Articles | Volume 14, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-577-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-577-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Timescale dependence of the relationship between the East Asian summer monsoon strength and precipitation over eastern China in the last millennium
Jian Shi
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and
Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
Huijun Wang
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and
Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Hongna Xu, Tao Wang, and Huijun Wang
Clim. Past, 20, 107–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-107-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-107-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reanalysis data and simulations show, during the last millennium, that the evolution of precipitation in central Asia is out of phase (in phase) with that in the South Asian monsoon region and most of northern China (southern China) on a decadal scale. This linkage of precipitation changes in arid central Asia and humid monsoonal Asia is dominated by internal variability associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and causes a similar linkage of moisture changes in the two regions.
Zhicong Yin, Yu Wan, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11519–11530, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11519-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11519-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Severe ozone pollution frequently occurred in North China and obviously damages human health and ecosystems. The meteorological conditions effectively affect the variations in ozone pollution by modulating the natural emissions of O3 precursors and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. In this study, the interannual relationship between ozone-related meteorology and late-spring snow cover in West Siberia was explored, and the reasons of its decadal change were also physically explained.
Zhicong Yin, Yijia Zhang, Huijun Wang, and Yuyan Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1581–1592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1581-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1581-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
It is a must to disentangle the contributions of stable meteorology from the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown. A 59 % decline in PM2.5 related to the COVID-19 pandemic was found in North China. The COVID-19 quarantine measures decreased the PM2.5 in the Yangtze River Delta by 72 %. In Hubei Province where most pneumonia cases were confirmed, the impact of the total emission reduction (72 %) evidently exceeded the rising percentage of PM2.5 driven by meteorology (13 %).
Yijia Zhang, Zhicong Yin, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12211–12221, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12211-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12211-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Haze events in early winter in North China exhibited rapid growth after 2010, which was completely different from the slow decline observed before 2010. However, global warming and anthropogenic emissions could not explain this trend reversal well, which was puzzling. Our study found that four climate factors, exhibiting completely opposite trends before and after 2010, effectively drove the trend reversal of the haze pollution in North China.
Zhongshi Zhang, Qing Yan, Ran Zhang, Florence Colleoni, Gilles Ramstein, Gaowen Dai, Martin Jakobsson, Matt O'Regan, Stefan Liess, Denis-Didier Rousseau, Naiqing Wu, Elizabeth J. Farmer, Camille Contoux, Chuncheng Guo, Ning Tan, and Zhengtang Guo
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-38, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-38, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Whether an ice sheet once grew over Northeast Siberia-Beringia has been debated for decades. By comparing climate modelling with paleoclimate and glacial records from around the North Pacific, this study shows that the Laurentide-Eurasia-only ice sheet configuration fails in explaining these records, while a scenario involving the ice sheet over Northeast Siberia-Beringia succeeds. It highlights the complexity in glacial climates and urges new investigations across Northeast Siberia-Beringia.
Xu Yue, Hong Liao, Huijun Wang, Tianyi Zhang, Nadine Unger, Stephen Sitch, Zhaozhong Feng, and Jia Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2353–2366, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2353-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2353-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We explore ecosystem responses in China to 1.5 °C global warming under stabilized versus transient pathways. Remarkably, GPP shows 30 % higher enhancement in the stabilized than the transient pathway because of the lower ozone (smaller damages to photosynthesis) and fewer aerosols (higher light availability) in the former pathway. Our analyses suggest that an associated reduction of CO2 and pollution emissions brings more benefits to ecosystems in China via 1.5 °C global warming.
Zhicong Yin, Bufan Cao, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13933–13943, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13933-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13933-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone occurs both in the stratosphere and at ground level. Surface ozone is a man-made air pollutant and has harmful effects on people and the environment. Two dominant patterns of summer ozone pollution were determined. The most dominant pattern in 2017 and 2018 was different from that in previous years. The findings of this study help us to understand the features of surface ozone pollution in eastern China and their relationships with large-scale atmospheric circulations.
Xin Hao, Shengping He, Huijun Wang, and Tingting Han
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9903–9911, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9903-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9903-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) can be greatly influenced by many factors that can be classified as anthropogenic forcing and natural forcing. Our results show that the increasing anthropogenic emissions in the past decades may have contributed to the weakening of the EAWM, the frequency of occurrence of strong EAWM may have decreased by 45 % due to the anthropogenic forcing, and the anthropogenic forcing is a dominant contributor to the occurrence of a weak EAWM.
