Articles | Volume 20, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-267-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-267-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Feb 2024
Research article |
| 02 Feb 2024
| 02 Feb 2024
Changes in the Red Sea overturning circulation during Marine Isotope Stage 3
Raphaël Hubert-Huard
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Geology, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Nils Andersen
Leibniz-Laboratory for Radiometric Dating and Stable Isotope Research, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 11–13, 24118 Kiel, Germany
Helge W. Arz
Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock–Warnemünde, Germany
Werner Ehrmann
Institute of Geophysics and Geology, Universität Leipzig, Talstrasse 35, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Gerhard Schmiedl
Institute for Geology, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Anjaly Govindankutty Menon, Aaron L. Bieler, Hanna Firrincieli, Rachel Alcorn, Niko Lahajnar, Catherine V. Davis, Ralf Schiebel, Dirk Nürnberg, Gerhard Schmiedl, and Nicolaas Glock
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1182, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1182, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Climate of the Past (CP).
Short summary
Short summary
The pore density (number of pores per unit area) of unicellular eukaryotes is used to reconstruct past bottom-water nitrate at the Sea of Okhotsk, the Gulf of California, the Mexican Margin and the Gulf of Guayaquil. The reconstructed bottom-water nitrate at the Sea of Okhotsk, the Gulf of California and the Gulf of Guayaquil are influenced by the intermediate water masses, while the nitrate at the Mexican Margin is related to the deglacial NO3− variability in the Pacific Deep Water.
Jan Maier, Nicole Burdanowitz, Gerhard Schmiedl, and Birgit Gaye
Clim. Past, 21, 279–297, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-279-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-279-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstruct sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of the past 43 kyr in the Gulf of Oman. We find SST variations of up to 7 °C with lower SSTs during Heinrich events (HEs), especially HE4, and higher SSTs during Dansgaard–Oeschger events. Our record shows no profound cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum but abrupt variations during the Holocene. We surmise that SST variations are influenced by the southwest (northeast) monsoon during warmer (colder) periods.
Werner Ehrmann, Paul A. Wilson, Helge W. Arz, and Gerhard Schmiedl
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-81, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-81, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for CP
Short summary
Short summary
We report palaeoclimate and sediment provenance records for the last 220 kyr from a sediment core from the northern Red Sea. They comprise high-resolution grain size, clay mineral and geochemical data, together with Nd and Sr isotope data. The data sets document a strong temporal variability of dust influx on glacial-interglacial timescales and several shorter-term strong fluvial episodes. A key finding is that the Nile delta became a major dust source during glacioeustatic sea-level lowstands.
Isabell Hochfeld, Ben A. Ward, Anke Kremp, Juliane Romahn, Alexandra Schmidt, Miklós Bálint, Lutz Becks, Jérôme Kaiser, Helge W. Arz, Sarah Bolius, Laura S. Epp, Markus Pfenninger, Christopher A. Klausmeier, Elena Litchman, and Jana Hinners
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3297, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3297, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Marine ecosystem models (MEMs) are valuable for assessing the threats of global warming to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, but their predictions vary widely. We argue that MEMs should consider evolutionary processes and undergo independent validation. Here, we present a novel framework for MEM development using validation data from sediment archives, which map long-term environmental and evolutionary change. Our approach is a crucial step towards improving the predictive power of MEMs.
Katharina D. Six, Uwe Mikolajewicz, and Gerhard Schmiedl
Clim. Past, 20, 1785–1816, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1785-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1785-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use a physical and biogeochemical ocean model of the Mediterranean Sea to obtain a picture of the Last Glacial Maximum. The shallowing of the Strait of Gibraltar leads to a shallower pycnocline and more efficient nutrient export. Consistent with the sediment data, an increase in organic matter deposition is simulated, although this is based on lower biological production. This unexpected but plausible result resolves the apparent contradiction between planktonic and benthic proxy data.
Nicole Burdanowitz, Gerhard Schmiedl, Birgit Gaye, Philipp M. Munz, and Hartmut Schulz
Biogeosciences, 21, 1477–1499, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1477-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse benthic foraminifera, nitrogen isotopes and lipids in a sediment core from the Gulf of Oman to investigate how the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) and bottom water (BW) oxygenation have reacted to climatic changes since 43 ka. The OMZ and BW deoxygenation was strong during the Holocene, but the OMZ was well ventilated during the LGM period. We found an unstable mode of oscillating oxygenation states, from moderately oxygenated in cold stadials to deoxygenated in warm interstadials in MIS 3.
Werner Ehrmann, Paul A. Wilson, Helge W. Arz, Hartmut Schulz, and Gerhard Schmiedl
Clim. Past, 20, 37–52, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-37-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-37-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climatic and associated hydrological changes controlled the aeolian versus fluvial transport processes and the composition of the sediments in the central Red Sea through the last ca. 200 kyr. We identify source areas of the mineral dust and pulses of fluvial discharge based on high-resolution grain size, clay mineral, and geochemical data, together with Nd and Sr isotope data. We provide a detailed reconstruction of changes in aridity/humidity.
Julia Rieke Hagemann, Lester Lembke-Jene, Frank Lamy, Maria-Elena Vorrath, Jérôme Kaiser, Juliane Müller, Helge W. Arz, Jens Hefter, Andrea Jaeschke, Nicoletta Ruggieri, and Ralf Tiedemann
Clim. Past, 19, 1825–1845, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1825-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1825-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Alkenones and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids (GDGTs) are common biomarkers for past water temperatures. In high latitudes, determining temperature reliably is challenging. We analyzed 33 Southern Ocean sediment surface samples and evaluated widely used global calibrations for both biomarkers. For GDGT-based temperatures, previously used calibrations best reflect temperatures >5° C; (sub)polar temperature bias necessitates a new calibration which better aligns with modern values.
James A. Smith, Louise Callard, Michael J. Bentley, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, Maria Luisa Sánchez-Montes, Timothy P. Lane, Jeremy M. Lloyd, Erin L. McClymont, Christopher M. Darvill, Brice R. Rea, Colm O'Cofaigh, Pauline Gulliver, Werner Ehrmann, Richard S. Jones, and David H. Roberts
The Cryosphere, 17, 1247–1270, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1247-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1247-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Greenland Ice Sheet is melting at an accelerating rate. To understand the significance of these changes we reconstruct the history of one of its fringing ice shelves, known as 79° N ice shelf. We show that the ice shelf disappeared 8500 years ago, following a period of enhanced warming. An important implication of our study is that 79° N ice shelf is susceptible to collapse when atmospheric and ocean temperatures are ~2°C warmer than present, which could occur by the middle of this century.
