Articles | Volume 20, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1579-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1579-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 Jul 2024
Research article |
| 24 Jul 2024
| 24 Jul 2024
Geographic variability in dust and temperature in climate scaling regimes over the Last Glacial Cycle
Nicolás Acuña Reyes
Institute for Mathematical and Computational Engineering, School of Engineering and Faculty of Mathematics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Elwin van't Wout
Institute for Mathematical and Computational Engineering, School of Engineering and Faculty of Mathematics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Shaun Lovejoy
Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Geography Institute, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Related authors
No articles found.
Natalie M. Mahowald, Longlei Li, Julius Vira, Marje Prank, Douglas S. Hamilton, Hitoshi Matsui, Ron L. Miller, Louis Lu, Ezgi Akyuz, Daphne Meidan, Peter G. Hess, Heikki Lihavainen, Christine Wiedinmyer, Jenny Hand, Maria Grazia Alaimo, Célia Alves, Andres Alastuey, Paulo Artaxo, Africa Barreto, Francisco Barraza, Silvia Becagli, Giulia Calzolai, Shankararaman Chellam, Ying Chen, Patrick Chuang, David D. Cohen, Cristina Colombi, Evangelia Diapouli, Gaetano Dongarra, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Johann Engelbrecht, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Cassandra Gaston, Dario Gomez, Yenny González Ramos, Roy M. Harrison, Chris Heyes, Barak Herut, Philip Hopke, Christoph Hüglin, Maria Kanakidou, Zsofia Kertesz, Zbigniew Klimont, Katriina Kyllönen, Fabrice Lambert, Xiaohong Liu, Remi Losno, Franco Lucarelli, Willy Maenhaut, Beatrice Marticorena, Randall V. Martin, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Yasser Morera-Gomez, Adina Paytan, Joseph Prospero, Sergio Rodríguez, Patricia Smichowski, Daniela Varrica, Brenna Walsh, Crystal Weagle, and Xi Zhao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1617, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1617, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles are an important part of the Earth system, but their concentrations are spatially and temporally heterogeneous, as well as variable in size and composition. Here we present a new compilation of PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol observations, focusing on the spatial variability across different observational stations, including composition, and demonstrate a method for comparing the datasets to model output.
Nicolás J. Cosentino, Gabriela Torre, Fabrice Lambert, Samuel Albani, François De Vleeschouwer, and Aloys J.-M. Bory
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 941–959, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-941-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-941-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
One of the main uncertainties related to future climate change has to do with how aerosols interact with climate. Dust is the most abundant aerosol in the atmosphere by mass. In order to better understand the links between dust and climate, we can turn to geological archives of ancient dust. Paleo±Dust is a compilation of measured values of the paleo-dust deposition rate. We can use this compilation to guide climate models so that they better represent dust–climate interactions.
Natalie M. Mahowald, Longlei Li, Julius Vira, Marje Prank, Douglas S. Hamilton, Hitoshi Matsui, Ron L. Miller, Louis Lu, Ezgi Akyuz, Daphne Meidan, Peter Hess, Heikki Lihavainen, Christine Wiedinmyer, Jenny Hand, Maria Grazia Alaimo, Célia Alves, Andres Alastuey, Paulo Artaxo, Africa Barreto, Francisco Barraza, Silvia Becagli, Giulia Calzolai, Shankarararman Chellam, Ying Chen, Patrick Chuang, David D. Cohen, Cristina Colombi, Evangelia Diapouli, Gaetano Dongarra, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Cassandra Gaston, Dario Gomez, Yenny González Ramos, Hannele Hakola, Roy M. Harrison, Chris Heyes, Barak Herut, Philip Hopke, Christoph Hüglin, Maria Kanakidou, Zsofia Kertesz, Zbiginiw Klimont, Katriina Kyllönen, Fabrice Lambert, Xiaohong Liu, Remi Losno, Franco Lucarelli, Willy Maenhaut, Beatrice Marticorena, Randall V. Martin, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Yasser Morera-Gomez, Adina Paytan, Joseph Prospero, Sergio Rodríguez, Patricia Smichowski, Daniela Varrica, Brenna Walsh, Crystal Weagle, and Xi Zhao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-1, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-1, 2024
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles can interact with incoming solar radiation and outgoing long wave radiation, change cloud properties, affect photochemistry, impact surface air quality, and when deposited impact surface albedo of snow and ice, and modulate carbon dioxide uptake by the land and ocean. Here we present a new compilation of aerosol observations including composition, a methodology for comparing the datasets to model output, and show the implications of these results using one model.
Shaun Lovejoy
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 30, 311–374, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-30-311-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-30-311-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
How big is a cloud?and
How long does the weather last?require scaling to answer. We review the advances in scaling that have occurred over the last 4 decades: (a) intermittency (multifractality) and (b) stratified and rotating scaling notions (generalized scale invariance). Although scaling theory and the data are now voluminous, atmospheric phenomena are too often viewed through an outdated scalebound lens, and turbulence remains confined to isotropic theories of little relevance.
