Climate of the Past
Climate of the Past
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Articles | Volume 22, issue 8
Articles | Volume 22, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1423-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1423-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 22, issue 8
Research article
 | 
04 Aug 2026
Research article |  | 04 Aug 2026

Multidecadal behavior of the North Atlantic Oscillation during the last millennium

Andrew A. Flaim, Bronwen L. Konecky, and Sloan Coats

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Short summary
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is an important driver of year-to-year weather variability in Europe and North America, but its behavior on longer timescales is disputed. We present a new reconstruction of the NAO over the last millennium using water isotope proxy data from ice cores, speleothems, trees, and other archives. We find pronounced but irregular multidecadal to centennial variability. Better accounting for such variability in climate models is crucial to better project future climate.
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