Articles | Volume 17, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1523-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1523-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
20 Jul 2021
Research article |
| 20 Jul 2021
| 20 Jul 2021
Northern Hemisphere atmospheric pattern enhancing Eastern Mediterranean Transient-type events during the past 1000 years
Aleix Cortina-Guerra
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental
Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific
Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
Juan José Gomez-Navarro
Department of Physics, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
Belen Martrat
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental
Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific
Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
Juan Pedro Montávez
Department of Physics, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
Alessandro Incarbona
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università di
Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Joan O. Grimalt
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental
Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific
Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
Marie-Alexandrine Sicre
Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Université Paris
06)-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, LOCEAN Laboratory, Paris, France
P. Graham Mortyn
Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Geography, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,
Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Related authors
No articles found.
Anna Bang Kvorning, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Gregor Luetzenburg, Sabine Schmidt, Thorbjørn Joest Andersen, Vincent Klein, Eleanor Georgiadis, Audrey Limoges, Jacques Giraudeau, Anders Anker Bjørk, Nicolaj Krog Larsen, and Sofia Ribeiro
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2641, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2641, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Climate of the Past (CP).
Short summary
Short summary
We compare two marine sediment cores collected from contrasting locations in Kane Basin, northwest Greenland. The two sites differ in terms of sedimentation rates, primary production, and organic matter composition and source. Despite these spatial differences, both records reveal a similar long-term trend, a shift from cold, heavy sea ice influenced conditions between ca. 1750–1900 CE, towards more open, fresher, and biologically productive waters beginning around 1950 CE.
Clara Jaén, Mireia Udina, Roy Harrison, Joan O. Grimalt, and Barend L. Van Drooge
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2419, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2419, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Distance changes air pollution in a city, but so does the time of the day and the year, due to varying emission sources and weather conditions. These changes were studied at ground level and 400 meters above the city, and showed that wood burning affected the air quality in winter, while products of atmospheric reaction processes dominated the air in summer. Traffic emissions arrive to the elevated site during the day, while they were trapped at lower level in the night.
Judit Torner, Isabel Cacho, Heather Stoll, Ana Moreno, Joan O. Grimalt, Francisco J. Sierro, Joan J. Fornós, Hai Cheng, and R. Lawrence Edwards
Clim. Past, 21, 465–487, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-465-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-465-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We offer a clearer view of the timing of three relevant past glacial terminations. By analyzing the climatic signal recorded in stalagmite and linking it with marine records, we revealed differences in the intensity and duration of the ice melting associated with these three key deglaciations. This study shows that some deglaciations began earlier than previously thought; this improves our understanding of natural climate processes, helping us to contextualize current climate change.
Bassem Jalali, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Jian Ren, Zhongqiao Li, Youcheng Bai, Liang Su, Vincent Klein, and Jianfang Chen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-325, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-325, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigates the spatiotemporal variations of terrestrial material from surface and core sediments from the Chukchi Sea using bulk parameters and biomarkers. We found a growing imprint of terrestrial material at higher latitudes resulting from the transport of eroded matter or remobilized from shelf sediments by sea ice. The 300 year TERR-alkanes and ACL27-31 composites from 5 cores evidence increasing export of terrestrial carbon since the early 20th century accelerating after 1980.
Nikita Kaushal, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Micah Wilhelm, Khalil Azennoud, Janica C. Bühler, Kerstin Braun, Yassine Ait Brahim, Andy Baker, Yuval Burstyn, Laia Comas-Bru, Jens Fohlmeister, Yonaton Goldsmith, Sandy P. Harrison, István G. Hatvani, Kira Rehfeld, Magdalena Ritzau, Vanessa Skiba, Heather M. Stoll, József G. Szűcs, Péter Tanos, Pauline C. Treble, Vitor Azevedo, Jonathan L. Baker, Andrea Borsato, Sakonvan Chawchai, Andrea Columbu, Laura Endres, Jun Hu, Zoltán Kern, Alena Kimbrough, Koray Koç, Monika Markowska, Belen Martrat, Syed Masood Ahmad, Carole Nehme, Valdir Felipe Novello, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Jiaoyang Ruan, Natasha Sekhon, Nitesh Sinha, Carol V. Tadros, Benjamin H. Tiger, Sophie Warken, Annabel Wolf, Haiwei Zhang, and SISAL Working Group members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1933–1963, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Speleothems are a popular, multi-proxy climate archive that provide regional to global insights into past hydroclimate trends with precise chronologies. We present an update to the SISAL (Speleothem Isotopes
Synthesis and AnaLysis) database, SISALv3, which, for the first time, contains speleothem trace element records, in addition to an update to the stable isotope records available in previous versions of the database, cumulatively providing data from 365 globally distributed sites.