Shaun Lovejoy
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 29, 93–121, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-29-93-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-29-93-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The difference between the energy that the Earth receives from the Sun and the energy it emits as black-body radiation is stored in a scaling hierarchy of structures in the ocean, soil and hydrosphere. The simplest scaling storage model leads to the fractional energy balance equation (FEBE). We examine the statistical properties of FEBE when it is driven by random fluctuations. In this paper, we explore the statistical properties of this mathematically simple yet neglected equation.
Roman Procyk, Shaun Lovejoy, and Raphael Hébert
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 81–107, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-81-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-81-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new class of energy balance model that accounts for the long memory within the Earth's energy storage. The model is calibrated on instrumental temperature records and the historical energy budget of the Earth using an error model predicted by the model itself. Our equilibrium climate sensitivity and future temperature projection estimates are consistent with those estimated by complex climate models.
Shaun Lovejoy
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 469–487, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-469-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-469-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Monthly scale, seasonal-scale, and decadal-scale modeling of the atmosphere is possible using the principle of energy balance. Yet the scope of classical approaches is limited because they do not adequately deal with energy storage in the Earth system. We show that the introduction of a vertical coordinate implies that the storage has a huge memory. This memory can be used for macroweather (long-range) forecasts and climate projections.
Shaun Lovejoy
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 489–511, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-489-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-489-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Radiant energy is exchanged between the Earth's surface and outer space. Some of the local imbalances are stored in the subsurface, and some are transported horizontally. In Part 1 I showed how – in a horizontally homogeneous Earth – these classical approaches imply long-memory storage useful for seasonal forecasting and multidecadal projections. In this Part 2, I show how to apply these results to the heterogeneous real Earth.
Shaun Lovejoy and Fabrice Lambert
Clim. Past, 15, 1999–2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1999-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1999-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze the statistical properties of the eight past glacial–interglacial cycles as well as subsections of a generic glacial cycle using the high-resolution dust flux dataset from the Antarctic EPICA Dome C ice core. We show that the high southern latitude climate during glacial maxima, interglacial, and glacial inception is generally more stable but more drought-prone than during mid-glacial conditions.
Shaun Lovejoy and Fabrice Lambert
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-110, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-110, 2018
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
The Holocene has been strikingly long and stable when compared to earlier interglacials, and some have argued that the Holocene's exceptional stability permitted the development of agriculture and the spread of civilization. We characterize the past 800 000 years using a high resolution dust record from an Antarctic ice core. We find that although the Holocene is particularly stable when compared to other interglacials, it is not an outlier and other factors may have kickstarted civilization.
Francisco Fernandoy, Dieter Tetzner, Hanno Meyer, Guisella Gacitúa, Kirstin Hoffmann, Ulrike Falk, Fabrice Lambert, and Shelley MacDonell
The Cryosphere, 12, 1069–1090, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1069-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1069-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Through the geochemical analysis of the surface snow of a glacier at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, we aimed to investigate how atmosphere and ocean conditions of the surrounding region are varying under the present climate scenario. We found that meteorological conditions strongly depend on the extension of sea ice. Our results show a slight cooling of the surface air during the last decade at this site. However, the general warming tendency for the region is still on-going.
Masa Kageyama, Pascale Braconnot, Sandy P. Harrison, Alan M. Haywood, Johann H. Jungclaus, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Jean-Yves Peterschmitt, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Samuel Albani, Patrick J. Bartlein, Chris Brierley, Michel Crucifix, Aisling Dolan, Laura Fernandez-Donado, Hubertus Fischer, Peter O. Hopcroft, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Fabrice Lambert, Daniel J. Lunt, Natalie M. Mahowald, W. Richard Peltier, Steven J. Phipps, Didier M. Roche, Gavin A. Schmidt, Lev Tarasov, Paul J. Valdes, Qiong Zhang, and Tianjun Zhou
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 1033–1057, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1033-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1033-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) takes advantage of the existence of past climate states radically different from the recent past to test climate models used for climate projections and to better understand these climates. This paper describes the PMIP contribution to CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, 6th phase) and possible analyses based on PMIP results, as well as on other CMIP6 projects.
Masa Kageyama, Samuel Albani, Pascale Braconnot, Sandy P. Harrison, Peter O. Hopcroft, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Fabrice Lambert, Olivier Marti, W. Richard Peltier, Jean-Yves Peterschmitt, Didier M. Roche, Lev Tarasov, Xu Zhang, Esther C. Brady, Alan M. Haywood, Allegra N. LeGrande, Daniel J. Lunt, Natalie M. Mahowald, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Hans Renssen, Robert A. Tomas, Qiong Zhang, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Patrick J. Bartlein, Jian Cao, Qiang Li, Gerrit Lohmann, Rumi Ohgaito, Xiaoxu Shi, Evgeny Volodin, Kohei Yoshida, Xiao Zhang, and Weipeng Zheng
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 4035–4055, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4035-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4035-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21000 years ago) is an interval when global ice volume was at a maximum, eustatic sea level close to a minimum, greenhouse gas concentrations were lower, atmospheric aerosol loadings were higher than today, and vegetation and land-surface characteristics were different from today. This paper describes the implementation of the LGM numerical experiment for the PMIP4-CMIP6 modelling intercomparison projects and the associated sensitivity experiments.
