamba, A. Vincens, and J. Maley
Clim. Past, 8, 59–78, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-59-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-59-2012, 2012
A.-M. Lézine, W. Zheng, P. Braconnot, and G. Krinner
Clim. Past, 7, 1351–1362, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1351-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1351-2011, 2011
A. Vincens, G. Buchet, M. Servant, and ECOFIT Mbalang collaborators
Clim. Past, 6, 281–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-281-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-281-2010, 2010
A. J. Chepstow-Lusty, M. R. Frogley, B. S. Bauer, M. J. Leng, K. P. Boessenkool, C. Carcaillet, A. A. Ali, and A. Gioda
Clim. Past, 5, 375–388, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-375-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-375-2009, 2009
Cited articles
Adler, R. F., Huffman, G. J., Chang, A., Ferraro, R., Xie, P., Janowiak, J., Rudolf, B., Schneider, U., Curtis, S., Bolvin, D., Gruber, A., Susskind, J., and Arkin, P.: The Version 2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Monthly Precipitation Anaysis (1979-Present), J. Hydrometeor., 4, 1147–1167, 2003.
Aldenderfer, M. S.: Modeling the Neolithic on the Tibetan Plateau, in: Late Quaternary climate change and human adaption in arid China, edited by: Madsen, D. B., Chen, F., and Gao, X., Developments in Quaternary Science, 151–166, 2007.
Aldenderfer, M. and Zhang, Y.: The prehistory of the Tibetan Plateau to the seventh century A.D.: perspectives and research from China and the West since 1950, J. World Prehist., 18, 1–55, 2004.
Asnani, G. C.: Tropical meteorology, published by G. C. Asnani, c/o Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Noble Printers, Pashan, Pune-411008, India, 1202 pp., (2 vols.), 1993.
Birks, H. J. B. and Birks, H. H.: Quaternary Palaeoecology, Edward Arnold, London, 289 pp., 1980.
Brantingham, P. J. and Gao, X.: Peopling of the northern Tibetan Plateau, World Archaeol., 38, 387–414, 2006.
Broström, A., Coe, M., Harrison, S. P., Gallimore, R., Kutzbach, J. E., Foley, J. A., Prentice, I. C., and Behling, P.: Land surface feedbacks and palaeomonsoons in northern Africa, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(19), 3615–3618, 1998.
Brovkin, V., Raddatz, T., Reick, C. H., Claussen, M., and Gayler, V.: Global biogeophysical interactions between forest and climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L07405, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL037543, 2009.
Claussen, M. and Gayler, V.: The greening of Sahara during the mid-Holocene: Results of an interactive atmosphere – biome model, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 6, 369–377, 1997.
Claussen, M., Brovkin, V., and Ganopolski, A.: Biogeophysical versus biogeochemical feedbacks of large-scale land cover change, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(6), 1011–1014, 2001.
Cour, P., Zheng, Z., Duzer, D., Calleja, M., and Yao, Z.: Vegetational and climatic significance of modern pollen rain in northwestern Tibet, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 104, 183–204, 1999.
Cui, X. and Graf, H.F.: Recent land cover changes on the Tibetan Plateau: a review, Climate Change, 94, 47–61, 2009.
Cui, X., Graf, H. F., Langmann, B., Chen, W., and Huang, R.: Climate impacts of anthropogenic land use changes on the Tibetan Plateau, Global Planet. Change, 54, 33–56, 2006.
Dallmeyer, A., Claussen, M., and Otto, J.: Contribution of oceanic and vegetation feedbacks to Holocene climate change in monsoonal Asia, Clim. Past, 6, 195–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-195-2010, 2010.
Dearing, J. A., Jones, R. T., Shen, J., Yang, X., Boyle, J. F., Foster, G. C., Crook, D. S., and Elvin, M. J. D.: Using multiple archives to understand past and present climate-human-environment interactions: the lake Erhai catchment, Yunnan Province, China, J. Paleolimnol., 40, 3–31, 2008.
Diffenbaugh, N. S. and Sloan, L. C.: Global climate sensitivity to land surface change: The mid Holocene revisited, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(10), 1476, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL014880, 2002.
Duan, A. and Wu, G. X.: Role of the Tibetan Plateau thermal forcing in the summer climate pattern over subtropical Asia, Clim. Dynam., 24, 793–807, 2005.
Fang, J., Chen, A., Peng, C., Zhao, S., and Ci, L.: Changes in forest biomass carbon storage in China between 1949 and 1998, Science, 292, 2320, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1058629, 2001.
Fischer, N. and Jungclaus, J. H.: Evolution of the seasonal temperature cycle in a transient Holocene simulation: orbital forcing and sea-ice, Clim. Past Discuss., 7, 463–483, https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-7-463-2011, 2011.
