Articles | Volume 18, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-327-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-327-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
25 Feb 2022
Research article |
| 25 Feb 2022
| 25 Feb 2022
Analysis of early Japanese meteorological data and historical weather documents to reconstruct the winter climate between the 1840s and the early 1850s
Junpei Hirano
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Faculty of Liberal Arts, Department of History, Teikyo University, 359 Otsuka Hachioji-Shi, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
Takehiko Mikami
Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences, Department of Geography, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-Shi, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
Masumi Zaiki
Faculty of Economics, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-Kitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
Related authors
Hiroko Miyahara, Ryuho Kataoka, Takehiko Mikami, Masumi Zaiki, Junpei Hirano, Minoru Yoshimura, Yasuyuki Aono, and Kiyomi Iwahashi
Ann. Geophys., 36, 633–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-633-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-633-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Old diaries kept in Japan tell us a surprising fact. The 27-day solar rotational period in thunder and lightning activities had been persistent for the past 300 years. The intensity is found to be more prominent as solar activity increases. The physical mechanism of the Sun–Climate connection is yet uncertain, an important link surely exists between the solar activity and terrestrial climate even at a meteorological timescale.
Hiroko Miyahara, Ryuho Kataoka, Takehiko Mikami, Masumi Zaiki, Junpei Hirano, Minoru Yoshimura, Yasuyuki Aono, and Kiyomi Iwahashi
Ann. Geophys., 36, 633–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-633-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-633-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Old diaries kept in Japan tell us a surprising fact. The 27-day solar rotational period in thunder and lightning activities had been persistent for the past 300 years. The intensity is found to be more prominent as solar activity increases. The physical mechanism of the Sun–Climate connection is yet uncertain, an important link surely exists between the solar activity and terrestrial climate even at a meteorological timescale.
Related subject area
Subject: Proxy Use-Development-Validation | Archive: Historical Records | Timescale: Decadal-Seasonal
A global inventory of quantitative documentary evidence related to climate since the 15th century
The 1600 CE Huaynaputina eruption as a possible trigger for persistent cooling in the North Atlantic region
Climate indices in historical climate reconstructions: a global state of the art
Could phenological records from Chinese poems of the Tang and Song dynasties (618–1279 CE) be reliable evidence of past climate changes?
Central Europe, 1531–1540 CE: The driest summer decade of the past five centuries?
“Everything is scorched by the burning sun”: missionary perspectives and experiences of 19th- and early 20th-century droughts in semi-arid central Namibia
Patterns in data of extreme droughts/floods and harvest grades derived from historical documents in eastern China during 801–1910
The extreme drought of 1842 in Europe as described by both documentary data and instrumental measurements
The climate in south-east Moravia, Czech Republic, 1803–1830, based on daily weather records kept by the Reverend Šimon Hausner
The climate of Granada (southern Spain) during the first third of the 18th century (1706–1730) according to documentary sources
Extracting weather information from a plantation document
Variation of extreme drought and flood in North China revealed by document-based seasonal precipitation reconstruction for the past 300 years
300 years of hydrological records and societal responses to droughts and floods on the Pacific coast of Central America
Multi-proxy reconstructions of May–September precipitation field in China over the past 500 years
Climatic effects and impacts of the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora in the Czech Lands
Endless cold: a seasonal reconstruction of temperature and precipitation in the Burgundian Low Countries during the 15th century based on documentary evidence
Observations of a stratospheric aerosol veil from a tropical volcanic eruption in December 1808: is this the Unknown ∼1809 eruption?
Documentary-derived chronologies of rainfall variability in Antigua, Lesser Antilles, 1770–1890
An underestimated record breaking event – why summer 1540 was likely warmer than 2003
Snow and weather climatic control on snow avalanche occurrence fluctuations over 50 yr in the French Alps
Climate variability in Andalusia (southern Spain) during the period 1701–1850 based on documentary sources: evaluation and comparison with climate model simulations
Spring-summer temperatures reconstructed for northern Switzerland and southwestern Germany from winter rye harvest dates, 1454–1970
Angela-Maria Burgdorf
Clim. Past, 18, 1407–1428, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1407-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1407-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This comprehensive inventory of quantitative documentary evidence related to climate extending back to 1400 CE promotes the first ever global perspective on documentary climate records. It lays the foundation for incorporating documentary evidence from archives of societies into global-scale climate reconstructions, complementing (early) instrumental measurements and natural climate proxies. Documentary records are particularly relevant in seasons and regions poorly covered by natural proxies.