Roland Eichinger, Gary Shaffer, Nelson Albarrán, Maisa Rojas, and Fabrice Lambert
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 3481–3498, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3481-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3481-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We reformulate the land biosphere of the reduced-complexity DCESS model by introducing three vegetation types and relating their latitudinal borders to global temperature change. This enhancement yields more realistic estimates of biosphere carbon cycling for cold conditions like the Last Glacial Maximum. As a first application we conduct transient simulations across the last glacial termination to estimate the importance of different processes on temperature, pCO2 and carbon isotope ratios.
Francisco Barraza, Fabrice Lambert, Héctor Jorquera, Ana María Villalobos, and Laura Gallardo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10093–10107, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10093-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10093-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify the main sources that have contributed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) between 1998 and 2012 in Santiago's downtown. We calculate the long-term trend as well as abrupt changes in the time series and show how these relate to particular government policies implemented to improve air quality in specific years. We thus identify which measures successfully reduced individual sources and which sources need measures to avoid episodes when PM2.5 concentrations surpass Chilean standards.
Shaun Lovejoy and Costas Varotsos
Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 133–150, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-133-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-133-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We compare the statistical properties of solar, volcanic and combined forcings over the range from 1 to 1000 years to see over which scale ranges they additively combine, a prediction of linear response. The main findings are (a) that the variability in the Zebiac–Cane model and GCMs are too weak at centennial and longer scales; (b) for longer than ≈ 50 years, the forcings combine subadditively; and (c) at shorter scales, strong (intermittency, e.g. volcanic) forcings are nonlinear.
Roland Eichinger, Gary Shaffer, Nelson Albarrán, Maisa Rojas, and Fabrice Lambert
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2015-190, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2015-190, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We apply the DCESS ESM to assess the process of Southern Ocean deep water upwelling as to whether it can explain the climate change between 17.5 and 14.5 kaBP. From a glacial climate state, which was generated under the guidance of proxy data records, transient climate simulations are conducted to analyse the impact of various parameters. This approach can explain parts but not all of the observed atmospheric variations in temperatures, carbon dioxide and carbon isotopes across that period.
F. Landais, F. Schmidt, and S. Lovejoy
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 713–722, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-713-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-713-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In the present study, we investigate the scaling properties of the topography of Mars. Planetary topographic fields are well known to exhibit (mono)fractal behavior. Indeed, fractal formalism is efficient in reproducing the variability observed in topography. Our results suggest a multifractal behavior from the planetary scale down to 10 km. From 10 km to 300 m, the topography seems to be simple monofractal.
S. Lovejoy, L. del Rio Amador, and R. Hébert
Earth Syst. Dynam., 6, 637–658, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-637-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-637-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical climate models forecast the weather well beyond the deterministic limit. In this “macroweather” regime, they are random number generators. Stochastic models can have more realistic noises and can be forced to converge to the real-world climate. Existing stochastic models do not exploit the very long atmospheric and oceanic memories. With skill up to decades, our new ScaLIng Macroweather Model (SLIMM) exploits this to make forecasts more accurate than GCMs.
C. A. Varotsos, S. Lovejoy, N. V. Sarlis, C. G. Tzanis, and M. N. Efstathiou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7301–7306, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7301-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7301-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Varotsos et al. (Theor. Appl. Climatol., 114, 725–727, 2013) found that the solar ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths exhibit 1/f-type power-law correlations. In this study, we show that the residues of the spectral solar incident flux with respect to the Planck law over a wider range of wavelengths (i.e. UV-visible) have a scaling regime too.
J. Pinel and S. Lovejoy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3195–3210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3195-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3195-2014, 2014
G. A. Schmidt, J. D. Annan, P. J. Bartlein, B. I. Cook, E. Guilyardi, J. C. Hargreaves, S. P. Harrison, M. Kageyama, A. N. LeGrande, B. Konecky, S. Lovejoy, M. E. Mann, V. Masson-Delmotte, C. Risi, D. Thompson, A. Timmermann, L.-B. Tremblay, and P. Yiou
Clim. Past, 10, 221–250, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-221-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-221-2014, 2014
S. Lovejoy, D. Schertzer, and D. Varon
Earth Syst. Dynam., 4, 439–454, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-439-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-439-2013, 2013
A. Gires, I. Tchiguirinskaia, D. Schertzer, and S. Lovejoy
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 20, 343–356, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-20-343-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-20-343-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Feedback and Forcing | Archive: Ice Cores | Timescale: Milankovitch
Frequency of large volcanic eruptions over the past 200 000 years
Snapshots of mean ocean temperature over the last 700 000 years using noble gases in the EPICA Dome C ice core
Can we predict the duration of an interglacial?