Markus Czymzik, Rik Tjallingii, Birgit Plessen, Peter Feldens, Martin Theuerkauf, Matthias Moros, Markus J. Schwab, Carla K. M. Nantke, Silvia Pinkerneil, Achim Brauer, and Helge W. Arz
Clim. Past, 19, 233–248, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-233-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-233-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Productivity increases in Lake Kälksjön sediments during the last 9600 years are likely driven by the progressive millennial-scale winter warming in northwestern Europe, following the increasing Northern Hemisphere winter insolation and decadal to centennial periods of a more positive NAO polarity. Strengthened productivity variability since ∼5450 cal yr BP is hypothesized to reflect a reinforcement of NAO-like atmospheric circulation.
Wout Krijgsman, Iuliana Vasiliev, Anouk Beniest, Timothy Lyons, Johanna Lofi, Gabor Tari, Caroline P. Slomp, Namik Cagatay, Maria Triantaphyllou, Rachel Flecker, Dan Palcu, Cecilia McHugh, Helge Arz, Pierre Henry, Karen Lloyd, Gunay Cifci, Özgür Sipahioglu, Dimitris Sakellariou, and the BlackGate workshop participants
Sci. Dril., 31, 93–110, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-93-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-93-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
BlackGate seeks to MSP drill a transect to study the impact of dramatic hydrologic change in Mediterranean–Black Sea connectivity by recovering the Messinian to Holocene (~ 7 Myr) sedimentary sequence in the North Aegean, Marmara, and Black seas. These archives will reveal hydrographic, biotic, and climatic transitions studied by a broad scientific community spanning the stratigraphic, tectonic, biogeochemical, and microbiological evolution of Earth’s most recent saline and anoxic giant.
Clara T. Bolton, Emmeline Gray, Wolfgang Kuhnt, Ann E. Holbourn, Julia Lübbers, Katharine Grant, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Gianluca Marino, Eelco J. Rohling, Anta-Clarisse Sarr, and Nils Andersen
Clim. Past, 18, 713–738, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-713-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-713-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The timing of the initiation and evolution of the South Asian monsoon in the geological past is a subject of debate. Here, we present a new age model spanning the late Miocene (9 to 5 million years ago) and high-resolution records of past open-ocean biological productivity from the equatorial Indian Ocean that we interpret to reflect monsoon wind strength. Our data show no long-term intensification; however, strong orbital periodicities suggest insolation forcing of monsoon wind strength.
María H. Toyos, Gisela Winckler, Helge W. Arz, Lester Lembke-Jene, Carina B. Lange, Gerhard Kuhn, and Frank Lamy
Clim. Past, 18, 147–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-147-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-147-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Past export production in the southeast Pacific and its link to Patagonian ice dynamics is unknown. We reconstruct biological productivity changes at the Pacific entrance to the Drake Passage, covering the past 400 000 years. We show that glacial–interglacial variability in export production responds to glaciogenic Fe supply from Patagonia and silica availability due to shifts in oceanic fronts, whereas dust, as a source of lithogenic material, plays a minor role.
Annalena A. Lochte, Ralph Schneider, Markus Kienast, Janne Repschläger, Thomas Blanz, Dieter Garbe-Schönberg, and Nils Andersen
Clim. Past, 16, 1127–1143, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1127-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1127-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Labrador Sea is important for the modern global thermohaline circulation system through the formation of Labrador Sea Water. However, the role of the southward flowing Labrador Current in Labrador Sea convection is still debated. In order to better assess its role in deep-water formation and climate variability, we present high-resolution mid- to late Holocene records of sea surface and bottom water temperatures, freshening, and sea ice cover on the Labrador Shelf during the last 6000 years.
Jérôme Kaiser, Norbert Wasmund, Mati Kahru, Anna K. Wittenborn, Regina Hansen, Katharina Häusler, Matthias Moros, Detlef Schulz-Bull, and Helge W. Arz
Biogeosciences, 17, 2579–2591, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2579-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2579-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Cyanobacterial blooms represent a threat to the Baltic Sea ecosystem, causing deoxygenation of the bottom water. In order to understand the natural versus anthropogenic factors driving these blooms, it is necessary to study long-term trends beyond observations. We have produced a record of cyanobacterial blooms since 1860 using organic molecules (biomarkers) preserved in sediments. Cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea are likely mainly related to temperature variability.
Julien Schirrmacher, Mara Weinelt, Thomas Blanz, Nils Andersen, Emília Salgueiro, and Ralph R. Schneider
Clim. Past, 15, 617–634, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-617-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-617-2019, 2019
Claire Waelbroeck, Sylvain Pichat, Evelyn Böhm, Bryan C. Lougheed, Davide Faranda, Mathieu Vrac, Lise Missiaen, Natalia Vazquez Riveiros, Pierre Burckel, Jörg Lippold, Helge W. Arz, Trond Dokken, François Thil, and Arnaud Dapoigny
Clim. Past, 14, 1315–1330, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1315-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1315-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Recording the precise timing and sequence of events is essential for understanding rapid climate changes and improving climate model predictive skills. Here, we precisely assess the relative timing between ocean and atmospheric changes, both recorded in the same deep-sea core over the last 45 kyr. We show that decreased mid-depth water mass transport in the western equatorial Atlantic preceded increased rainfall over the adjacent continent by 120 to 980 yr, depending on the type of climate event.
Sami A. Jokinen, Joonas J. Virtasalo, Tom Jilbert, Jérôme Kaiser, Olaf Dellwig, Helge W. Arz, Jari Hänninen, Laura Arppe, Miia Collander, and Timo Saarinen
Biogeosciences, 15, 3975–4001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3975-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3975-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen deficiency is a major environmental problem deteriorating seafloor habitats especially in the coastal ocean with large human impact. Here we apply a wide set of chemical and physical analyses to a 1500-year long sediment record and show that, although long-term climate variability has modulated seafloor oxygenation in the coastal northern Baltic Sea, the oxygen loss over the 20th century is unprecedentedly severe, emphasizing the need to reduce anthropogenic nutrient input in the future.
Björn Klaes, Rolf Kilian, Gerhard Wörner, Sören Thiele-Bruhn, and Helge W. Arz
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 67, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-67-1-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-67-1-2018, 2018
Sabine Prader, Ulrich Kotthoff, Francine M.G. McCarthy, Gerhard Schmiedl, Timme H. Donders, and David R. Greenwood
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-511, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-511, 2018
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
The observed palaeovegetation movement signals probably correspond to several glacial phases of the middle Oligocene and Early Miocene and might be best reflected within peaks of the conifer forests. Glacial phases exposed shallow shelf areas and allowed the spreading of substrate-depending forest formations. Temperature estimates revealing relative stable humid warm temperate conditions. A Sporadic occurred extinct taxon widens the understanding of its distribution pattern during the Cenozoic.
