Articles | Volume 19, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1623-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1623-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
08 Aug 2023
Research article |
| 08 Aug 2023
| 08 Aug 2023
Tracing North Atlantic volcanism and seaway connectivity across the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM)
Centre for Planetary Habitability, Department of Geosciences,
University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1028 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
Ella W. Stokke
Centre for Planetary Habitability, Department of Geosciences,
University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1028 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
Alan D. Rooney
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, P.O. Box
208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA
Joost Frieling
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road,
Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann
Mainz Isotope and Geochemistry Centre (MIGHTY), Institute of
Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany
London Geochemistry and Isotope Centre (LOGIC), Institute of Earth
and Planetary Sciences, University College London and Birkbeck, University
of London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
David J. Wilson
London Geochemistry and Isotope Centre (LOGIC), Institute of Earth
and Planetary Sciences, University College London and Birkbeck, University
of London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
Henrik H. Svensen
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1047 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
Sverre Planke
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1047 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
Volcanic Basin Petroleum Research (VBPR AS), Høienhald,
Blindernveien 5, 0361 Oslo, Norway
Thierry Adatte
Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
Nicolas Thibault
Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Madeleine L. Vickers
Centre for Planetary Habitability, Department of Geosciences,
University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1028 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
Tamsin A. Mather
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road,
Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
Christian Tegner
Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Valentin Zuchuat
Palaeontology and Geological Institute, Aachen University,
Bergbaugebäude 1140, Wüllnerstraße 2, Aachen, Germany
Bo P. Schultz
Museum Salling – Fur Museum, 7884 Fur, Denmark
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Cited
34 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Feeling the pulse? Paleogene chronostratigraphy of Northern Ireland and the north of Ireland temporally coupled to the North Atlantic Igneous Province M. Cooper et al. https://doi.org/10.1130/G54157.1
- Advances in Glendonite Understanding and Its Potential for Carbon Capture B. Schultz & J. Huggett https://doi.org/10.3390/min15040410
- Lithium isotope and mercury evidence for enhanced continental weathering and intense volcanism during the Ordovician-Silurian transition X. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2024.12.010
- Extreme warming and pulsed volcanism during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum A. Salman et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-025-1944-y
- Coprolites from the Earliest Eocene Sundby bed, Mors, Denmark and the Record of Marine Vertebrate Coprolites Across the Cretaceous/Paleogene Boundary J. Milàn et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/fossils4030026
- The Baroch Nala section (NE Pakistan): A new PETM standard for the eastern Tethys M. Ali et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2024.107183
- 143–million-year seawater osmium isotopic record: Trends, rhythms, and dynamics of volcanism and tectonics H. Matsumoto et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adw8301
- Hafnium-neodymium isotopic evidence for latitudinal heterogeneity in continental silicate weathering during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum H. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105624
- Rapid emplacement of a Palaeogene silicic volcanic centre, Arran, western Scotland R. Gooday et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2024.107789
- High-precision U–Pb geochronology of the Lundy igneous complex: implications for North Atlantic volcanism and the far-field Paleocene–Eocene ash record K. Lisica et al. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2023-140
- Ocean acidification signals through deep time: A review of proxies S. Patra & J. Punekar https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eve.2024.100056
- Impact of Paleocene–Eocene tectonic and climatic forcing on Arctic sediment transfer variability: SW Barents Sea, Norway A. Lasabuda et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2024.107447
- Soil formation and weathering over the past 60 kyr reconstructed using lithium isotopes from Maar records P. Pogge von Strandmann et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2026.03.003
- A new species of agglutinated foraminifera from early Eocene sediments of the southern Baltic Sea S. Matting & M. Reich https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-025-00764-7
- 古新世-始新世极热事件时期极端变暖与脉冲火山活动 A. SALMAN et al. https://doi.org/10.1360/N072025-0853