Towards orbital dating of the EPICA Dome C ice core using δO2/N2
Eric W. Wolff, Andrea Burke, Laura Crick, Emily A. Doyle, Helen M. Innes, Sue H. Mahony, James W. B. Rae, Mirko Severi, and R. Stephen J. Sparks
Clim. Past, 19, 23–33, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-23-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-23-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large volcanic eruptions leave an imprint of a spike of sulfate deposition that can be measured in ice cores. Here we use a method that logs the number and size of large eruptions recorded in an Antarctic core in a consistent way through the last 200 000 years. The rate of recorded eruptions is variable but shows no trends. In particular, there is no increase in recorded eruptions during deglaciation periods. This is consistent with most recorded eruptions being from lower latitudes.
Marcel Haeberli, Daniel Baggenstos, Jochen Schmitt, Markus Grimmer, Adrien Michel, Thomas Kellerhals, and Hubertus Fischer
Clim. Past, 17, 843–867, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-843-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-843-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using the temperature-dependent solubility of noble gases in ocean water, we reconstruct global mean ocean temperature (MOT) over the last 700 kyr using noble gas ratios in air enclosed in polar ice cores. Our record shows that glacial MOT was about 3 °C cooler compared to the Holocene. Interglacials before 450 kyr ago were characterized by about 1.5 °C lower MOT than the Holocene. In addition, some interglacials show transient maxima in ocean temperature related to changes in ocean circulation.
P. C. Tzedakis, E. W. Wolff, L. C. Skinner, V. Brovkin, D. A. Hodell, J. F. McManus, and D. Raynaud
Clim. Past, 8, 1473–1485, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1473-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1473-2012, 2012
A. Landais, G. Dreyfus, E. Capron, K. Pol, M. F. Loutre, D. Raynaud, V. Y. Lipenkov, L. Arnaud, V. Masson-Delmotte, D. Paillard, J. Jouzel, and M. Leuenberger
Clim. Past, 8, 191–203, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-191-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-191-2012, 2012
Cited articles
Abe-Ouchi, A., Saito, F., Kawamura, K., Raymo, M. E., Okuno, J., Takahashi, K., and Blatter, H.: Insolation-driven 100,000-year glacial cycles and hysteresis of ice-sheet volume, Nature, 500, 190–193, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12374, 2013. a
Acuña Reyes, N.: Non-equidistant_Haar_fluctuations, GitHub [data set], https://github.com/NicoAcunaR/Non-equidistant_Haar_fluctuations (last access: 22 July 2024), 2024. a
Buizert, C., Adrian, B., Ahn, J., Albert, M., Alley, R. B., Baggenstos, Danieland Bauska, T. K., Bay, R. C., Bencivengo, B. B., Bentley, C. R., Brook, E. J., Chellman, N. J., Clow, G. D., Cole-Dai, J., Conway, H., Cravens, E., Cuffey, K. M., Dunbar, N. W., Edwards, J. S., Fegyveresi, J. M., Ferris, D. G., Fitzpatrick, J. J., Fudge, T. J., Gibson, C. J., Gkinis, V., Goetz, J. J., Gregory, S., Hargreaves, G. M., Iverson, N., Johnson, J. A., Jones, T. R., Kalk, M. L., Kippenhan, M. J., Koffman, B. G., Kreutz, K., Kuhl, T. W., Lebar, D. A., Lee, J. E., Marcott, S. A., Markle, B. R., Maselli, O. J., McConnell, J. R., McGwire, K. C., Mitchell, L. E., Mortensen, N. B., Neff, P. D., Nishiizumi, K., Nunn, R. M., Orsi, A. J., Pasteris, D. R., Pedro, J. B., Pettit, E. C., Buford Price, P., Priscu, J. C., Rhodes, R. H., Rosen, J. L., Schauer, A. J., Schoenemann, S. W., Sendelbach, P. J., Severinghaus, J. P., Shturmakov, A. J., Sigl, M., Slawny, K. R., Souney, J. M., Sowers, T. A., Spencer, M. K., Steig, E. J., Taylor, K. C., Twickler, M. S., Vaughn, B. H., Voigt, D. E., Waddington, E. D., Welten, K. C., Wendricks, A. W., White, J. W. C., Winstrup, M., Wong, G. J., and Woodruff, T. E.: Precise interpolar phasing of abrupt climate change during the last ice age, Nature, 520, 661–665, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14401, 2015. a
Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Sinha, A., Spötl, C., Yi, L., Chen, S., Kelly, M., Kathayat, G., Wang, X., Li, X., Kong, X., Wang, Y., Ning, Y., and Zhang, H.: The Asian monsoon over the past 640,000 years and ice age terminations, Nature, 534, 640–646, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18591, 2016. a
Davtian, N. and Bard, E.: Biomarker indices and concentrations and biomarker-based temperature estimates from the Iberian Margin core MD95-2042, composite Greenland atmospheric temperature record, and Antarctic stacks, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.957377, 2023. a