Dorothea Bunzel, Gerhard Schmiedl, Sebastian Lindhorst, Andreas Mackensen, Jesús Reolid, Sarah Romahn, and Christian Betzler
Clim. Past, 13, 1791–1813, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1791-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1791-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated a sediment core from the Maldives to unravel the interaction between equatorial climate and ocean variability of the past 200 000 years. The sedimentological, geochemical and foraminiferal data records reveal enhanced dust, which was transported by intensified winter monsoon winds during glacial conditions. Precessional fluctuations of bottom water oxygen suggests an expansion of the Arabian Sea OMZ and a varying inflow of Antarctic Intermediate Water.
Valerie Menke, Werner Ehrmann, Yvonne Milker, Swaantje Brzelinski, Jürgen Möbius, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Bernd Zolitschka, Karin Zonneveld, Kay Christian Emeis, and Gerhard Schmiedl
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2017-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2017-139, 2017
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines changes in the marine ecosystem during the past 1300 years in the Gulf of Taranto (Italy) to unravel natural and anthropogenic forcing. Our data suggest, that processes at the sea floor are linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. During the past 200 years, the effects of rising northern hemisphere temperature and increasing anthropogenic activity enhanced nutrient and organic matter fluxes leading to more eutrophic conditions.
Marc Theodor, Gerhard Schmiedl, Frans Jorissen, and Andreas Mackensen
Biogeosciences, 13, 6385–6404, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6385-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6385-2016, 2016
Meike Becker, Nils Andersen, Helmut Erlenkeuser, Matthew P. Humphreys, Toste Tanhua, and Arne Körtzinger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 559–570, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-559-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-559-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The stable carbon isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13C-DIC) can be used to quantify fluxes within the marine carbon system such as the exchange between ocean and atmosphere or the amount of anthropogenic carbon in the water column. In this study, an internally consistent δ13C-DIC dataset for the North Atlantic is presented. The data have undergone a secondary quality control during which systematic biases between the respective cruises have been quantified and adjusted.
Werner Ehrmann, Gerhard Schmiedl, Martin Seidel, Stefan Krüger, and Hartmut Schulz
Clim. Past, 12, 713–727, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-713-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-713-2016, 2016
T. Larsen, L. T. Bach, R. Salvatteci, Y. V. Wang, N. Andersen, M. Ventura, and M. D. McCarthy
Biogeosciences, 12, 4979–4992, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4979-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4979-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A tiny fraction of marine algae escapes decomposition and is buried in sediments. Since tools are needed to track the fate of algal organic carbon, we tested whether naturally occurring isotope variability among amino acids from algae and bacteria can be used as source diagnostic fingerprints. We found that isotope fingerprints track algal amino acid sources with high fidelity across different growth conditions, and that the fingerprints can be used to quantify bacterial amino acids in sediment.
H. Kuehn, L. Lembke-Jene, R. Gersonde, O. Esper, F. Lamy, H. Arz, G. Kuhn, and R. Tiedemann
Clim. Past, 10, 2215–2236, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2215-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2215-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Annually laminated sediments from the NE Bering Sea reveal a decadal-scale correlation to Greenland ice core records during termination I, suggesting an atmospheric teleconnection. Lamination occurrence is tightly coupled to Bølling-Allerød and Preboreal warm phases. Increases in export production, closely coupled to SST and sea ice changes, are hypothesized to be a main cause of deglacial anoxia, rather than changes in overturning/ventilation rates of mid-depth waters entering the Bering Sea.
L. S. Shumilovskikh, D. Fleitmann, N. R. Nowaczyk, H. Behling, F. Marret, A. Wegwerth, and H. W. Arz
Clim. Past, 10, 939–954, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-939-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-939-2014, 2014
Y. Milker, M. Wilken, J. Schumann, D. Sakuna, P. Feldens, K. Schwarzer, and G. Schmiedl
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 3113–3128, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-3113-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-3113-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Ocean Dynamics | Archive: Marine Archives | Timescale: Pleistocene
Subtropical gyre persistence in the Gulf of Cadiz, southern Iberian margin, interrupted by extremely cold surface water incursions during the Early – Middle Pleistocene Transition
Planktonic foraminiferal assemblages as tracers of paleoceanographic changes within the northern Benguela current system since the Early Pleistocene
Glacial–interglacial Circumpolar Deep Water temperatures during the last 800 000 years: estimates from a synthesis of bottom water temperature reconstructions
Sea-level and monsoonal control on the Maldives carbonate platform (Indian Ocean) over the last 1.3 million years
Bottom water oxygenation changes in the southwestern Indian Ocean as an indicator for enhanced respired carbon storage since the last glacial inception
An Intertropical Convergence Zone shift controlled the terrestrial material supply on the Ninetyeast Ridge
Sea ice changes in the southwest Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean during the last 140 000 years
Summer sea-ice variability on the Antarctic margin during the last glacial period reconstructed from snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea) stomach-oil deposits
Variations in export production, lithogenic sediment transport and iron fertilization in the Pacific sector of the Drake Passage over the past 400 kyr
Lower oceanic δ13C during the last interglacial period compared to the Holocene
Change in the North Atlantic circulation associated with the mid-Pleistocene transition
Thermocline state change in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the late Pliocene/early Pleistocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation
A multi-proxy analysis of Late Quaternary ocean and climate variability for the Maldives, Inner Sea
Central Arctic Ocean paleoceanography from ∼ 50 ka to present, on the basis of ostracode faunal assemblages from the SWERUS 2014 expedition
Deglacial sea level history of the East Siberian Sea and Chukchi Sea margins
Mediterranean Outflow Water variability during the Early Pleistocene
Last Glacial Maximum and deglacial abyssal seawater oxygen isotopic ratios
Subsurface North Atlantic warming as a trigger of rapid cooling events: evidence from the early Pleistocene (MIS 31–19)
Photic zone changes in the north-west Pacific Ocean from MIS 4–5e
Seasonal changes in glacial polynya activity inferred from Weddell Sea varves
High-latitude obliquity as a dominant forcing in the Agulhas current system
Sensitivity of Red Sea circulation to sea level and insolation forcing during the last interglacial
Sea-surface salinity variations in the northern Caribbean Sea across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition
Oceanic tracer and proxy time scales revisited
Variations in mid-latitude North Atlantic surface water properties during the mid-Brunhes (MIS 9–14) and their implications for the thermohaline circulation
A simple mixing explanation for late Pleistocene changes in the Pacific-South Atlantic benthic δ13C gradient
High Arabian Sea productivity conditions during MIS 13 – odd monsoon event or intensified overturning circulation at the end of the Mid-Pleistocene transition?