Synthesis and AnaLysis) database, SISALv3, which, for the first time, contains speleothem trace element records, in addition to an update to the stable isotope records available in previous versions of the database, cumulatively providing data from 365 globally distributed sites.
Eloisa Raluy-López, Juan Pedro Montávez, and Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1469–1495, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1469-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1469-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) represent a significant source of water but are also related to extreme precipitation events. Here, we present a new regional-scale AR identification algorithm and apply it to three simulations that include aerosol interactions at different levels. The results show that aerosols modify the intensity and trajectory of ARs and redistribute the AR-related precipitation. Thus, the correct inclusion of aerosol effects is important in the simulation of AR behavior.
Youcheng Bai, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Jian Ren, Vincent Klein, Haiyan Jin, and Jianfang Chen
Biogeosciences, 21, 689–709, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-689-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-689-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Algal biomarkers were used to assess sea ice and pelagic algal production across the western Arctic Ocean with changing sea-ice conditions. They show three distinct areas along with a marked latitudinal gradient of sea ice over pelagic algal production in surface sediments that are reflected by the H-Print index. Our data also show that efficient grazing consumption accounted for the dramatic decrease of diatom-derived biomarkers in sediments compared to that of particulate matter.
Frida S. Hoem, Adrián López-Quirós, Suzanna van de Lagemaat, Johan Etourneau, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Carlota Escutia, Henk Brinkhuis, Francien Peterse, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Peter K. Bijl
Clim. Past, 19, 1931–1949, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1931-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1931-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present two new sea surface temperature (SST) records in comparison with available SST records to reconstruct South Atlantic paleoceanographic evolution. Our results show a low SST gradient in the Eocene–early Oligocene due to the persistent gyral circulation. A higher SST gradient in the Middle–Late Miocene infers a stronger circumpolar current. The southern South Atlantic was the coldest region in the Southern Ocean and likely the main deep-water formation location in the Middle Miocene.
Liang Su, Jian Ren, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Youcheng Bai, Ruoshi Zhao, Xibing Han, Zhongqiao Li, Haiyan Jin, Anatolii S. Astakhov, Xuefa Shi, and Jianfang Chen
Clim. Past, 19, 1305–1320, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1305-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1305-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed sea ice and organic carbon composition variabilities based on biomarkers and carbon stable isotopes in the northern Chukchi Sea, western Arctic Ocean, over the past 200 years. Under permanent ice cover, organic carbon was dominated by land sources transported by sea ice and ocean currents, while local primary productivity was suppressed by light limitation. Since ice retreated in 20th century, organic carbon from primary production gradually overtook the terrestrial component.
Amar Halifa-Marín, Miguel A. Torres-Vázquez, Enrique Pravia-Sarabia, Marc Lemus-Canovas, Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero, and Juan Pedro Montávez
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4251–4263, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4251-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4251-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Near-natural Iberian water resources have suddenly decreased since the 1980s. These declines have been promoted by the weakening (enhancement) of wintertime precipitation (the NAOi) in the most humid areas, whereas afforestation and drought intensification have played a crucial role in semi-arid areas. Future water management would benefit from greater knowledge of North Atlantic climate variability and reforestation/afforestation processes in semi-arid catchments.
Nick Thompson, Ulrich Salzmann, Adrián López-Quirós, Peter K. Bijl, Frida S. Hoem, Johan Etourneau, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Sabine Roignant, Emma Hocking, Michael Amoo, and Carlota Escutia
Clim. Past, 18, 209–232, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
New pollen and spore data from the Antarctic Peninsula region reveal temperate rainforests that changed and adapted in response to Eocene climatic cooling, roughly 35.5 Myr ago, and glacially related disturbance in the early Oligocene, approximately 33.5 Myr ago. The timing of these events indicates that the opening of ocean gateways alone did not trigger Antarctic glaciation, although ocean gateways may have played a role in climate cooling.
Enrique Pravia-Sarabia, Juan José Gómez-Navarro, Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero, and Juan Pedro Montávez
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13353–13368, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13353-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13353-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Given the hazardous nature of medicanes, studies focused on understanding and quantifying the processes governing their formation have become paramount for present and future disaster risk reduction. Therefore, enhancing the modeling and forecasting capabilities of such events is of crucial importance. In this sense, the authors find that the microphysical processes, and specifically the wind--sea salt aerosol feedback, play a key role in their development and thus should not be neglected.
