Articles | Volume 13, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1695-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1695-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
29 Nov 2017
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 29 Nov 2017
Simulation of climate, ice sheets and CO2 evolution during the last four glacial cycles with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity
Andrey Ganopolski
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, Germany
Victor Brovkin
Max Plank Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
also a guest scientist at: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, Germany
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Cited
81 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Interglacials of the Quaternary defined by northern hemispheric land ice distribution outside of Greenland P. Köhler & R. van de Wal 10.1038/s41467-020-18897-5
- Mid-Pleistocene transition in glacial cycles explained by declining CO 2 and regolith removal M. Willeit et al. 10.1126/sciadv.aav7337
- The Earth system model CLIMBER-X v1.0 – Part 2: The global carbon cycle M. Willeit et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-3501-2023
- CO2 drawdown due to particle ballasting by glacial aeolian dust: an estimate based on the ocean carbon cycle model MPIOM/HAMOCC version 1.6.2p3 M. Heinemann et al. 10.5194/gmd-12-1869-2019
- Mysteriously high Δ14C of the glacial atmosphere: influence of 14C production and carbon cycle changes A. Dinauer et al. 10.5194/cp-16-1159-2020
- Simulating Marine Isotope Stage 7 with a coupled climate–ice sheet model D. Choudhury et al. 10.5194/cp-16-2183-2020
- Assessing ExxonMobil’s global warming projections G. Supran et al. 10.1126/science.abk0063
- Assessing future ice-sheet variability for long-term safety of deep geological repositories J. Liakka et al. 10.5194/adgeo-65-71-2024
- Hierarchy of the Models of the Earth Climate System A. Eliseev 10.1007/s11141-025-10391-6
- The ultimate cost of carbon D. Archer et al. 10.1007/s10584-020-02785-4
- Evaluating the biological pump efficiency of the Last Glacial Maximum ocean using δ13C A. Morée et al. 10.5194/cp-17-753-2021
- Astronomical forcing shaped the timing of early Pleistocene glacial cycles Y. Watanabe et al. 10.1038/s43247-023-00765-x
- Contour marks as potential indicators of evaporation rates in the early Permian continental vertebrate site Bromacker (Thuringia, Central Germany) A. Pint et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111749
- Sensitivity of Lightning Flash Frequency to Climate Changes in the Earth System Model of Low Spatial Resolution R. Mikhailov et al. 10.1134/S0001433824700567
- Back to the Future: Using Long-Term Observational and Paleo-Proxy Reconstructions to Improve Model Projections of Antarctic Climate T. Bracegirdle et al. 10.3390/geosciences9060255
- Investigating similarities and differences of the penultimate and last glacial terminations with a coupled ice sheet–climate model A. Quiquet & D. Roche 10.5194/cp-20-1365-2024
- Multicentennial-scale coupling of the East Asian monsoon to North Atlantic climates during the Last Glacial Maximum Y. Cui et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112445
- Glacial carbon cycle changes by Southern Ocean processes with sedimentary amplification H. Kobayashi et al. 10.1126/sciadv.abg7723
- Modelling the Antarctic Ice Sheet across the mid-Pleistocene transition – implications for Oldest Ice J. Sutter et al. 10.5194/tc-13-2023-2019
- Deglacial Ice Sheet Instabilities Induced by Proglacial Lakes A. Quiquet et al. 10.1029/2020GL092141
- Chaotic and non-chaotic response to quasiperiodic forcing: limits to predictability of ice ages paced by Milankovitch forcing P. Ashwin et al. 10.1093/climsys/dzy002
- Climate and ice sheet evolutions from the last glacial maximum to the pre-industrial period with an ice-sheet–climate coupled model A. Quiquet et al. 10.5194/cp-17-2179-2021
- Seasonal sea ice persisted through the Holocene Thermal Maximum at 80°N A. Pieńkowski et al. 10.1038/s43247-021-00191-x
- Local oceanic CO2 outgassing triggered by terrestrial carbon fluxes during deglacial flooding T. Extier et al. 10.5194/cp-18-273-2022
- Last glacial inception trajectories for the Northern Hemisphere from coupled ice and climate modelling T. Bahadory et al. 10.5194/cp-17-397-2021