Wogu Zhong, Zhicong Yin, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5941–5957, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5941-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5941-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Haze pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region has become increasingly more severe and persistent in recent years.This research focused on severe haze during 2014–2016 and examined the impacts of the anticyclonic anomalies over northeastern Asia. The advance and retreat of anticyclonic anomalies over northeastern Asia (AANA) corresponded with the emergence and dissipation of severe haze, illustrating that AANA could be effective forecast indicators for air quality.
Zhicong Yin, Huijun Wang, Yuyan Li, Xiaohui Ma, and Xinyu Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3857–3871, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3857-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3857-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Summer surface ozone pollution has rapidly intensified recently, damaging human and ecosystem health. This study aims to examine the large-scale atmospheric circulations associated with the interannual variation in summer surface O3 pollution in North China based on long-term meteorological observations. The impacts of Arctic sea ice were also revealed. The outcomes may provide a basis for understanding the interannual variation of 03 pollution and its seasonal to interannual prediction.
Zhicong Yin, Yuyan Li, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1439–1453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1439-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1439-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, haze pollution in the North China has been serious and disastrous. The preceding heavy autumn sea ice intensified the early winter haze pollution over North China. The results provide possibilities for the seasonal to interannual prediction of haze pollution that helps to determine whether extra stringent emission control measures are needed to counteract the effect of climate variability.
Huopo Chen, Huijun Wang, Jianqi Sun, Yangyang Xu, and Zhicong Yin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 233–243, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-233-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-233-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Our results show that the anthropogenic air pollution over eastern China will increase considerably at the end of 21st century, even though we keep the aerosol emission constant throughout the experiment. Furthermore, estimation shows that the effect of climate change induced by the GHG warming can account for 11%–28% of the changes of anthropogenic air pollution days over this region.
Zhongshi Zhang, Qing Yan, Elizabeth J. Farmer, Camille Li, Gilles Ramstein, Terence Hughes, Martin Jakobsson, Matt O'Regan, Ran Zhang, Ning Tan, Camille Contoux, Christophe Dumas, and Chuncheng Guo
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-79, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-79, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Our study challenges the widely accepted idea that the Laurentide-Eurasian ice sheets gradually extended across North America and Northwest Eurasia, and suggests the growth of the NH ice sheets is much more complicated. We find climate feedbacks regulate the distribution of the NH ice sheets, producing swings between two distinct ice sheet configurations: the Laurentide-Eurasian and a circum-Arctic configuration, where large ice sheets existed over Northeast Siberia and the Canadian Rockies.
Zhicong Yin and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4753–4763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4753-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4753-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In China, the haze pollution in December has become increasingly serious over recent decades. The relationship between the snow cover and the December haze days was analyzed. This relationship significantly strengthened after the mid-1990s, which is attributed to the effective connections between the snow cover and the Eurasian atmospheric circulations.
Zhicong Yin, Huijun Wang, and Huopo Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1641–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1641-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1641-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The number of winter haze days over the north-central North China Plain in 2014 was largest in the past 30 years. With the anticyclone circulation over North China taken as an intermediate, the positive phases of the east Atlantic/west Russia, western Pacific, and Eurasian patterns led to a larger number of haze days in 2014. The related external forcing included preceding autumn Arctic sea ice, winter and pre-autumn surface temperature, and pre-autumn sea surface temperature in the Pacific.
Zhicong Yin and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14843–14852, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14843-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14843-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, the winter haze pollution over the north central North China Plain has become severe. By treating the year-to-year increment as the predictand, two new statistical schemes were established using the multiple linear regression and the generalized additive model approaches. After cross validation, both of these models could capture the interannual and interdecadal trends and the extremums successfully. Independent tests for 2014 and 2015 also confirmed the good predictive skill.
Hui-Jun Wang and Huo-Po Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4205–4211, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4205-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4205-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The variability of the autumn Arctic sea ice extent, local precipitation and surface wind during winter is most influential to the haze pollution change in eastern China. The joint effect of fast increase of total energy consumption, rapid decline of Arctic sea ice extent and reduced precipitation and surface winds intensified the haze pollution in central North China after 2000. There is similar conclusion for haze pollution in eastern South China after 2000.