Delmonte, B., Petit, J. R., and Maggi, V.: Glacial to Holocene implications of the new 27 000-year dust record from the EPICA Dome C (East Antarctica) ice core, Clim. Dynam., 18, 647–660, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-001-0193-9, 2002. a
EPICA Community Members, Barbante, C., Barnola, J.-M., Becagli, S., Beer, J., Bigler, M., Boutron, C., Blunier, T., Castellano, E., Cattani, O., Chappellaz, J., Dahl-Jensen, D., Debret, M., Delmonte, B., Dick, D., Falourd, S., Faria, S., Federer, U., Fischer, H., Freitag, J., Frenzel, A., Fritzsche, D., Fundel, F., Gabrielli, P., Gaspari, V., Gersonde, R., Graf, W., Grigoriev, D., Hamann, I., Hansson, M., Hoffmann, G., Hutterli, M. A., Huybrechts, P., Isaksson, E., Johnsen, S., Jouzel, J., Kaczmarska, M., Karlin, T., Kaufmann, P., Kipfstuhl, S., Kohno, M., Lambert, F., Lambrecht, A., Lambrecht, A., Landais, A., Lawer, G., Leuenberger, M., Littot, G., Loulergue, L., Lüthi, D., Maggi, V., Marino, F., Masson-Delmotte, V., Meyer, H., Miller, H., Mulvaney, R., Narcisi, B., Oerlemans, J., Oerter, H., Parrenin, F., Petit, J.-R., Raisbeck, G., Raynaud, D., Röthlisberger, R., Ruth, U., Rybak, O., Severi, M., Schmitt, J., Schwander, J., Siegenthaler, U., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., Spahni, R., Steffensen, J. P., Stenni, B., Stocker, T. F., Tison, J.-L., Traversi, R., Udisti, R., Valero-Delgado, F., van den Broeke, M. R., van de Wal, R. S. W., Wagenbach, D., Wegner, A., Weiler, K., Wilhelms, F., Winther, J.-G., and Wolff, E.: One-to-one coupling of glacial climate variability in Greenland and Antarctica, Nature, 444, 195–198, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05301, 2006. a, b
Erhardt, T., Bigler, M., Federer, U., Gfeller, G., Leuenberger, D., Stowasser, O., Röthlisberger, R., Schüpbach, S., Ruth, U., Twarloh, B., Wegner, A., Goto-Azuma, K., Kuramoto, T., Kjær, H. A., Vallelonga, P. T., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., Hansson, M. E., Benton, A. K., Fleet, L. G., Mulvaney, R., Thomas, E. R., Abram, N., Stocker, T. F., and Fischer, H.: High-resolution aerosol concentration data from the Greenland NorthGRIP and NEEM deep ice cores, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1215–1231, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1215-2022, 2022. a
Franzke, C. L. E., Barbosa, S., Blender, R., Fredriksen, H.-B., Laepple, T., Lambert, F., Nilsen, T., Rypdal, K., Rypdal, M., Scotto, M. G., Vannitsem, S., Watkins, N. W., Yang, L., and Yuan, N.: The Structure of Climate Variability Across Scales, Rev. Geophys., 58, e2019RG000657, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RG000657, 2020. a
Fredriksen, H.-B. and Rypdal, K.: Spectral Characteristics of Instrumental and Climate Model Surface Temperatures, J. Climate, 29, 1253–1268, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0457.1, 2016. a
Fuhrer, K., Neftel, A., Anklin, M., and Maggi, V.: Continuous measurements of hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde, calcium and ammonium concentrations along the new grip ice core from summit, Central Greenland, Atmos. Environ. A, 27, 1873–1880, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90292-7, 1993. a
Gkinis, V., Vinther, B. M., Popp, T. J., Faber, A.-K., Holme, C. T., Jensen, C. M., Lanzky, M., Lütt, A. M., Mandrakis, V., Ørum, N. O., Pedersen, A.-S., Vaxevani, N., Weng, Y., Capron, E., Dahl-Jensen, D., Hörhold, M., Jones, T. R., Jouzel, J., Landais, A., Masson-Delmotte, V., Oerter, H., Rasmussen, S. O., Steen-Larsen, H. C., Steffensen, J. P., Sveinbjörnsdottir, E. A., Vaughn, B. H., and White, J.: A 120,000-year long climate record from a NW-Greenland deep ice core at ultra-high resolution, Sci. Data, 8, 141, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00916-9, 2021. a
Guo, Z. T., Berger, A., Yin, Q. Z., and Qin, L.: Strong asymmetry of hemispheric climates during MIS-13 inferred from correlating China loess and Antarctica ice records, Clim. Past, 5, 21–31, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-21-2009, 2009. a
Hébert, R., Rehfeld, K., and Laepple, T.: Comparing estimation techniques for temporal scaling in palaeoclimate time series, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 28, 311–328, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-28-311-2021, 2021. a, b
Hébert, R., Herzschuh, U., and Laepple, T.: Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations, Nat. Geosci., 15, 899–905, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01056-4, 2022. a
Huybers, P. and Curry, W.: Links between annual, Milankovitch and continuum temperature variability, Nature, 441, 329–332, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04745, 2006. a
