Articles | Volume 11, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1635-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1635-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 Dec 2015
Research article |
| 09 Dec 2015
Development of coccolithophore-based transfer functions in the western Mediterranean sea: a sea surface salinity reconstruction for the last 15.5 kyr
B. Ausín
Department of Geology, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
I. Hernández-Almeida
Institute of Geography and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Erlachstrasse 9a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
J.-A. Flores
Department of Geology, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
F.-J. Sierro
Department of Geology, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
M. Grosjean
Institute of Geography and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Erlachstrasse 9a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
G. Francés
Department of Marine Geosciences, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas – Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
B. Alonso
Department of Marine Geosciences, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Elizabeth R. Lasluisa, Oriol Oms, Eduard Remacha, Alba González-Lanchas, Hug Blanchar-Roca, and José Abel Flores
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 55–68, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-55-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-55-2024, 2024
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We studied sediment samples containing marine plankton under the polarized microscope from the Sabiñánigo sandstone formation, a geological formation located in the Jaca Basin in Spain. The main result of this work was a more precise age for the formation, the Bartonian age, in the Middle Eocene period. In addition, we obtained information on the temperature of the ocean water in which the plankton lived, resulting in the surface ocean waters in this area being warm and poor in nutrients.
Thibauld M. Béjard, Andrés S. Rigual-Hernández, Javier P. Tarruella, José A. Flores, Anna Sanchez Vidal, Irene Llamas Cano, and Francisco J. Sierro
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3101, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3101, 2024
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The Mediterranean Sea is considered a climate change hotspot. Documenting planktic foraminifera population is crucial. In the Sicily Strait, fluxes are higher during winter and positively linked with chlorophyll-a concentration and cool temperatures. A comparison with other Mediterranean sites shows the transitional aspect of the studied zone. Finally, modern populations significantly differ from those in the sediment, highlighting a possible effect of environmental change.
Heather M. Stoll, Leopoldo D. Pena, Ivan Hernandez-Almeida, José Guitián, Thomas Tanner, and Heiko Pälike
Clim. Past, 20, 25–36, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-25-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-25-2024, 2024
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The Oligocene and early Miocene periods featured dynamic glacial cycles on Antarctica. In this paper, we use Sr isotopes in marine carbonate sediments to document a change in the location and intensity of continental weathering during short periods of very intense Antarctic glaciation. Potentially, the weathering intensity of old continental rocks on Antarctica was reduced during glaciation. We also show improved age models for correlation of Southern Ocean and North Atlantic sediments.
Amanda Gerotto, Hongrui Zhang, Renata Hanae Nagai, Heather M. Stoll, Rubens César Lopes Figueira, Chuanlian Liu, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 20, 1725–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, 2023
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Based on the analysis of the response of coccolithophores’ morphological attributes in a laboratory dissolution experiment and surface sediment samples from the South China Sea, we proposed that the thickness shape (ks) factor of fossil coccoliths together with the normalized ks variation, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of ks (σ) over the mean ks (σ/ks), is a robust and novel proxy to reconstruct past changes in deep ocean carbon chemistry.
Thibauld M. Béjard, Andrés S. Rigual-Hernández, José A. Flores, Javier P. Tarruella, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Isabel Cacho, Neghar Haghipour, Aidan Hunter, and Francisco J. Sierro
Biogeosciences, 20, 1505–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1505-2023, 2023
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The Mediterranean Sea is undergoing a rapid and unprecedented environmental change. Planktic foraminifera calcification is affected on different timescales. On seasonal and interannual scales, calcification trends differ according to the species and are linked mainly to sea surface temperatures and carbonate system parameters, while comparison with pre/post-industrial assemblages shows that all three species have reduced their calcification between 10 % to 35 % according to the species.
Paula Diz, Víctor González-Guitián, Rita González-Villanueva, Aida Ovejero, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 697–722, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-697-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-697-2023, 2023
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Benthic foraminifera are key components of the ocean benthos and marine sediments. Determining their geographic distribution is highly relevant for improving our understanding of the recent and past ocean benthic ecosystem and establishing adequate conservation strategies. Here, we contribute to this knowledge by generating an open-access database of previously documented quantitative data of benthic foraminifera species from surface sediments of the eastern Pacific (BENFEP).