Aline Martins Mega, Teresa Rodrigues, Emilia Salgueiro, Maria Padilha, Henning Kuhnert, and Antje H. L. Voelker
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3185, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3185, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research explores climatic changes during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (1006–750 kilo years) on the southern Portuguese margin. We found that warm, subtropical gyre related conditions dominated. However, those conditions were occasionally interrupted by extreme cold events during the glacial periods. Our data shows that these cold events, linked to changes in the North Atlantic’s circulation, reached as far south as 36° N and significantly impacting marine ecosystems in the surface ocean.
Arianna V. Del Gaudio, Aaron Avery, Gerald Auer, Werner E. Piller, and Walter Kurz
Clim. Past, 20, 2237–2266, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2237-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2237-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Benguela Upwelling System is a region in the SE Atlantic Ocean of high biological productivity. It comprises several water masses such as the Benguela Current, South Atlantic Central Water, and Indian Ocean Agulhas waters. We analyzed planktonic foraminifera from IODP Sites U1575 and U1576 to characterize water masses and their interplay in the Pleistocene. This defined changes in the local thermocline, which were linked to long-term Benguela Niño- and Niña-like and deglaciation events.
David M. Chandler and Petra M. Langebroek
Clim. Past, 20, 2055–2080, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2055-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2055-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sea level rise and global climate change caused by ice melt in Antarctica represent a puzzle of feedbacks between the climate, ocean, and ice sheets over tens to thousands of years. Antarctic Ice Sheet melting is caused mainly by warm deep water from the Southern Ocean. Here, we analyse close relationships between deep water temperatures and global climate over the last 800 000 years. This knowledge can help us to better understand how climate and sea level are likely to change in the future.
Montserrat Alonso-Garcia, Jesus Reolid, Francisco J. Jimenez-Espejo, Or M. Bialik, Carlos A. Alvarez Zarikian, Juan Carlos Laya, Igor Carrasquiera, Luigi Jovane, John J. G. Reijmer, Gregor P. Eberli, and Christian Betzler
Clim. Past, 20, 547–571, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-547-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-547-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Maldives Inner Sea (northern Indian Ocean) offers an excellent study site to explore the impact of climate and sea-level changes on carbonate platforms. The sediments from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1467 have been studied to determine the drivers of carbonate production in the atolls over the last 1.3 million years. Even though sea level is important, the intensity of the summer monsoon and the Indian Ocean dipole probably modulated the production at the atolls.
Helen Eri Amsler, Lena Mareike Thöle, Ingrid Stimac, Walter Geibert, Minoru Ikehara, Gerhard Kuhn, Oliver Esper, and Samuel Laurent Jaccard
Clim. Past, 18, 1797–1813, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1797-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1797-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present sedimentary redox-sensitive trace metal records from five sediment cores retrieved from the SW Indian Ocean. These records are indicative of oxygen-depleted conditions during cold periods and enhanced oxygenation during interstadials. Our results thus suggest that deep-ocean oxygenation changes were mainly controlled by ocean ventilation and that a generally more sluggish circulation contributed to sequestering remineralized carbon away from the atmosphere during glacial periods.
Xudong Xu, Jianguo Liu, Yun Huang, Lanlan Zhang, Liang Yi, Shengfa Liu, Yiping Yang, Li Cao, and Long Tan
Clim. Past, 18, 1369–1384, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1369-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1369-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Terrestrial materials in marine environments record source information and help us understand how climate and ocean impact sediment compositions. Here, we use evidence on the Ninetyeast Ridge to analyze the relationship between terrestrial material supplementation and climatic change. We find that the ITCZ controlled the rainfall in the Burman source area and that closer connections occurred between the Northern–Southern Hemisphere in the eastern Indian Ocean during the late LGM.
Jacob Jones, Karen E. Kohfeld, Helen Bostock, Xavier Crosta, Melanie Liston, Gavin Dunbar, Zanna Chase, Amy Leventer, Harris Anderson, and Geraldine Jacobsen
Clim. Past, 18, 465–483, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-465-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-465-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We provide new winter sea ice and summer sea surface temperature estimates for marine core TAN1302-96 (59° S, 157° E) in the Southern Ocean. We find that sea ice was not consolidated over the core site until ~65 ka and therefore believe that sea ice may not have been a major contributor to early glacial CO2 drawdown. Sea ice does appear to have coincided with Antarctic Intermediate Water production and subduction, suggesting it may have influenced intermediate ocean circulation changes.
Erin L. McClymont, Michael J. Bentley, Dominic A. Hodgson, Charlotte L. Spencer-Jones, Thomas Wardley, Martin D. West, Ian W. Croudace, Sonja Berg, Darren R. Gröcke, Gerhard Kuhn, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, Louise Sime, and Richard A. Phillips
Clim. Past, 18, 381–403, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-381-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-381-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sea ice is important for our climate system and for the unique ecosystems it supports. We present a novel way to understand past Antarctic sea-ice ecosystems: using the regurgitated stomach contents of snow petrels, which nest above the ice sheet but feed in the sea ice. During a time when sea ice was more extensive than today (24 000–30 000 years ago), we show that snow petrel diet had varying contributions of fish and krill, which we interpret to show changing sea-ice distribution.
María H. Toyos, Gisela Winckler, Helge W. Arz, Lester Lembke-Jene, Carina B. Lange, Gerhard Kuhn, and Frank Lamy
Clim. Past, 18, 147–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-147-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-147-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Past export production in the southeast Pacific and its link to Patagonian ice dynamics is unknown. We reconstruct biological productivity changes at the Pacific entrance to the Drake Passage, covering the past 400 000 years. We show that glacial–interglacial variability in export production responds to glaciogenic Fe supply from Patagonia and silica availability due to shifts in oceanic fronts, whereas dust, as a source of lithogenic material, plays a minor role.
Shannon A. Bengtson, Laurie C. Menviel, Katrin J. Meissner, Lise Missiaen, Carlye D. Peterson, Lorraine E. Lisiecki, and Fortunat Joos
Clim. Past, 17, 507–528, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-507-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-507-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The last interglacial was a warm period that may provide insights into future climates. Here, we compile and analyse stable carbon isotope data from the ocean during the last interglacial and compare it to the Holocene. The data show that Atlantic Ocean circulation was similar during the last interglacial and the Holocene. We also establish a difference in the mean oceanic carbon isotopic ratio between these periods, which was most likely caused by burial and weathering carbon fluxes.