- The Earth system model CLIMBER-X v1.0 – Part 1: Climate model description and validation M. Willeit et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-5905-2022
- Sediment fluxes dominate glacial–interglacial changes in ocean carbon inventory: results from factorial simulations over the past 780 000 years M. Adloff et al. 10.5194/cp-21-571-2025
- A reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to estimate paleo surface CO2 fluxes linking temperature to atmospheric CO2 concentration time series L. Castrogiovanni et al. 10.1016/j.cageo.2024.105838
- Variable C∕P composition of organic production and its effect on ocean carbon storage in glacial-like model simulations M. Ödalen et al. 10.5194/bg-17-2219-2020
- Snapshots of mean ocean temperature over the last 700 000 years using noble gases in the EPICA Dome C ice core M. Haeberli et al. 10.5194/cp-17-843-2021
- Modeling the evolution of pulse-like perturbations in atmospheric carbon and carbon isotopes: the role of weathering–sedimentation imbalances A. Jeltsch-Thömmes & F. Joos 10.5194/cp-16-423-2020
- Late Pleistocene Carbon Cycle Revisited by Considering Solid Earth Processes P. Köhler & G. Munhoven 10.1029/2020PA004020
- Mechanisms of millennial-scale atmospheric CO2 change in numerical model simulations J. Gottschalk et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.05.013
- Early Interglacial Legacy of Deglacial Climate Instability S. Barker et al. 10.1029/2019PA003661
- PARASO, a circum-Antarctic fully coupled ice-sheet–ocean–sea-ice–atmosphere–land model involving f.ETISh1.7, NEMO3.6, LIM3.6, COSMO5.0 and CLM4.5 C. Pelletier et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-553-2022
- Antarctic and global climate history viewed from ice cores E. Brook & C. Buizert 10.1038/s41586-018-0172-5
- Response of North American ice sheets to the Younger Dryas cold reversal (12.9 to 11.7 ka) A. Dalton et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104845
- Sensitivity of simulations of Plio–Pleistocene climate with the CLIMBER-2 Earth System Model to details of the global carbon cycle J. Carrillo et al. 10.1073/pnas.2427236122
- Sequential changes in ocean circulation and biological export productivity during the last glacial–interglacial cycle: a model–data study C. O'Neill et al. 10.5194/cp-17-171-2021
- Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic E. Schuur et al. 10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847
- Marine Isotope Stage 11c: An unusual interglacial P. Tzedakis et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107493
- The role of ice-sheet topography in the Alpine hydro-climate at glacial times P. Velasquez et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1579-2022
- An oversimplified picture of the climate behavior based on a single process can lead to distorted conclusions R. Lindzen 10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00471-z
- ChAP 1.0: a stationary tropospheric sulfur cycle for Earth system models of intermediate complexity A. Eliseev et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-7725-2021
- Path-dependence of the Plio–Pleistocene glacial/interglacial cycles J. Carrillo et al. 10.1073/pnas.2322926121
- Timing and magnitude of Southern Ocean sea ice/carbon cycle feedbacks K. Stein et al. 10.1073/pnas.1908670117
- Anti‐Phased Miocene Ice Volume and CO2 Changes by Transient Antarctic Ice Sheet Variability L. Stap et al. 10.1029/2020PA003971
- Reduced-complexity model for the impact of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on future glacial cycles S. Talento & A. Ganopolski 10.5194/esd-12-1275-2021
- Toward generalized Milankovitch theory (GMT) A. Ganopolski 10.5194/cp-20-151-2024
- On the Cause of the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition C. Berends et al. 10.1029/2020RG000727
- Coupling of a sediment diagenesis model (MEDUSA) and an Earth system model (CESM1.2): a contribution toward enhanced marine biogeochemical modelling and long-term climate simulations T. Kurahashi-Nakamura et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-825-2020
- Miocene Antarctic Ice Sheet area adapts significantly faster than volume to CO2-induced climate change L. Stap et al. 10.5194/cp-20-257-2024
- Assessing transient changes in the ocean carbon cycle during the last deglaciation through carbon isotope modeling H. Kobayashi et al. 10.5194/cp-20-769-2024