Sam White, Eduardo Moreno-Chamarro, Davide Zanchettin, Heli Huhtamaa, Dagomar Degroot, Markus Stoffel, and Christophe Corona
Clim. Past, 18, 739–757, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-739-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-739-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines whether the 1600 Huaynaputina volcano eruption triggered persistent cooling in the North Atlantic. It compares previous paleoclimate simulations with new climate reconstructions from natural proxies and historical documents and finds that the reconstructions are consistent with, but do not support, an eruption trigger for persistent cooling. The study also analyzes societal impacts of climatic change in ca. 1600 and the use of historical observations in model–data comparison.
David J. Nash, George C. D. Adamson, Linden Ashcroft, Martin Bauch, Chantal Camenisch, Dagomar Degroot, Joelle Gergis, Adrian Jusopović, Thomas Labbé, Kuan-Hui Elaine Lin, Sharon D. Nicholson, Qing Pei, María del Rosario Prieto, Ursula Rack, Facundo Rojas, and Sam White
Clim. Past, 17, 1273–1314, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1273-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1273-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Qualitative evidence contained within historical sources provides an important record of climate variability for periods prior to the onset of systematic meteorological data collection. Before such evidence can be used for climate reconstructions, it needs to be converted to a quantitative format. A common approach is the generation of ordinal-scale climate indices. This review, written by members of the PAGES CRIAS working group, provides a global synthesis of the use of the index approach.
Yachen Liu, Xiuqi Fang, Junhu Dai, Huanjiong Wang, and Zexing Tao
Clim. Past, 17, 929–950, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-929-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-929-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
There are controversies about whether poetry can be used as one of the evidence sources for past climate changes. We tried to discuss the reliability and validity of phenological records from poems of the Tang and Song dynasties (618–1279 CE) by analyzing their certainties and uncertainties. A standardized processing method for phenological records from poems is introduced. We hope that this study can provide a reference for the extraction and application of phenological records from poems.
Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Dobrovolný, Martin Bauch, Chantal Camenisch, Andrea Kiss, Oldřich Kotyza, Piotr Oliński, and Ladislava Řezníčková
Clim. Past, 16, 2125–2151, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2125-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2125-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Previous studies related to historical droughts in the Czech Lands showed that the summers of 1531–1540 could represent the driest summer decade of the past 500 years. To confirm this hypothesis, documentary data from central Europe were collected and presented for individual summers and complemented by maps of precipitation and drought distribution to document corresponding weather patterns and their various impacts. The main droughts occurred in 1532, 1534–1536, 1538, and particularly in 1540.
Stefan Grab and Tizian Zumthurm
Clim. Past, 16, 679–697, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-679-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-679-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Here we describe the unique nature of droughts over semi-arid central Namibia (southern Africa) between 1850 and 1920. We establish temporal shifts in the influence and impact that historical droughts had on society and the environment during this period. The paper demonstrates and argues that human experience and the associated reporting of drought events depend strongly on social, environmental, spatial, and societal developmental situations and perspectives.
Zhixin Hao, Maowei Wu, Jingyun Zheng, Jiewei Chen, Xuezhen Zhang, and Shiwei Luo
Clim. Past, 16, 101–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-101-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-101-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Using reconstructed extreme drought/flood chronologies and grain harvest series derived from historical documents, it is found that the frequency of reporting of extreme droughts in any subregion of eastern China was significantly associated with lower reconstructed harvests during 801–1910. The association was weak during the warm epoch of 920–1300 but strong during the cold epoch of 1310–1880, which indicates that a warm climate might weaken the impact of extreme drought on poor harvests.
Rudolf Brázdil, Gaston R. Demarée, Andrea Kiss, Petr Dobrovolný, Kateřina Chromá, Miroslav Trnka, Lukáš Dolák, Ladislava Řezníčková, Pavel Zahradníček, Danuta Limanowka, and Sylvie Jourdain
Clim. Past, 15, 1861–1884, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1861-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1861-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents analysis of the 1842 drought in Europe (except the Mediterranean) based on documentary data and instrumental records. First the meteorological background of this drought is shown (seasonal distribution of precipitation, annual variation of temperature, precipitation and drought indices, synoptic reasons) and effects of drought on water management, agriculture, and in society are described in detail with particular attention to human responses.