Gloria M. Martin-Garcia, Francisco J. Sierro, José A. Flores, and Fátima Abrantes
Clim. Past, 14, 1639–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1639-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1639-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This work documents major oceanographic changes that occurred in the N. Atlantic from 812 to 530 ka and were related to the mid-Pleistocene transition. Since ~ 650 ka, glacials were more prolonged and intense than before. Larger ice sheets may have worked as a positive feedback mechanism to prolong the duration of glacials. We explore the connection between the change in the N. Atlantic oceanography and the enhanced ice-sheet growth, which contributed to the change of cyclicity in climate.
Kim Alix Jakob, Jörg Pross, Christian Scholz, Jens Fiebig, and Oliver Friedrich
Clim. Past, 14, 1079–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1079-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1079-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) thermocline dynamics during the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG; ~ 2.5 Ma) currently remain unclear. In light of this uncertainty, we generated geochemical, faunal and sedimentological data for EEP Site 849 (~ 2.75–2.4 Ma). We recorded a thermocline depth change shortly before the final phase of the iNHG, which supports the hypothesis that tropical thermocline shoaling may have contributed to substantial Northern Hemisphere ice growth.
Dorothea Bunzel, Gerhard Schmiedl, Sebastian Lindhorst, Andreas Mackensen, Jesús Reolid, Sarah Romahn, and Christian Betzler
Clim. Past, 13, 1791–1813, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1791-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1791-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated a sediment core from the Maldives to unravel the interaction between equatorial climate and ocean variability of the past 200 000 years. The sedimentological, geochemical and foraminiferal data records reveal enhanced dust, which was transported by intensified winter monsoon winds during glacial conditions. Precessional fluctuations of bottom water oxygen suggests an expansion of the Arabian Sea OMZ and a varying inflow of Antarctic Intermediate Water.
Laura Gemery, Thomas M. Cronin, Robert K. Poirier, Christof Pearce, Natalia Barrientos, Matt O'Regan, Carina Johansson, Andrey Koshurnikov, and Martin Jakobsson
Clim. Past, 13, 1473–1489, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1473-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1473-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Continuous, highly abundant and well-preserved fossil ostracodes were studied from radiocarbon-dated sediment cores collected on the Lomonosov Ridge (Arctic Ocean) that indicate varying oceanographic conditions during the last ~50 kyr. Ostracode assemblages from cores taken during the SWERUS-C3 2014 Expedition, Leg 2, reflect paleoenvironmental changes during glacial, deglacial, and interglacial transitions, including changes in sea-ice cover and Atlantic Water inflow into the Eurasian Basin.
Thomas M. Cronin, Matt O'Regan, Christof Pearce, Laura Gemery, Michael Toomey, Igor Semiletov, and Martin Jakobsson
Clim. Past, 13, 1097–1110, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1097-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1097-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Global sea level rise during the last deglacial flooded the Siberian continental shelf in the Arctic Ocean. Sediment cores, radiocarbon dating, and microfossils show that the regional sea level in the Arctic rose rapidly from about 12 500 to 10 700 years ago. Regional sea level history on the Siberian shelf differs from the global deglacial sea level rise perhaps due to regional vertical adjustment resulting from the growth and decay of ice sheets.
Stefanie Kaboth, Patrick Grunert, and Lucas Lourens
Clim. Past, 13, 1023–1035, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1023-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1023-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study is devoted to reconstructing Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) variability and the interplay between the Mediterranean and North Atlantic climate systems during the Early Pleistocene. We find indication that the increasing production of MOW aligns with the intensification of the North Atlantic overturning circulation, highlighting the potential of MOW to modulate the North Atlantic salt budget. Our results are based on new stable isotope and grain-size data from IODP 339 Site U1389.
Carl Wunsch
Clim. Past, 12, 1281–1296, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1281-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1281-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper examines the oxygen isotope data in several deep-sea cores. The question addressed is whether those data support an inference that the abyssal ocean in the Last Glacial Maximum period was significantly colder than it is today. Along with a separate analysis of salinity data in the same cores, it is concluded that a cold, saline deep ocean is consistent with the available data but so is an abyss much more like that found today. LGM model testers should beware.
I. Hernández-Almeida, F.-J. Sierro, I. Cacho, and J.-A. Flores
Clim. Past, 11, 687–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-687-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-687-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This manuscript presents new Mg/Ca and previously published δ18O measurements of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral for MIS 31-19, from a sediment core from the subpolar North Atlantic. The mechanism proposed here involves northward subsurface transport of warm and salty subtropical waters during periods of weaker AMOC, leading to ice-sheet instability and IRD discharge. This is the first time that these rapid climate oscillations are described for the early Pleistocene.
G. E. A. Swann and A. M. Snelling
Clim. Past, 11, 15–25, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-15-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-15-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
New diatom isotope records are presented alongside existing geochemical and isotope records to document changes in the photic zone, including nutrient supply and the efficiency of the soft-tissue biological pump, between MIS 4 and MIS 5e in the subarctic north-west Pacific Ocean. The results provide evidence for temporal changes in the strength and efficiency of the regional soft-tissue biological pump, altering the ratio of regenerated to preformed nutrients in the water.
D. Sprenk, M. E. Weber, G. Kuhn, V. Wennrich, T. Hartmann, and K. Seelos
Clim. Past, 10, 1239–1251, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1239-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1239-2014, 2014
T. Caley, J.-H. Kim, B. Malaizé, J. Giraudeau, T. Laepple, N. Caillon, K. Charlier, H. Rebaubier, L. Rossignol, I. S. Castañeda, S. Schouten, and J. S. Sinninghe Damsté
Clim. Past, 7, 1285–1296, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1285-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1285-2011, 2011
G. Trommer, M. Siccha, E. J. Rohling, K. Grant, M. T. J. van der Meer, S. Schouten, U. Baranowski, and M. Kucera
Clim. Past, 7, 941–955, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-941-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-941-2011, 2011
S. Sepulcre, L. Vidal, K. Tachikawa, F. Rostek, and E. Bard
Clim. Past, 7, 75–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-75-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-75-2011, 2011
C. Siberlin and C. Wunsch
Clim. Past, 7, 27–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-27-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-27-2011, 2011
A. H. L. Voelker, T. Rodrigues, K. Billups, D. Oppo, J. McManus, R. Stein, J. Hefter, and J. O. Grimalt
Clim. Past, 6, 531–552, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-531-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-531-2010, 2010
L. E. Lisiecki
Clim. Past, 6, 305–314, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-305-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-305-2010, 2010
M. Ziegler, L. J. Lourens, E. Tuenter, and G.-J. Reichart
Clim. Past, 6, 63–76, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-63-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-63-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Allard, J. L., Hughes, P. D., and Woodward, J. C.: Heinrich Stadial aridity forced Mediterranean-wide glacier retreat in the last cold stage, Nat. Geosci., 14, 197–205, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00703-6, 2021.