Jessica G. M. Crumpton-Banks, Thomas Tanner, Ivan Hernández Almeida, James W. B. Rae, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 19, 5633–5644, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5633-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5633-2022, 2022
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Past ocean carbon is reconstructed using proxies, but it is unknown whether preparing ocean sediment for one proxy might damage the data given by another. We have tested whether the extraction of an organic proxy archive from sediment samples impacts the geochemistry of tiny shells also within the sediment. We find no difference in shell geochemistry between samples which come from treated and untreated sediment. This will help us to maximize scientific return from valuable sediment samples.
José Guitián, Miguel Ángel Fuertes, José-Abel Flores, Iván Hernández-Almeida, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 19, 5007–5019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5007-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5007-2022, 2022
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The effect of environmental conditions on the degree of calcification of marine phytoplankton remains unclear. This study implements a new microscopic approach to quantify the calcification of ancient coccolithophores, using North Atlantic sediments. Results show significant differences in the thickness and shape factor of coccoliths for samples with minimum dissolution, providing the first evaluation of phytoplankton physiology adaptation to million-year-scale variable environmental conditions.
Molly O. Patterson, Richard H. Levy, Denise K. Kulhanek, Tina van de Flierdt, Huw Horgan, Gavin B. Dunbar, Timothy R. Naish, Jeanine Ash, Alex Pyne, Darcy Mandeno, Paul Winberry, David M. Harwood, Fabio Florindo, Francisco J. Jimenez-Espejo, Andreas Läufer, Kyu-Cheul Yoo, Osamu Seki, Paolo Stocchi, Johann P. Klages, Jae Il Lee, Florence Colleoni, Yusuke Suganuma, Edward Gasson, Christian Ohneiser, José-Abel Flores, David Try, Rachel Kirkman, Daleen Koch, and the SWAIS 2C Science Team
Sci. Dril., 30, 101–112, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-101-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-101-2022, 2022
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How much of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet will melt and how quickly it will happen when average global temperatures exceed 2 °C is currently unknown. Given the far-reaching and international consequences of Antarctica’s future contribution to global sea level rise, the SWAIS 2C Project was developed in order to better forecast the size and timing of future changes.
Nele Manon Vollmar, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Mariem Saavedra-Pellitero, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 19, 585–612, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-585-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-585-2022, 2022
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We studied recent (sub-)fossil remains of a type of algae (coccolithophores) off southernmost Chile and across the Drake Passage, adding to the scarce knowledge that exists in the Southern Ocean, a rapidly changing environment. We found that those can be used to reconstruct the surface ocean conditions in the north but not in the south. We also found variations in shape in the dominant species Emiliania huxleyi depending on the location, indicating subtle adaptations to environmental conditions.
Paul D. Zander, Maurycy Żarczyński, Wojciech Tylmann, Shauna-kay Rainford, and Martin Grosjean
Clim. Past, 17, 2055–2071, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2055-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2055-2021, 2021
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High-resolution geochemical imaging techniques provide new opportunities to investigate the biogeochemical composition of sediments at micrometer scale. Here, we compare biogeochemical data from biochemical varves with meteorological data to understand how seasonal meteorological variations are recorded in varve composition. We find that these scanning techniques help to clarify climate–proxy relationships in biochemical varves and show great potential for high-resolution climate reconstruction.
Stamatina Makri, Andrea Lami, Luyao Tu, Wojciech Tylmann, Hendrik Vogel, and Martin Grosjean
Biogeosciences, 18, 1839–1856, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1839-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1839-2021, 2021
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Anoxia in lakes is a major growing concern. In this study we applied a multiproxy approach combining high-resolution hyperspectral imaging (HSI) pigment data with specific HPLC data to examine the Holocene evolution and main drivers of lake anoxia and trophic state changes. We find that when human impact was low, these changes were driven by climate and natural lake-catchment evolution. In the last 500 years, increasing human impact has promoted lake eutrophication and permanent anoxia.