Rudolf Brázdil, Hubert Valášek, Kateřina Chromá, Lukáš Dolák, Ladislava Řezníčková, Monika Bělínová, Adam Valík, and Pavel Zahradníček
Clim. Past, 15, 1205–1222, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1205-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1205-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The paper analyses a weather diary of the Reverend Šimon Hausner from Buchlovice in south-east Moravia, Czech Republic, in the 1803–1831 period. From daily weather records, series of numbers of precipitation days, cloudiness, strong winds, fogs, and thunderstorms were created. These records were further used to interpret weighted temperature and precipitation indices. Records of Šimon Hausner represent an important contribution to the study of climate fluctuations on the central European scale.
Fernando S. Rodrigo
Clim. Past, 15, 647–659, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-647-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-647-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The climate of Granada (southern Spain) during the first third of the 18th century is reconstructed. Results suggest that climatic conditions were similar to those of the first decades of the 20th century, when the global warming signal was of less importance than today. In addition, the paper presents the instrumental data taken in Granada in 1729, probably the first instrumental meteorological data recorded in Spain. Some extreme events, such as the cold wave of winter 1729, are studied.
Gregory Burris, Jane Washburn, Omar Lasheen, Sophia Dorribo, James B. Elsner, and Ronald E. Doel
Clim. Past, 15, 477–492, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-477-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-477-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Historical documents are full of untapped data on past climate conditions. Our paper sets out a method for extracting this information into a database that is easily utilized by climate scientists. We apply this method to a document from Shirley Plantation covering the years 1816–1842. We then provide two case studies to demonstrate the validity and utility of the new method and database.
Jingyun Zheng, Yingzhuo Yu, Xuezhen Zhang, and Zhixin Hao
Clim. Past, 14, 1135–1145, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1135-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1135-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the decadal variations of extreme droughts and floods in North China using a 17-site seasonal precipitation reconstruction from a unique historical archive. Then, the link of extreme droughts and floods with ENSO episodes and large volcanic eruptions was discussed. This study helps us understand whether the recent extreme events observed by instruments exceed the natural variability at a regional scale, which may be useful for adaptation to extremes and disasters in the future.
Alvaro Guevara-Murua, Caroline A. Williams, Erica J. Hendy, and Pablo Imbach
Clim. Past, 14, 175–191, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-175-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-175-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study reconstructs a new semi-quantitative rainfall index for the Pacific coast of Central America using documentary sources for the period 1640 to 1945. In addition, we explore the various mechanisms and processes that may explain inter-annual and inter-decadal rainfall variability over the Pacific coast of Central America.
Feng Shi, Sen Zhao, Zhengtang Guo, Hugues Goosse, and Qiuzhen Yin
Clim. Past, 13, 1919–1938, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1919-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1919-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the multi-proxy precipitation field for China over the past 500 years, which includes three leading modes (a monopole, a dipole, and a triple) of precipitation variability. The dipole mode may be controlled by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability. Such reconstruction is an essential source of information to document the climate variability over decadal to centennial timescales and can be used to assess the ability of climate models to simulate past climate change.
Rudolf Brázdil, Ladislava Řezníčková, Hubert Valášek, Lukáš Dolák, and Oldřich Kotyza
Clim. Past, 12, 1361–1374, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1361-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1361-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The paper deals with climatic and human impacts of the strong Tambora (Indonesia) volcanic eruption in April 1815 over the Czech Lands territory based on analysis of documentary data and instrumental records. While climatic effects were related particularly to summers 1815 and 1816 (1816 is known as "a Year Without Summer"), quite important were societal impacts represented after bad harvest by steep increase in prices and shortages of food.
C. Camenisch
Clim. Past, 11, 1049–1066, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1049-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1049-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper applies the methods of historical climatology to present a climate reconstruction for the area of the Burgundian Low Countries during the 15th century. The results are based on documentary evidence. Approximately 3000 written records derived from about 100 different sources were examined and converted into seasonal seven-degree indices of temperature and precipitation.