Jacobel, A., McManus, J., Anderson, R., and Winckler, G.: Large deglacial shifts of the Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone, Nat. Commun., 7, 10449, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10449, 2016. a, b, c
Jouzel, J., Vimeux, F., Caillon, N., Delaygue, G., Hoffmann, G., Masson-Delmotte, V., and Parrenin, F.: Magnitude of isotope/temperature scaling for interpretation of central Antarctic ice cores, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4361, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002677, 2003. a
Jouzel, J., Masson-Delmotte, V., Cattani, O., Dreyfus, G., Falourd, S., Hoffmann, G., Minster, B., Nouet, J., Barnola, J. M., Chappellaz, J., Fischer, H., Gallet, J. C., Johnsen, S., Leuenberger, M., Loulergue, L., Luethi, D., Oerter, H., Parrenin, F., Raisbeck, G., Raynaud, D., Schilt, A., Schwander, J., Selmo, E., Souchez, R., Spahni, R., Stauffer, B., Steffensen, J. P., Stenni, B., Stocker, T. F., Tison, J. L., Werner, M., and Wolff, E. W.: Orbital and Millennial Antarctic Climate Variability over the Past 800,000 Years, Science, 317, 793–796, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1141038, 2007. a
Kindler, P., Guillevic, M., Baumgartner, M., Schwander, J., Landais, A., and Leuenberger, M.: Temperature reconstruction from 10 to 120 kyr b2k from the NGRIP ice core, Clim. Past, 10, 887–902, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-887-2014, 2014. a
Laepple, T. and Huybers, P.: Reconciling discrepancies between Uk37 and Mg/Ca reconstructions of Holocene marine temperature variability, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 375, 418–429, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.06.006, 2013. a
Laepple, T. and Huybers, P.: Ocean surface temperature variability: Large model–data differences at decadal and longer periods, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 16682–16687, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1412077111, 2014. a
Lambert, F., Bigler, M., Steffensen, J. P., Hutterli, M., and Fischer, H.: Centennial mineral dust variability in high-resolution ice core data from Dome C, Antarctica, Clim. Past, 8, 609–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-609-2012, 2012. a
Lambert, F., Kug, J.-S., Park, R. J., Mahowald, N., Winckler, G., Abe-Ouchi, A., O'ishi, R., Takemura, T., and Lee, J.-H.: The role of mineral-dust aerosols in polar temperature amplification, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 487–491, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1785, 2013. a
Lamy, F., Gersonde, R., Winckler, G., Esper, O., Jaeschke, A., Kuhn, G., Ullermann, J., Martinez-Garcia, A., Lambert, F., and Kilian, R.: Increased Dust Deposition in the Pacific Southern Ocean During Glacial Periods, Science, 343, 403–407, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1245424, 2014. a
Lisiecki, L. E. and Raymo, M. E.: A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records, Paleoceanography, 20, PA1003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001071, 2005. a
Lovejoy, S.: Review article: Scaling, dynamical regimes, and stratification. How long does weather last? How big is a cloud?, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 30, 311–374, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-30-311-2023, 2023. a, b, c, d
Lovejoy, S. and Lambert, F.: Spiky fluctuations and scaling in high-resolution EPICA ice core dust fluxes, Clim. Past, 15, 1999–2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1999-2019, 2019. a, b, c
Lovejoy, S. and Schertzer, D.: Haar wavelets, fluctuations and structure functions: convenient choices for geophysics, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 19, 513–527, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-513-2012, 2012. a, b
Lovejoy, S. and Schertzer, D. The Weather and Climate: Emergent Laws and Multifractal Cascades, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781139093811, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139093811, 2013. a, b, c
Lovejoy, S. and Varotsos, C.: Scaling regimes and linear/nonlinear responses of last millennium climate to volcanic and solar forcings, Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 133–150, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-133-2016, 2016. a
Lyle, M., Heusser, L., Ravelo, C., Andreasen, D., Olivarez Lyle, A., and Diffenbaugh, N.: Pleistocene water cycle and eastern boundary current processes along the California continental margin, Paleoceanography, 25, PA4211, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001836, 2010. a