- New estimation of critical insolation–CO2 relationship for triggering glacial inception S. Talento et al. 10.5194/cp-20-1349-2024
- The Effect of Obliquity‐Driven Changes on Paleoclimate Sensitivity During the Late Pleistocene P. Köhler et al. 10.1029/2018GL077717
- Orbital insolation variations, intrinsic climate variability, and Quaternary glaciations K. Riechers et al. 10.5194/cp-18-863-2022
- Atmospheric Δ14C in the northern and southern hemispheres over the past two millennia: Role of production rate, southern hemisphere westerly winds and ocean circulation changes H. Goosse et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108502
- Low terrestrial carbon storage at the Last Glacial Maximum: constraints from multi-proxy data A. Jeltsch-Thömmes et al. 10.5194/cp-15-849-2019
- Proxy‐Based Preformed Phosphate Estimates Point to Increased Biological Pump Efficiency as Primary Cause of Last Glacial Maximum CO2 Drawdown T. Vollmer et al. 10.1029/2021PA004339
- The Hadley circulation in a changing climate P. Lionello et al. 10.1111/nyas.15114
- No detectable influence of the carbonate ion effect on changes in stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of shallow dwelling planktic foraminifera over the past 160 kyr P. Köhler & S. Mulitza 10.5194/cp-20-991-2024
- Radiocarbon as a Dating Tool and Tracer in Paleoceanography L. Skinner & E. Bard 10.1029/2020RG000720
- Carbon Cycle Responses to Changes in Weathering and the Long‐Term Fate of Stable Carbon Isotopes A. Jeltsch‐Thömmes & F. Joos 10.1029/2022PA004577
- Contrasting the Penultimate Glacial Maximum and the Last Glacial Maximum (140 and 21 ka) using coupled climate–ice sheet modelling V. Patterson et al. 10.5194/cp-20-2191-2024
- GREB-ISM v1.0: A coupled ice sheet model for the Globally Resolved Energy Balance model for global simulations on timescales of 100 kyr Z. Xie et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-3691-2022
- Effects of orbital forcing, greenhouse gases and ice sheets on Saharan greening in past and future multi-millennia M. Duque-Villegas et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1897-2022
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- Glacial state of the global carbon cycle: time-slice simulations for the last glacial maximum with an Earth-system model T. Kurahashi-Nakamura et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1997-2022
- Rapid Laurentide Ice Sheet growth preceding the Last Glacial Maximum due to summer snowfall L. Niu et al. 10.1038/s41561-024-01419-z
- Widespread global peatland establishment and persistence over the last 130,000 y C. Treat et al. 10.1073/pnas.1813305116
- The 100 000-Year Periodicity in Glacial Cycles and Oscillations of World Ocean Level V. Bezverkhnii 10.1134/S0001433819040030
- Nonlinear climate dynamics: From deterministic behaviour to stochastic excitability and chaos D. Alexandrov et al. 10.1016/j.physrep.2020.11.002
- Machine learning approach reveals strong link between obliquity amplitude increase and the Mid-Brunhes transition T. Mitsui & N. Boers 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107344
- Glacial inception through rapid ice area increase driven by albedo and vegetation feedbacks M. Willeit et al. 10.5194/cp-20-597-2024
- Synchronization phenomena observed in glacial–interglacial cycles simulated in an Earth system model of intermediate complexity T. Mitsui et al. 10.5194/esd-14-1277-2023
- Rejuvenating the ocean: mean ocean radiocarbon, CO2 release, and radiocarbon budget closure across the last deglaciation L. Skinner et al. 10.5194/cp-19-2177-2023
- Impact of terrestrial biosphere on the atmospheric CO2 concentration across Termination V G. Hes et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1429-2022
- Deglaciation and abrupt events in a coupled comprehensive atmosphere–ocean–ice-sheet–solid-earth model U. Mikolajewicz et al. 10.5194/cp-21-719-2025
- Insolation evolution and ice volume legacies determine interglacial and glacial intensity T. Mitsui et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1983-2022
- A Theory of Orbital-Forced Glacial Cycles: Resolving Pleistocene Puzzles H. Ou 10.3390/jmse11030564
- Subsea permafrost organic carbon stocks are large and of dominantly low reactivity F. Miesner et al. 10.1038/s41598-023-36471-z