A. M. Dolan, S. J. Hunter, D. J. Hill, A. M. Haywood, S. J. Koenig, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, A. Abe-Ouchi, F. Bragg, W.-L. Chan, M. A. Chandler, C. Contoux, A. Jost, Y. Kamae, G. Lohmann, D. J. Lunt, G. Ramstein, N. A. Rosenbloom, L. Sohl, C. Stepanek, H. Ueda, Q. Yan, and Z. Zhang
Clim. Past, 11, 403–424, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-403-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-403-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Climate and ice sheet models are often used to predict the nature of ice sheets in Earth history. It is important to understand whether such predictions are consistent among different models, especially in warm periods of relevance to the future. We use input from 15 different climate models to run one ice sheet model and compare the predictions over Greenland. We find that there are large differences between the predicted ice sheets for the warm Pliocene (c. 3 million years ago).
T. Wang, H. J. Wang, O. H. Otterå, Y. Q. Gao, L. L. Suo, T. Furevik, and L. Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12433–12450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12433-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12433-2013, 2013
R. Zhang, Q. Yan, Z. S. Zhang, D. Jiang, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, A. M. Haywood, D. J. Hill, A. M. Dolan, C. Stepanek, G. Lohmann, C. Contoux, F. Bragg, W.-L. Chan, M. A. Chandler, A. Jost, Y. Kamae, A. Abe-Ouchi, G. Ramstein, N. A. Rosenbloom, L. Sohl, and H. Ueda
Clim. Past, 9, 2085–2099, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2085-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2085-2013, 2013
A. M. Haywood, D. J. Hill, A. M. Dolan, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, F. Bragg, W.-L. Chan, M. A. Chandler, C. Contoux, H. J. Dowsett, A. Jost, Y. Kamae, G. Lohmann, D. J. Lunt, A. Abe-Ouchi, S. J. Pickering, G. Ramstein, N. A. Rosenbloom, U. Salzmann, L. Sohl, C. Stepanek, H. Ueda, Q. Yan, and Z. Zhang
Clim. Past, 9, 191–209, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-191-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-191-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Atmospheric Dynamics | Archive: Modelling only | Timescale: Centennial-Decadal
The Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation is responsible for the linkage of decadal changes in precipitation and moisture in arid central Asia and the humid Asian monsoon region during the last millennium
Extratropical cyclone statistics during the last millennium and the 21st century
The South American monsoon variability over the last millennium in climate models
Hongna Xu, Tao Wang, and Huijun Wang
Clim. Past, 20, 107–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-107-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-107-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reanalysis data and simulations show, during the last millennium, that the evolution of precipitation in central Asia is out of phase (in phase) with that in the South Asian monsoon region and most of northern China (southern China) on a decadal scale. This linkage of precipitation changes in arid central Asia and humid monsoonal Asia is dominated by internal variability associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and causes a similar linkage of moisture changes in the two regions.
Christoph C. Raible, Martina Messmer, Flavio Lehner, Thomas F. Stocker, and Richard Blender
Clim. Past, 14, 1499–1514, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1499-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1499-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Extratropical cyclones in winter and their characteristics are investigated in depth for the Atlantic European region from 850 to 2100 CE. During the Common Era, cyclone characteristics show pronounced variations mainly caused by internal variability of the coupled climate system. When anthropogenic forcing becomes dominant, a strong increase of extreme cyclone-related precipitation is found due to thermodynamics, though dynamical processes can play an important role during the last millennium.
Maisa Rojas, Paola A. Arias, Valentina Flores-Aqueveque, Anji Seth, and Mathias Vuille
Clim. Past, 12, 1681–1691, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1681-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1681-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Recent work shows that during the most prominent climate anomalies during the last millennium, the Medieval Climate Anomaly (ca. 950–1250) and the Little Ice Age (ca. 1450–1850), the South American monsoon system (SAMS) was drier and wetter, respectively. We investigate if this variability in the SAMS is reproduced in the latest set of climate simulations that cover these periods. Despite weak forcing, through analysis of the large-scale circulation we find this signal in the models.
Cited articles
Bothe, O., Jungclaus, J. H., and Zanchettin, D.: Consistency of the
multi-model CMIP5/PMIP3-past1000 ensemble, Clim. Past, 9, 2471–2487,
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2471-2013, 2013.