Maher, B., Prospero, J., Mackie, D., Gaiero, D., Hesse, P., and Balkanski, Y.: Global connections between aeolian dust, climate and ocean biogeochemistry at the present day and at the last glacial maximum, Earth-Sci. Rev., 99, 61–97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.12.001, 2010. a
Markle, B., Steig, E., Roe, G., Winckler, G., and McConnell, J.: Concomitant variability in high-latitude aerosols, water isotopes and the hydrologic cycle, Na. Geosci., 11, 853–859, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0210-9, 2018. a
Masson-Delmotte, V., Kageyama, M., Braconnot, P., Charbit, S., Krinner, G., Ritz, C., Guilyardi, E., Jouzel, J., Abe-Ouchi, A., Crucifix, M., Gladstone, R. M., Hewitt, C. D., Kitoh, A., LeGrande, A. N., Marti, O., Merkel, U., Motoi, T., Ohgaito, R., Otto-Bliesner, B., Peltier, W. R., Ross, I., Valdes, P. J., Vettoretti, G., Weber, S. L., Wolk, F., and Yu, Y.: Past and future polar amplification of climate change: climate model intercomparisons and ice-core constraints, Clim. Dynam., 26, 513–529, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-005-0081-9, 2006. a
Mitchell, J.: An overview of climatic variability and its causal mechanisms, Quatern. Res., 6, 481–493, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(76)90021-1, 1976. a
Mohtadi, M., Lückge, A., Steinke, S., Groeneveld, J., Hebbeln, D., and Westphal, N.: Late Pleistocene surface and thermocline conditions of the eastern tropical Indian Ocean, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 887–896, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.12.006, 2010. a
Naafs, B. D. A., Hefter, J., Grützner, J., and Stein, R.: Warming of surface waters in the mid-latitude North Atlantic during Heinrich events, Paleoceanography, 28, 153–163, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012PA002354, 2013. a
Nilsen, T., Rypdal, K., and Fredriksen, H.-B.: Are there multiple scaling regimes in Holocene temperature records?, Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 419–439, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-419-2016, 2016. a
North Greenland Ice Core Project members, Andersen, K. K., Azuma, N., Barnola, J.-M., Bigler, M., Biscaye, P., Caillon, N., Chappellaz, J., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Fischer, H., Flückiger, J., Fritzsche, D., Fujii, Y., Goto-Azuma, K., Grønvold, K., Gundestrup, N. S., Hansson, M., Huber, C., Hvidberg, C. S., Johnsen, S. J., Jonsell, U., Jouzel, J., Kipfstuhl, S., Landais, A., Leuenberger, M., Lorrain, R., Masson-Delmotte, V., Miller, H., Motoyama, H., Narita, H., Popp, T., Rasmussen, S. O., Raynaud, D., Rothlisberger, R., Ruth, U., Samyn, D., Schwander, J., Shoji, H., Siggard-Andersen, M.-L., Steffensen, J. P., Stocker, T., Sveinbjörnsdóttir, A. E., Svensson, A., Takata, M., Tison, J.-L., Thorsteinsson, T., Watanabe, O., Wilhelms, F., and White, J. W. C.: High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period, Nature, 431, 147–151, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02805, 2004. a
Petit, J. R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N. I., Barnola, J.-M., Basile, I., Bender, M., Chappellaz, J., Davis, M., Delaygue, G., Delmotte, M., Kotlyakov, V. M., Legrand, M., Lipenkov, V. Y., Lorius, C., Pépin, L., Ritz, C., Saltzman, E., and Stievenard, M.: Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica, Nature, 399, 429–436, https://doi.org/10.1038/20859, 1999. a
Rasmussen, S. O., Bigler, M., Blockley, S. P., Blunier, T., Buchardt, S. L., Clausen, H. B., Cvijanovic, I., Dahl-Jensen, D., Johnsen, S. J., Fischer, H., Gkinis, V., Guillevic, M., Hoek, W. Z., Lowe, J. J., Pedro, J. B., Popp, T., Seierstad, I. K., Steffensen, J. P., Svensson, A. M., Vallelonga, P., Vinther, B. M., Walker, M. J., Wheatley, J. J., and Winstrup, M.: A stratigraphic framework for abrupt climatic changes during the Last Glacial period based on three synchronized Greenland ice-core records: refining and extending the INTIMATE event stratigraphy, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 106, 14–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.007, 2014. a, b, c, d
Rehfeld, K., Münch, T., Ho, S. L., and Laepple, T.: Global patterns of declining temperature variability from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene, Nature, 554, 356–359, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25454, 2018. a
Reschke, M., Kröner, I., and Laepple, T.: Testing the consistency of Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum spatial correlations in temperature proxy records, J. Quaternary Sci., 36, 20–28, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3245, 2021. a
Ruddiman, W.: Earth's Climate: Past and Future, W. H. Freeman, ISBN 13:978-0-7167-8490-6, ISBN 10:0-7167-8490-4, 2008. a
