Articles | Volume 22, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1691-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1691-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Sep 2026
Research article |
| 15 Sep 2026
| 15 Sep 2026
Complex interplay of forcings drives Indian vegetation and summer monsoon variability during MIS 11
Dulce Oliveira
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), 1495-165 Algés, Portugal
Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5805 EPOC, 33600 Pessac, France
Stéphanie Desprat
Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5805 EPOC, 33600 Pessac, France
Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), PSL University, Paris, France
Qiuzhen Yin
Earth and Climate Research Center, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Coralie Zorzi
Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), 1495-165 Algés, Portugal
Zhipeng Wu
Earth and Climate Research Center, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Krishnamurthy Anupama
French Institute of Pondicherry (IFP), Laboratory of Palynology & Paleoecology, UAR 3330 / CNRS-MAEE, 605001 Pondicherry, India
Srinivasan Prasad
French Institute of Pondicherry (IFP), Laboratory of Palynology & Paleoecology, UAR 3330 / CNRS-MAEE, 605001 Pondicherry, India
Montserrat Alonso-García
Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geology (Paleontology), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
Philippe Martinez
Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5805 EPOC, 33600 Pessac, France
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Short summary
We present an unprecedented record of Indian summer monsoon (ISM)-induced vegetation changes for Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11, a key interglacial. Site U1446 pollen data and models show that ISM-vegetation shifts stem from an interplay of dominant forcings based on boundary conditions. Insolation is the main driver during MIS 11c interglacial conditions, akin to future scenarios, while ice volume and CO₂ prevail in the glacial inception. Superimposed changes are marked by prominent forest contractions and expansions.
We present an unprecedented record of Indian summer monsoon (ISM)-induced vegetation changes for...