- Coupled increases in pelagic fish productivity and export productivity during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum X. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-77863-9
- New constraints on the absolute age and duration of the Paleocene – Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) from ash layer +19 in Denmark M. Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119643
- Volcanic controls on smectite authigenesis and paleoclimate signals across the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) sedimentary record from the Norwegian-Greenland Sea N. Turton et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.114231
- Paleocene–Eocene age glendonites from the Mid-Norwegian Margin – indicators of cold snaps in the hothouse? M. Vickers et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1-2024
- Early Cretaceous giant glendonites: A record of (sub-)millennial-scale cooling? M. Vickers et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112739
- Phanerozoic paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic evolution in Svalbard A. Smyrak-Sikora et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2133-2025
- Endocranial anatomy and phylogenetic position of the crocodylian Eosuchus lerichei from the late Paleocene of northwestern Europe and potential adaptations for transoceanic dispersal in gavialoids P. Burke et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25569
- Mercury efficiently volatilized but not completely removed from sediments around igneous intrusions J. Frieling et al. https://doi.org/10.1130/G52622.1
- Survivors of the extreme: fungus gnats from the PETM recovery interval of the Eocene Fur Formation in Denmark A. Pełczyńska et al. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.01326.2026
- Biogeochemical responses to global warming during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum in the eastern Tethys Q. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111969
- Millennial-timescale thermogenic CO2 release preceding the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum S. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60939-3
- Volcanism-driven redox and productivity responses during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum in the western Atlantic X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105586
- Contourite deposits reveal late Paleocene to early Eocene deepwater circulation in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea T. Sømme et al. https://doi.org/10.1130/G54183.1
- Volcanic cataclysm and the Late Devonian mass extinctions: wishful speculation or a reliable hypothesis? G. Racki & A. Pisarzowska https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113832
- Stolleagrion foghnielseni (Odonata, Cephalozygoptera, Dysagrionidae) gen. et sp. nov.: a new odonatan from the PETM recovery phase of the earliest Ypresian Fur Formation, Denmark T. SIMONSEN et al. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.9
- Silicate weathering in the semi-arid Southern Pyrenees during the PETM: lithium isotope evidence R. Jaimes-Gutierrez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-709-2026
- Lithium isotopes as a chemical weathering proxy in lacustrine sediments: Implications from multiphase leaching analyses Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104986
- Enhanced marine burial of terrestrial organic carbon through the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum G. Inglis et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-02012-2
- The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) interval in the southwestern Mediterranean Tethys at Morocco: New data from a high-resolution study of dinoflagellate cysts and palynofacies in the Rif Chain S. Aboutofail & H. Slimani https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112522
34 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Feeling the pulse? Paleogene chronostratigraphy of Northern Ireland and the north of Ireland temporally coupled to the North Atlantic Igneous Province M. Cooper et al. https://doi.org/10.1130/G54157.1
- Advances in Glendonite Understanding and Its Potential for Carbon Capture B. Schultz & J. Huggett https://doi.org/10.3390/min15040410
- Lithium isotope and mercury evidence for enhanced continental weathering and intense volcanism during the Ordovician-Silurian transition X. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2024.12.010
- Extreme warming and pulsed volcanism during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum A. Salman et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-025-1944-y
- Coprolites from the Earliest Eocene Sundby bed, Mors, Denmark and the Record of Marine Vertebrate Coprolites Across the Cretaceous/Paleogene Boundary J. Milàn et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/fossils4030026
- The Baroch Nala section (NE Pakistan): A new PETM standard for the eastern Tethys M. Ali et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2024.107183
- 143–million-year seawater osmium isotopic record: Trends, rhythms, and dynamics of volcanism and tectonics H. Matsumoto et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adw8301
- Hafnium-neodymium isotopic evidence for latitudinal heterogeneity in continental silicate weathering during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum H. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105624
- Rapid emplacement of a Palaeogene silicic volcanic centre, Arran, western Scotland R. Gooday et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2024.107789
