Articles | Volume 17, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2273-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2273-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Oct 2021
Research article |
| 27 Oct 2021
| 27 Oct 2021
Evolution of mean ocean temperature in Marine Isotope Stage 4
Sarah Shackleton
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
present address: Department of Geosciences, Princeton University,
Princeton, 08544, USA
James A. Menking
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State
University, Corvallis, 97331, USA
Edward Brook
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State
University, Corvallis, 97331, USA
Christo Buizert
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State
University, Corvallis, 97331, USA
Michael N. Dyonisius
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester,
14627, USA
present address: Physics of Ice, Climate and Earth, Niels Bohr
Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Vasilii V. Petrenko
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester,
14627, USA
Daniel Baggenstos
Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger
Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Jeffrey P. Severinghaus
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
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Cited
14 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Coccolithophore assemblage composition during the Greenland Interstadial–Stadial 20 transition and their response to the Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) supereruption ∼74,000 years ago in the northeastern Arabian Sea J. Guballa et al. 10.1371/journal.pone.0310041
- Mean ocean temperature change and decomposition of the benthic δ18O record over the past 4.5 million years P. Clark et al. 10.5194/cp-21-973-2025
- Land snail Δ47 thermometry using cultured and European natural populations of Clausilia pumila, Succinella oblonga and Trochulus hispidus G. Újvári et al. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122461
- Late Quaternary Ponto-Caspian dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from the Gulf of Corinth, Central Greece (eastern Mediterranean Sea) E. Fatourou et al. 10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102211
- A history-matching analysis of the Antarctic Ice Sheet since the Last Interglacial – Part 1: Ice sheet evolution B. Lecavalier & L. Tarasov 10.5194/tc-19-919-2025
- PaleoSTeHM v1.0: a modern, scalable spatiotemporal hierarchical modeling framework for paleo-environmental data Y. Lin et al. 10.5194/gmd-18-2609-2025
- The Effect of Past Saturation Changes on Noble Gas Reconstructions of Mean Ocean Temperature F. Pöppelmeier et al. 10.1029/2022GL102055
- Surface fertilisation and organic matter delivery enhanced carbonate dissolution in the western South Atlantic J. Suárez-Ibarra et al. 10.3389/fevo.2023.1238334
- Distinct roles for precession, obliquity, and eccentricity in Pleistocene 100-kyr glacial cycles S. Barker et al. 10.1126/science.adp3491
- Vegetation changes through stadial and interstadial stages of MIS 4 and MIS 3 based on a palynological analysis of the Girraween Lagoon sediments of Darwin, Australia C. Rowe et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112150
- A Systematic Role for Extreme Ocean‐Atmosphere Oscillations in the Development of Glacial Conditions Since the Mid Pleistocene Transition S. Barker & G. Knorr 10.1029/2023PA004690
- Multi‐Proxy Evidence for Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) Weakening During Deglaciations of the Past 150,000 Years M. Garity & D. Lund 10.1029/2023PA004629
- Ice-sheet expansion from the Ross Sea into McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, during the last two glaciations S. Heath et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107379
14 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Stratigraphic templates for ice core records of the past 1.5 Myr E. Wolff et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1563-2022
- Coccolithophore assemblage composition during the Greenland Interstadial–Stadial 20 transition and their response to the Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) supereruption ∼74,000 years ago in the northeastern Arabian Sea J. Guballa et al. 10.1371/journal.pone.0310041
- Mean ocean temperature change and decomposition of the benthic δ18O record over the past 4.5 million years P. Clark et al. 10.5194/cp-21-973-2025
- Land snail Δ47 thermometry using cultured and European natural populations of Clausilia pumila, Succinella oblonga and Trochulus hispidus G. Újvári et al. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122461
- Late Quaternary Ponto-Caspian dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from the Gulf of Corinth, Central Greece (eastern Mediterranean Sea) E. Fatourou et al. 10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102211
- A history-matching analysis of the Antarctic Ice Sheet since the Last Interglacial – Part 1: Ice sheet evolution B. Lecavalier & L. Tarasov 10.5194/tc-19-919-2025
- PaleoSTeHM v1.0: a modern, scalable spatiotemporal hierarchical modeling framework for paleo-environmental data Y. Lin et al. 10.5194/gmd-18-2609-2025
- The Effect of Past Saturation Changes on Noble Gas Reconstructions of Mean Ocean Temperature F. Pöppelmeier et al. 10.1029/2022GL102055
- Surface fertilisation and organic matter delivery enhanced carbonate dissolution in the western South Atlantic J. Suárez-Ibarra et al. 10.3389/fevo.2023.1238334
- Distinct roles for precession, obliquity, and eccentricity in Pleistocene 100-kyr glacial cycles S. Barker et al. 10.1126/science.adp3491
- Vegetation changes through stadial and interstadial stages of MIS 4 and MIS 3 based on a palynological analysis of the Girraween Lagoon sediments of Darwin, Australia C. Rowe et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112150
- A Systematic Role for Extreme Ocean‐Atmosphere Oscillations in the Development of Glacial Conditions Since the Mid Pleistocene Transition S. Barker & G. Knorr 10.1029/2023PA004690
- Multi‐Proxy Evidence for Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) Weakening During Deglaciations of the Past 150,000 Years M. Garity & D. Lund 10.1029/2023PA004629
- Ice-sheet expansion from the Ross Sea into McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, during the last two glaciations S. Heath et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107379
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 08 Jul 2025
Short summary
In this study, we measure atmospheric noble gases trapped in ice cores to reconstruct ocean temperature during the last glaciation. Comparing the new reconstruction to other climate records, we show that the ocean reached its coldest temperatures before ice sheets reached maximum volumes and atmospheric CO2 reached its lowest concentrations. Ocean cooling played a major role in lowering atmospheric CO2 early in the glaciation, but it only played a minor role later.
In this study, we measure atmospheric noble gases trapped in ice cores to reconstruct ocean...