Almogi-Labin, A., Hemleben, C., and Meischner, D.: Carbonate preservation and climatic changes in the central Red Sea during the last 380 kyr as recorded by pteropods, Mar. Micropaleontol., 33, 87–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(97)00034-0, 1998.
Arz, H. W., Lamy, F., Pätzold, J., Müller, P. J., and Prins, M.: Mediterranean Moisture Source for an Early-Holocene Humid Period in the Northern Red Sea, Science, 300, 118–121, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1080325, 2003a.
Arz, H. W., Pätzold, J., Müller, P. J., and Moammar, M. O.: Influence of Northern Hemisphere climate and global sea level rise on the restricted Red Sea marine environment during termination I, Paleoceanography, 18, 1053, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002pa000864, 2003b.
Arz, H. W., Lamy, F., Ganopolski, A., Nowaczyk, N., and Pätzold, J.: Dominant Northern Hemisphere climate control over millennial-scale glacial sea-level variability, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 312–321, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.07.016, 2007.
Badawi, A., Schmiedl, G., and Hemleben, C.: Impact of late Quaternary environmental changes on deep-sea benthic foraminiferal faunas of the Red Sea, Mar. Micropaleontol., 58, 13–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2005.08.002, 2005.
Bemis, B. E., Spero, H. J., Bijma, J., and Lea, D. W.: Reevaluation of the oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera: Experimental results and revised paleotemperature equations, Paleoceanography, 13, 150–160, https://doi.org/10.1029/98PA00070, 1998.
Birch, H., Coxall, H. K., Pearson, P. N., Kroon, D., and O'Regan, M.: Planktonic foraminifera stable isotopes and water column structure: Disentangling ecological signals, Mar. Micropaleontol., 101, 127–145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2013.02.002, 2013.
Bouilloux, A., Valet, J.-P., Bassinot, F., Joron, J.-L., Dewilde, F., Blanc-Valleron, M.-M., and Moreno, E.: Influence of seawater exchanges across the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait on sedimentation in the Southern Red Sea during the last 60 ka, Paleoceanography, 28, 675–687, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013PA002544, 2013.
Casford, J. S. L., Rohling, E. J., Abu-Zied, R. H., Jorissen, F. J., Leng, M., Schmiedl, G., and Thomson, J.: A dynamic concept for eastern Mediterranean circulation and oxygenation during sapropel formation, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 190, 103–119, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(02)00601-6, 2003.
Cember, R. P.: On the sources, formation, and circulation of Red Sea deep water, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 8175–8191, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC093iC07p08175, 1988.
Cheng, H., Edwards, L., Sinha, A., Spötl, C., Yi, L., Chen, S., Kelly, M., Kathayat, G., Wang, X., Li, X., Kong, X., Wang, Y., Ning, Y., and Zhang, H.: The Asian monsoon over the past 640 000 years and ice age terminations, Nature, 534, 640–646, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18591, 2016.
Cheng, L., Song, Y., Yang, L., Chang, H., Wu, Y., Long, H., Miao, X., and Dong, Z.: Variations of the intensity of the Siberian High during the last glacial revealed by the sorting coefficient of loess-paleosol deposits in Eastern Central Asia, Paleoceanogr. Paleoclimatol., 37, e2022PA004468, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022PA004468, 2022.
Clemens, S. C. and Prell, W. L.: A 350 000 year summer-monsoon multi-proxy stack from the Owen Ridge, Northern Arabian Sea, Mar. Geol., 201, 35–51, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00207-X, 2003.
Clemens, S. C., Prell, W. L., and Sun, Y.: Orbital-scale timing and mechanisms driving Late Pleistocene Indo-Asian summer monsoons: Reinterpreting cave speleothem δ18O, Paleoceanography, 25, PA4207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010PA001926, 2010.
Denton, G. H., Anderson, R. F., Toggweiler, J. R., Edwards, R. L., Schaefer, J. M., and Putnam, A. E.: The last glacial termination, Science, 328, 1652–1656, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1184119, 2010.
Dreano, D., Raitsos, D. E., Gittings, J., Krokos, G., and Hoteit, I.: The Gulf of Aden Intermediate Water Intrusion Regulates the Southern Red Sea Summer Phytoplankton Blooms, PloS ONE, 12, e0168440, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168440, 2016.
Edelman-Furstenberg, Y., Scherbacher, M., Hemleben, C., and Almogi-Labin, A.: Deep-sea benthic foraminifera from the Central Red Sea, J. Foramin. Res., 31, 48–59, https://doi.org/10.2113/0310048, 2001.
Ehrmann, W., Schmiedl, G., Beuscher, S., and Krüger, S.: Intensity of African Humid Periods estimated from Saharan dust fluxes, PLoS ONE, 12, e0170989, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170989, 2017.
Eshel, G. and Naik, N. H.: Climatological coastal jet collision, intermediate water formation, and general circulation of the Red Sea, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1233–1257, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<1233:CCJCIW>2.0.CO;2, 1997.
Eshel, G., Cane, M. A., and Blumenthal, M. B.: Modes of subsurface, intermediate and deep water renewal in the Red Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15941–15952, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JC01131, 1994.
Fenton, M., Geiselhart, S., Rohling, E. J., and Hemleben, C.: Aplanktonic zones in the Red Sea, Mar. Micropaleontol., 40, 277–294, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(00)00042-6, 2000.
Grant, K. M., Rohling, E. J., Bar-Matthews, M., Ayalon, A., Medina-Elizalde, M., Ramsey, C. B., Satow, C., and Roberts, A. P.: Rapid coupling between ice volume and polar temperature over the past 150 000 years, Nature, 491, 744–747, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11593, 2012.
Grant, K. M., Rohling, E. J., Ramsey, C. B., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Florindo, F., Heslop, D., Marra, F., Roberts, A. P., Tamisiea, M. E., and Williams, F.: Sea-level variability over five glacial cycles, Nat. Commun., 5, 5076, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6076, 2014.