81 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Interglacials of the Quaternary defined by northern hemispheric land ice distribution outside of Greenland P. Köhler & R. van de Wal 10.1038/s41467-020-18897-5
- Mid-Pleistocene transition in glacial cycles explained by declining CO 2 and regolith removal M. Willeit et al. 10.1126/sciadv.aav7337
- The Earth system model CLIMBER-X v1.0 – Part 2: The global carbon cycle M. Willeit et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-3501-2023
- CO2 drawdown due to particle ballasting by glacial aeolian dust: an estimate based on the ocean carbon cycle model MPIOM/HAMOCC version 1.6.2p3 M. Heinemann et al. 10.5194/gmd-12-1869-2019
- Mysteriously high Δ14C of the glacial atmosphere: influence of 14C production and carbon cycle changes A. Dinauer et al. 10.5194/cp-16-1159-2020
- Simulating Marine Isotope Stage 7 with a coupled climate–ice sheet model D. Choudhury et al. 10.5194/cp-16-2183-2020
- Assessing ExxonMobil’s global warming projections G. Supran et al. 10.1126/science.abk0063
- Assessing future ice-sheet variability for long-term safety of deep geological repositories J. Liakka et al. 10.5194/adgeo-65-71-2024
- Hierarchy of the Models of the Earth Climate System A. Eliseev 10.1007/s11141-025-10391-6
- The ultimate cost of carbon D. Archer et al. 10.1007/s10584-020-02785-4
- Evaluating the biological pump efficiency of the Last Glacial Maximum ocean using δ13C A. Morée et al. 10.5194/cp-17-753-2021
- Astronomical forcing shaped the timing of early Pleistocene glacial cycles Y. Watanabe et al. 10.1038/s43247-023-00765-x
- Contour marks as potential indicators of evaporation rates in the early Permian continental vertebrate site Bromacker (Thuringia, Central Germany) A. Pint et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111749
- Sensitivity of Lightning Flash Frequency to Climate Changes in the Earth System Model of Low Spatial Resolution R. Mikhailov et al. 10.1134/S0001433824700567
- Back to the Future: Using Long-Term Observational and Paleo-Proxy Reconstructions to Improve Model Projections of Antarctic Climate T. Bracegirdle et al. 10.3390/geosciences9060255
- Investigating similarities and differences of the penultimate and last glacial terminations with a coupled ice sheet–climate model A. Quiquet & D. Roche 10.5194/cp-20-1365-2024
- Multicentennial-scale coupling of the East Asian monsoon to North Atlantic climates during the Last Glacial Maximum Y. Cui et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112445
- Glacial carbon cycle changes by Southern Ocean processes with sedimentary amplification H. Kobayashi et al. 10.1126/sciadv.abg7723
- Modelling the Antarctic Ice Sheet across the mid-Pleistocene transition – implications for Oldest Ice J. Sutter et al. 10.5194/tc-13-2023-2019
- Deglacial Ice Sheet Instabilities Induced by Proglacial Lakes A. Quiquet et al. 10.1029/2020GL092141
- Chaotic and non-chaotic response to quasiperiodic forcing: limits to predictability of ice ages paced by Milankovitch forcing P. Ashwin et al. 10.1093/climsys/dzy002
- Climate and ice sheet evolutions from the last glacial maximum to the pre-industrial period with an ice-sheet–climate coupled model A. Quiquet et al. 10.5194/cp-17-2179-2021
- Seasonal sea ice persisted through the Holocene Thermal Maximum at 80°N A. Pieńkowski et al. 10.1038/s43247-021-00191-x
- Local oceanic CO2 outgassing triggered by terrestrial carbon fluxes during deglacial flooding T. Extier et al. 10.5194/cp-18-273-2022
- Last glacial inception trajectories for the Northern Hemisphere from coupled ice and climate modelling T. Bahadory et al. 10.5194/cp-17-397-2021
- The Earth system model CLIMBER-X v1.0 – Part 1: Climate model description and validation M. Willeit et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-5905-2022
- Sediment fluxes dominate glacial–interglacial changes in ocean carbon inventory: results from factorial simulations over the past 780 000 years M. Adloff et al. 10.5194/cp-21-571-2025
- A reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to estimate paleo surface CO2 fluxes linking temperature to atmospheric CO2 concentration time series L. Castrogiovanni et al. 10.1016/j.cageo.2024.105838
- Variable C∕P composition of organic production and its effect on ocean carbon storage in glacial-like model simulations M. Ödalen et al. 10.5194/bg-17-2219-2020