A. Guevara-Murua, C. A. Williams, E. J. Hendy, A. C. Rust, and K. V. Cashman
Clim. Past, 10, 1707–1722, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1707-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1707-2014, 2014
A. J. Berland, S. E. Metcalfe, and G. H. Endfield
Clim. Past, 9, 1331–1343, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1331-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1331-2013, 2013
O. Wetter and C. Pfister
Clim. Past, 9, 41–56, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-41-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-41-2013, 2013
H. Castebrunet, N. Eckert, and G. Giraud
Clim. Past, 8, 855–875, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-855-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-855-2012, 2012
F. S. Rodrigo, J. J. Gómez-Navarro, and J. P. Montávez Gómez
Clim. Past, 8, 117–133, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-117-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-117-2012, 2012
O. Wetter and C. Pfister
Clim. Past, 7, 1307–1326, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1307-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1307-2011, 2011
Cited articles
Abdillah, M. R., Kanno, Y., Iwasaki, T., and Matsumoto, J.: Cold surge
pathways in East Asia and their tropical impacts, J. Climate, 34, 157–170,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0552.1, 2021.
Ando, N. and Ueno, K.: Occurrence tendency of heavy rainfall or snowfall in
the inland district of Japan in winter, Seppyo, 77, 397–410, 2015 (in
Japanese with English abstract).
Arakawa, H.: FUJIWHARA on five centuries of freezing dates of Lake Suwa in the Central Japan, Arch. Meteor. Geophy. B, 6, 152–166, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02246747, 1954.
Bradley, R. S.: Paleoclimatology: reconstructing climates of the quaternary, 3rd edn., Elsevier/Academic Press, San Diego, ISBN 9780123869135, 2014.
Brázdil, R., Pfister, C., Wanner, H., Storch, H. V., and Luterbacher,
J.: Historical climatology in Europe – The state of the art, Clim. Change,
70, 363–430, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-5924-1, 2005.
Fukaishi, K. and Tagami, Y.: An attempt of reconstructing winter weather
situations from 1720–1869 by the use of historical documents, in: Proceedings of the international symposium on the Little Ice Age Climate, Tokyo, 25–27 September 1991, edited by: Mikami, T., 194–204, 1992.
Fukuma, Y.: Picking up Readings of Hirosaki Clan Agency Diaries (Hirosaki
Hancho Nikki Hiroiyomi, Hoppo Shinsha, vol. 1 (1661–1740)), Hoppo Shinsha, p. 478, ISBN 9874892971501, 2010 (in Japanese).
Fukuma, Y.: Picking up Readings of Hirosaki Clan Agency Diaries (Hirosaki
Hancho Nikki Hiroiyomi, vol. 2 (1741–1868)), Hoppo Shinsha, p. 1241, ISBN 9874892972041, 2014 (in Japanese).
Ge, Q., Zheng, J., Hao, Z., Liu, Y., and Li, M.: recent advances on
reconstruction of climate and extreme events in China for the past 2000
years, J. Geogr. Sci., 26, 827–854, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-016-1301-4, 2016.
Gray, B. M.: Early Japanese winter temperatures, Weather, 29, 103–107,
1974.
Halpert, M. S. and Ropelewski, C. F.: Surface temperature patterns
associated with the southern oscillation, J. Climate, 5, 577–593, 1992.
Hao, Z., Zheng, J., Ge, Q., and Wang, W.: Historical analogues of the 2008
extreme snow event over Central and Southern China, Clim. Res., 50, 161–170,
https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01052, 2011.
Hirano, J. and Mikami, T.: Reconstruction of winter climate variations
during the 19th century in Japan, Int. J. Climatol., 28, 1423–1434,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1632, 2008.
Kamiguchi, K., Arakawa, O., Kitoh, A., Yatagai, A., Hamada, A., and Yasutomi, N.: Historical high-resolution daily precipitation gridded data over the Japan islands (APHRO_JP V1207), APHRODITE [data set], http://aphrodite.st.hirosaki-u.ac.jp/download/ (last access: 6 February 2020), 2010.
History Compilation committee of Kawanishi Town: History of Kawanishi, vol. 1, p. 1045, https://doi.org/10.11501/9539351, 1979.
History Compilation committee of Kawanishi Town: History of Kawanishi, vol. 2, p. 1154, https://doi.org/10.11501/9539352, 1983.
Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA): Tables of Monthly Climate Statistics, JMA [data set], https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/data/en/smp/index.html, last access: 6 February 2022.
Kamiguchi, K., Arakawa, O., Kitoh, A., Yatagai, A., Hamada, A., and
Yasutomi, N.: Development of APHRO_JP, the first Japanese
high-resolution daily precipitation product for more than 100 years, Hydrological Research Letters, 4, 60–64, https://doi.org/10.3178/hrl.4.60, 2010 (data available at: http://aphrodite.st.hirosaki-u.ac.jp/download/, last access: 6 February 2022).