Hamann, Y., Ehrmann, W., Schmiedl, G., Krüger, S., Stuut, J.-B., and Kuhnt, T.: Sedimentation processes in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during the Late Glacial and Holocene revealed by end-member modelling, Mar. Geol., 248, 97–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2007.10.009, 2008.
Hartman, A., Torfstein, A., and Almogi-Labin, A.: Climate swings in the northern Red Sea over the last 150 000 years from εNd and
Hemleben, C.: Foraminiferal assemblages and sediments, in: MINDIK, Reise Nr. 5, 02. Januar 1987–24. September 1987, Band I, edited by: Nellen, W., Bettac, W., Roether, W., Schnack, D., Thiel, H., Weikert, H., and Zeitzschel, B., Meteor-Berichte, 96–1, 119–124, 1996.
Hemleben, C., Meischner, D., Zahn, R., Almogi-Labin, A., Erlenkeuser, H., and Hiller, B.: Three hundred eighty thousand year long stable isotope and faunal records from the Red Sea: Influence of global sea level change on hydrography, Paleoceanography, 11, 147–156, https://doi.org/10.1029/95PA03838, 1996.
Jalihal, C., Srinivasan, J., and Chakraborty, A.: Response of the low-level jet to precession and its implications for proxies of the Indian Monsoon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2021GL094760, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094760, 2022.
Jorissen, F. J. and Wittling, I.: Ecological evidence from live-dead comparisons of benthic foraminiferal faunas off Cape Blanc (Northwest Africa), Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 149, 151–170, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00198-9, 1999.
Katz, M. E., Cramer, B. S., Franzese, A., Hönisch, B., Miller, K. G., Rosenthal, Y., and Wright, J. D.: Traditional and emerging geochemical proxies in foraminifera, J. Foramin. Res., 40, 165–192, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.40.2.165, 2010.
Lamy, F., Arz, H., Bond, G. C., Pätzold, J., and Bahr, A.: Multicentennial-scale hydrological changes in the Black Sea and northern Red Sea during the Holocene and the Arctic/North Atlantic Oscillation, Paleoceanography, 21, PA1008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001184, 2006.
Laskar, J., Robutel, P., Joutel, F., Gastineau, M., Correia, A. C. M., and Levrard, B.: A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth, Astron. Astrophys., 428, 261–285, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20041335, 2004.
Locke, S. and Thunell, R. C.: Paleoceanographic record of the last glacial/interglacial cycle in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 64, 163–187, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(88)90005-3, 1988.
Lourens, L. J., Antonarakou, A., Hilgen, F. J., Van Hoof, A. A. M., Vergnaud-Grazzini, C., and Zachariasse, W. J.: Evaluation of the Plio-Pleistocene astronomical timescale, Paleoceanography, 11, 391–413, https://doi.org/10.1029/96PA01125, 1996.
Margreth, S., Rüggeberg, A., and Spezzaferri, S.: Benthic foraminifera as bioindicator for cold-water coral reef ecosystems along the Irish margin, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 56, 2216–2234, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2009.07.009, 2009.
McCorkle, D. C., Keigwin, L. D., Corliss, B. H., and Emerson, S. R.: The influence of microhabitats on the carbon isotopic composition of deep-sea benthic foraminifera, Paleoceanography, 5, 161–185, https://doi.org/10.1029/PA005i002p00161, 1990.
McManus, J. F., Francois, R., Gherardi, J. M., Keigwin, L. D., and Brown-Leger, S.: Collapse and rapid resumption of Atlantic meridional circulation linked to deglacial climate changes, Nature, 428, 834–837, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02494, 2004.
Mulitza, S., Prange, M., Stuut, J. B., Zabel, M., von Dobeneck, T., Itambi, A. C., Nizou, J., Schulz, M., and Wefer, G.: Sahel megadroughts triggered by glacial slowdowns of Atlantic meridional overturning, Paleoceanography, 23, PA4206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001637, 2008.
Müller, U. C., Pross, J., Tzedakis, P. C., Gamble, C., Kotthoff, U., Schmiedl, G., Wulf, S., and Christanis, K.: The role of climate in the spread of modern humans into Europe, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 273–279, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.11.016, 2011.
Murray, J. W.: Ecology and Applications of Benthic Foraminifera, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 426 pp., https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511535529, 2006.
Naqvi, S. W. A., Hansen, H. P., and Kureishy, T. W.: Nutrient uptake and regeneration ratios in the Red Sea with reference to the nutrient budgets, Oceanol. Acta, 9, 271–275, 1986.
Niebler, H.-S.: Rekonstruktionen von Paläo-Umweltparametern anhand von stabilen Isotopen und Faunen-Vergesellschaftungen planktischer Foraminiferen im Südatlantik, Ber. Polarforschung, 167, 1–198, 1995.
North Greenland Ice Core Project members: High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period, Nature, 31, 147–151, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02805, 2004.
Papadopoulos, V. P., Zhan, P., Sofianos, S. S., Raitsos, D. E., Qurban, M., Abualnaja, Y., Bower, A., Kontoyiannis, H., Pavlidou, A., Asharaf, T. T. M., Zarokanellos, N., and Hoteit, I.: Factors governing the deep ventilation of the Red Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 120, 7493–7505, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC010996, 2015.
Raitsos, D. E., Pradhan, Y., Brewin, R. J. W., Stenchikov, G., and Hoteit, I.: Remote sensing the phytoplankton seasonal succession of the Red Sea, PLoS ONE, 8, e64909, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064909, 2013.
Raitsos, D. E., Yi, X., Platt, T., Racault, M.-F., Brewin, R. J. W., Pradhan, Y., Papadopoulos, V. P., Sathyendranath, S., and Hoteit, I.: Monsoon oscillations regulate fertility of the Red Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 855–862, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062882, 2015.
Rathburn, A. E. and Corliss, B. H.: The ecology of living (stained) deep-sea benthic foraminifera from the Sulu Sea, Paleoceanography, 9, 87–150, https://doi.org/10.1029/93PA02327, 1994.
Rohling, E. and Cooke, S.: Stable oxygen and carbon isotopes in foraminiferal carbonate shells, in: Modern Foraminifera, edited by: Sen Gupta, B. K., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 239–258, ISBN 0-412-82430-2, 1999.
Rohling, E. J., Fenton, M., Jorissen, F. J., Bertrand, P., Ganssen, G., and Caulet, J. P.: Magnitudes of sea-level lowstands of the past 500 000 years, Nature, 394, 162–165, https://doi.org/10.1038/28134, 1998.
Rohling, E. J., Mayewski, P. A., Abu-Zied, R. H., Casford, J. S. L., and Hayes, A.: Holocene atmosphere-ocean interactions: records from Greenland and the Aegean, Clim. Dynam., 18, 587–593, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-001-0194-8, 2002.
