Articles | Volume 19, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2389-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2389-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Nov 2023
Research article |
| 21 Nov 2023
| 21 Nov 2023
The climate in Poland (central Europe) in the first half of the last millennium, revisited
Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Piotr Oliński
Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Department of Medieval History, Institute of History and Archival Sciences, Faculty of History, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Marcin Koprowski
Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Elżbieta Szychowska-Krąpiec
Department of Environmental Analysis, Geological Mapping and Economic Geology, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
Marek Krąpiec
Department of General Geology and Geotourism, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
Aleksandra Pospieszyńska
Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Radosław Puchałka
Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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The purpose of this study is to recognise the nature of the climate in historical times (second half of 18th century) in Greenland. Such knowledge is important for validating Greenland temperature reconstructions based both on modelling works and various proxies. The two unique series of old meteorological observations from Greenland we used indicated that temperature in the study period was comparable to that of the Early Twenty Century Arctic Warming but lower than the present day.
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We present daily temperature and sea level pressure fields for Europe for the severe winter 1788/1789 based on historical meteorological measurements and an analogue reconstruction approach. The resulting reconstruction skilfully reproduces temperature and pressure variations over central and western Europe. We find intense blocking systems over northern Europe and several abrupt, strong cold air outbreaks, demonstrating that quantitative weather reconstruction of past extremes is possible.
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This paper presents temperature and pressure measurements from the 37 stations of the late 18th century network of the Societas Meteorologica Palatina, in addition to providing an inventory of the available observations, most of which have been digitised. The quality of the recovered series is relatively good, as demonstrated by two case studies. Early instrumental data such as these will help to explore past climate and weather extremes in Europe in greater detail.
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The paper presents the main features of droughts in Poland in the period 996–2015 based on proxy data (documentary and dendrochronological) and instrumental measurements of precipitation. More than 100 droughts were found in documentary sources from the mid-15th century to the end of the 18th century with a maximum in the second halves of the 17th and, particularly, the 18th century. The long-term frequency of droughts in Poland has been stable for the last two or three centuries.
Rajmund Przybylak, Garima Singh, Przemysław Wyszyński, Andrzej Araźny, and Konrad Chmist
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2023-95, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2023-95, 2023
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Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Dobrovolný, Christian Pfister, Katrin Kleemann, Kateřina Chromá, Péter Szabó, and Piotr Olinski
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Duncan Pappert, Mariano Barriendos, Yuri Brugnara, Noemi Imfeld, Sylvie Jourdain, Rajmund Przybylak, Christian Rohr, and Stefan Brönnimann
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Clim. Past, 17, 2361–2379, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2361-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2361-2021, 2021
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This paper presents temperature and pressure measurements from the 37 stations of the late 18th century network of the Societas Meteorologica Palatina, in addition to providing an inventory of the available observations, most of which have been digitised. The quality of the recovered series is relatively good, as demonstrated by two case studies. Early instrumental data such as these will help to explore past climate and weather extremes in Europe in greater detail.
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Related subject area
Subject: Climate Modelling | Archive: Historical Records | Timescale: Centennial-Decadal
Climatic and societal impacts in Scandinavia following the 536 and 540 CE volcanic double event
A Bayesian approach to historical climatology for the Burgundian Low Countries in the 15th century
Was there a volcanic-induced long-lasting cooling over the Northern Hemisphere in the mid-6th–7th century?
A pseudoproxy assessment of why climate field reconstruction methods perform the way they do in time and space
China's historical record when searching for tropical cyclones corresponding to Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts over the past 2 kyr
On-line and off-line data assimilation in palaeoclimatology: a case study
Modeling of severe persistent droughts over eastern China during the last millennium
Evelien van Dijk, Ingar Mørkestøl Gundersen, Anna de Bode, Helge Høeg, Kjetil Loftsgarden, Frode Iversen, Claudia Timmreck, Johann Jungclaus, and Kirstin Krüger
Clim. Past, 19, 357–398, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-357-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-357-2023, 2023
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The mid-6th century was one of the coldest periods of the last 2000 years as characterized by great societal changes. Here, we study the effect of the volcanic double event in 536 CE and 540 CE on climate and society in southern Norway. The combined climate and growing degree day models and high-resolution pollen and archaeological records reveal that the northern and western sites are vulnerable to crop failure with possible abandonment of farms, whereas the southeastern site is more resilient.
Chantal Camenisch, Fernando Jaume-Santero, Sam White, Qing Pei, Ralf Hand, Christian Rohr, and Stefan Brönnimann
Clim. Past, 18, 2449–2462, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2449-2022, 2022
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We present a novel approach to assimilate climate information contained in chronicles and annals from the 15th century to generate climate reconstructions of the Burgundian Low Countries, taking into account uncertainties associated with the descriptions of narrative sources. Our study aims to be a first step towards a more quantitative use of available information contained in historical texts, showing how Bayesian inference can help the climate community with this endeavor.
Evelien van Dijk, Johann Jungclaus, Stephan Lorenz, Claudia Timmreck, and Kirstin Krüger
Clim. Past, 18, 1601–1623, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1601-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1601-2022, 2022
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A double volcanic eruption in 536 and 540 CE caused one of the coldest decades during the last 2000 years. We analyzed new climate model simulations from that period and found a cooling of up to 2°C and a sea-ice extent up to 200 km further south. Complex interactions between sea ice and ocean circulation lead to a reduction in the northward ocean heat transport, which makes the sea ice extend further south; this in turn leads to a surface cooling up to 20 years after the eruptions.
Sooin Yun, Jason E. Smerdon, Bo Li, and Xianyang Zhang
Clim. Past, 17, 2583–2605, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2583-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2583-2021, 2021
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Climate field reconstructions (CFRs) estimate spatiotemporal climate conditions hundreds to thousands of years into the past. Assessing CFR skills is critical for improving their interpretation and ultimately for deriving better CFR estimates. We apply new methods for assessing spatiotemporal skill using formalized null hypotheses to derive a detailed assessment of why CFR skill varies across multiple methods, with implications for improving future CFR estimates.
Huei-Fen Chen, Yen-Chu Liu, Chih-Wen Chiang, Xingqi Liu, Yu-Min Chou, and Hui-Juan Pan
Clim. Past, 15, 279–289, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-279-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-279-2019, 2019
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China’s historical typhoon data show that (1) the tracks of typhoons correspond to the north–southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation, which show a nearly 30-year and a 60-year cycle during the Little Ice Age (LIA) and (2) paleotyphoons made landfall in mainland China 1 month earlier during the Medieval Warm Period than during the LIA.
A. Matsikaris, M. Widmann, and J. Jungclaus
Clim. Past, 11, 81–93, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-81-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-81-2015, 2015
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We compare an off-line and an on-line ensemble-based data assimilation method, for the climate of the 17th century. Both schemes perform better than the simulations without DA, and similar skill on the continental and hemispheric scales is found. This indicates either a lack of control of the slow components in our setup or a lack of skill in the information propagation on decadal timescales. The temporal consistency of the analysis in the on-line method makes it generally more preferable.
Y. Peng, C. Shen, H. Cheng, and Y. Xu
Clim. Past, 10, 1079–1091, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1079-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1079-2014, 2014
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Short summary
The present paper upgrades our knowledge of Poland’s climate in the period 1001–1500 using multiproxy data. Four new climate reconstructions have been constructed – three based on dendrochronological data (since the 12th century) and one on documentary evidence (since the 15th century). The results should help improve the knowledge of climate change in Europe, particularly in central Europe.
The present paper upgrades our knowledge of Poland’s climate in the period 1001–1500 using...
