Articles | Volume 20, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1939-2024
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1939-2024
Research article
 | 
11 Sep 2024
Research article |  | 11 Sep 2024

The climate and vegetation of Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East during the Last Glacial Maximum (21 000 yr BP) based on pollen data

Basil A. S. Davis, Marc Fasel, Jed O. Kaplan, Emmanuele Russo, and Ariane Burke

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Cited articles

Allen, J. R. M., Hickler, T., Singarayer, J. S., Sykes, M. T., Valdes, P. J., and Huntley, B.: Last glacial vegetation of northern Eurasia, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 2604–2618, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.031, 2010. 
Allen, R., Siegert, M. J., and Payne, A. J.: Reconstructing glacier-based climates of LGM Europe and Russia – Part 2: A dataset of LGM precipitation/temperature relations derived from degree-day modelling of palaeo glaciers, Clim. Past, 4, 249–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-4-249-2008, 2008a. 
Allen, R., Siegert, M. J., and Payne, A. J.: Reconstructing glacier-based climates of LGM Europe and Russia – Part 3: Comparison with previous climate reconstructions, Clim. Past, 4, 265–280, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-4-265-2008, 2008b. 
Ampel, L., Bigler, C., Wohlfarth, B., Risberg, J., Lotter, A. F., and Veres, D.: Modest summer temperature variability during DO cycles in western Europe, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 1322–1327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.03.002, 2010. 
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Short summary
During the last ice age (21 000 yr BP) in Europe, the composition and extent of forest and its associated climate remain unclear, with models indicating more forest north of the Alps and a warmer and somewhat wetter climate than suggested by the data. A new compilation of pollen records with improved dating suggests greater agreement with model climates but still suggests models overestimate forest cover, especially in the west.
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