Rohling, E. J., Marsh, R., Wells, N. C., Siddall, M., and Edwards, N. R.: Similar meltwater contributions to glacial sea level changes from Antarctic and northern ice sheets, Nature, 430, 1016–1021, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02859, 2004.
Rohling, E. J., Grant, K., Hemleben, C., Kucera, M., Roberts, A. P., Schmeltzer, I., Schulz, H., Siccha, M., Siddall, M., and Trommer, G.: New constraints on the timing of sea level fluctuations during early to middle marine isotope stage 3, Paleoceanography, 23, PA3219, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001617, 2008.
Rohling, E. J., Grant, K., Bolshaw, M., Roberst, A. P., Siddall, M., Hemleben, C., and Kucera, M.: Antarctic temperature and global sea level closely coupled over the past five glacial cycles, Nat. Geosci., 2, 500–504, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo557, 2009.
Roman, R. E. and Lutjeharms, J. R. E.: Red Sea Intermediate Water in the source regions of the Agulhas Current, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 56, 939–962, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2009.01.003, 2009.
Rossignol-Strick, M.: African monsoons, an immediate climate response to orbital insolation, Nature, 304, 46–49, https://doi.org/10.1038/304046a0, 1983.
Schiebel, R. and Hemleben, C.: Planktic foraminifers in the modern ocean, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 358 pp., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50297-6, 2017.
Schlitzer, R.: Data Analysis and Visualization with Ocean Data View, CMOS Bulletin SCMO, 43, 9–13, 2015.
Schmelzer, I.: High-frequency event-stratigraphy and paleoceanography of the Red Sea, PhD thesis, Universiät Tübingen, Tübingen, 124 pp., https://rds-tue.ibs-bw.de/opac/RDSIndex/Search?lookfor=Schmelzer,+Ina&type=AllFields&limit=10&sort=py+desc,+title (last access: 31 January 2024), 1998.
Schmiedl, G. and Mackensen, A.: Multispecies stable isotopes of benthic foraminifers reveal past changes of organic matter decomposition and deepwater oxygenation in the Arabian Sea, Palaeoceanography, 21, PA4213, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006PA001284, 2006.
Schmiedl, G., Pfeilsticker, M., Hemleben, C., and Mackensen, A.: Environmental and biological effects on the stable isotope composition of recent deep-sea benthic foraminifera from the western Mediterranean Sea, Mar. Micropaleontol., 51, 129–152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2003.10.001, 2004.
Schulz, H., von Rad, U., and Erlenkeuser, H.: Correlation between Arabian Sea and Greenland climate oscillations of the past 110 000 years, Nature, 393, 54–57, https://doi.org/10.1038/31750, 1998.
Siddall, M., Rohling, E. J., Almogi-Labin, A., Hemleben, C., Meischner, D., Schmelzer, I., and Smeed, D. A.: Sea-level fluctuations during the last glacial cycle, Nature, 423, 853–858, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01687, 2003.
Siddall, M., Smeed, D. A., Hemleben, C., Rohling, E. J., Schmelzer, I., and Peltier, W. R.: Understanding the Red Sea response to sea level, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 225, 421–434, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.06.008, 2004.
Siddall, M., Rohling, E. J., Thompson, W. G., and Waelbroeck, C.: Marine isotope stage 3 sea level fluctuations: Data synthesis and new outlook, Rev. Geophys., 46, RG4003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007RG000226, 2008.
Smeed, D. A.: Seasonal variation of the flow in the strait of Bah al Mandab, Oceanol. Acta, 20, 773–781, 1997.
Smeed, D. A.: Exchange through Bab el Mandab, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 51, 455–474, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.11.002, 2004.
Sofianos, S. S. and Johns, W. E.: Observations of the summer Red Sea circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C06025, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003886, 2007.
Sofianos, S. S., Johns, W. E.: An Oceanic General Circulation Model (OGCM) investigation of the Red Sea circulation: 2. Three-dimensional circulation in the Red Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 108, C33066, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JC001185, 2003.
Svensson, A., Andersen, K. K., Bigler, M., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Davies, S. M., Johnsen, S. J., Muscheler, R., Parrenin, F., Rasmussen, S. O., Röthlisberger, R., Seierstad, I., Steffensen, J. P., and Vinther, B. M.: A 60 000 year Greenland stratigraphic ice core chronology, Clim. Past, 4, 47–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-4-47-2008, 2008.
Theodor, M., Schmiedl, G., and Mackensen, A.: Stable isotope composition of deep-sea benthic foraminifera under contrasting trophic conditions in the western Mediterranean Sea, Mar. Micropaleontol., 124, 16–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2016.02.001, 2016.
Thunell, R. C., Locke, S. M., and Williams, D. F.: Glacio-eustatic sea-level control on Red Sea salinity, Nature, 334, 601–604, https://doi.org/10.1038/334601a0, 1988.
Trommer, G., Siccha, M., Rohling, E. J., Grant, K., van der Meer, M. T. J., Schouten, S., Hemleben, C., and Kucera, M.: Millennial-scale variability in Red Sea circulation in response to Holocene insolation forcing, Paleoceanography, 25, PA3203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001826, 2010.
Trommer, G., Siccha, M., Rohling, E. J., Grant, K., van der Meer, M. T. J., Schouten, S., Baranowski, U., and Kucera, M.: Sensitivity of Red Sea circulation to sea level and insolation forcing during the last interglacial, Clim. Past, 7, 941–955, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-941-2011, 2011.
Vandenberghe, J., Renssen, H., van Huissteden, K., Nugteren, G., Konert, M., Lu, H., Dodonov, A., and Buylaert, J.-P.: Penetration of Atlantic westerly winds into Central and East Asia, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 25, 2380–2389, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.02.017, 2006.
Woelk, S. and Quadfasel, D.: Renewal of deep water in the Red Sea during 1982–1987, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 18155–18165, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JC01148, 1996.
Wolf, E. W., Chappellaz, J, Blunier, T., Rasmussen, S. O., and Svensson, A.: Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial: The ice core record, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 2828–2838, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.10.013, 2010.
Short summary
We have studied the geochemistry of benthic foraminifera (micro-fossils) from a sediment core from the Red Sea. Our data show that the circulation and carbon cycling of the Red Sea during the last glacial period responded to high-latitude millennial-scale climate variability and to the orbital influence of the African–Indian monsoon system. This implies a sensitive response of the Red Sea to climate changes.
We have studied the geochemistry of benthic foraminifera (micro-fossils) from a sediment core...