Sonia Jerez, Laura Palacios-Peña, Claudia Gutiérrez, Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero, Jose María López-Romero, Enrique Pravia-Sarabia, and Juan Pedro Montávez
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1533–1551, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1533-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1533-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This research explores the role of aerosols when modeling surface solar radiation at regional scales (over Europe). A set of model experiments was performed with and without dynamical modeling of atmospheric aerosols and their direct and indirect effects on radiation. Results showed significant differences in the simulated solar radiation, mainly driven by the aerosol impact on cloudiness, which calls for caution when interpreting model experiments that do not include aerosols.
José María López-Romero, Juan Pedro Montávez, Sonia Jerez, Raquel Lorente-Plazas, Laura Palacios-Peña, and Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 415–430, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-415-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-415-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of aerosols on regional climate simulations presents large uncertainties due to their complex and non-linear interactions with a wide variety of factors, including aerosol–radiation and aerosol–cloud interactions. We show how these interactions are strongly conditioned by the meteorological situation and the type of aerosol. While natural aerosols tend to increase precipitation in some areas, anthropogenic aerosols decrease the number of rainy days in some pollutant regions.
Enrique Pravia-Sarabia, Juan José Gómez-Navarro, Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero, and Juan Pedro Montávez
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 6051–6075, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6051-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6051-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work shows TITAM, a time-independent tracking algorithm specifically suited for Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones, often referred to as medicanes. The methodology developed has the capacity to track multiple simultaneous cyclones, the ability to track a medicane in the presence of intense extratropical lows, and the potential to separate the medicane from other similar structures by handling the intermittent loss of structure and managing the tilting of the axis.
Laia Comas-Bru, Kira Rehfeld, Carla Roesch, Sahar Amirnezhad-Mozhdehi, Sandy P. Harrison, Kamolphat Atsawawaranunt, Syed Masood Ahmad, Yassine Ait Brahim, Andy Baker, Matthew Bosomworth, Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach, Yuval Burstyn, Andrea Columbu, Michael Deininger, Attila Demény, Bronwyn Dixon, Jens Fohlmeister, István Gábor Hatvani, Jun Hu, Nikita Kaushal, Zoltán Kern, Inga Labuhn, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Andrew Lorrey, Belen Martrat, Valdir Felipe Novello, Jessica Oster, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Denis Scholz, Nick Scroxton, Nitesh Sinha, Brittany Marie Ward, Sophie Warken, Haiwei Zhang, and SISAL Working Group members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2579–2606, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2579-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2579-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents an updated version of the SISAL (Speleothem Isotope Synthesis and Analysis) database. This new version contains isotopic data from 691 speleothem records from 294 cave sites and new age–depth models, including their uncertainties, for 512 speleothems.
Bronwen L. Konecky, Nicholas P. McKay, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Laia Comas-Bru, Emilie P. Dassié, Kristine L. DeLong, Georgina M. Falster, Matt J. Fischer, Matthew D. Jones, Lukas Jonkers, Darrell S. Kaufman, Guillaume Leduc, Shreyas R. Managave, Belen Martrat, Thomas Opel, Anais J. Orsi, Judson W. Partin, Hussein R. Sayani, Elizabeth K. Thomas, Diane M. Thompson, Jonathan J. Tyler, Nerilie J. Abram, Alyssa R. Atwood, Olivier Cartapanis, Jessica L. Conroy, Mark A. Curran, Sylvia G. Dee, Michael Deininger, Dmitry V. Divine, Zoltán Kern, Trevor J. Porter, Samantha L. Stevenson, Lucien von Gunten, and Iso2k Project Members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2261–2288, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020, 2020
Cited articles
Barnston, A. G. and Livezey, R. E.: Classification, seasonality and persistence
of low-frequency atmospheric circulation patterns, Mon. Weather Rev., 115,
1083–1126, 1987.
Baumgartner, T., Soutar, A., and Ferreira-Bartrina, V.: Reconstruction of the
history of pacific sardine and northern anchovy populations over the past
two millenia from sediments of the Santa Barbara Basin, California, Calif.
Coop. Ocean. Fish. Investig. Reports, 33, 24–40, 1992.
Béthoux, J. P.: Budgets of the Mediterranean Sea – their dependence on
the local climate and on the characteristics of the Atlantic waters,
Oceanol. Acta 2, 157–163, 1979.