Fleitmann, D., Burns, S. J., Mudelsee, M., Neff, U., Kramers, J., Mangini, A., and Matter, A.: Holocene forcing of the Indian monsoon recorded in a stalagmite from Southern Oman, Science, 300, 1737–1739, 2003.
Fontes, J., Gasse, F., and Gibert, E.: Holocene environmental changes in Lake Bangong basin (Western Tibet). Part 1: Chronology and stable isotopes of carbonates of a Holocene lacustrine core, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 120 (1–2), 25–47, 1996.
Gaillard, M.-J., Sugita, S., Mazier, F., Trondman, A.-K., Broström, A., Hickler, T., Kaplan, J. O., Kjellström, E., Kokfelt, U., Kuneš, P., Lemmen, C., Miller, P., Olofsson, J., Poska, A., Rundgren, M., Smith, B., Strandberg, G., Fyfe, R., Nielsen, A. B., Alenius, T., Balakauskas, L., Barnekow, L., Birks, H. J. B., Bjune, A., Björkman, L., Giesecke, T., Hjelle, K., Kalnina, L., Kangur, M., van der Knaap, W. O., Koff, T., Lagerås, P., Latalowa, M., Leydet, M., Lechterbeck, J., Lindbladh, M., Odgaard, B., Peglar, S., Segerström, U., von Stedingk, H., and Seppä, H.: Holocene land-cover reconstructions for studies on land cover-climate feedbacks, Clim. Past, 6, 483–499, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-483-2010https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-483-2010, 2010.
Gasse, F., Arnold, M., Fontes, J. Ch., Fort, M., Gibert, E., Huc, A., Bingyan, L., Yuanfang, L., Qing, L., Mélières, F., Van Campo, E., Fubao, W., and Qingsong, Z.: A 13000 yr climate record from Western Tibet, Nature, 353, 742–-745, https://doi.org/10.1038/353742a0, 1991.
Gehrig, R. and Peeters, A. G.: Pollen distribution at elevations above 1000 m in Switzerland, Aerobiologia, 16, 69–74, 2000.
Herzschuh, U. and Birks, J.: Evaluating the indicator value of Tibetan pollen taxa for modern vegetation and climate, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno, 160, 197–208, 2010.
Herzschuh, U., Winter, K., Wünnemann, B., and Li, S.: A general cooling trend on the central Tibetan Plateau throughout the Holocene recorded by the Lake Zigetang pollen spectra, Quat. Int., 154–155, 113–121, 2006.
Herzschuh, U., Birks, H. J. B., Ni, J., Zhao, Y., Liu, H., Liu, X., and Grosse, G.: Holocene land-cover changes on the Tibetan Plateau, The Holocene, 20, 91–104, 2010a.
Herzschuh, U., Birks, H. J. B., Mischke, S., Zhang, C., and Böhner, J.: A modern pollen-climate calibration set based on lake sediments from the Tibetan Plateau and its application to a Late Quaternary pollen record from the Qilian Mountains, J. Biogeogr., 37, 752–766, 2010b.
Hou, X. (chief ed.): Vegetation atlas of China, Science Press, Beijing, 2001.
Hsu, H.-H. and Liu, X.: Relationship between the Tibetan Plateau heating and East Asian summer monsoon rainfall, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(20), 2066, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017909, 2003.
Jacobson Jr., G. L. and Bradshaw, R. H. W.: The selection of sites for paleovegetational studies, Quat. Res., 16, 80–96, 1981.
Jungclaus, J. H., Botzet, M., Haak, H., Keenlyside, N., Luo, J.-J., Latif, M., Marotzke, J., Mikolajewicz, U., and Roeckner, E.: Ocean circulation and tropical variability in the coupled model ECHAM5/MPI-OM, J. Climate, 19, 3952–3972, 2006.
Kleinen, T., Tarasov, P., Brovkin, V., Andreev, A., and Stebich, M.: Comparison of modeled and reconstructed changes in forest cover through the past 8000 years: Eurasian perspective, The Holocene, 21(5), 723–734, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683610386980, 2011.
Kramer, A., Herzschuh, U., Mischke, S., and Zhang, C.: Holocene treeline shifts and monsoon variability in the Hengduan Mountains (southeastern Tibetan Plateau), implications from palynological investigations, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 286(1–2), 23–41, 2010.
Levis, S., Bonan, G. B., and Bonfils, C.: Soil feedback drives the mid-Holocene North African monsoon northward in fully coupled CCSM2 simulations with a dynamic vegetation model, Clim. Dynam., 23, 791–802, 2004.