Können, G. P., Zaiki, M., Baede, A. P. M., Mikami, T., Jones, P. D., and
Tsukahara, T.: Pre-1872 extension of the Japanese instrumental
meteorological observation series back to 1819, J. Climate, 16, 118–131, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0118:PEOTJI>2.0.CO;2, 2003.
Kupffer, A. T.: Annales de l'observatorie physique central de Russie.
Alexandre Jacobsen, St.Petersburg, 1850 (in Russian and French).
Kupffer, A. T.: Annales de l'observatorie physique central de Russie.
Alexandre Jacobsen, St.Petersburg, 1851 (in Russian and French).
Kupffer, A. T.: Annales de l'observatorie physique central de Russie.
Alexandre Jacobsen, St.Petersburg, 1852 (in Russian and French).
Kupffer, A. T.: Annales de l'observatorie physique central de Russie.
Alexandre Jacobsen, St.Petersburg, 1853a (in Russian and French).
Kupffer, A. T.: Annales de l'observatorie physique central de Russie.
Alexandre Jacobsen, St.Petersburg, 1853b (in Russian and French).
Kupffer, A. T.: Annales de l'observatorie physique central de Russie.
Alexandre Jacobsen, St.Petersburg, 1855a (in Russian and French).
Kupffer, A. T.: Annales de l'observatorie physique central de Russie.
Alexandre Jacobsen, St.Petersburg, 1855b (in Russian and French).
Kupffer, A. T.: Annales de l'observatorie physique central de Russie.
Alexandre Jacobsen, St.Petersburg, 1856 (in Russian and French).
Kupffer, A. T.: Annales de l'observatorie physique central de Russie.
Alexandre Jacobsen, St.Petersburg, 1857 (in Russian and French).
Kusakabe, M.: A Chronological aspect of the natural disasters in Chugoku
District, J. Meteorol. Res., 33, 89–133, 1978 (in Japanese).
Labbé, T., Pfister, C., Brönnimann, S., Rousseau, D., Franke, J., and Bois, B.: The longest homogeneous series of grape harvest dates, Beaune 1354–2018, and its significance for the understanding of past and present climate, Clim. Past, 15, 1485–1501, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1485-2019, 2019.
Lamb, H. H.: Climate: Present, Past and Future, vol. 2: Climatic history
and the future, Methuen, London and New York, p. 835, ISBN 9780064738811, 1977.
Miao, J., Wang, T., and Wang, H.: Interdecadal variations of the East Asian
winter monsoon in CMIP5 preindustrial simulations, J. Climate, 33, 559–575,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0148.1, 2020.
Mikami, T.: Summer temperature variabilities in Japan reconstructed from
diary weather records during the Little Ice Age, J. Geogr., 102, 144–151,
1993 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Mikami, T.: Climatic variations in Japan reconstructed from historical
documents, Weather, 63, 190–193, https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.281, 2008.
Mikami, T. and Ishiguro, N.: Climatic Variation for the last 550 years
reconstructed from freezing date records of Lake Suwa, Kisho-Kenkyu Note,
191, 73–83, 1998 (in Japanese).
Mikami, T. and Yoshimura, M.: Japan–Asia Climate Data Program, Historical Weather Database on the Web [data set], available at: https://jcdp.jp/historical-weather-database/ (last access: 6 February 2022), 2013.
Mizukoshi, M.: Climatic reconstruction in Central Japan during the Little
Ice Age based on documentary sources, J. Geogr., 102, 152–166, 1993 (in
Japanese with English abstract).
NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory: Twentieth Century Reanalysis, version 3 (20CRv3), NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSL [data set], Boulder, Colorado, USA, https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.20thC_ReanV3.html (last access: 6 February 2022), 2019.
Ortlieb, L.: Historical chronology of ENSO and the Nile flood record, in: Past Climate Variability through Europe and Africa. Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research, edited by: Battarbee, R. W., Gasse, F., and Stickley, C. E., Springer, Dordrecht, vol. 6, ISBN 9781402021206, 2004.
Quinn, W. H. and Neal, V. T.: The historical record of El Niño events, in: Climate Since A.D. 1500, edited by: Bradley, R. S. and Jones P. D., Routledge, London, ISBN 9780415075930, 1992.