Beuvier, J., Sevault, F., Herrmann, M., Kontoyiannis, H., Ludwig, W., Rixen, M., Stanev, E., Béranger, K., and Somot, S.: Modeling the Mediterranean Sea interannual variability during 1961–2000: Focus on the Eastern Mediterranean Transient, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C08017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005950, 2010.
Bryden, H. L. and Kinder, T. H.: Steady two-layer exchange through the
Strait of Gibraltar, Deep Sea Research Part A,
38, S445–S463, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0198-0149(12)80020-3, 1991.
Cortina, A. and Herguera, J. C.: Mid-to-Late Holocene organic carbon export
variability at the southern boundary of the California Current: An approach
based on diffuse spectral reflectance of marine sediment cores, Palaeogeogr.
Palaeocl., 408, 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.015, 2014.
Crowley, T. J.: Causes of climate change over the past 1000 years, Science,
289, 270–277, 2000.
Gasparini, G. P., Ortona, A., Budillon, G., Astraldi, M., and Sansone, E.: The
effect of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient on the hydrographic
characteristics in the Strait of Sicily and in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Deep-Sea
Res. Pt. I, 52, 915–935, 2005.
Gleissberg, W. and Schove, D. J.: The eighty-year sunspot cycle, British
Astronomical Association, 68, 148–152, 1958.
Gogou, A., Triantaphyllou, M., Xoplaki, E., Izdebski, A., Parinos, C.,
Dimiza, M., Bouloubassi, I., Luterbacher, J., Kouli, K., and Martrat, B.:
Climate variability and socio-environmental changes in the northern Aegean
(NE Mediterranean) during the last 1500 years, Quaternary Sci. Rev. 136,
209–228, 2016.
Gómez-Navarro, J. J., Montávez, J. P., Wagner, S., and Zorita, E.: A regional climate palaeosimulation for Europe in the period 1500–1990 – Part 1: Model validation, Clim. Past, 9, 1667–1682, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1667-2013, 2013.
Gómez-Navarro, J. J., Bothe, O., Wagner, S., Zorita, E., Werner, J. P., Luterbacher, J., Raible, C. C., and Montávez, J. P.: A regional climate palaeosimulation for Europe in the period 1500–1990 – Part 2: Shortcomings and strengths of models and reconstructions, Clim. Past, 11, 1077–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1077-2015, 2015.
Grauel, A.-L., Leider, A., Goudeau, M.-L. S., Müller, I. A., Bernasconi,
S. M., Hinrichs, K.-U., de Lange, G. J., Zonneveld, K. A. F., and Versteegh, G. J. M.:
What do SST proxies really tell us? A high-resolution multiproxy (
Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A., and Ryan, P. D.: PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis, Palaeontol. Electron., 4, 4, available at: http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm (last access: 19 July 2021), 2001.
Herrmann, M., Sevault, F., Beuvier, J., and Somot, S.: What induced the
exceptional 2005 convection event in the northwestern Mediterranean basin?
Answers from a modeling study, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean, 115, C12051, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006162, 2010.
Incarbona, A., Martrat, B., Mortyn, P. G., Sprovieri, M., Ziveri, P., Gogou,
A., Jordà, G., Xoplaki, E., Luterbacher, J., and Langone, L.: Mediterranean
circulation perturbations over the last five centuries: Relevance to past
Eastern Mediterranean Transient-type events, Sci. Rep. 6, 29623, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29623, 2016.
Jianping, L. and Wang, J. X.: A new North Atlantic Oscillation index and its
variability, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 20, 661–676, 2013.
Josey, S. A.: Changes in the heat and freshwater forcing of the eastern
Mediterranean and their influence on deep water formation, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 108, 3237, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC001778, 2003.
Josey, S. A., Kent, E. C., and Taylor, P. K.: New insights into the ocean heat
budget closure problem from analysis of the SOC air–sea flux climatology,
J. Climate, 12, 2856–2880, 1999.
Josey, S. A., Somot, S., and Tsimplis, M.: Impacts of atmospheric modes of
variability on Mediterranean Sea surface heat exchange, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 116, C02032, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006685, 2011.
Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., Artale, V., Borzelli-Eusebi, G. L., Brenner, S., Crise, A., Gacic, M., Kress, N., Marullo, S., Ribera d'Alcalà, M., Sofianos, S., Tanhua, T., Theocharis, A., Alvarez, M., Ashkenazy, Y., Bergamasco, A., Cardin, V., Carniel, S., Civitarese, G., D'Ortenzio, F., Font, J., Garcia-Ladona, E., Garcia-Lafuente, J. M., Gogou, A., Gregoire, M., Hainbucher, D., Kontoyannis, H., Kovacevic, V., Kraskapoulou, E., Kroskos, G., Incarbona, A., Mazzocchi, M. G., Orlic, M., Ozsoy, E., Pascual, A., Poulain, P.-M., Roether, W., Rubino, A., Schroeder, K., Siokou-Frangou, J., Souvermezoglou, E., Sprovieri, M., Tintoré, J., and Triantafyllou, G.: Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research, Ocean Sci., 10, 281–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014.