Li, Y., Harrison, S., Zhao, P., and Ju, J.: Simulations of the impact of dynamic vegetation on interannual and interdecadal variability of Asian summer monsoon with modern and mid-Holocene orbital forcings, Global Planet. Change, 66(3/4), 235–252, 2009.
Liu, X., Shen, J., Wang, S., Wang, Y., and Liu, W.: Southwest monsoon changes indicated by oxygen isotop of ostracode shells from sediments in Qinghai Lake since the late Glacial, Chinese Sci. Bull., 52, 539–544, 2007.
Liu, Y. M., Bao, Q., Duan, A. M., Qian, Z. A., and Wu, G. X.: Recent progress in the impact of the Tibetan Plateau on climate in China, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 24, 1060–1076, 2007.
Maher, B. A.: Holocene variability of the East Asian summer monsoon from Chinese cave records: a re-assessment, The Holocene, 18(6), 861–866, 2008.
Markgraf, V.: Pollen dispersal in a mountain area, Grana, 19, 127–146, 1980.
Marsland, S. J., Haak, H., Jungclaus, J. H., Latif, M., and Roske, F.: The Max-Planck-Institute global ocean/sea ice model with orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, Ocean Modell., 5, 91–127, 2003.
Miller, P. A., Giesecke, T., Hickler, T., Bradshaw, R. H. W., Smith, B., Seppä, H., Valdes, P. J., and Sykes, M. T.: Exploring climatic and biotic controls on Holocene vegetation change in Fennoscandia, J. Ecol., 96, 247–259, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01342.x, 2008.
Prentice, I. C., Guiot, J., Huntley, B., Jolly, D., and Cheddadi, R.: Reconstructing biomes from palaecological data: a general method and its application to European pollen data at 0 and 6 ka, Clim. Dynam., 12, 185–194, 1996.
Raddatz, T. J., Reick, C. H., Knorr, W., Kattge, J., Roeckner, E., Schnur, R., Schnitzler, K.-G., Wetzel, P., and Jungclaus, J.: Will the tropical land biosphere dominate the climate-carbon cycle feedback during the twenty-first century?, Clim. Dynam., 29, 565–574, 2007.
Ren, G.: Decline of the mid- to late Holocene forests in China: climatic change or human impact?, J. Quat. Sci., 15(3), 273–281, 2000.
Rhode, D., Zhang, H. Y., Madsen, D. B., Xing, G., Brantingham, R. J., Ma, H. Z., and Olsen, J. W.: Epipaleolithic/early Neolithic settlements at Qinghai Lake, western China, J. Archaeol. Sci., 34, 600–612, 2007.
Rodwell, M. and Hoskins B.: Monsoons and the dynamics of deserts, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 122, 1385–1404, 1996.
Roeckner, E., Bäuml, G., Bonaventura, L., Brokopf, R., Esch, M., Giorgetta, M., Hagemann, S., Kirchner, I., Kornblueh, L., Manzini, E., Rhodin, A., Schlese, U., Schultzweida, U., and Tompkins, A.: The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM5. Part I: Model description. Max-Planck-Inst. f. Meteor., Report No. 349, Hamburg, 2003.
Schlütz, F. and Lehmkuhl, F.: Holocene climatic change and the nomadic Anthropocene in Eastern Tibet: palynological and geomorphological results from the Niabooyeze Mountains, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 1449–1471, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.01.009, 2009.
Shen, J., Liu, X., Wang, S., and Ryo, M.: Paleoclimatic changes in the Qinghai Lake area during the last 18.000 years, Quat. Int., 136, 131–140, 2005.
Shen, J., Jones, R. T., and Yang, X.: The Holocene vegetation history of Lake Erhai, Yunnan Province southwestern China: the role of climate and human forcings, The Holocene, 16, 265–276, 2006.
Simmons, A. J. and Gibson, J. K.: The ERA-40 Project Plan, ERA{\-}40 Project Report Series No. 1 ECMWF. Shinfield Park, Reading, UK, 63 pp., 2000.
Sun, H. (chief editor): The national physical atlas of China. China Cartographic Publishing House, 230 pp., 1999.
Sitch, S., Smith, B., Prentice, I. C., Arneth, A., Bondeau, A., Cramer, W., Kaplan, J. O., Levis, S., Lucht, W., Sykes, M. T., Thonicke, K., and Venevsky, S.: Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model, Glob. Change Biol., 9, 161–185, 2003.
Studley, J.: Forests and environmental degradation in SW China, Int. For. Rev., 1, 260–265, 1999.