- Snapshots of mean ocean temperature over the last 700 000 years using noble gases in the EPICA Dome C ice core M. Haeberli et al. 10.5194/cp-17-843-2021
- Modeling the evolution of pulse-like perturbations in atmospheric carbon and carbon isotopes: the role of weathering–sedimentation imbalances A. Jeltsch-Thömmes & F. Joos 10.5194/cp-16-423-2020
- Late Pleistocene Carbon Cycle Revisited by Considering Solid Earth Processes P. Köhler & G. Munhoven 10.1029/2020PA004020
- Mechanisms of millennial-scale atmospheric CO2 change in numerical model simulations J. Gottschalk et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.05.013
- Early Interglacial Legacy of Deglacial Climate Instability S. Barker et al. 10.1029/2019PA003661
- PARASO, a circum-Antarctic fully coupled ice-sheet–ocean–sea-ice–atmosphere–land model involving f.ETISh1.7, NEMO3.6, LIM3.6, COSMO5.0 and CLM4.5 C. Pelletier et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-553-2022
- Antarctic and global climate history viewed from ice cores E. Brook & C. Buizert 10.1038/s41586-018-0172-5
- Response of North American ice sheets to the Younger Dryas cold reversal (12.9 to 11.7 ka) A. Dalton et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104845
- Sensitivity of simulations of Plio–Pleistocene climate with the CLIMBER-2 Earth System Model to details of the global carbon cycle J. Carrillo et al. 10.1073/pnas.2427236122
- Sequential changes in ocean circulation and biological export productivity during the last glacial–interglacial cycle: a model–data study C. O'Neill et al. 10.5194/cp-17-171-2021
- Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic E. Schuur et al. 10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847
- Marine Isotope Stage 11c: An unusual interglacial P. Tzedakis et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107493
- The role of ice-sheet topography in the Alpine hydro-climate at glacial times P. Velasquez et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1579-2022
- An oversimplified picture of the climate behavior based on a single process can lead to distorted conclusions R. Lindzen 10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00471-z
- ChAP 1.0: a stationary tropospheric sulfur cycle for Earth system models of intermediate complexity A. Eliseev et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-7725-2021
- Path-dependence of the Plio–Pleistocene glacial/interglacial cycles J. Carrillo et al. 10.1073/pnas.2322926121
- Timing and magnitude of Southern Ocean sea ice/carbon cycle feedbacks K. Stein et al. 10.1073/pnas.1908670117
- Anti‐Phased Miocene Ice Volume and CO2 Changes by Transient Antarctic Ice Sheet Variability L. Stap et al. 10.1029/2020PA003971
- Reduced-complexity model for the impact of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on future glacial cycles S. Talento & A. Ganopolski 10.5194/esd-12-1275-2021
- Toward generalized Milankovitch theory (GMT) A. Ganopolski 10.5194/cp-20-151-2024
- On the Cause of the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition C. Berends et al. 10.1029/2020RG000727
- Coupling of a sediment diagenesis model (MEDUSA) and an Earth system model (CESM1.2): a contribution toward enhanced marine biogeochemical modelling and long-term climate simulations T. Kurahashi-Nakamura et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-825-2020
- Miocene Antarctic Ice Sheet area adapts significantly faster than volume to CO2-induced climate change L. Stap et al. 10.5194/cp-20-257-2024
- Assessing transient changes in the ocean carbon cycle during the last deglaciation through carbon isotope modeling H. Kobayashi et al. 10.5194/cp-20-769-2024
- New estimation of critical insolation–CO2 relationship for triggering glacial inception S. Talento et al. 10.5194/cp-20-1349-2024
- The Effect of Obliquity‐Driven Changes on Paleoclimate Sensitivity During the Late Pleistocene P. Köhler et al. 10.1029/2018GL077717
- Orbital insolation variations, intrinsic climate variability, and Quaternary glaciations K. Riechers et al. 10.5194/cp-18-863-2022
- Atmospheric Δ14C in the northern and southern hemispheres over the past two millennia: Role of production rate, southern hemisphere westerly winds and ocean circulation changes H. Goosse et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108502
