Articles | Volume 21, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1281-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1281-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Jul 2025
Research article |
| 18 Jul 2025
| 18 Jul 2025
Persistent deep-water formation in the Nordic Seas during Marine Isotope Stages 5 and 4 notwithstanding changes in Atlantic overturning
Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
Henning A. Bauch
Research Division Ocean Circulation and Climate Dynamics, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
Marine Geology Department, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
Daniel A. Frick
Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
Jimin Yu
Department of Ocean Sciences and Interdisciplinary Frontiers, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
Julia Gottschalk
Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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Tsai-Wen Lin, Tommaso Tesi, Jens Hefter, Hendrik Grotheer, Jutta Wollenburg, Florian Adolphi, Henning A. Bauch, Alessio Nogarotto, Juliane Müller, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Clim. Past, 21, 753–772, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-753-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-753-2025, 2025
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In order to understand the mechanisms governing permafrost organic matter remobilization, we investigated organic matter composition during past intervals of rapid sea-level rise, of inland warming, and of dense sea-ice cover in the Laptev Sea. We find that sea-level rise resulted in widespread erosion and transport of permafrost materials to the ocean but that erosion is mitigated by regional dense sea-ice cover. Factors like inland warming or floods increase permafrost mobilization locally.
Babette A.A. Hoogakker, Catherine Davis, Yi Wang, Stephanie Kusch, Katrina Nilsson-Kerr, Dalton S. Hardisty, Allison Jacobel, Dharma Reyes Macaya, Nicolaas Glock, Sha Ni, Julio Sepúlveda, Abby Ren, Alexandra Auderset, Anya V. Hess, Katrin J. Meissner, Jorge Cardich, Robert Anderson, Christine Barras, Chandranath Basak, Harold J. Bradbury, Inda Brinkmann, Alexis Castillo, Madelyn Cook, Kassandra Costa, Constance Choquel, Paula Diz, Jonas Donnenfield, Felix J. Elling, Zeynep Erdem, Helena L. Filipsson, Sebastián Garrido, Julia Gottschalk, Anjaly Govindankutty Menon, Jeroen Groeneveld, Christian Hallmann, Ingrid Hendy, Rick Hennekam, Wanyi Lu, Jean Lynch-Stieglitz, Lélia Matos, Alfredo Martínez-García, Giulia Molina, Práxedes Muñoz, Simone Moretti, Jennifer Morford, Sophie Nuber, Svetlana Radionovskaya, Morgan Reed Raven, Christopher J. Somes, Anja S. Studer, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Raúl Tapia, Martin Tetard, Tyler Vollmer, Xingchen Wang, Shuzhuang Wu, Yan Zhang, Xin-Yuan Zheng, and Yuxin Zhou
Biogeosciences, 22, 863–957, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-863-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-863-2025, 2025
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Paleo-oxygen proxies can extend current records, constrain pre-anthropogenic baselines, provide datasets necessary to test climate models under different boundary conditions, and ultimately understand how ocean oxygenation responds on longer timescales. Here we summarize current proxies used for the reconstruction of Cenozoic seawater oxygen levels. This includes an overview of the proxy's history, how it works, resources required, limitations, and future recommendations.
Jennifer L. Middleton, Julia Gottschalk, Gisela Winckler, Jean Hanley, Carol Knudson, Jesse R. Farmer, Frank Lamy, Lorraine E. Lisiecki, and Expedition 383 Scientists
Geochronology, 6, 125–145, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-125-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-125-2024, 2024
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We present oxygen isotope data for a new sediment core from the South Pacific and assign ages to our record by aligning distinct patterns in observed oxygen isotope changes to independently dated target records with the same patterns. We examine the age uncertainties associated with this approach caused by human vs. automated alignment and the sensitivity of outcomes to the choice of alignment target. These efforts help us understand the timing of past climate changes.
Daniel A. Frick, Rainer Remus, Michael Sommer, Jürgen Augustin, Danuta Kaczorek, and Friedhelm von Blanckenburg
Biogeosciences, 17, 6475–6490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6475-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6475-2020, 2020
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Silicon is taken up by some plants to increase structural stability and to develop stress resistance and is rejected by others. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we used the stable isotopes of silicon that shift in their relative abundance depending on the biochemical transformation involved. On species with a rejective (tomato, mustard) and active (wheat) uptake mechanism, grown in hydroculture, we found that the transport of silicic acid is controlled by the precipitation of biogenic opal.
Anastasia Zhuravleva and Henning A. Bauch
Clim. Past, 14, 1361–1375, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1361-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1361-2018, 2018
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New foraminiferal data from the Bahama region are used to investigate the mechanisms regulating subtropical climate. Our results suggest that the sensitivity of the low-latitude climate increased at times of enhanced sea-surface freshening in the subpolar North Atlantic. This has further implications for future climate development, given the ongoing melting of the Greenland ice sheet.