Sakai, K. and Kawamura, R.: Remote response of the East Asian winter monsoon
to tropical forcing related to El Niño–Southern Oscillation, J.
Geophys. Res., 114, D06105, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010824, 2009.
Shiozaki, M., Enomoto, T., and Takaya, K.: Disparate midlatitude responses to
the Eastern Pacific El Niño, J. Climate, 34, 773–786, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0246.1, 2021.
Slivinski, L. C., Compo, G. P., Whitaker, J. S., Sardeshmukh, P. D., Giese,
B. S., McColl, C., Allan, R., Yin, X., Vose, R., Titchner, H., Kennedy, J.,
Spencer, L. J., Ashcroft, L., Brönnimann, S., Brunet, M., Camuffo, D.,
Cornes, R., Cram, T. A., Crouthamel, R., Domínguez-Castro, F., Freeman,
J. E., Gergis, J., Hawkins, E., Jones, P. D., Jourdain, S., Kaplan, A.,
Kubota, H., Le Blancq, F. L., Lee, T., Lorrey, A., Luterbacher, J., Maugeri,
M., Mock, C. J., Moore, G. W. K., Przybylak, R., Pudmenzky, C., Reason, C.,
Slonosky, V. C., Smith, C. A., Tinz, B., Trewin, B., Valente, M. A., Wang,
X. L., Wilkinson, C., Wood, K., and Wyszyński, P.: Towards a more
Reliable Historical Reanalysis: Improvements for version 3 of the Twentieth
Century Reanalysis system, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 145, 2876–2908, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3598, 2019.
Suzuki, H.: The classification of Japanese climates, Geographical Review of Japan, 35, 205–211, 1962 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Tanaka, M. and Yoshino, M. M.: Re-examination of the climatic change in
central Japan based on freezing dates of lake SUWA, Weather, 37, 252–259,
1982.
Tasaka, I.: Distribution of winter precipitation brought about by the
passage of depressions over the Japanese Islands, Geographical Review of Japan, 53, 18–28, 1980 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Ueda, H., Kibe, A., Saitoh, M., and Inoue, T.: Snowfall variations in Japan and its linkage with tropical forcing, Int. J. Climatol., 35, 991–998,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4032, 2015.
Ueno, K.: Inter-annual variability of surface Cyclone Tracks, atmospheric
circulation patterns, and precipitation patterns, in winter, J. Meteorol.
Soc. Jpn., 71, 655–671, 1993.
Wang, B., Wu, R., and Fu X.: Pacific-East Asian teleconnection: how does
ENSO affect East Asian climate, J. Climate, 13, 1517–1536, 2000.
Yamazaki, A., Honda, M., and Kuwano-Yoshida, A.: Heavy Snowfall in Kanto and
on the Pacific Ocean Side of Northern Japan Associated with Eastern Pacific
Blocking, SOLA, 11, 59–64, https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2015-013, 2015.
Yoshimura, M.: The Little Ice Age in Japan. Historical weather data base and
reconstruction of the climate in historical time, J. Geogr., 102, 131–143,
1993 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Yoshimura, M.: An introduction to historical weather database in Japan,
Tenki, 54, 191–194, 2007 (in Japanese).
Yoshimura, M.: Making the database of weather record in old diaries and its
significance, Hist. Geogr., 55, 53–68, 2013 (in Japanese with English
abstract).
Zaiki, M., Können, G. P., Tsukahara, T., Mikami, T., Matsumoto, K., and Jones, P. D.: Recovery of 19th century Tokyo/Osaka meteorological data in Japan, Int. J. Climatol., 26, 399–423, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1253, 2006.
Zaiki, M., Jones, P. D., and Tsukahara, T.: The nineteenth century 1841–1883
temperature records in Beijing, China, Geographical Reports of Tokyo
Metropolitan University, 43, 399–423, 2008.
Short summary
The East Asian winter monsoon causes orographic snowfall over the windward side of the Japanese islands (facing the Sea of Japan and the northwesterly winter monsoon flow) and negative temperature anomalies around Japan. In this study, we reconstruct the outbreak of the winter monsoon around Japan for the winter from the 1840s to the early 1850s by using daily weather information recorded in old Japanese diaries and early daily instrumental temperature data.
The East Asian winter monsoon causes orographic snowfall over the windward side of the Japanese...