- Low terrestrial carbon storage at the Last Glacial Maximum: constraints from multi-proxy data A. Jeltsch-Thömmes et al. 10.5194/cp-15-849-2019
- Proxy‐Based Preformed Phosphate Estimates Point to Increased Biological Pump Efficiency as Primary Cause of Last Glacial Maximum CO2 Drawdown T. Vollmer et al. 10.1029/2021PA004339
- The Hadley circulation in a changing climate P. Lionello et al. 10.1111/nyas.15114
- No detectable influence of the carbonate ion effect on changes in stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of shallow dwelling planktic foraminifera over the past 160 kyr P. Köhler & S. Mulitza 10.5194/cp-20-991-2024
- Radiocarbon as a Dating Tool and Tracer in Paleoceanography L. Skinner & E. Bard 10.1029/2020RG000720
- Carbon Cycle Responses to Changes in Weathering and the Long‐Term Fate of Stable Carbon Isotopes A. Jeltsch‐Thömmes & F. Joos 10.1029/2022PA004577
- Contrasting the Penultimate Glacial Maximum and the Last Glacial Maximum (140 and 21 ka) using coupled climate–ice sheet modelling V. Patterson et al. 10.5194/cp-20-2191-2024
- GREB-ISM v1.0: A coupled ice sheet model for the Globally Resolved Energy Balance model for global simulations on timescales of 100 kyr Z. Xie et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-3691-2022
- Effects of orbital forcing, greenhouse gases and ice sheets on Saharan greening in past and future multi-millennia M. Duque-Villegas et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1897-2022
- Seasonal temperatures in West Antarctica during the Holocene T. Jones et al. 10.1038/s41586-022-05411-8
- Glacial state of the global carbon cycle: time-slice simulations for the last glacial maximum with an Earth-system model T. Kurahashi-Nakamura et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1997-2022
- Rapid Laurentide Ice Sheet growth preceding the Last Glacial Maximum due to summer snowfall L. Niu et al. 10.1038/s41561-024-01419-z
- Widespread global peatland establishment and persistence over the last 130,000 y C. Treat et al. 10.1073/pnas.1813305116
- The 100 000-Year Periodicity in Glacial Cycles and Oscillations of World Ocean Level V. Bezverkhnii 10.1134/S0001433819040030
- Nonlinear climate dynamics: From deterministic behaviour to stochastic excitability and chaos D. Alexandrov et al. 10.1016/j.physrep.2020.11.002
- Machine learning approach reveals strong link between obliquity amplitude increase and the Mid-Brunhes transition T. Mitsui & N. Boers 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107344
- Glacial inception through rapid ice area increase driven by albedo and vegetation feedbacks M. Willeit et al. 10.5194/cp-20-597-2024
- Synchronization phenomena observed in glacial–interglacial cycles simulated in an Earth system model of intermediate complexity T. Mitsui et al. 10.5194/esd-14-1277-2023
- Rejuvenating the ocean: mean ocean radiocarbon, CO2 release, and radiocarbon budget closure across the last deglaciation L. Skinner et al. 10.5194/cp-19-2177-2023
- Impact of terrestrial biosphere on the atmospheric CO2 concentration across Termination V G. Hes et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1429-2022
- Deglaciation and abrupt events in a coupled comprehensive atmosphere–ocean–ice-sheet–solid-earth model U. Mikolajewicz et al. 10.5194/cp-21-719-2025
- Insolation evolution and ice volume legacies determine interglacial and glacial intensity T. Mitsui et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1983-2022
- A Theory of Orbital-Forced Glacial Cycles: Resolving Pleistocene Puzzles H. Ou 10.3390/jmse11030564
- Subsea permafrost organic carbon stocks are large and of dominantly low reactivity F. Miesner et al. 10.1038/s41598-023-36471-z
Latest update: 26 Jul 2025
Short summary
Ice cores reveal that atmospheric CO2 concentration varied synchronously with the global ice volume. Explaining the mechanism of glacial–interglacial variations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the link between CO2 and ice sheets evolution still remains a challenge. Here using the Earth system model of intermediate complexity we performed for the first time simulations of co-evolution of climate, ice sheets and carbon cycle using the astronomical forcing as the only external forcing.
Ice cores reveal that atmospheric CO2 concentration varied synchronously with the global ice...