- High-precision U–Pb geochronology of the Lundy igneous complex: implications for North Atlantic volcanism and the far-field Paleocene–Eocene ash record K. Lisica et al. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2023-140
- Ocean acidification signals through deep time: A review of proxies S. Patra & J. Punekar https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eve.2024.100056
- Impact of Paleocene–Eocene tectonic and climatic forcing on Arctic sediment transfer variability: SW Barents Sea, Norway A. Lasabuda et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2024.107447
- Soil formation and weathering over the past 60 kyr reconstructed using lithium isotopes from Maar records P. Pogge von Strandmann et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2026.03.003
- A new species of agglutinated foraminifera from early Eocene sediments of the southern Baltic Sea S. Matting & M. Reich https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-025-00764-7
- 古新世-始新世极热事件时期极端变暖与脉冲火山活动 A. SALMAN et al. https://doi.org/10.1360/N072025-0853
- Coupled increases in pelagic fish productivity and export productivity during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum X. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-77863-9
- New constraints on the absolute age and duration of the Paleocene – Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) from ash layer +19 in Denmark M. Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119643
- Volcanic controls on smectite authigenesis and paleoclimate signals across the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) sedimentary record from the Norwegian-Greenland Sea N. Turton et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.114231
- Paleocene–Eocene age glendonites from the Mid-Norwegian Margin – indicators of cold snaps in the hothouse? M. Vickers et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1-2024
- Early Cretaceous giant glendonites: A record of (sub-)millennial-scale cooling? M. Vickers et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112739
- Phanerozoic paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic evolution in Svalbard A. Smyrak-Sikora et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2133-2025
- Endocranial anatomy and phylogenetic position of the crocodylian Eosuchus lerichei from the late Paleocene of northwestern Europe and potential adaptations for transoceanic dispersal in gavialoids P. Burke et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25569
- Mercury efficiently volatilized but not completely removed from sediments around igneous intrusions J. Frieling et al. https://doi.org/10.1130/G52622.1
- Survivors of the extreme: fungus gnats from the PETM recovery interval of the Eocene Fur Formation in Denmark A. Pełczyńska et al. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.01326.2026
- Biogeochemical responses to global warming during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum in the eastern Tethys Q. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111969
- Millennial-timescale thermogenic CO2 release preceding the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum S. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60939-3
- Volcanism-driven redox and productivity responses during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum in the western Atlantic X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105586
- Contourite deposits reveal late Paleocene to early Eocene deepwater circulation in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea T. Sømme et al. https://doi.org/10.1130/G54183.1
- Volcanic cataclysm and the Late Devonian mass extinctions: wishful speculation or a reliable hypothesis? G. Racki & A. Pisarzowska https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113832
- Stolleagrion foghnielseni (Odonata, Cephalozygoptera, Dysagrionidae) gen. et sp. nov.: a new odonatan from the PETM recovery phase of the earliest Ypresian Fur Formation, Denmark T. SIMONSEN et al. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.9
- Silicate weathering in the semi-arid Southern Pyrenees during the PETM: lithium isotope evidence R. Jaimes-Gutierrez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-709-2026
- Lithium isotopes as a chemical weathering proxy in lacustrine sediments: Implications from multiphase leaching analyses Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104986
- Enhanced marine burial of terrestrial organic carbon through the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum G. Inglis et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-02012-2
- The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) interval in the southwestern Mediterranean Tethys at Morocco: New data from a high-resolution study of dinoflagellate cysts and palynofacies in the Rif Chain S. Aboutofail & H. Slimani https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112522
Saved (final revised paper)
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 02 Nov 2026
Short summary
There are periods in Earth’s history when huge volumes of magma are erupted at the Earth’s surface. The gases released from volcanic eruptions and from sediments heated by the magma are believed to have caused severe climate changes in the geological past. We use a variety of volcanic and climatic tracers to assess how the North Atlantic Igneous Province (56–54 Ma) affected the oceans and atmosphere during a period of extreme global warming.
There are periods in Earth’s history when huge volumes of magma are erupted at the Earth’s...
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