M. M. Telesiński, R. F. Spielhagen, and H. A. Bauch
Clim. Past, 10, 123–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-123-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-123-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Carbon Cycle | Archive: Marine Archives | Timescale: Pleistocene
Environmental controls of rapid terrestrial organic matter mobilization to the western Laptev Sea since the Last Deglaciation
No detectable influence of the carbonate ion effect on changes in stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of shallow dwelling planktic foraminifera over the past 160 kyr
Deglacial export of pre-aged terrigenous carbon to the Bay of Biscay
Atmospheric CO2 estimates for the Miocene to Pleistocene based on foraminiferal δ11B at Ocean Drilling Program Sites 806 and 807 in the Western Equatorial Pacific
Nutrient utilization and diatom productivity changes in the low-latitude south-eastern Atlantic over the past 70 ka: response to Southern Ocean leakage
Coccolithophore productivity at the western Iberian Margin during the Middle Pleistocene (310–455 ka) – evidence from coccolith Sr∕Ca data
Carbon burial in deep-sea sediment and implications for oceanic inventories of carbon and alkalinity over the last glacial cycle
Tsai-Wen Lin, Tommaso Tesi, Jens Hefter, Hendrik Grotheer, Jutta Wollenburg, Florian Adolphi, Henning A. Bauch, Alessio Nogarotto, Juliane Müller, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Clim. Past, 21, 753–772, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-753-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-753-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In order to understand the mechanisms governing permafrost organic matter remobilization, we investigated organic matter composition during past intervals of rapid sea-level rise, of inland warming, and of dense sea-ice cover in the Laptev Sea. We find that sea-level rise resulted in widespread erosion and transport of permafrost materials to the ocean but that erosion is mitigated by regional dense sea-ice cover. Factors like inland warming or floods increase permafrost mobilization locally.
Peter Köhler and Stefan Mulitza
Clim. Past, 20, 991–1015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-991-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-991-2024, 2024
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We constructed 160 kyr long mono-specific stacks of δ13C and of δ18O from the wider tropics from the planktic foraminifera G. ruber and/or T. sacculifer and compared them with carbon cycle simulations using the BICYCLE-SE model. In our stacks and our model-based interpretation, we cannot detect a species-specific isotopic fractionation during hard-shell formation as a function of carbonate chemistry in the surrounding seawater, something which is called a carbonate ion effect.
Eduardo Queiroz Alves, Wanyee Wong, Jens Hefter, Hendrik Grotheer, Tommaso Tesi, Torben Gentz, Karin Zonneveld, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Clim. Past, 20, 121–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-121-2024, 2024
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Our study reveals a previously unknown peat source for the massive influx of terrestrial organic matter that was exported from the European continent to the ocean during the last deglaciation. Our findings shed light on ancient terrestrial organic carbon mobilization, providing insights that are crucial for refining climate models.
Maxence Guillermic, Sambuddha Misra, Robert Eagle, and Aradhna Tripati
Clim. Past, 18, 183–207, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-183-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-183-2022, 2022
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Here we reconstruct atmospheric CO2 values across major climate transitions over the past 16 million years (Myr) from two sites in the West Pacific Warm Pool using a pH proxy on surface-dwelling foraminifera. We are able to reproduce pCO2 data from ice cores; therefore we apply the same framework to older samples to create a long-term pH and pCO2 reconstruction. We give quantitative constraints on pH and pCO2 changes over the main climate transitions of the last 16 Myr.
Katharine Hendry, Oscar Romero, and Vanessa Pashley
Clim. Past, 17, 603–614, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-603-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-603-2021, 2021
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Productive eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUs) are characterized by abundant siliceous algae and diatoms, and they play a key role in carbon fixation. Understanding past shifts in diatom production is critical for predicting the impact of future climate change. We combine existing sediment archives from the Benguela EBU with new diatom isotope analyses and modelling to reconstruct late Quaternary silica cycling, which we suggest depends on both upwelling intensity and surface utilization.
Catarina Cavaleiro, Antje H. L. Voelker, Heather Stoll, Karl-Heinz Baumann, and Michal Kucera
Clim. Past, 16, 2017–2037, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2017-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2017-2020, 2020
Olivier Cartapanis, Eric D. Galbraith, Daniele Bianchi, and Samuel L. Jaccard
Clim. Past, 14, 1819–1850, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1819-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1819-2018, 2018
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A data-based reconstruction of carbon-bearing deep-sea sediment shows significant changes in the global burial rate over the last glacial cycle. We calculate the impact of these deep-sea changes, as well as hypothetical changes in continental shelf burial and volcanic outgassing. Our results imply that these geological fluxes had a significant impact on ocean chemistry and the global carbon isotopic ratio, and that the natural carbon cycle was not in steady state during the Holocene.
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Short summary
New bottom water reconstructions in the deep Norwegian Sea show higher [CO32-] values in Marine Isotope Stages 5 and 4 than in the Holocene. This suggests modern-like/persistent deep-water formation in this region, even when Atlantic overturning weakened and/or shoaled. Our data put new constraints on the endmember [CO32-] composition of northern component waters emerging from the Nordic Seas, with implications for the chemical characteristics and carbon storage capacity of the Atlantic Ocean.
New bottom water reconstructions in the deep Norwegian Sea show higher [CO32-] values in Marine...