Tang, L. Y., Shen, C. M., Li, C. H., Peng, J. L., Liu, H., Liu, K. B., Morrill, C., Overpeck, J. T., Cole, J. E., and Bao, Y.: Pollen-inferred vegetation and environmental changes in the central Tibetan Plateau since 8200 yr BP, Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci., 52(8), 1104–1114, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-009-0080-5, 2009.
Ueno, K., Fujii, H., Yamada, H., and Liu, L.: Weak and frequent monsoon precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn, 79(1B), 419–434, 2001.
Van Campo, E., Cour, P., and Sixuan, H.: Holocene environmental changes in Bangong Co basin (Western Tibet). Part 2: The pollen record. Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 120(1–2), 49–63, 1996.
Wang, B., Bao, Q., Hoskins, B., Wu, G. X., and Liu, Y.: Tibetan Plateau warming and precipitation changes in East Asia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35(14), L14702, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034330, 2008.
Wang, Y. J., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., He, Y. Q., Kong, X. G., An, Z. S., Wu, J. Y., Kelly, M. J., Dykoski, C. A., and Li, X. D.: The Holocene Asian monsoon: Links to solar changes and North Atlantic climate, Science, 308, 854–857, 2005.
Wischnewski, J., Mischke, S., Wang, Y., and Herzschuh, U.: Reconstructing climate variability on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau since the last Lateglacial – a multi-proxy, dual-site approach comparing terrestrial and aquatic signals, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30(1–2), 82–97, 2011.
Wohlfahrt, J., Harrison, S. P., Braconnot, P., Hewitt, C. D., Kitoh, A., Mikolajewicz, U., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., and Weber, S. L.: Evaluation of coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations of the mid-Holocene using palaeovegetation data from the northern hemisphere extratropics, Clim. Dynam., 31, 871–890, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-008-0415-5, 2008.
Wu, G. X.: Recent advances in Qinghai-Xizhang-Plateau climate dynamic research, Quarterly Sci., 24(1), 1–9, 2004 (in Chinese).
Wu, G. X. and Zhang, Y. S.: Tibetan Plateau forcing and the timing of the monsoon onset over South Asia and the South China Sea, Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 913–927, 1998.
Wu, G. X., Wang, J., Liu, X., and Liu, Y. M.: Numerical modelling of the influence of Eurasian orography on the atmospheric circulation in different seasons, Acta Meteorol. Sin., 63(5), 603–612, 2005 (in Chinese).
Wu, G. X., Liu, Y. M., Wang, T. M., Wan, R., Liu, X., Li, W., Wang, Z., Zhang, Q., Duan, A., and Liang, X.: The influence of the mechanical and thermal forcing of the Tibetan plateau on the Asian climate, J. Hydrometeorol., 8, 770–789, 2007.
Xu, H., Hou, Z. H., Ai, L., and Tan, L. C.: Precipitation at Lake Qinghai, NE Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and its relation to Asian summer monsoons on decadal/interdecadal scales during the past 500 years, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 254, 541–549, 2007.
Yanai, M. and Wu, G. X.: Effects of the Tibetan Plateau. The Asian Monsoon, B. Wang, Ed., Springer, 513–549, 2006.
Yasunari, T.: Role of Land-Atmosphere Interaction on Asian Monsoon Climate, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 85B, 55–75, 2007.
Ye, D. Z. and Wu, G. X.: The role of the heat source of the Tibetan Plateau in the general circulation, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 67, 181–198, 1998.
Yu, G., Prentice, I. C., Harrison, S. P., and Sun, X.: Pollen-based biome reconstruction for China at 0 and 6000 years, J. Biogeogr., 25, 1055–1069, 1998.
Yu, G., Chen, X., Ni, J., Cheddadi, R., Guiot, J., Han, H., Harrison, S. P., Huang, C., Ke, M., Kong, Z., Li, S., Li, W., Liew, P., Liu, G., Liu, J., Liu, Q., Liu, K.-B., Prentice, I. C., Qui, W., Ren, G., Song, C., Sugita, S., Sun, X., Tang, L., Van Campo, E., Xia, Y., Xu, Q., Yan, S., Yang, X., Zhao, J., and Zheng, Z.: Palaeovegetation of China: a pollen date-based synthesis for the mid-Holocene and last glacial maximum, J. Biogeogr., 27, 635–664, 2000.
Zhang, P., Shao, G., Zhao, G., Le Master, D., Parker, G., Dunning Jr., J., and Li, Q.: Ecology: China's forest policy for the 21st century, Science, 288, 2135, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5474.2135, 2000.
Zhang, Q. Y., Jin, Z. H., and Peng, J. B.: The relationship between convection over the Tibetan Plateau and circulation over East Asia, Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 802–812, 2006 (in Chinese).