Brown, J. R., Hope, P., Gergis, J., and Henley, B. J.: ENSO teleconnections
with Australian rainfall in coupled model simulations of the last millennium,
Clim. Dynam., 47, 79–93, 2015.
Chen, J., Chen, F., Feng, S., Huang, W., Liu, J., and Zhou, A.: Hydroclimatic
changes in China and surroundings during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and
Little Ice Age: spatial patterns and possible mechanisms, Quaternary Sci.
Rev., 107, 98–111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.012, 2015.
Coats, S., Cook, B. I., Smerdon, J. E., and Seager, R.: North American
pancontinental droughts in model simulations of the last millennium, J.
Clim., 28, 2025–2043, 2015.
Cook, E. R., Krusic, P. J., Anchukaitis, K. J., Buckley, B. M., Nakatsuka,
T., and Sano, M.: Tree-ring reconstructed summer temperature anomalies for
temperate East Asia since 800 CE, Clim. Dynam., 41, 2957–2972, 2013.
Crowley, T. J. and Lowery, T. S.: How Warm Was the Medieval Warm Period?,
AMBIO, 29, 51–54, https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-29.1.51, 2000.
Crowley, T. J., Zielinski, G., Vinther, B., Udisti, R., Kreutz, K., Cole-Dai,
J., and Castellano, J.: Volcanism and the Little Ice Age, PAGES
News, 16, 22–23, 2008.
Delaygue, G. and Bard, E.: Solar forcing based on 10Be in Antarctica ice
over the past millennium and beyond, EGU General Assembly Conference
Abstracts, EGU2009-6943, 2009.
Ding, Y., Wang, Z., and Sun, Y.: Inter-decadal variation of the summer
precipitation in East China and its association with decreasing Asian summer
monsoon, Part I: Observed evidences, Int. J. Climatol., 28, 1139–1161, 2008.
Gao, C. C., Robock, A., and Ammann, C.: Volcanic forcing of climate over the
past 1500 years: an improved ice corebased index for climate models, J.
Geophys. Res., 113, D23111, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd010239, 2008.
Gupta, A. S., Jourdain, N. C., Brown, J. N., and Monselesan, D.: Climate
Drift in the CMIP5 Models, J. Clim., 26, 8597–8615,
https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00521.1, 2013.
Harris, I., Jones, P. D., Osborn, T. J., and Lister, D. H.: Updated
high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations – the CRU TS3.10
Dataset, Int. J. Climatol., 34, 623–642, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3711, 2014.
Hurrell, J. W., Holland, M. M., Gent, P. R., Ghan, S., Kay, J. E.,
Kushner, P. J., Lamarque, J. F., Large, W. G., Lawrence, D., and Lindsay, K.:
The community earth system model: a framework for collaborative research, B.
Am. Meteorol. Soc., 94, 1339–1360, 2013.
Jiang, D., Lang, X., Tian, Z., and Ju, L.: Mid-Holocene East Asian summer
monsoon strengthening: Insights from Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison
Project (PMIP) simulations, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 369, 422–429,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.11.007, 2013.
Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L.,
Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., and Woollen, J.: The NCEP/NCAR 40-year
reanalysis project, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437–471, 1996.
Lau, K., Yang, G., and Shen, S.: Seasonal and intraseasonal climatology of
summer monsoon rainfall over East Asia, Mon. Weather Rev., 116, 18–37,
1988.
Li, C. and Yanai, M.: The onset and interannual variability of the Asian
summer monsoon in relation to land–sea thermal contrast, J. Clim., 9,
358–375, 1996.
Li, H. C., Lee, Z. H., Wan, N. J., Shen, C. C., Li, T. Y., Yuan, D. X., and
Chen, Y. H.: The δ18O and δ13C records in an aragonite
stalagmite from Furong Cave, Chongqing, China: A-2000-year record of
monsoonal climate, J. Asian Earth Sci., 40, 1121–1130, 2011.
Li, J., Wu, Z., Jiang, Z., and He, J.: Can Global Warming Strengthen the East
Asian Summer Monsoon?, J. Clim., 23, 6696–6705, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3434.1,
2010.
Lin, R., Zhu, J., and Zheng, F.: Decadal shifts of East Asian summer monsoon
in a climate model free of explicit GHGs and aerosols, Sci. Rep., 6, 38546,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38546, 2016.