Luyao Tu, Paul Zander, Sönke Szidat, Ronald Lloren, and Martin Grosjean
Biogeosciences, 17, 2715–2729, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2715-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2715-2020, 2020
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In a small, deep lake on the Swiss Plateau, net fluxes of labile P fractions in sediments that can be released to surface waters have been predominately controlled by past hypolimnetic anoxic conditions since the early 1900s. More than 40 years of hypolimnetic withdrawal can effectively reduce net P fluxes in sediments and internal P loads but not effectively decrease eutrophication. These findings should likely serve the management of deep eutrophic lakes in temperate zones.
Christoph Dätwyler, Martin Grosjean, Nathan J. Steiger, and Raphael Neukom
Clim. Past, 16, 743–756, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-743-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-743-2020, 2020
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The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) are two important modes of climate variability, strongly influencing climate across the tropics and Southern Hemisphere mid- to high latitudes. This study sheds light on their relationship over the past millennium, combining evidence from palaeoclimate proxy archives and climate models. We show that their indices were mostly negatively correlated with fluctuations likely driven by internal variability in the climate system.
Paul D. Zander, Sönke Szidat, Darrell S. Kaufman, Maurycy Żarczyński, Anna I. Poraj-Górska, Petra Boltshauser-Kaltenrieder, and Martin Grosjean
Geochronology, 2, 63–79, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-63-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-63-2020, 2020
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Recent technological advances allow researchers to obtain radiocarbon ages from smaller samples than previously possible. We investigate the reliability and precision of radiocarbon ages obtained from miniature (11–150 μg C) samples of terrestrial plant fragments taken from sediment cores from Lake Żabińskie, Poland. We further investigate how sampling density (the number of ages per 1000 years) and sample mass (which is related to age precision) influence the performance of age–depth models.
Andrés S. Rigual Hernández, Thomas W. Trull, Scott D. Nodder, José A. Flores, Helen Bostock, Fátima Abrantes, Ruth S. Eriksen, Francisco J. Sierro, Diana M. Davies, Anne-Marie Ballegeer, Miguel A. Fuertes, and Lisa C. Northcote
Biogeosciences, 17, 245–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-245-2020, 2020
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Coccolithophores account for a major fraction of the carbonate produced in the world's oceans. However, their contribution in the subantarctic Southern Ocean remains undocumented. We quantitatively partition calcium carbonate fluxes amongst coccolithophore species in the Australian–New Zealand sector of the Southern Ocean. We provide new insights into the importance of species other than Emiliania huxleyi in the carbon cycle and assess their possible response to projected environmental change.
Mariem Saavedra-Pellitero, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Miguel Ángel Fuertes, Hartmut Schulz, Yann Marcon, Nele Manon Vollmar, José-Abel Flores, and Frank Lamy
Biogeosciences, 16, 3679–3702, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3679-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3679-2019, 2019
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Open ocean phytoplankton include coccolithophore algae, a key element in carbon cycle regulation with important feedbacks to the climate system. We document latitudinal variability in both coccolithophore assemblage and the mass variation in one particular species, Emiliania huxleyi, for a transect across the Drake Passage (in the Southern Ocean). Coccolithophore abundance, diversity and maximum depth habitat decrease southwards, coinciding with changes in the predominant E. huxleyi morphotypes.
Gloria M. Martin-Garcia, Francisco J. Sierro, José A. Flores, and Fátima Abrantes
Clim. Past, 14, 1639–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1639-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1639-2018, 2018
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This work documents major oceanographic changes that occurred in the N. Atlantic from 812 to 530 ka and were related to the mid-Pleistocene transition. Since ~ 650 ka, glacials were more prolonged and intense than before. Larger ice sheets may have worked as a positive feedback mechanism to prolong the duration of glacials. We explore the connection between the change in the N. Atlantic oceanography and the enhanced ice-sheet growth, which contributed to the change of cyclicity in climate.