Ruth, U., Barnola, J.-M., Beer, J., Bigler, M., Blunier, T., Castellano, E., Fischer, H., Fundel, F., Huybrechts, P., Kaufmann, P., Kipfstuhl, S., Lambrecht, A., Morganti, A., Oerter, H., Parrenin, F., Rybak, O., Severi, M., Udisti, R., Wilhelms, F., and Wolff, E.: “EDML1”: a chronology for the EPICA deep ice core from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, over the last 150 000 years, Clim. Past, 3, 475–484, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-475-2007, 2007. a
Sato, H., Suzuki, T., Hirabayashi, M., Iizuka, Y., Motoyama, H., and Fujii, Y.: Mineral and Sea-Salt Aerosol Fluxes over the Last 340 kyr Reconstructed from the Total Concentration of Al and Na in the Dome Fuji Ice Core, Atmos. Clim. Sci., 3, 186–192, https://doi.org/10.4236/acs.2013.32020, 2013. a
Schüpbach, S., Federer, U., Kaufmann, P. R., Albani, S., Barbante, C., Stocker, T. F., and Fischer, H.: High-resolution mineral dust and sea ice proxy records from the Talos Dome ice core, Clim. Past, 9, 2789–2807, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2789-2013, 2013. a
Simonsen, M., Baccolo, G., Blunier, T., Borunda, A., Delmonte, B., Frei, R., Goldstein, S., Grinsted, A., Kjær, H., Sowers, T., Svensson, A., Vinther, B., Vladimirova, D., Winckler, G., Winstrup, M., and Vallelonga, P.: East Greenland ice core dust record reveals timing of Greenland ice sheet advance and retreat, Nat. Commun., 10, 4494, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12546-2, 2019. a
Spiridonov, A. and Lovejoy, S.: Life rather than climate influences diversity at scales greater than 40 million years, Nature, 607, 307–312, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04867-y, 2022. a
Stocker, T. F. and Johnsen, S. J.: A minimum thermodynamic model for the bipolar seesaw, Paleoceanography, 18, 1087, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003PA000920, 2003. a, b
Svensson, A., Andersen, K. K., Bigler, M., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Davies, S. M., Johnsen, S. J., Muscheler, R., Parrenin, F., Rasmussen, S. O., Röthlisberger, R., Seierstad, I., Steffensen, J. P., and Vinther, B. M.: A 60 000 year Greenland stratigraphic ice core chronology, Clim. Past, 4, 47–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-4-47-2008, 2008. a, b
Tierney, J. E., Russell, J. M., Huang, Y., Damsté, J. S. S., Hopmans, E. C., and Cohen, A. S.: Northern Hemisphere Controls on Tropical Southeast African Climate During the Past 60,000 Years, Science, 322, 252–255, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1160485, 2008. a, b
Tzedakis, P. C., Margari, V., Skinner, L. C., Menviel, L., Capron, E., Rhodes, R. H., Mleneck-Vautravers, M. J., Ezat, M. M., Martrat, B., Grimalt, J. O., and Hodell, D. A.: Palaeoceanographic, sediment and pollen data from sediment core MD01-2444 on the Portuguese Margin, Marine Isotope Stage 3, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.919846, 2020. a
Veres, D., Bazin, L., Landais, A., Kele, H. T. M., Lemieux-Dudon, B., Parrenin, F., Martinerie, P., Blayo, E., Blunier, T., Capron, E., Chappellaz, J., Rasmussen, S. O., Severi, M., Svensson, A., Vinther, B., and Wolff, E. W.: The Antarctic ice core chronology (AICC2012): An optimized multi-parameter and multi-site dating approach for the last 120 thousand years, Clim. Past, 9, 1733–1748, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1733-2013, 2013. a
von der Heydt, A. S., Ashwin, P., Camp, C. D., Crucifix, M., Dijkstra, H. A., Ditlevsen, P., and Lenton, T. M.: Quantification and interpretation of the climate variability record, Global Planet. Change, 197, 103399, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103399, 2021. a, b
Wunsch, C.: The spectral description of climate change including the 100 ky energy, Clim. Dynam., 20, 353–363, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-002-0279-z, 2003. a
Zhu, F., Emile-Geay, J., McKay, N. P., Hakim, G. J., Khider, D., Ault, T. R., Steig, E. J., Dee, S., and Kirchner, J. W.: Climate models can correctly simulate the continuum of global-average temperature variability, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 8728–8733, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809959116, 2019. a
Short summary
This study employs Haar fluctuations to analyse global atmospheric variability over the Last Glacial Cycle, revealing a latitudinal dependency in the transition from macroweather to climate regimes. Findings indicate faster synchronisation between poles and lower latitudes, supporting the pivotal role of poles as climate change drivers.
This study employs Haar fluctuations to analyse global atmospheric variability over the Last...