Liu, J., Wang, B., Wang, H., Kuang, X., and Ti, R.: Forced response of the
East Asian summer rainfall over the past millennium: results from a coupled
model simulation, Clim. Dynam., 36, 323–336, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0693-6,
2011a.
Liu, J., Chen, F., Chen, J., Xia, D., Xu, Q., Wang, Z., and Li, Y.: Humid
medieval warm period recorded by magnetic characteristics of sediments from
Gonghai Lake, Shanxi, North China, Chinese Sci. Bull., 56, 2464–2474, 2011b.
Lu, R., Dong, B., and Ding, H.: Impact of the Atlantic Multidecadal
Oscillation on the Asian summer monsoon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L24701,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027655, 2006.
Man, W., Zhou, T., and Jungclaus, J. H.: Simulation of the East Asian Summer
Monsoon during the Last Millennium with the MPI Earth System Model, J. Clim.,
25, 7852–7866, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00462.1, 2012.
Mann, M. E., Zhang, Z., Hughes, M. K., Bradley, R. S., Miller, S. K.,
Rutherford, S., and Ni, F.: Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and
global surface temperature variations over the past two millennia, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 13252–13257, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805721105, 2008.
Meng, H. W., Ma, Y. Z., Wang, W., and Sang, Y. L.: Vegetation and environment
change based on the high resolution pollen records of the last 2400 years in
Dingbian, Shaanxi Province, China, Quaternary Sci. , 29, 931–942, 2009 (in
Chinese).
Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Brady, E. C., Fasullo, J., Jahn, A., Landrum, L.,
Stevenson, S., Rosenbloom, N., Mai, A., and Strand, G.: Climate variability
and change since 850 CE: An ensemble approach with the community earth
system model, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 97, 735–754, 2016.
Paulsen, D. E., Li, H. C., and Ku, T. L.: Climate variability in
central China over the last 1270 years revealed by high-resolution stalagmite
records, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 22, 691–701,
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-3791(02)00240-8, 2003.
Peng, Y., Shen, C., Cheng, H., and Xu, Y.: Modeling of severe persistent
droughts over eastern China during the last millennium, Clim. Past, 10,
1079–1091, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1079-2014, 2014.
Ren, Y., Zhou, B., Song, L., and Xiao, Y.: Interannual variability of
western North Pacific subtropical high, East Asian jet and East Asian summer
precipitation: CMIP5 simulation and projection, Quatern. Int., 440, 64–70,
2017.
Shi, Z., Xu, T., and Wang, H.: Sensitivity of Asian climate change to
radiative forcing during the last millennium in a multi-model analysis, Glob.
Planet Change, 139, 195–210, 2016a.
Shi, J., Yan, Q., Jiang, D., Min, J., and Jiang, Y.: Precipitation variation
over eastern China and arid central Asia during the past millennium and its
possible mechanism: Perspectives from PMIP3 experiments, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 121, 11989–12004, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025126, 2016b.
Shi, N. and Zhu, Q.: An abrupt change in the intensity of the East Asian
summer monsoon index and its relationship with temperature and precipitation
over East China, Int. J. Climatol., 16, 757–764, 1996.
Steinhilber, F., Beer, J., and Fröhlich, C.: Total solar irradiance
during the Holocene, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L19704,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl040142, 2009.
Tan, L., Cai, Y., Cheng, H., An, Z., and Edwards, R. L.: Summer monsoon
precipitation variations in central China over the past 750 years derived
from a high-resolution absolute-dated stalagmite, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl.,
280, 432–439, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.06.030, 2009.
Tan, L., Cai, Y., An, Z., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Shen, C. C., and Zhang,
H.: Centennial- to decadal-scale monsoon precipitation variability in the
semi-humid region, northern China during the last 1860 years: Records from
stalagmites in Huangye Cave, Holocene, 21, 287–296, 2011
Tan, M.: Climatic differences and similarities between Indian and East Asian
Monsoon regions of China over the last millennium: a perspective based
mainly on stalagmite records, Int. J. Speleol., 36, 75–81, 2007.
Tao, S. Y. and Chen, L. X.: A review of recent research on the East Asian
summer monsoon in China. Monsoon Meteorology, Oxford University Press, UK,
60–92, 1987.
Taylor, K. E.: Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single
diagram, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 7183–7192, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd900719,
2001.