Ariadna Salabarnada, Carlota Escutia, Ursula Röhl, C. Hans Nelson, Robert McKay, Francisco J. Jiménez-Espejo, Peter K. Bijl, Julian D. Hartman, Stephanie L. Strother, Ulrich Salzmann, Dimitris Evangelinos, Adrián López-Quirós, José Abel Flores, Francesca Sangiorgi, Minoru Ikehara, and Henk Brinkhuis
Clim. Past, 14, 991–1014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-991-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-991-2018, 2018
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Here we reconstruct ice sheet and paleoceanographic configurations in the East Antarctic Wilkes Land margin based on a multi-proxy study conducted in late Oligocene (26–25 Ma) sediments from IODP Site U1356. The new obliquity-forced glacial–interglacial sedimentary model shows that, under the high CO2 values of the late Oligocene, ice sheets had mostly retreated to their terrestrial margins and the ocean was very dynamic with shifting positions of the polar fronts and associated water masses.
Andrés S. Rigual Hernández, José A. Flores, Francisco J. Sierro, Miguel A. Fuertes, Lluïsa Cros, and Thomas W. Trull
Biogeosciences, 15, 1843–1862, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1843-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1843-2018, 2018
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Long-term and annual field observations on key organisms are a critical basis for predicting changes in Southern Ocean ecosystems. Coccolithophores are the most abundant calcium-carbonate-producing phytoplankton and play an important role in Southern Ocean biogeochemical cycles. In this study we document the composition, degree of calcification and annual cycle of coccolithophore communities in one of the largest unexplored regions of the world oceans: the Antarctic zone.
Saúl González-Lemos, José Guitián, Miguel-Ángel Fuertes, José-Abel Flores, and Heather M. Stoll
Biogeosciences, 15, 1079–1091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1079-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1079-2018, 2018
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Changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide affect ocean chemistry and the ability of marine organisms to manufacture shells from calcium carbonate. We describe a technique to obtain more reproducible measurements of the thickness of calcium carbonate shells made by microscopic marine algae called coccolithophores, which will allow researchers to compare how the shell thickness responds to variations in ocean chemistry in the past and present.
Blanca Ausín, Diana Zúñiga, Jose A. Flores, Catarina Cavaleiro, María Froján, Nicolás Villacieros-Robineau, Fernando Alonso-Pérez, Belén Arbones, Celia Santos, Francisco de la Granda, Carmen G. Castro, Fátima Abrantes, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Emilia Salgueiro
Biogeosciences, 15, 245–262, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-245-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-245-2018, 2018
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A systematic investigation of the coccolithophore ecology was performed for the first time in the NW Iberian Margin to broaden our knowledge on the use of fossil coccoliths in marine sediment records to infer environmental conditions in the past. Coccolithophores proved to be significant primary producers and their abundance and distribution was favoured by warmer and nutrient–depleted waters during the upwelling regime, seasonally controlled offshore and influenced by coastal processes onshore.
O. Rama-Corredor, B. Martrat, J. O. Grimalt, G. E. López-Otalvaro, J. A. Flores, and F. Sierro
Clim. Past, 11, 1297–1311, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1297-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1297-2015, 2015
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The alkenone sea surface temperatures in the Guiana Basin show a rapid transmission of the climate variability from arctic to tropical latitudes during the last two interglacials (MIS1 and MIS5e) and warm long interstadials (MIS5d-a). In contrast, the abrupt variability of the glacial interval does follow the North Atlantic climate but is also shaped by precessional changes. This arctic to tropical decoupling occurs when the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation is substantially reduced.
I. Hernández-Almeida, F.-J. Sierro, I. Cacho, and J.-A. Flores
Clim. Past, 11, 687–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-687-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-687-2015, 2015
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This manuscript presents new Mg/Ca and previously published δ18O measurements of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral for MIS 31-19, from a sediment core from the subpolar North Atlantic. The mechanism proposed here involves northward subsurface transport of warm and salty subtropical waters during periods of weaker AMOC, leading to ice-sheet instability and IRD discharge. This is the first time that these rapid climate oscillations are described for the early Pleistocene.