Millot, C.: Circulation in the Western Mediterranean Sea, J. Marine
Syst., 20, 423–442, 1999.
Moreno, A., Pérez, A., Frigola, J., Nieto-Moreno, V., Rodrigo-Gámiz,
M., Martrat, B., González-Sampériz, P., Morellón, M.,
Martín-Puertas, C., and Corella, J. P.: The Medieval Climate Anomaly in the
Iberian Peninsula reconstructed from marine and lake records, Quaternary Sci.
Rev., 43, 16–32, 2012.
Neftel, A., Oeschger, H., and Suess, H. E.: Secular non-random variations of
cosmogenic carbon-14 in the terrestrial atmosphere, Earth Planet. Sci.
Lett., 56, 127–147, 1981.
Nieto-Moreno, V., Martínez-Ruiz, F., Willmott, V.,
García-Orellana, J., Masqué, P., and Damsté, J. S. S.: Climate
conditions in the westernmost Mediterranean over the last two millennia: An
integrated biomarker approach, Org. Geochem., 55, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.11.001, 2013.
Patterson, R. T., Prokoph, A., and Chang, A.: Late Holocene sedimentary response
to solar and cosmic ray activity influenced climate variability in the NE
Pacific, Sediment. Geol., 172, 67–84, 2004.
Patterson, R. T., Prokoph, A., Kumar, A., Chang, A. S., and Roe, H. M.: Late
Holocene variability in pelagic fish scales and dinoflagellate cysts along
the west coast of Vancouver Island, NE Pacific Ocean, Mar. Micropaleontol.,
55, 183–204, 2005.
Roether, W., Manca, B. B., Klein, B., Bregant, D., Georgopoulos, D., Beitzel,
V., Kovačević, V., and Luchetta, A.: Recent changes in eastern
Mediterranean deep waters, Science, 80, 271, 333–335, 1996.
Rohling, E. J., Marino, G., Grant, K. M., Mayewski, P. A., and Weninger, B.:
A model for archaeologically relevant Holocene climate impacts in the
Aegean-Levantine region (easternmost Mediterranean), Quaternary Sci.
Rev., 208, 38–53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.02.009,
2019.
Sicre, M.-A., Jalali, B., Martrat, B., Schmidt, S., Bassetti, M.-A., and Kallel,
N.: Sea surface temperature variability in the North Western Mediterranean
Sea (Gulf of Lion) during the Common Era, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 456,
124–133, 2016.
Sonett, C. P.: Very long solar periods and the radiocarbon record, Rev.
Geophys. Sp. Phys., 22, 239–254, 1984.
Stuiver, M. and Braziunas, T. F.: Sun, ocean, climate and atmospheric 14CO2: An
evaluation of causal and spectral relationships, Holocene, 3, 289–305, 1993.
Sur, H. I., Ozsoy, E., and Unluata, U.: Simultaneous deep and intermediate depth
convection in the northern Levantine Sea, winter 1992, Oceanol. Acta, 16,
33–43, 1993.
Touratier, F. and Goyet, C.: Impact of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient on
the distribution of anthropogenic CO2 and first estimate of acidification
for the Mediterranean Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 58,
1–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2010.10.002, 2011.
Versteegh, G. J. M., De Leeuw, J. W., Taricco, C., and Romero, A.: Temperature and
productivity influences on
Wüst, G.: On the vertical circulation of the Mediterranean Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 3261–3271,
https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ066i010p03261, 1961.
Zorita, E., González-Rouco, F., and Legutke, S.: Testing the approach to
paleoclimate reconstructions in the context of a 1000-Yr control simulation
with the ECHO-G coupled climate model, J. Climate, 16, 1378–1390,
2003
Short summary
During late 20th century a singular Mediterranean circulation episode called the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) event occurred. It involved changes on the seawater physical and biogeochemical properties, which can impact areas broadly. Here, using paleosimulations for the last 1000 years we found that the East Atlantic/Western Russian atmospheric mode was the main driver of the EMT-type events in the past, and enhancement of this mode was coetaneous with low solar insolation.
During late 20th century a singular Mediterranean circulation episode called the Eastern...