Vieira, L. E. A., Solanki, S. K., Krivova, N. A., and Usoskin, I.: Evolution
of the solar irradiance during the Holocene, Astron. Astrophys., 531, A6,
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201015843, 2011.
Wan, N. J., Li, H. C., Liu, Z. Q., Yang, H. Y., Yuan, D. X., and Chen, Y. H.:
Spatial variations of monsoonal rain in eastern China: Instrumental, historic
and speleothem records, J. Asian Earth Sci., 40, 1139–1150,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.10.003, 2011.
Wang, B. and Ding, Q.: Global monsoon: Dominant mode of annual variation in
the tropics, Dynam. Atmos. Oceans, 44, 165–183,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2007.05.002, 2008.
Wang, J., Yang, B., Ljungqvist, F. C., and Zhao, Y.: The relationship between
the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and temperature variability in China
during the last millennium, J. Quaternary Sci., 28, 653–658, 2013.
Wang, J., Yang, B., Ljungqvist, F. C., Luterbacher, J., Osborn, T. J.,
Briffa, K. R., and Zorita, E.: Internal and external forcing of multidecadal
Atlantic climate variability over the past 1,200 years, Nat. Geosci., 10,
512–517, 2017.
Wang, S., Zhao, Z., Chen, Z., and Tang, Z.: Drought/flood variations for the
last two thousand years in China and comparison with global climatic change,
in: The climate of China and global climate, China Ocean Press, Springer
Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 20–29, 1987.
Wang, Y. M., Lean, J., and Sheeley Jr, N.: Modeling the Sun's magnetic field
and irradiance since 1713, Astrophys. J., 625, 522–538, 2005.
Xin, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, J., Wu, T., and Fang, Y.: Climate change
projections over East Asia with BCC_CSM1. 1 climate model under RCP
scenarios, J. Meteorol. Soc. JPN., 91, 413–429, 2013.
Yang, K. and Jiang, D.: Interannual climate variability change during the
Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age in PMIP3 last millennium
simulations, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 34, 497–508, 2017.
Yang, Q., Ma, Z., Fan, X., Yang, Z. L., Xu, Z., and Wu, P.: Decadal
modulation of precipitation patterns over eastern China by sea surface
temperature anomalies, J. Clim., 30, 7017–7033, 2017.
Yu, L., Furevik, T., Otterå, O. H., and Gao, Y.: Modulation of the
Pacific Decadal Oscillation on the summer precipitation over East China: a
comparison of observations to 600-years control run of Bergen Climate Model,
Clim. Dynam., 44, 475–494, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2141-5, 2014.
Zhang, D., Li, H. C., Ku, T. L., and Lu, L.: On linking climate to Chinese
dynastic change: Spatial and temporal variations of monsoonal rain, Chinese
Sci. Bull., 55, 77–83, 2010.
Zhang, P., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Chen, F., Wang, Y., Yang, X., Liu, J.,
Tan, M., Wang, X., Liu, J., An, C., Dai, Z., Zhou, J., Zhang, D., Jia, J.,
Jin, L., and Johnson, K. R.: A test of climate, sun, and culture
relationships from an 1810-year Chinese cave record, Science, 322, 940–942,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1163965, 2008.
Zhao, K., Wang, Y., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Liu, D., and Kong, X.: A
high-resolved record of the Asian Summer Monsoon from Dongge Cave, China for
the past 1200 years, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 122, 250–257,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.05.030, 2015.
Zheng, J. Y., Wang, W. C., Ge, Q. S., Man, Z. M., and Zhang, P. Y.:
Precipitation variability and extreme events in eastern China during the
past 1500 years, Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 17, 579–592, 2006.
Zhou, T. J.: Atmospheric water vapor transport associated with typical
anomalous summer rainfall patterns in China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110,
D08104, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jd005413, 2005.
Zhu, J. and Wang, S.: 80 yr oscillation of summer rainfall over North China
and East Asian Summer Monsoon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1672,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013997, 2002.
Short summary
The paleo-East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is widely reconstructed by precipitation/humidity proxies over East Asia. However, based on numerical simulations over the last millennium, we find that the multi-decadal relationship between the EASM and precipitation over eastern China is non-stationary, which may be attributed to the internal variability of the climate system rather than the external forcings. In contrast, the centennial EASM–precipitation relationship is much more close and stable.
The paleo-East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is widely reconstructed by precipitation/humidity...