R. de Jong, L. von Gunten, A. Maldonado, and M. Grosjean
Clim. Past, 9, 1921–1932, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1921-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1921-2013, 2013
J. Elbert, M. Jacques-Coper, M. Van Daele, R. Urrutia, and M. Grosjean
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-1771-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-1771-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Related subject area
Subject: Proxy Use-Development-Validation | Archive: Marine Archives | Timescale: Centennial-Decadal
Can we use sea surface temperature and productivity proxy records to reconstruct Ekman upwelling?
Palaeoceanographic changes in Hornsund Fjord (Spitsbergen, Svalbard) over the last millennium: new insights from ancient DNA
A high-resolution δ18O record and Mediterranean climate variability
Nutrient utilisation and weathering inputs in the Peruvian upwelling region since the Little Ice Age
Multidecadal to millennial marine climate oscillations across the Denmark Strait (~ 66° N) over the last 2000 cal yr BP
An inter-laboratory investigation of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP25 in marine sediments: key outcomes and recommendations
Inferred changes in El Niño–Southern Oscillation variance over the past six centuries
Anson Cheung, Baylor Fox-Kemper, and Timothy Herbert
Clim. Past, 15, 1985–1998, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1985-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1985-2019, 2019
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We test two assumptions that are often made in paleoclimate studies by using observations and ask whether temperature and productivity proxy records in the Southern California Current can be used to reconstruct Ekman upwelling. By examining the covariation between alongshore wind stress, temperature, and productivity, we found that the dominant covarying pattern does not reflect Ekman upwelling. Other upwelling patterns found are timescale dependent. Multiple proxies can improve reconstruction.
Joanna Pawłowska, Marek Zajączkowski, Magdalena Łącka, Franck Lejzerowicz, Philippe Esling, and Jan Pawlowski
Clim. Past, 12, 1459–1472, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1459-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1459-2016, 2016
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The presented study focuses on the last millennium of the palaeoclimatic history of Svalbard region. The investigation was based on classical palaeoceanographic proxies, strengthened by the analysis of ancient foraminiferal DNA in down-core sediment samples. This study is the first attempt to implement the aDNA record in the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. The aDNA data revealed even small environmetal changes that were not evidenced in the sedimentological and micropalaeontological record.
C. Taricco, G. Vivaldo, S. Alessio, S. Rubinetti, and S. Mancuso
Clim. Past, 11, 509–522, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-509-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-509-2015, 2015
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The key to gaining information on climate over the last millennia is the study of proxy records in ice and sediment cores, trees, etc. We measured the oxygen isotopic ratio in planktonic foraminifera of a high-resolution, well-dated central Mediterranean core.
The comparison between the variability detected in this core and that characterizing the Northern Hemisphere allows for local and global (hemispheric) climate variations to be distinguished.
C. Ehlert, P. Grasse, D. Gutiérrez, R. Salvatteci, and M. Frank
Clim. Past, 11, 187–202, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-187-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-187-2015, 2015
J. T. Andrews and A. E. Jennings
Clim. Past, 10, 325–343, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-325-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-325-2014, 2014
S. T. Belt, T. A. Brown, L. Ampel, P. Cabedo-Sanz, K. Fahl, J. J. Kocis, G. Massé, A. Navarro-Rodriguez, J. Ruan, and Y. Xu
Clim. Past, 10, 155–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-155-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-155-2014, 2014
S. McGregor, A. Timmermann, M. H. England, O. Elison Timm, and A. T. Wittenberg
Clim. Past, 9, 2269–2284, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2269-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2269-2013, 2013
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Short summary
Coccolithophore distribution in 88 surface sediment samples in the Atlantic Ocean and western Mediterranean was mainly influenced by salinity at 10m depth. A quantitative coccolithophore-based transfer function was developed and applied to a fossil sediment core to estimate sea surface salinity (SSS). The quality of this function and the reliability of the SSS reconstruction were assessed by statistical analyses and discussed. Several centennial SSS changes are identified for the last 15.5 ka.
Coccolithophore distribution in 88 surface sediment samples in the Atlantic Ocean and western...
